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On Curating, Online : Buying Time in the Middle of Nowhere Aalto University, P.O. BOX 11000, 00076 AALTO www.aalto.fi Master of Arts thesis abstract Author Vanessa Kowalski Title of thesis On Curating, Online: Buying Time in the Middle of Nowhere Department Department of Arts Degree programme Curating, Managing, and Mediating Art (CuMMA) Year 2018 Number of pages 173 Language English Abstract The invention of the Internet and its related accessories, as untrodden territory and as a medium, have ushered in a new era of artistic creation and curatorial practice, new frontiers for political censorship, and have drastically altered the paradigm of information transmission. The Web, although certainly a powerful social tool, has seeped so deeply into the foundations of everyday life that it has collapsed understandings of the present in exchange for a constantly refreshing sequence of now’s, and cultural institutions are struggling to ‘keep up with the times.’ Operating under the pressure of a capitalist system that privileges celebrity status, production, Vanessa Kowalski and modernity as progress, curators are ceaselessly inundated with an overwhelming amount of resources, struggling to dissect and interpret the present moment because the future has already ‘On Curating, Online: been deemed impatient. What would it mean then if cultural workers were to slow down, and Buying Time in the Middle of here’ reimagine progress not as linear procession but as collective expansion? Now This dissertation looks at the ways in which alternative approaches to exhibition Master’s Thesis making andOn Curating, Online: Buying Time in the Middle of Nowhere curating, specifically those taking place online, have long attempted to address the inadequacies and discriminatory practices traditionally upheld by major institutional models. Curating, Managing, and Mediating Art While the speed and omnipresence of digital technologies has also cultivated a tendency for the School of Arts, Design and Architecture creation of easily digestible content, slow curating, when used as a curatorial method rather than as a rate of dissemination, can serve as a strategy of resistance against the dueling binaries of Aalto University past and future from a position that generously expands the middle of now by engaging in Helsinki situated active thinking and critical reflection. Through an exploration of the evolution of the field of contemporary art alongside that of the Internet, this thesis presents examples of smaller Finland scale institutions currently publishing and exhibiting artworks online that exemplify slow curating strategies. Through an analysis of the ways in which these platforms are designed, 2018 accessed, and address their audiences, a series of three case studies center around online publisher Triple Canopy, dis.art, a Netflix like viewing platform, and the digital library Monoskop, in order to illustrate the diverse range of possibilities as well as the inherent Thesis Supervisor: Nora Sternfeld problematics of technology that cultural workers face when utilizing digital media to create External Advisor: Annet Dekker spaces for the exhibition of artworks, literature, and ideas. Art and its associated movements such as conceptual art, feminist art, and modernism have already shown that while art is often thought to operate on the margins, it has the capacity to spark societal and political transformations—and despite the imposing restrictions of surveillance and control, surely art online makes for no exception. When subordination and emancipation can be achieved by the same tools, simply having the tools is not enough, and any reconfiguration of the conflict depends not only on how they are used, but by whom. 3 2 Keywords curating, online, contemporary art, Internet, digital publishing, exhibitions, archives, slow curating Graphic Design by Bryan Fountain. Cover Image by Joshua Mathews. Fonts graciously provided by Peter Korsman/ Autograph. Printed in Helsinki on sustainably sourced papers. Please circulate or recycle this publication. 5 4 To my supportive and insightful advisors, Nora Sternfeld & Annet Dekker. To my colleagues and classmates. To those who have contributed their works, ideas, and care throughout this process and beyond it. To those who have been with me across time zones. To Finland. To my family & b. To you and your time. I am endlessly thankful to share the middle of now with you all. 7 6 ABSTRACTlooks at the ways in which digital library Monoskop, in The invention of the Internet alternative approaches to order to illustrate the diverse and its related accessories, exhibition making and curating, range of possibilities as well as untrodden territory and specifically those taking place as the inherent problematics as a medium, have ushered online, have long attempted of technology that cultural in a new era of artistic to address the inadequacies workers face when utilizing creation and curatorial and discriminatory practices digital media to create spaces practice, new frontiers for traditionally upheld by major for the exhibition of artworks, political censorship, and institutional models. While the literature, and ideas. have drastically altered the speed and omnipresence of Art and its associated paradigm of information digital technologies has also movements such as transmission. The Web, cultivated a tendency for the conceptual art, feminist art, although certainly a powerful creation of easily digestible and modernism have already social tool, has seeped so content, slow curating, shown that while art is often deeply into the foundations when used as a curatorial thought to operate on the of everyday life that it has method rather than as a rate margins, it has the capacity collapsed understandings of dissemination, can serve to spark societal and political of the present in exchange as a strategy of resistance transformations—and despite for a constantly refreshing against the dueling binaries the imposing restrictions sequence of now’s, and of past and future from a of surveillance and control, cultural institutions are position that generously surely art online makes for no struggling to ‘keep up with the expands the middle of now exception. When subordination times.’ Operating under the by engaging in situated active and emancipation can be pressure of a capitalist system thinking and critical reflection. achieved by the same tools, that privileges celebrity status, Through an exploration of simply having the tools production, and modernity the evolution of the field of is not enough, and any as progress, curators are contemporary art alongside reconfiguration of the conflict ceaselessly inundated with that of the Internet, this thesis depends not only on how they an overwhelming amount presents examples of smaller are used, but by whom. of resources, struggling to scale institutions currently dissect and interpret the publishing and exhibiting present moment because artworks online that exemplify the future has already been slow curating strategies. deemed impatient. Through an analysis of the What would it mean then if ways in which these platforms cultural workers were to slow are designed, accessed, and down, and reimagine address their audiences, a progress not as linear series of three case studies procession but as collective center around online publisher expansion? Triple Canopy, dis.art, a Netflix This dissertation like viewing platform, and the 9 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS P.12 SITUATING THE RESEARCH P.98 SLOWING DOWN THE INTERNET • The Future is Hypertextual • I Link Therefore I am • Success (in Progress) • Digital Naïve • Rethinking Success as Slowness • Why Now and What Can Art Do? • Case Studies: Triple Canopy, dis.art, and Monoskop • The Medium is the Methodology • Triple Canopy • Questions & Case Studies • On Transparency • CanopyCanopyCanopy P.38 KEYWORDS AND FRAMEWORK OF THE NETWORK •Toward Visibility • dis.art • Who Cares? • End of the Line(ar) Timeline • On Curating, Online • Distorting And Disarming: Dissent on Display • Where is Care? • Monoskop • Exhibiting Online • Unpacking My Digital Library • World Wide Web? • The Crisis of Connectivity: Content • World Within Worlds • Better Off Online P.139 CONCLUSION • Platforms • Public Cyberspace P.149 CITATIONS • In the Public I P.169 IMAGE INDEX P.84 IN THE MIDDLE OF NOWHERE TOGETHER • Being Singular Plural: Sharing vs. Pseudo-sharing • Buying Time in the Middle of Nowhere 11 10 Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research 1 Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research Situating the Research THE FUTURE IS of objective knowledge. There on paper back in 1843. attention. Perhaps the near Situating the Research HYPERTEXTUAL is space to be found here Citing the writing future is female and sold on an In an attempt to resist the between the teeth of traditional of several female-identifying overpriced t-shirt at The Wing,4 traditionally accepted linearity discourse when one acknowl- authors and the ways in which but it should be radically re- of research,