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Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences Osvaldo Muñiz Solari · Ali Demirci Joop van der Schee Editors Geospatial Technologies and Geography Education in a Changing World Geospatial Practices and Lessons Learned Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences Series Editor Dr. R.B. Singh More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13113 AIMS AND SCOPE Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences synthesizes series diagnostigation and prognostication of earth environment, incorporating challeng- ing interactive areas within ecological envelope of geosphere, biosphere, hydro- sphere, atmosphere and cryosphere. It deals with land use land cover change (LUCC), urbanization, energy flux, land-ocean fluxes, climate, food security, ecohydrology, biodiversity, natural hazards and disasters, human health and their mutual interaction and feedback mechanism in order to contribute towards sustain- able future. The geosciences methods range from traditional field techniques and conventional data collection, use of remote sensing and geographical information system, computer aided technique to advance geostatistical and dynamic modeling. The series integrate past, present and future of geospheric attributes incorporat- ing biophysical and human dimensions in spatio-temporal perspectives. The geosciences, encompassing land-ocean-atmosphere interaction is considered as a vital component in the context of environmental issues, especially in observation and prediction of air and water pollution, global warming and urban heat islands. It is important to communicate the advances in geosciences to increase resilience of society through capacity building for mitigating the impact of natural hazards and disasters. Sustainability of human society depends strongly on the earth envi- ronment, and thus the development of geosciences is critical for a better under- standing of our living environment, and its sustainable development. Geoscience also has the responsibility to not confine itself to addressing current problems but it is also developing a framework to address future issues. In order to build a ’Future Earth Model’ for understanding and predicting the functioning of the whole climatic system, collaboration of experts in the traditional earth disciplines as well as in ecology, information technology, instrumentation and complex system is essential, through initiatives from human geoscientists. Thus human geosceince is emerging as key policy science for contributing towards sustainability/survivality science together with future earth initiative. Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences series publishes books that contain novel approaches in tackling issues of human geoscience in its broadest sense – books in the series should focus on true progress in a particular area or region. The series includes monographs and edited volumes without any limitations in the page numbers. Osvaldo Muniz~ Solari • Ali Demirci • Joop van der Schee Editors Geospatial Technologies and Geography Education in a Changing World Geospatial Practices and Lessons Learned Editors Osvaldo Muniz~ Solari Ali Demirci Department of Geography Department of Geography Texas State University Fatih University San Marcos, TX, USA Istanbul, Turkey Joop van der Schee Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University Utrecht, The Netherlands Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands ISSN 2198-3542 ISSN 2198-3550 (electronic) Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences ISBN 978-4-431-55518-6 ISBN 978-4-431-55519-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55519-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015949261 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer Japan 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Japan KK is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Within a few decades, computers and the Internet really have changed the world. Although education is not in the front line of this revolution, it cannot lag behind, as modern education should prepare students for the world of today and tomorrow. For geography education the digital revolution offers many opportunities. Both formal and informal expressions of learning are being influenced by geospatial technolo- gies. These technologies have the potential to enhance students’ twenty-first-cen- tury skills and can stimulate a new way of learning or at least offer better opportunities to develop higher-order thinking skills. Modern geospatial technolo- gies can help learners to gain a better view of the world and provide opportunities for learners to better understand the planet Earth and attempt to resolve geograph- ical issues. This book gives an overview of the state of the art in the field where geospatial technologies and geography education meet. Geospatial practices are presented as an important means of learning about and with these technologies. The 17 chapters of the book are organized in five parts that deal with a theoretical base, implemen- tation of geospatial technologies in formal and informal education, the training of teachers, evaluation and assessment, and recommendations for the near future. Geography today cannot study geographical issues and resolve them without an effective use of geospatial technologies. That is why geography education must incorporate their use and applications in formal education and informal learning about the Earth’s phenomena. The Commission on Geographical Education of the International Geographical Union wants to reach a wide spectrum of people interested not only in geospatial technologies but also in geography education. For this purpose an e-book is also available to allow people from different parts of the world to become informed about our analyses, propositions, and recommenda- tions. Print copies of this book certainly can reach the libraries and centers of study in several countries; however, we want to be sure that this book also reaches people, v vi Preface institutions, and countries where scientific contributions are more difficult to obtain through the traditional way of publishing. In order to complete this job, we encourage people around the world to think of possible ways to transfer this body of knowledge to their communities in different languages. Then our effort will be a total success, because we want to offer this book to all people. Texas, TX, USA Osvaldo Muniz~ Solari Istanbul, Turkey Ali Demirci Utrecht, The Netherlands Joop van der Schee Amsterdam, The Netherlands Acknowledgments The editors would like to recognize the International Geographical Union Com- mission on Geographical Education (IGU-CGE) that encouraged some members to take the role of editors and guide the creation of this book. The editors extend their thanks to Prof. R.B. Singh, vice president of IGU, for his assistance in facilitating the initial process of submitting the proposal for this book to Springer. The editorial guidance by Ms. Taeko Sato in Springer Japan’s Editorial Depart- ment is also acknowledged. Her assistance was very valuable as she provided advice and suggestions during the preparation of the manuscripts. The authors of the chapters were always available and showed great willingness to develop the manuscripts and respond to the review process very efficiently. The editors appreciated their commitment to this project, which we believe will be a good contribution to geography education. vii Contents 1 Geospatial Technology in Geography Education ............... 1 Osvaldo Muniz~ Solari, Ali Demirci, and Joop van der Schee Part I Geospatial Practices. Theoretical Background 2 Digital Geography Education in the Twenty-First Century: Needs and Opportunities ................................. 11 Joop van der Schee, Henk Trimp, Tine Be´neker, and Tim Favier 3 Spatial Thinking in Education: Concepts, Development, and Assessment ........................................ 21 Sandra K. Metoyer, Sarah Witham Bednarz, and Robert S. Bednarz 4 Education for Spatial Citizenship .......................... 35 Thomas Jekel, Inga Gryl, and Uwe Schulze Part II Implementation of Geospatial Technologies in Formal Education and Informal Learning 5 Integrating GIS and Other Geospatial Technologies in Middle Schools .............................................. 53 Marsha Alibrandi and Donna Goldstein 6 Geospatial Education in High Schools: Curriculums, Methodologies, and Practices ............................

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