Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea1

ELDON E. BALL, JR.2 AND JANET HAIG3

ABSTRACT: This report is based on 19 species of hermit crabs collected in eastern in 1969. One, englaucus, is a new species and several oth­ ers were not previously recorded from the area. Detailed observations on color in life were made for most of these forms. The report includes all published records of hermit crabs from the Territory of and New Guinea. Identifications are given for associated organisms in the following groups: Cnidaria (Anthozoa), Mollusca (Gastropoda), Acarina (Mesostigmata), Cirripedia (Rhizocephala), and Isopoda (Epicaridea and Plabellifera).

THE HERMIT CRABS treated in this paper were very deep water just offshore. In the vlCmlty collected from September through December of of Port Moresby there is a very extensive area 1969, when one of the authors (E. Ball) had of shallow water covering a bottom of coral the privilege of participating in Program C of and coral rubble within the main barrier reef. the Alpha Helix Expedition to New Guinea Hermit crabs were obtained intertidally and/ under the leadership of Dr. John Buck. This or by SCUBA diving whenever the opportunity expedition, which was concerned principally presented itself; most of the collecting was done with the investigation of bioluminescence, was in the area. Notes on color in life were headquartered at Maiwara about 16 miles north made for most species, as well as some observa­ of Madang on the northeastern coast of New tions on habitat, behavior, and commensals. Guinea. Sek Island, W ongat Island, and Ot­ Nineteen species of hermit crabs were collected; tilien Pass, three of the localities mentioned in one of these is described as new in this report. the text, are in the Madang area; others are Several others were previously unreported from shown in Fig. 1. All mileages given from Mai­ eastern New Guinea. wara are along the coast road in a general For each species collected, we give the refer­ northerly direction. ence to its original description and to those of The coast near Madang consists mainly of its junior synonyms, and to the work which first raised coral reefs. There are many areas of liv­ cited the name in its currently accepted combi­ ing reef close inshore, with a sharp drop into nation; we also include references to certain other works which have important descrip~ive material or notes on color or behavior. Because 1 The Alpha Helix Expedition to New Guinea was such information is widely scattered in the lit- financed by National Science Foundation grant no. 1 d 11 bl h d d f h GB-8400 to the R.V. Alpha Helix, Scripps Institution erature, we inc u e a pu is e recor so er- of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92037. Miss mit crabs from the territory of Papua and New Haig's work on this report was aided in part by Na- Guinea, i.e., the area comprising the eastern -ti{)nal-£Gi(mG€-F-0undat~{)fl--gmnt-fi{).---GB~l-6~g6-tO-the--half-of-thrisland-of-New-6uinea-and---its-(}ff~------1 De?artmen~ of .Biology and the Allan J::Iancock Fo~n- shore islands the and datIOn, Umverslty of Southern Cahforma. Manuscnpt .' .. .' received 1 February 1971. the Islands of Bougamvdle and Buka m the 2 University of California at Santa Barbara, Depart. Solomon Islands. ment of Biological Sciences, Santa Barbara, C~lifo~nia Except where otherwise indicated, all mea­ 93106. Present address: Research School of BIOlogICal surements of the crabs refer to carapace length Science, Department of Neurobiology, P.O. Box 475, . th 'dl' Th t' 1 . d 't d' th Canberra City, ACT 2601, . m e ml me. e ma ena IS eposl e m e 3 University of Southern California, Allan Hancock Crustace~ collections of the Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles, California 90007. FoundatIOn. 87 88 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 26, January 1972

144' 148' 150' 152'

2' 2'

4' 4'

WEST

IRIAN 6' 6' TERRITORY OF PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA

I I ,I 8' I 8' I I I I I I·

10' 10'

142' 144' 146' 150' 152'

FIG. 1. Map of eastern New Guinea, showing some of the localities mentioned in the text.

MATERIAL COLLECTED and 25.2 rom; 21 miles north of Maiwara, 25 November 1969, colI. E. Ball: one female 28.4 COENOBITIDAE mm. Coenobita brevimantts Dana, 1852 Cenobita clypeata var. brevimanus Dana, Color in Lite 1852: 473. These crabs in life are purplish pink. Coenobita clypeata-Henderson, 1888: 5I; Fize and Serene, 1955: 5, 7, pI. 1 fig. 1, Remarks text fig. 1. Not C. clypeatus (Herbst, The specimens collected on 21 November 1791). were two of about six that were found feeding Coenobita clyjZeatus-Studer, 1889: 240; on-the-nrearirrside-a-la-rge-coconurt.------Ortmann, 1892: 316, pI. 12 fig. 20; Al­ cock, 1905: 141, 142, pI. 15 figs. 1, 1a; Distribution Nobili, 1905: 483. Coenobita brevimantts-Rathbun, 1910: 314. From east coast of to the Line Islands Coenobita hilgendorfi Terao, 1913: 388. and Tuamotu Archipelago. Northeast coast of New Guinea: Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen (= Material Madang) and Berlinhafen (= Aitape) (No­ Twenty-one miles north of Maiwara, 21 No­ bili, 1905). Bismarck Archipelago: Wild vember 1969, colI. E. Ball: two females 18.7 Island, (Henderson, 1888); Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea-BALL AND HAIG 89

