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Quality of Life Predictors in Breastfeeding Mothers Referred to Health Centers in Iran

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Quality of Life Predictors in Breastfeeding Mothers Referred to Health Centers in Iran doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2018.15 http://www.ijwhr.net doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2015.27 OpenOpen Access Original Review Article InternationalInternational Journal Journal of Women’s of Women’s Health Health and Reproduction and Reproduction Sciences Sciences Vol.Vol. 3, No.6, No. 3, July 1, January 2015, 126–131 2018, 84–89 ISSNISSN 2330- 4456 2330- 4456 QualityWomen onof Lifethe Other Predictors Side of in War Breastfeeding and Poverty: Mothers Its Effect Referredon the Health to Health of Reproduction Centers in Iran Ayse Cevirme1, Yasemin Hamlaci2*, Kevser Ozdemir2 Mahin Kamalifard1, Mojgan Mirghafourvand2, Fatemeh Ranjbar3, Nasrin Gordani1* Abstract War and poverty are ‘extraordinary conditions created by human intervention’ and ‘preventable public health problems.’ War and Abstract poverty have many negative effects on human health, especially women’s health. Health problems arising due to war and poverty are Objectives: Considering the importance of breastfeeding and positive role of the quality of life (QoL) of mothers in it, we intended being observed as sexual abuse and rape, all kinds of violence and subsequent gynecologic and obstetrics problems with physiological to investigate QoL predictors. and psychological courses, and pregnancies as the result of undesired but forced or obliged marriages and even rapes. Certainly, Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 547 eligible breastfeeding mothers with infants, aged between unjust treatment such as being unable to gain footing on the land it is lived (asylum seeker, refugee, etc.) and being deprived of 2 and 6 months, referred to health centers in Falavarjan, a city in Iran. Participants were selected randomly. The socio-demographic social security, citizenship rights and human rights brings about the deprivation of access to health services and of provision of questionnaire and QOL Inventory of the World Health Organization (WHO) were completed through interview. The multivariate service intended for gynecology and obstetrics. The purpose of this article is to address effects of war and poverty on the health of linear regression analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship of QoL with socio-demographic characteristics. reproduction of women and to offer scientific contribution and solutions. Results: The mean score (standard deviation) of QoL was 67.6 (13.7) from a range between 0 and 100. According to the multivariate Keywords: Poverty, Reproductive health, War linear regression analysis, the variables of mother’s age, spouse’s age and job, economic status, gestational age at delivery, gravidity, tendency towards pregnancy, breastfeeding history, and breastfeeding training had relationship with QoL. Conclusion: Considering that the effects of socio-demographic factors on QOL in breastfeeding mothers can be moderated, it seems Introductionthat the QOL of such mothers can be improved through extensivethought planning that and severe supportive military strategies conflicts by family in Africa and society.shorten ThroughoutKeywords: Breastfeeding,the history of Quality the world, of life, the Demographic ones who had factors the expected lifetime for more than 2 years. In general, confronted the bitterest face of poverty and war had al- WHO had calculated that 269 thousand people had died ways been the women. As known poverty and war affects in 1999 due to the effect of wars and that loss of 8.44 mil- Introductionhuman health either directly or indirectly, the effects of lion healthyand psychological years of life had health occurred factors, (2,3). social relationship and Qualitythis condition of life on(QoL) health is anda multidimensional status of women inand the complex so- Warsthe negatively living conditions, affect the provisionit may affect of health breastfeeding. services. Zubaran concept,ciety should and not also be a ignored. comprehensive This study and intends flexible to castprocess Healthand institutions Foresti in sucha study as hospitals,in the southern laboratories part ofand Brazil also thatlight encompasseson the effects of all war aspects and poverty of people’s on the reproductivelife. It not only healthreported centers are this direct relationship targets of war.(11). Moreover, In a study, the wars Chen et al health of women. For this purpose, the face of war affect- cause the migration of qualified health employees, and meets essential needs, but also includes factors that cause compared the relationship of health with QoL in mothers, ing the women, the problem of immigration, inequalities thus the health services hitches. Assessments made indi- self-actualizationin distribution of income (1,2). basedIn other on gender words, and QoL the effectsoriginates cate thatwho the adopted effect ofdifferent destruction breastfeeding in the infrastructure patterns, and of showed fromof all people’sthese on satisfactionthe reproductive or dissatisfaction health of women with will different be healththat continues mothers for who 5-10 continuedyears even afterbreastfeeding the finalization for 6 months aspectsaddressed. of life, which are important to them. It includes of conflictsor more (3). obtained Due to resource significantly requirements higher in QoL the rescore- (12). health, occupational, economic, psychological-mental, structuringMoreover, investments a study afterin Iran war, by the Alijanpoor share allocated and toBahadoran andWar andfamily Women’s areas, Health and is an important criterion for healthshowed has decreased that QoL (1). in