New Hanover (= Lavongai) (Studer, 1889; the material. in the present collection is marked Ortmann, 1892). essentially as noted above. At the locality on the mainland side of Ot­ Coenobita rugosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 tilien Pass, a number of these crabs were seen Cenobita rugosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837: in small holes in the low cliff at the back of the 241. beach. Near Maiwara on 19 or 20 September Coenobita rugosa-Henderson, 1888: 51; several specimens were seen at least 6 feet up Studer, 1889: 240; Nobili, 1899: 248; in trees a minimum of an eighth of a mile from Fize and Serene, 1955: 5, 12, pI. 1 figs. the nearest arm of the sea. On 25 November, 3, 5, 7-10, text figs. 2, 3A. 21 miles north of Maiwara, many were observed Coenobita rugosus-Ortmann, 1892: 316, walking around on the beach of coral rubble 317, pI. 12 fig. 22; Ortmann, 1894: 33; 30 to 45 minutes after dark. Alcock, 1905: 141, 143, pI. 14 figs. 3, 3a; Many individuals from the vicinity of Mata­ Nobili, 1905: 483; Holthuis, 1954: 16, fuma Point were infested by the mite Aspi­ text fig. 4 c, d; Lewinsohn, 1969: 94, text dilaelaps mirabilis Trag~rdh. Hundreds of these fig. 17. parasites were found crawling on and inside the shells after the crabs had been removed. Material Lae, 18 September 1969, colI. E. Ball: two Distribution males 8.5 and 13.5 mm, one female 10.3 mm, From east coast of Africa to the Line Islands one juvenile; mainland side of Ottilien Pass and Tuamotu Archipelago; Red Sea records near Maiwara, beneath rubbish on coral rubble should be referred to C. scae'vola (Forskal) beach, 10 October 1969, colI. E. Ball: one male (Lewinsohn, 1969: 94) and eastern Pacific rec­ 8.8 mm, two females 7.7 and 7.9 mm, one ords to C. compressus H. Milne Edwards (Holt­ juvenile; lagoon about 22 miles north of Mai­ huis, 1954: 16). Northeast coast of New wara, 11 October 1969, colI. J.-M. Bassot: one Guinea: Berlinhafen (= Aitape) (Nobili, male 7.4 mm, three females 9.3 to 10.5 mm, 1905). Southeast coast of New Guinea: no lo­ one juvenile; near Matafuma Point, Long cality specified (Ortmann, 1894); Katau, near Island, on beach of black sand, 17 Novem­ mouths of the Fly River (Nobili, 1899). Bis­ ber 1969, colI. J.-M. Bassot and E. Ball: about marck Archipelago: Tracy and Wild islands, 150 specimens (incl. a few ovigerous females) Admiralty Islands (Henderson, 1888); New 5.5 to 10.3 mm; 21 miles north of Maiwara, Hanover (= Lavongai) (Studer, 1889; Ort­ on beach of coral fragments, 25 November mann, 1892). 1969, colI. E. Ball: four males 11.5 to 13.7 mm. Color in Life Ground color pale. Eyestalks brown. Dark pallescens White1egge, 1897 areas on body, in shades of brown and black: shield with a broad transverse patch anteriorly Fig. 2 and two longihldinal stripes in posterior por­ Diogenes pallescens White1egge, 1897: 141, tion; merus of chelipeds with a broad distal pI. 6 figs. 2, 2a-c. ring, outer surface of carpus with a longitudi­ Mate1'ial------1 nal stripe, large chela with a conspicuous patch on ventral part of outer surface; carpus of walk­ Inside Sek Island, 5-10 feet, on fine coral ing legs longitudinally striped, other articles rubble between extensive growths of living with broad transverse bands. coral, 4 October 1969, colI. E. Ball and R. Lynch: two males 3.7 and 7.6 mm; large lagoon Remarks about 35 miles north of Maiwara, to 25 feet, Several authors, in particular Fize and Serene on fine sandy mud among alcyonarians and (1955: 18, 19), have discussed the variations corals, 19 October 1969, colI. E. Ball: two fe­ in color that may occur in living specimens. All males 3.1 and 6.1 mm. 90 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 26, January 1972

c a

FIG. 2. Diogenes pallescens (Whitelegge). Male from off Sek Island. a, Anterior carapace and appenda­ ges; b, carpus and chela of left cheliped; c, left second pereiopod, inner surface. Scale of a =2 mm; scales of band c = 4 mm.

Color in Life flagellum. Chelipeds mostly brown, fingers Carapace, eyescales, and rostriform process wh!te. Walking legs mottled pale brown on a ----IIT()ttleci-gre~nisn_bmwn-and___whi:t~~Eyest-alks-wlHt~9aG~gr-Gul:ld+-th~Geler t@l:lGste9@E0l:lE@l:l-­ with pure white background; a broad brown trated into broad bands, the most prominent ring at base; fine lines of brown, in a netted one occurring about midway along propodus. or ringed pattern, over rest of stalk; cornea sil­ very. Antennular peduncles with narrow brown Remarks rings on a white to transparent background; D. pallescens is one of several Indo-West­ flagellum with a row of brown spots along Pacific Diogenes in which the outer antennae base of hairs. Antennae essentially transparent are slender with the peduncle shorter than the but with a pale brown ring on each segment of eyestalks. This small group of species was dis- Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea-BALL AND HAlG 91 cussed by Forest (1957: 530-532), who re­ Distribution marked (p. 531) that D. pallescens appears to Reported only from Funafuti, Ellice Islands. differ from its allies in the extreme slenderness The known range of the species is now ex­ of the walking legs (length of propodus of tended westward to northeast New Guinea. third pereiopods six times its maximum height) and in the very wide-set eyescales. Both these Diogenes gardineri Alcock, 1905 characters are shown in the illustration of one Diogenes gardineri Alcock, 1905: 73, pI. 7 of the types. fig. 3; Forest, 1957: 530, text fig. 16; Diogenes pallescens was described from seven Lewinsohn, 1969: 45. specimens collected at Funafuti, Ellice Islands. They are deposited in the Australian Museum Material with register number G.1402. Through the Large lagoon approximately 35 miles north courtesy of Miss Elizabeth C. Pope, acting cur­ of Maiwara, to 25 feet, on fine sandy mud ator of Crustacea during 1970, one of us (Janet among alcyonarians and corals, 19 October Haig) was able to borrow three of the syn­ 1969, colI. E. Ball: one female 4.0 mm. types: a male with carapace length of 6.0 mm and two females 4.6 and 4.0 mm. Examination Remarks of these types showed that the eyescales are This specimen differs from earlier accounts inaccurately depicted in Whitelegge's illustra­ of Diogenes gardineri only in the length of the tion; they are differently shaped and not nearly antennular peduncles, which barely reach the so wide set as indicated by that author. The end of the eyestalks. In the material examined rostriform process between the eyescales and by Alcock (1905), Forest (1957), and Lewin­ the rostral lobe of the carapace shield are also sohn (1969), the antennular peduncles are inaccurately shown. For the actual form of these longer than the eyestalks. In our specimen there structures see Fig. 2a in this paper. Further­ is no spine on the ventral side of the rostri­ more, in Whitelegge's illustration the slender­ form process. ness of the walking legs is a little exaggerated; in the three syntypes examined the propodus is Distribution about five, rather than six, times as long as Red Sea, Maldive Islands, and Tuamotu high. Archipelago. Now reported from eastern New The four specimens reported herein as Diog­ Guinea. enes pallescens agree closely with the syntypes and, except for the features just mentioned, Diogenes serenei Forest, 1957 with the original account of the species. In the Diogenes serenei Forest, 1957: 530, text larger specimens the antennular peduncles, when figs. 12-15. fully extended, reach the base of the corneas, while in the smaller ones they extend almost Material to the end of the eyestalks. (Because of the Inside Sek Island, 5-10 feet, on fine coral position in which they were drawn, the anten- rubble between extensive growths of living nular peduncles of the 7.6-mm male depicted coral, 4 October 1969, colI. E. Ball and R. in Fig. 2a appear to be much shorter than the Lynch: one male 4.0 mm, two females 3.9 and eyestalks~rTfie splm.uahon or-me chelipea~,r,-6 mm; large lagoon approxlmately3Ym.il"-es.------1 a little stronger in females than in males. In the north of Maiwara,to 25 feet, on fine sandy mud 6.1-mm female the large (left) chela is slightly among alcyonarians and corals, 19 October less elongate than is the same article in the 1969, colI. E. Ball: one nonovigerous female illustrated male, and its lower margin is nearly 4.7 mm, one ovigerous female 3.7 mm; Port straight instead of distinctly concave. Moresby, just inside the outer reef, 3-8 feet, None of the specimens from Funafuti and mostly coral rubble, 17 December 1969, colI. New Guinea have a spine arising from the ven- E. Ball: three males 3.2 to 3.7 mm, one female tral side of the rostriform process. 2.8 mm. 92 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 26, January 1972

Remarks October 1969, call. E. Ball: two females (juve­ These specimens correspond with the orig­ nile) 8.2 and 9.0 IDID, two juveniles; off inal description of Diogenes serenei except that Kurum, , 5-10 feet, on coral rub­ the dactyl of the walking legs is proportionately ble, 29 October 1969, call. E. Ball: three males a little more slender than the one shown in Fig. (one juvenile) 8.7 to 15.2 IDID, one female 15. All of them have a strong spine on the 15.0 mm; Port Moresby, just inside the outer underside of the rostriform process. This spine reef, 3-8 feet, mostly coral rubble, 17 Decem­ is characteristic of D. serenei, although Forest ber 1969, colI. E. Ball: four males 10.9 to 17.1 (1957: 530) also found it in specimens of D. mm; Port Moresby, approximately 3 feet, from gardineri Alcock from the Tuamotu Archipel­ an area of aquatic grass growing on sand and/ ago. or from a rocky area with some coral, 17 De­ cember 1969, colI. E. Ball: one male 14.4 mm, Distribtttion one female 17.6 mm. Reported only from the Gulf of Oman and Color in Life from Vietnam. The known range is now ex­ tended eastward to eastern New Guinea. BLACK VARIETY: Carapace shield purple in central portion, purple and reddish brown toward lateral margins; a large, deep brown Dardantts lagopodes (ForsHl, 1775) patch just behind frontal margin. Posterior cara­ Cancer lagopodes ForsHl, 1775: 93. pace reddish brown with white spots, and with a Pagttrtls sangttinolenttts Quay & Gaimard, broad, longitudinal, whitish patch at midline. 1824: 532, pI. 79 fig. 2 (colored); Fize Eyestalks pale violet, with a broad yellow ring and Serene, 1955: 159, 166, pI. 4 figs. 4, next to the black cornea. Antennular peduncles 5, text fig. 25. olive green, with a light brown streak on outer Pagtlms affinis H. Milne Edwards, 1836: side; flagellum bright orange. Antennal pedun­ 274. cles light brown, sides of basal segment slightly Pagtlms ettopsis Dana, 1852: 452; Dana, darker; flagellum light brown. Chelipeds mot­ 1855: pI. 28 fig. 6 a-c; Borradaile, 1900: tled reddish brown and white; hairs deep red 396, 425; Alcock, 1905: 80, 86, pI. 9 with white tips, each springing from a bright fig. 2. reddish purple spot. Walking legs mottled Pagttms depresstts Heller, 1861 a: 22; Heller, deep reddish brown and white, with hairs sim­ 1861 b: 248. ilar to those of chelipeds; carpus with a large hellerii Paulson, 1875: 90, pI. 12 patch of dark reddish brown to nearly black, figs. 4, 4 a-c. this patch sometimes forming a nearly complete Dardanus lagopodes-Lewinsohn, 1969: 32, ring; a less sharply defined reddish brown area pI. 12. on merus. Pereiopods 4 and 5 mottled reddish Material brown and white. Abdomen dorsally reddish brown with white spots; ventrally a translucent Inside Sek Island, 5-10 feet, on fine coral white. rubble between extensive growths of living coral, 4 October 1969, call. E. Ball: one male RED VARIETY: Carapace shield light brown 13.4 mm, one female 13.8 mm, one juvenile mottled with dark brown; anterior portion with 7.7 mm; mallliand sIde ocOtttlIen Pass, 4feet, a few smalllJ1Ulsh purple spots; an orange patch on coral rubble and sand, 11 October 1969, behind each anterolateral angle. Posterior cara­ call. E. Ball: one female 21.5 mm; inside mid­ pace light brown with mottlings of dark brown dle of Sek Island, about 4 feet, on fine rubble and irregular longitudinal rows of white spots. among extensive areas of live coral, 14 October Eyestalks uniform purplish brown, with a yel­ 1969, call. E. Ball: one juvenile 7.9 mm; la­ lowish area just proximal to the silvery black goon about 35 miles north of Maiwara, about cornea. Antennules and antennae transparent 25 feet on mud along alcyonarians below coral yellow. Chelipeds mottled brown and white, zone, and about 10 feet on coral rubble, 19 hairs red with white tips; carpus with a bright Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea-BALL AND HAlG 93

orange patch on outer surface. Walking legs Pagurus cultratus White, 1847a: 60 (nom. mottled reddish brown and white, the mottlings nud.). forming a series of rings on the dactyl; carpus Pagurus (s.s.) deformis-Hilgendorf, 1879: with a bright red patch. Pereiopods 4 and 5 818, pI. 3 figs. 6, 7. mottled reddish brown and white. Abdomen Pagurus difformis-Studer, 1889: 235. transparent light brown with white spots. Pagurus near difformis-Studer, 1889: 248. Dardanus deformis-Edmondson, 1925: 24; Remarks Gillett and McNeill, 1967: 118, pI. 117 This species has been described under sev­ (colored). eral names because of variations in color and in certain morphological features; Fize and Serene Material (1955) discussed these variations in detail. We Lagoon approximately 35 miles north of observed many of them in the material from Maiwara, 3 feet, under a large chunk of dead New Guinea. The two color varieties were coral on muddy sand bottom, 19 October 1969, found together at Karkar Island and at Port colI. E. Ball: one male 25.8 mm; Kurum, Kar­ Moresby. Different degrees of flattening and kar Island, about 5 feet, on coarse black lava broadening of the propodus of the left third sand, 29 October 1969, colI. E. Ball: one fe­ pereiopod frequently occurred among specimens male 14.0 mm. collected at a single locality. Individuals with a markedly flattened carapace were removed Color in Life from shells with a narrow aperture, including Shield gray with a few brown markings. Pos­ Strombus luhuamts Linnaeus and Conus ebttr­ terior carapace uniform gray with fine brown neus Bruguiere. branching lines. Eyestalks white in median por­ Isopods (suborder Flabellifera) were associ­ tion; a broad dark brown band at base and a ated with several specimens of Dardanus lago­ pale brown area distally. Cornea yellowish. An­ podes collected at Port Moresby. They were tennules transparent gray; penultimate segment found near the apices of shells cracked to re­ of peduncle with a broad median brown ring. move the crabs. These isopods have been iden­ Antennae transparent gray. Carpus of left chel­ tified as Cirolana and probably belong to an iped gray-brown; chela very pale brown, almost undescribed species. white. Right chela pale gray with many short, fine, longitudinal, brown streaks. Hairs of right Distribution cheliped yellow. First walking legs off-white, From the Red Sea and east coast of Africa with many fine brown longitudinal streaks on to the Marshall and Gilbert islands in the north­ carpus, propodus, and dactyl. Second walking ern hemisphere and to the Tuamotu Archipel­ legs darker brown, with similar longitudinal ago in the southern hemisphere. In Eastern streaks. Abdomen transparent pale brown. New Guinea it is found in the Conflict Group, (Borradaile, 1900). Remarks There is very little published information on Dardanus deformis (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) the color of this species in life. Fize and Serene Pagurus deformis H. Milne Edwards, 1836: (1955: 205) gave brief color notes made from --42n;-pl;-n-figs:-tt,-4a-C-rrorpt-1-4-fig:-2--one-sma-l-I-specimen~-6iH-ett-and-McNeitl-(-t959>-,----I as stated in text); Borradaile, 1900: 396, 1967) had a color photograph of a living spec- 424; Alcock, 1905: 81, 88, pI. 9 fig. 4; imen with anemones on its shell. Cowles, 1919: 83, pI. 1; Cowles, 1920: The individual from 35 miles north of Mai­ 40; Fize and Serene, 1955: 159, 199, pI. wara was living in a turban shell, Tttrbo argy­ 4 fig. 6, text figs. 31, 33 E, F; Gillett and rostomus Linnaeus, on the outside of which McNeill, 1959: 118, pI. 117 (colored). were attached several limpets, Hipponix (Sabia) Pagtmts cavipes White, 1847a: 60 (nom. conims (Schumacher), and two large anemones, mid.); White, 1847b: 122. Calliactis polyp"s (ForsHl). A much smaller 94 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 26, January 1972