breastfeeding mothers was higher measuringFamine, synonymous health care with quality war and(3). poverty, is clearer for than in non-breastfeeding mothers (13). women;The significance war means ofdeep breastfeeding disadvantages is suchto the as fullextent de- that MortalitiesRegarding and Morbidities the importance of QoL in breastfeeding, we struction, loss of future and uncertainty for women. Wars The ones who are most affected from wars are women and it has been extensively highlighted in Islam (4). Breast explored valid scientific databases. Few studies have been are conflicts that destroy families, societies and cultures children. While deaths depending on direct violence af- milkthat negativelyprovides affectall energy the health and of nutrients community that and the cause infant fect thedone male on population, QoL predictors the indirect during deaths breastfeeding kill children, (13), so needsviolation for of the human first rights. 6 months According of lifeto the (5). data Breastfeeding of World womenwe andintended elders more.to assess In Iraq the betweensocio-demographic 1990-1994, in predictors- protectsHealth Organization the infant from(WHO) respiratory and World diseases, Bank, in allergies,2002 fant deathsof QoL had in shownbreastfeeding this reality mothers. in its more On thebare other form hand, as gastroenteritiswars had been amongand malnutrition the first ten reasons(6). It whichalso decreaseskilled with midwives,an increase who of 600% are responsible (4). The war for taking providing five years breastfeeding thethe mostrisk andof causedoverweight disabilities. and Civil obesity, losses areand at theassociated rate increaseshealthcare the child and deaths counseling under age of(14), 5 by we13%. aimed Also 47% to improve complicationsof 90% within all during losses (1).childhood and adolescence (7). of all healththe refugees and QoLin the of world mothers, and 50% as wellof asylum as breastfeeding seekers rate Moreover,War has many breastfeeding negative effects decreases on human the riskhealth. of breastOne of and and displacedthrough extensivepeople are planningwomen and and girls supportive and 44% strategiesref- by these is its effect of shortening the average human life. ugees and asylum seekers are children under the age of ovarian cancers in mothers, facilitates postpartum weight family and society. According to the data of WHO, the average human life is 18 (5). loss,68.1 yearsand forcontrols males andmaternal 72.7 years bleeding for females. after Itdelivery is being (8). As the result of wars and armed conflicts, women are Unfortunately, despite these advantages, only 41.3% of Materials and Methods mothers continue breastfeeding for up to one year. On the Study Design and Participants otherReceived hand, 12 December 9.7% 2014, of mothers Accepted 25 do April not 2015, breastfeed Available online at all 1 July (9). 2015 This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to 1DepartmentSuccessful of Nursing, breastfeeding Sakarya University, depends Sakarya, on Turkey. physiological 2Department of and Midwifery, SakaryaNovember University, 2015 Sakarya, on Turkey.547 breastfeeding mothers in the health *Corresponding author: Yasemin Hamlaci, Department of Midwifery, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. Tel: +905556080628, psychologicalEmail: [email protected] factors (10). Since QoL includes physical centers in Falavarjan, a city in Isfahan province, Iran. Received 17 October 2016, Accepted 14 May 2017, Available online 21 May 2017 1Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 2Department of Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 3Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran *Corresponding Author: Nasrin Gordani, Tel: +98 9103451193, Email: [email protected] Kamalifard et al The inclusion criteria included the following: mothers and living environment
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  • Water Hardness Zoning of Isfahan Province, Iran, and Its Relationship With
    DOI: Published by http://dx.doi.org/10.22122/arya.v15i6.1715 Vesnu Publications This is an open an is This Water hardness zoning of Isfahan Province, Iran, and its relationship with cardiovascular mortality, 2013-2015 - access article distributed under the terms of the of the terms the under distributed article access Fereshte Hossienifar(1) , Mozhgan Entezari(2), Shidokht Hosseini(3) Original Article Abstract BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the common diseases and today, it is considered as not only an important cause of mortality but also a significant aspect of health geography. The evidence presented in the literature indicates that hard water may reduce the cases of sudden death caused by CVDs because drinking water contains significant amounts of calcium and magnesium, which play a crucial role in the electrical activity of heart. Hence, the present study aimed at investigating the relationship between water hardness and CVD mortality rate in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: In this ecological study, the available data regarding the cardiovascular mortality rate and water hardness have been used. Preparation of zoning map has been conducted using the Attribution Commons Creative Geographic Information System (GIS) software considering Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation models. Moreover, statistical analysis has been conducted using SPSS software. any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. properly is work original the provided any medium, RESULTS: A reverse relationship was observed between cardiovascular mortality rate and water hardness. However, the observed relationship was not statistically significant (2013: r = -0.066, 2014: r = -0.155, 2015: r = -0.051, P > 0.050).
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