anemone, Sagartiomorphe paguri (Verrill), some red on each calcified plate. Uropods red was attached to the columella of the Turbo with small white spots. shell. The from Karkar Island, with a length of only 33.8 mm including the Distribution abdomen, occupied an 81-mm auger shell, From Red Sea and east coast of Africa to Terebra maculata (Linnaeus); there were two Hawaiian and Society islands. New Guinea: individuals of Calliactis polypus on the outside no locality specified (H. Milne Edwards, 1848). of the shell. Cowles (1919: 83-87; 1920: 40) discussed Clibanarius sp., aff. longitarsus (De Haan) in some detail the association of Dardanus de­ Fig. 3 formis with two species of anemone which he did not name, but which have since been iden­ Material tified as Calliactis polypus and Sagartiomorphe Near Maiwara, on mangrove roots above fine paguri (Cutress and Ross, 1969: 226). mud and on coarse rubble, some in water and Distribution some out, 26 October 1969, colI. E. Ball: two males 5.5 and 12.5 mm, five females 7.2 to From east coast of Africa to the Hawaiian 9.0 mm; Port Moresby, on mangrove roots or Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago. Eastern New in rocky intertidal, 17 December 1969, call. Guinea: Conflict Group, Louisiade Archipelago E. Ball: one male 8.0 mm. (Borradaile, 1900). Bismarck Archipelago: Anchoreten (= ) and New Ire­ Color in Life land (Hilgendorf, 1879; Studer, 1889); Pigeon Shield with large areas of brown on an olive­ Island, (Borradaile, 1900). drab background; some have a definite streak Trizopagurus strigatus (Herbst, 1804) on each lateral margin but there is no indica­ Cancer strigatus Herbst, 1804: 25, pI. 61 tion of real stripes. Posterior portion of cara­ fig. 3. pace olive drab. Eyescales mostly brownish Pagurus annulipes H. Milne Edwards, 1848: green, brown at base. Eyestalks brownish green 63. dorsally, paling almost to white on lateral and Trizopagurus strigatus-Forest, 1952a: 2; ventral surfaces. Cornea black. Antennular pe­ Forest, 1952b: 6, 19, text figs. 5, 14, 21; duncles pale to almost white dorsally, brownish Lewinsohn, 1969: 52, text fig. 7. green laterally; flagellum pale green, each seg­ ment with a brown stripe running across it; a Material band of bright orange across base of hairs. Antennae mostly brown; a longitudinal white Lagoon 22 miles north of Maiwara, less than stripe dorsally. Chelipeds olive drab with blue 40 feet, on living coral or coral rubble, 21 tubercles. Merus of walking legs olive drab, September 1969, call. E. Ball, K. Kirk, and without distinct stripes; lateral surface with a I. Richards: one female 8.7 mm. few small pale spots, and sometimes a pale Color in Life longitudinal streak toward dorsal margin. Car­ pus olive drab, with a broad, sharply defined, Carapace completely white without any markings---Ej'escales---1I1ottleLed-and-o ---- =------:;;;. --- Eyestalks, including cornea, uniform bright red- '''''''.'''''''''''"'''''', orange. Antennules solid bright reddish orange. Antennal scale and peduncle bright reddish orange; flagellum transparent. Chelipeds and walking legs with alternating red and orange rings; each scute of those appendages with red FIG. 3. Clibanarius aff. longitarsus (De Haan). distally and orange proximally. Pereiopods 4 Left third pereiopod of specimen from Maiwara. and 5 mottled red and orange. Abdomen with Scale =4 mm. Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea-BALL AND HAIG 95

median longitudinal blue-green stripe. Propodus and dactyl with two narrow, well-defined, longi­ tudinal, olive-drab stripes on a blue-green back­ ground.

Remarks Fize and Serene (1955) discussed Clibanarius longitarsus (De Haan) and two species closely related to it, which they designated as Clibanarius 1 and Clibanarius 2. The three forms, which live together in the muddy sand of estuaries in Vietnam, can readily be separated in life by differences in color and color pattern. The pattern of our New Guinean material re­ FIG. 4. Clibanarius padavensis De Man. Left third sembles that of Clibanarius 2 (Fize and Serene, pereiopod of two specimens from Port Moresby. Scale 4 mm. 1955: pI. 3 fig. 9, text fig. 12). Except on the = walking legs, the color also agrees quite closely males 5.6 to 6.5 mm, three females 5.0 to 6.7 with that of Clibanarius 2 as described by those mm; Port Moresby, on mangrove roots and/or authors on pages 92 and 94. They described in rocky intertidal, 17 December 1969, colI. E. the second and third pereiopods as having Ball: one male 5.8 mm, two females 5.0 and longitudinal stripes alternately "vert-jaune clair" 5.7 mm. and "vert fonce"; in our material the correspon­ ding areas are blue-green and olive drab. Thus, Color In Alcohol for example, in Vietnam specimens the propodus Shield pale orange to white, with brownish has two narrow stripes of dark green on a pale longitudinal markings tending toward broad, yellow-green background, while in our mate­ much diffused stripes; in some specimens there rial the propodus has two narrow stripes of are two distinct longitudinal stripes. Eyescales olive drab on a blue-green background. Be­ mostly reddish brown. Eyestalks orange-brown cause of these differences we hesitate to place to pale orange dorsally, pale on outer and ven­ the New Guinea specimens with Clibanarius 2; tral surfaces; a distinct, narrow, longitudinal possibly they belong to still another undescribed stripe on mesial surface. Basal segment of an­ species. tennule white mottled with orange-brown; rest One male and two females collected near of peduncle orange-brown; flagellum white. An­ Maiwara were each parasitized by a pair of tennal scale and basal segment of peduncle bopyrids, Pseudione sp., in the rig~t gill ch~m­ mostly orange-brown; distal segment pale, with ber. The Pseudione is an undesCrIbed speCIes. a brown longitudinal stripe on each lateral sur­ face; flagellum pale for about half its length, Clibanarius padavensis De Man, 1888 orange-brown in distal half. Chelipeds mottled Fig. 4 dark brown and pale orange; two distinct longi- Clibanarius padavensis De Man, 1888a: 242, tudinal stripes on each movable finger. Tuber­ pI. 16 figs. 1-5; Alcock, 1905: 42, 44, pI. cles?n chelae blue to white. Ground color. of ___Lfig~2j--MGC:ullQGh,-1-9J~. ~4-9,----9~-2+--walklflg-legs-¥,a-le---e1"aflge-to-nearly-whlte;'-----1 Dechance, 1964: 32, text fig. 5. propodus and dactyl with a broad band of ClibanarittS striolatus-McNeill, 1968: 28 white at each end of segment. Merus, carpus, (in part). propodus, and dactyl with longitudinal stripes of dark brown or dark orange-red; in some Material specimens these stripes extend to the ends of Near Maiwara, on mangrove roots above fine the segments, in others they do not cross the mud and on coarse rubble, some in water and white band at either end of the propodus and some out, 26 October 1969, call. E. Ball: four dactyl. 96 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 26, January 1972

Remarks Pagurus globoso-manus Dana, 1851: 271. This species was found living with Cliba­ Clibanarius corallinus?-Dana, 1852: 468; narius aff. longitarsus. The two forms were Dana, 1855: pI. 29 figs. 8 a-e. not distinguished in the field, and no color Clibanarius obeso-manus Dana, 1852: 468. notes were made on live C. padavensis. The Clibanarius corallinus-Alcock, 1905: 43, 48, preceding notes were prepared after the speci­ pI. 5 fig. 1; Balss, 1913: 41, 43, text fig. mens had been preserved in alcohol for 3 29; Fize and Serene, 1955: 77, 132, text months. fig. 20; Lee, 1969: 41, 43. Morphologically our specimens agree with Material Clibanarius padavensis, except that the eyestalks are proportionately shorter and stouter than in­ Lagoon 22 miles north of Maiwara, 10-30 dicated in the published descriptions and illus­ feet, coral or coral rubble, 21 September 1969, trations. This can undoubtedly be explained colI. E. Ball, K. Kirk, and 1. Richards: one by the small size of the New Guinea specimens, male 12.0 mm. the largest of which has a carapace length of Color in Life only 6.7 mm. De Man (1888a: 246) gave a Shield fairly uniform dark brown. Posterior carapace length of 23 mm for a type-specimen, carapace brown with numerous small white and Alcock (1905: 45) cited an individual of 27 mm. Because in hermit crabs the shape of tubercles, arranged in three longitudinal rows. the eyestalks changes with growth, it is of little Eyestalks light brown with a dark brown longi­ value as a taxonomic character except in fully tudinal stripe dorsally; cornea bright blue. An­ tennules brownish orange. Antennae uniform developed individuals (Provenzano and Rice, orange except for basal segment of peduncle, 1966: 61). which is brown. Chelipeds brown, teeth and Several writers have distinguished Clibanarius tubercles white; hairs transparent yellow. Walk­ padavensis from C. striolatus Dana, on the basis of both morphological and color differ­ ing legs mostly uniform brown, with a few ences. McNeill (1968: 28-29) concluded that white spots; hairs transparent yellow. Abdomen the two forms belong to a single, variable brown; white tubercles on calcified areas. species and synonymized them under the name Remarks C. striolatus. This question needs further study; A note on the color of living Clibanaritts for the present we prefer to cite our material corallinus appears in Fize and Serene (1955: under De Man's name, because it agrees with 136) and in Lee (1969: 43). published descriptions of C. padavmsis but not with those of C. striolatttS. Distribution Three specimens collected near Maiwara had From eastern Indian Ocean (Andaman Is­ a sacculinid, Septosaccus melliusi Van Baal, at­ lands, Nicobar Islands, Cocos-Keelings, Christ­ tached to the abdomen. mas Island) to the Line Islands and Tuamotu Distribution Archipelago. New Guinea: no locality specified (H. Milne Edwards, 1848). Bismarck Archi- From east coast of Africa to northeast Aus- 1 tralia and New Caledonia. Southeast coast of pe ago: Wirbelwindriff (= Whirlwind Reefs) (Balss, 1913). ----New-GH-iHea-;-H00d-:Ba-y-(~MEbu1l0Eh,_____1-9-1~3T;------the McNeill, 1968, record of C. striolatus from Clibanarius snelliusi Buitendijk, 1937 New Guinea is probably based on the same ClibanarittS snellittsi Buitendijk, 1937: 259, material) . 267, text figs. 7-9; Fize and Serene, 1955: 76, 128, text fig. 19. Clibanarius corallintts (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) Material Pagurtts corallintts H. Milne Edwards, 1848: Port Moresby, approximately 3 feet, from an 63. area of aquatic grass growing on sand, and/or Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea-BALL AND HAIG 97

from a rocky area with some coral, 17 Decem­ Clibanarius englaucus new species ber 1969, colI. E. Ball: seven males 3.1 to Fig. 5 4.1 mm, one nonovigerous female 2.9 mm, four ovigerous females 3.9 to 6.2 mm, one juvenile. Material Kurum, Karkar Island, 4-10 feet, probably Color in Alcohol on black lava sand, 29 October 1969, call. E. Carapace shield white, with large blotches Ball: one male, holotype (Allan Hancock and streaks of dark brown. Eyescales dark brown Foundation catalog no. 693). across base, white in terminal half. Eyestalks Measttrements olive drab with a few very small white punctae; a narrow white band next to cornea. Antennular Length of carapace 7.5 mm; length of shield peduncles olive drab except for distal half of 3.6 mm; maximum width of shield 3.4 mm. terminal segment, which is bright blue; flagel­ Diagnosis lum yellow. Acicle and proximal segments of Shield nearly as broad as long; chelipeds antennal peduncles mottled olive drab and subequal, less than twice as long as broad; white; distal segment and flagellum orange. dactyl of walking legs shorter than propodus; Chelipeds dark chocolate-brown with many propodus and dactyl of left third pereiopod white spots; spines and teeth white. Ground with outer surface distinctly flattened. Eyestalks color of walking legs dark chocolate-brown. orange, with a broad brown longitudinal stripe; Merus with white spots on outer surface; in proximal segments of antennular peduncle some specimens these are run together to form brown, distal segment blue, flagellum orange; a median longitudinal stripe. Carpus and prop­ antennae orange; no longitudinal stripes on odus with white spots, those along median carapace or che1ipeds; merus, carpus, and portion of outer surface coalesced to form a propodus of walking legs dark brown, latter broad longitudinal stripe, white with a bluish article with a white patch distally; dactyl with tinge. Dactyl with a broad, bluish longitudinal a broad white band proximally, a narrower one stripe; a few small white spots near dorsal distally, median portion of outer and inner sur­ margin. faces blue, dorsal and ventral margins brown except in proximal white area. Remarks The color in life as noted by Fize and Serene Description (1955: 130) differs in a few details from that Carapace smooth, punctate. Shield sub­ found in the New Guinea material after 3 quadrate, only slightly longer than broad. Ros­ months' preservation in alcohol. In living speci- trum triangular, a little in advance of lateral mens the carapace shield is dark blue-green, projections. Anterolateral corners rounded. Eye­ with yellow spots; the spots on the chelipeds scales approximated at base, inner margins con­ and walking legs are yellow; and the median vex; anterior margin with five teeth decreasing longitudinal stripe on the dactyl of pereiopods in size outwards, the outer three minute. Eye­ 2 and 3 is brilliant blue. stalks shorter than frontal margin. Antennular According to Fize and Serene (p. 130), the and antennal peduncles, when fully extended, outer surface of the propodus of the third falling just short of end of corneas. Acicle with -pefeitlp(')d--1s-eonvex~In-our-specimerrs-the-outer--a-few blunt spmes, obscured by setae and ex­ side of the propodus of the left third pereiopod tending no farther than base of terminal seg­ is distinctly flattened. ment of antennal peduncle. Long setae on lateral margins of shield, acicles, and antennal pedun­ Distribution cles except for terminal segment; a few short Reported only from Vietnam and from Flores setae on anterior margin of eyescales and inner in the East Indian Archipelago. The known side of eyestalks. range of the species is now extended eastward Chelipeds subequal. Merus with two spini­ to southeast New Guinea. form teeth, directed anteriorly, at lower distal 98 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volwl1e 26, January 1972 I

v"" b o , o '.

," . . .e t f , " r ( r ( ! ,

FIG. S. Clibanarius englaucus, n. sp. Holotype. a, Anterior carapace and appendages; b, carpus and chela of left cheliped, upper surface; c, same, outer surface; d, propodus and dactyl of left third pereiopod, inner surface; e, left third pereiopod, outer surface. Scales of a-c =1 mm; scales of d and e =2 mm. corner of outer surface, and with a row of distal margin. Chelae rather stout, less than seven or eight small conical tubercles along twice as long as broad; upper surface of palm lower margin of inner surface. Upper margin covered with conical tubercles each with a corne­ of carpus with a blunt tooth distally; outer sur­ ous tip, the largest of these tubercles being the face with a few small pointed tubercles on most distal of a row of five along inner margin, Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea-BALL AND HAlG 99

one at articulation with carpus, and a few at corneous tip. Merus and carpus of walking legs base of fixed finger; outer surface with a few dark purple-brown with scattered small white small, flattened, scalelike tubercles, inner surface spots. Propodus same except at distal end, which nearly smooth. Upper and outer surfaces of has an irregular white patch tinged with blue. fingers with prominent corneous-tipped tuber­ Lateral surfaces of dactyl white with a broad, cles, larger than most of those on palm; on median blue band; distal two-thirds to three­ outer surface of fixed finger these arranged in fourths of upper and lower margins each with three more or less regular, longitudinal rows. a broad, purple-brown longitudinal stripe which Both fingers strongly toothed on cutting edge. tends to obscure the ringlike form of the median All articles of chelipeds with tufts of long and blue area, especially on the outer surface of the short setae, most prominent along upper and article (Fig. 5e). The blue band is particularly lower margins. distinct on the inner surface of the dactyl of Merus of walking legs unarmed on upper the third pereiopods, where the marginal brown margin. Carpus with a spinule at distal end of streaks scarcely show and the distal white area upper margin. Dactyl distinctly shorter than is broader (Fig. 5d). The marginal streaks propodus, its lower margin with a row of do not extend onto the broad, proximal white minute spiniform hairs. Propodus and dactyl band, and that area (together with the white of second pereiopods and of right third pereio­ patch at the distal end of the propodus) forms pod somewhat convex on outer surface; on left the most distinctive marking on the walking third pereiopod, those articles distinctly flat­ legs, contrasting sharply with the dark coloration tened on outer surface which is margined dor­ of the more proximal articles. sally by a sharp ridge. All walking legs with tufts of long setae, especially along upper and Remarks lower margins. Among Indo-West-Pacific species, Clibanarius Color in Life englauctts is perhaps most closely related to C. boschmai Buitendijk, C. merguiensis De Man, Shield mottled pale gray-green and white. C. pacificus Stimpson, and C. ransoni Forest. Eyestalks brown with hints of orange; a narrow These forms share with C. englaucus the follow­ blue band next to cornea, which is black ing combination of characters: the chelipeds are speckled with white. Proximal segments of subequal; the dactyl of the walking legs is antennular peduncle brown; distal segment deep shorter than the propodus; there are no longi­ blue; flagellum orange. Antennae reddish or­ tudinal stripes on the carapace and chelipeds; ange. Ground color of chelipeds dark brown; and there is a pale area at the distal end of the teeth and tubercles white. Merus and carpus propodus of the walking legs, while the pattern of walking legs uniform brownish black ex­ of those legs, in general, takes the form of cept for scattered small white spots. Propodus transverse bands rather than prominent pale brownish black, with an irregular white patch spots or dark longitudinal stripes. Morphological at distal end. Dactyl white with a broad median comparisons are difficult to make as long as only blue band; claw black. Abdomen transparent. one specimen is available; but the new species Color in Alcohol (additional observations made may be readily distinguished from its relatives after the sEecimen had been E'!'re~s~e!.'rv""e~d,--f!.\o,!!r~t!!h!!rs:'ee,,--_b=.,y'--.:...it=s~c::::o=lo=.:r=a:.:::ti=o:.:::n~. ------:---- 1 months) The color of live Clibanarius boschmai is un- Eyescales dark orange with anterior margin known. Its color in preservative resembles that white. Eyestalks orange with a broad, dusky of C. englattcus in that there is some blue on stripe dorsally. Ground color of chelipeds dark the dactyl of the walking legs and a brown streak orange; teeth and tubercles white. Fingers dark on the dorsal and ventral margins of that article, purple on outer and upper surfaces, with bluish but it differs from our species in having a longi­ tints on upper surface toward cutting edges; tudinal brown stripe on each lateral surface of pale yellow-orange distally, next to the dark the dactyl and a pale ring at the proximal, 100 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volwne 26, January 1972

as well as distal, end of the propodus (Buiten­ Caleinus laevimanus-Rathbun in Stimpson, dijk, 1937: 261, text figs. 10-12). 1907: 208 (footnote); Miyake, 1956: In Clibanarius merguiensis the pale distal 323, text figs. 14, 15. propodal band is much broader on the third Caleinus herbsti-Fize and Serene, 1955: 40, pair of pereiopods than on the second (De Man, 41, pI. 2 figs. 1-4, text fig. 6. 1888a: 250; Forest, 1953: 448, text fig. 7), and the color of live specimens differs in many re­ Material spects from that of C. englatleus (Fize and Lagoon 22 miles north of Maiwara, 0-2 Serene, 1955: 148). feet, broken coral rubble, 21 September 1969, Clibanarius paeifieus was described as being colI. E. Ball, K. Kirk, and 1. Richards: three "... of a very dark bluish-olive color; ambula­ males 6.4 to 13.1 mm, four females 7.0 to tory feet bright yellow; fingers of the hand red" 10.5 mm; Wongat Island, near Madang, 1 (Stimpson, 1907: 211). Stimpson did not spec­ November 1969, coIl. J. Womersley: one male ify whether this color was of live or preserved 13.3 mm. material, but in either case it does not agree with what is known of C. englaucus. Balss Color in Life (1913: 43) believed C. paeifieus to be identical Carapace pale gray-green. Eyestalks pale with C. merguiensis. blue in proximal and orange in distal half; Clibanarius englaueus may be closest morpho­ cornea silver. Antennular peduncles blue, with logically to C. ransoni, but in the latter species an orange band across articulation of the two the live coloration and color pattern are strik­ distal segments; flagellum orange. Basal seg­ ingly different (Forest, 1953: 446, text figs. ment and scale of antennal peduncles brown; 2, 6; Fize and Serene, 1955: 151-154, text distal segments and flagellum bright orange. fig. 23). Merus and carpus of large cheliped dark gray; Clibanarius vireseens (Krauss) and C. nathi outer surface of chela dark gray and white, Chopra & Das lack a pale band at the distal the amount of white varying greatly: in some end of the propodus of the walking legs, but specimens it is confined to the tips of the resemble C. englaueus in having the dactyl fingers, in others it covers all but a small pale with a darker median ring. The live colora­ dorsoproximal area of the palm. Small cheliped tion of C. vireseens was discussed by several dark gray, fingers white at tips and along cutting writers, notably Fize and Serene (1955: 142­ edges. Merus, carpus, and propodus of walking 143); it is quite unlike that of C. englaueus. legs light brown; merus with a submedian Only the color in preservative has been de­ longitudinal dark brown stripe, carpus with scribed for C. nathi (Chopra and Das, 1940: one submedian and one ventral stripe. Dactyl 145, text figs. 1, 2) and it differs in several white with a subdistal dark brown ring and details from the color pattern of preserved C. with a small dark brown spot on proximal half englaucus. of outer surface. Abdomen gray-brown. Derivation of Name Remarks Greek egglaukos, bluish, in reference to the The distinctive color pattern of this species, color of the dactyls. as it occurs in both live and preserved speci- ----CalcinuJ-lae-vimanUJ-tRandaU,-18~9_j-----mens,-has-been- notecLby-many_writers,-among __ Pagurus laevimanus Randall, 1839: 135. them De Man (1888b), Alcock (1905), Pagurus lividus H. Milne Edwards, 1848: Forest (1951), Fize and Serene (1955), and 63. Miyake (1956). Caleinus tibieen-Dana, 1852: 457. Not C. The 10.5-mm female specimen from 22 tibieen (Herbst, 1791). miles north of Maiwara had a pair of bopyrids Caleinus herbstii De Man, 1888b: 437; Al- attached to the abdomen. They have been cock, 1905: 53, pI. 5 fig. 4; Balss, 1913: identified as Parathelges weberi Nierstrasz & 44; Forest, 1951: 89, text figs. 2, 5, 6, 9. Brender a Brandis. Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea-BALL AND HAIG 101

Distribution paler mottlings. Abdomen pale with a few pale From the east coast of Africa to the Hawai­ red and white spots. ian Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago. Bis­ Remarks marck Archipelago: Wirbelwindriff ( = Whirl­ wind Reefs) (Balss, 1913). The coloration of this species 10 life was described in considerable detail by Fize and gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) Serene (1955: 50-52) and more briefly by Pagurus gaimardii H. Milne Edwards, 1848: Miyake (1956: 328) and Lee (1969: 55). 63. A commensal yellow flatworm was living in Calcintts gaimardii-Dana, 1852: 457; Dana, the shell with one specimen collected 22 miles 1855: pI. 28 fig. 9; Alcock, 1905: 53, 56, north of Maiwara. Unfortunately it was lost pI. 5 fig. 3. and its identity is not known. Calcinus gaimardi-Fize and Serene, 1955: 40, 49, pI. 2 figs. 5-8, text figs. 7, 8; Distribution Miyake, 1956: 326, text figs. 16, 17; Lee, From east coast of Africa to Hawaiian and 1969: 53, 54, text fig. 11. Society islands. Not reported from eastern New Guinea. Material Lagoon 22 miles north of Maiwara, 0-2 Calcinus latens (Randall, 1839) feet, broken coral rubble, 21 September 1969, PaguYtts latens Randall, 1839: 135. colI. E. Ball, K. Kirk, and 1. Richards: three Pagurus cristimanus H. Milne Edwards, females 9.4 to 12.4 mm; large lagoon about 1848: 64. 35 miles north of Maiwara, 4 feet, from a Calcinus latens-Dana, 1852: 459; Dana, large lump of dead coral on bottom of fine 1855: pI. 28 fig. 11; Alcock, 1905: 53, sand and mud, 19 October 1969, call. E. Ball: 58, pI. 5 fig. 5; Forest, 1951: 94, text figs. one male 7.5 mm; off Kurum, Karkar Is­ 14-18; Fize and Serene, 1955: 40, 58, pI. 2 land, 5-10 feet, coral rubble, 29 October 1969, figs. 9-11, text fig. 9; Miyake, 1956: 331, colI. E. Ball: one male 16.5 mm, two females text figs. 20, 21; Lee, 1969: 53, 55, text 8.5 and 8.9 mm; Port Moresby, just inside fig. 12. the outer reef, 3-8 feet, mostly coral rubble, Calcinus intermedius De Man, 1881: 102. 17 December 1969, colI. E. Ball: three males Calcinus terrae-reginae Haswell, 1882: 760; 3.9 to 13.5 mm, one female 7.2 mm. Alcock, 1905: 53, 57, pI. 5 fig. 7; Miyake, 1956: 328, text figs. 18, 19. Color in Life Carapace shield gray with tones of pink; Material cardiac area reddish, rest of posterior carapace Inside Sek Island, 5-10 feet, on fine coral pale green. Proximal portion of eyestalks light rubble between extensive growths of living yellow-brown on lateral surfaces and dark coral, 4 October 1969, colI. E. Ball and R. brown dorsally, distal portion blue; in some Lynch: one juvenile; inside middle of Sek specimens the blue color occupies nearly half Island, approximately 4 feet, on fine rubble the stalk, in others it is restricted to a broad among extensive areas of live coral, 14 Octo- _band-nexUo-l:he--comea~Cotnea-bla('k-Qr-blaGk-b€-r-1-9a9,€0l-l~aI-l-;-0ue-male-5+mm;-largee------1 ish silver. Antennular peduncles olive drab, lagoon approximately 35 miles north of Mai- distal segment slightly greener; flagellum bright wara, approximately 3 feet, on large rocks and orange. Basal segment of antennal peduncles dead coral on bottom of muddy sand, 19 Octo- brownish; other segments and flagellum bright ber 1969, colI. E. Ball: 10 males 4.0 to 9.9 mm, orange. Chelipeds reddish purple, shading more one nonovigerous female 4.1 mm, one oviger- toward red on chelae; fingers white at tips and ous female 5.9 mm; Kurum, Karkar Island, along cutting edges. Walking legs reddish pur- 3-10 feet, on coral rubble and on coarse black pIe or deep brown, sometimes with scattered lava sand, 29 October 1969, colI. E. Ball: 102 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 26, January 1972

eight males 3.3 to 9.2 mm, one nonovigerous Color in Life female 3.2 mm, one ovigerous female 3.2 mm; Carapace shield white; posterior carapace Port Moresby, 3-8 feet on mostly coral rubble bluish purple, with white on calcified areas. bottom, approximately 3 feet from an area of Eyescales black; stalks pure white; cornea black aquatic grass growing on sand, and approxi­ with white spots. Antennular peduncles green­ mately 3 feet from a rocky area with some ish black proximally, distal two-thirds of the coral, 17 December 1969, colI. E. Ball: 19 terminal segment white; flagellum with brown­ males 5.0 to 12.0 rom, five nonovigerous fe­ ish rings. Basal segments of antennal peduncles males 4.4 to 9.1 mm, six ovigerous females black; terminal segment and flagellum trans­ 5.0 to 11.0 mm. parent gray. Chelipeds almost entirely white; merus, carpus, and chela each with a small Color in Life brown spot on mesial surface. Merus, carpus, Carapace uniform gray-green with white and most of propodus of walking legs white spots. Eyestalks uniform brownish purple; with scattered brown punctae; dactyl and dis­ cornea black with white flecks. Antennular tal part of propodus intense orange. Fourth and peduncles light blue, with a patch of dark fifth pereiopods white with brown punctae. green at the proximal end of each segment; Abdomen with shades of brown to purple. flagellum orange. Proximal segments of anten­ nal peduncles dark green, distal segment green­ Remarks ish yellow; flagellum transparent yellow. Cheli­ The color of this species in life was pre­ peds gray-green; fingers white. Merus and viously noted by Forest (1958: 188). carpus of walking legs gray-green with white spots; propodus with pale shades of purple Distribution and green; dactyl white, with a broad purple Reported only from Vietnam and the eastern band at proximal end. Abdomen semitrans­ part of the East Indian Archipelago (Timor; parent gray-green; white spots on calcified Obi; Talaud Islands). The known range is now areas. extended eastward to northeast New Guinea.

Remarks Pagurtstes sp. Fize and Serene (1955: 60, 64) discussed at some length the color of this species in life Material with its variations. Briefer notes on the color Inside Sek Island, 5-10 feet, on fine coral in life were provided by Dana (1852: 459), rubble between extensive growths of living Miyake (1956: 330, 331), and Lee (1969: coral, 4 October 1969, call. E. Ball and R. 56) . Lynch: one female 3.0 mm.

Distribution Remarks From Red Sea and east coast of Africa to The specimen is soft-shelled and in poor Hawaiian and Gambier islands. Not reported condition, and only a few characters could be from eastern New Guinea. made out. The rostrum is broad and triangular, prominent but not extending beyond the base ------'Gak-inuJ--mintltuJ-J?>Hitetld-i-j-k,--l-9~1------Qf-the_e_yesGales...--Xhe-eyescales-are-triangulal:.---- Calcinus minutus Buitendijk, 1937: 269, with a prominent terminal spine. The antennal text figs. 13-15; Forest, 1958: 185, text flagella are shorter than the carapace. There are figs. 1, 6--8, 14, 18. abundant plumose hairs on the carapace and pereiopods. Material Apparently the only recorded from Off Kurum, Karkar Island, 4-10 feet, on New Guinea is P. setoStlS (ll. Milne Edwards), coral rubble, 29 October 1969, colI. E. Ball: which has not been adequately described. In one female 5.9 mm. view of its condition, our specimen probably Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea-BALL AND HAIG 103

could not be definitely identified with or ex­ ently not as far eastward as the border of cluded from P. setosus even by direct com­ Territory of New Guinea. parison with type-material of that species. Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, 1858. Southeast coast of New Guinea: locality not specified (Ortmann, 1894: 33, as Coenobita compres­ sus). Bismarck Archipelago: Palakuvur, New Pagurus (Pagurixus) sp. Britain (Borradaile, 1900: 396, 425, as Coenobita compressus); Carteret Bay, New Material Ireland (Studer, 1889: 245, as Coenobita Large lagoon about 35 miles north of compressus) . Maiwara, to 25 feet, on sandy mud among Coenobita sp. Bismarck Archipelago: New alcyonarians and corals, 19 October 1969, colI. Hanover ( = Lavongai); Carteret Bay, New E. Ball: one female approximately 2.4 mm. Ireland (Studer, 1889: 240, 245, as Coen­ obita diogenes). C. diogenes is an Atlantic Remarks species; the identity of the material on which This species was collected with juvenile the present record is based is unknown. Dardamts lagopodes and three species of Di­ ogenes. It does not agree completely with the DIOGENIDAE descriptions of any of the species of the Pagurixus group in genus Pagurus; but because (Herbst, 1804). North­ of the limited nature of the material it does east coast of New Guinea: , not seem advisable to attempt a definition at Berlinhafen (= Aitape) (Nobili, 1905: this time. All of the species belonging to 483, as Pagurus spinimanus. Bismarck Archi­ Pagurixus-Pagurus laevimanus (Ortmann), P. pelago: Anchoreten (= Hermit Islands) maorus (Nobili), P. boninensis (Melin), P. (Studer, 1889: 235, as Pagurus punctula­ anceps (Forest), P. tweediei (Forest), and a tus); Duke of York Island (Miers, 1877: form believed to be new but not assigned a 138, as Pagurus punctulatus). name (Dechance, 1964: 37)-are known from Dardantts setiter (H. Milne Edwards, 1836). one or a few specimens only, and not a great New Guinea: Conflict Group, Louisiade deal is known about the group as a whole. Archipelago (Borradaile, 1900: 396, 425, as Pagurus setiter). Dardanus gemmatus (H. Milne Edwards, A CHECKLIST OF OTHER PAGURIDS 1848). Bismark Archipelago: New Britain REPORTED FROM THE TERRITORY (Borradaile, 1900: 396, 424, as Pagurus OF PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA gemmatus). COENOBITIDAE Dardanus dearmatus (Henderson, 1888). Bis­ marck Archipelago: Admiralty Islands, 16- Birgus latro (Linnaeus, 1767). Bismarck Archi- 25 fathoms (Henderson, 1888: 58, as pelago: (Reyne, 1939: 312). Pagurus dearmattts). Reyne also cited an earlier record from Purdy Dardanus pedttnculattts (Herbst, 1804). Bis­ Islands. Regarding the occurrence of the marck Archipelago: Blanche Bay, New Brit- specIes 10 eastern New Guinea, he haa---C-n-C:-o--~al--:::n-7'(Bn::-or::-CrC:-a-id~ai"le~,~1;-;9~Oo-;.O;-:~3~9::-::6;',~a---=s:"":"':'P~a-g ---1 data but wrote ". .. it is almost certain asper). For a recent discussion of the syn- that Birgus occurs along the N. coast, as onymy of this species see Lewinsohn (1969: it is generally distributed along the N. coast 29). of Dutch New Guinea." However, the latter (H. Milne Edwards, 1836). part of this statement was disputed by Bismarck Archipelago: New Ireland (H. Holthuis (1959: 305), who presented evi- Milne Edwards, 1836: 278, as Pagurus dence that along the northwest coast Birgus elegans). occurs only on offshore islands, and appar- Pagttristes setosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848). 104 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 26, January 1972

New Guinea: locality not specified (H. Milne der mathematisch-physikalischen Klasse der Edwards, 1848: 64, as Pagttrus setosus). This kaiserlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wis­ may have been collected in western New senschaften, Miinchen, suppl., vol. 2, part Guinea. 9, 85 pp., 2 pIs. BORRADAILE, L. A. 1900. On the Stomatopoda and Macrura brought by Dr Willey from the PAGURIDAE South Seas. Zoological results based on mate­ Spiropagurus spiriger (De Haan, 1849). Bis­ rial from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty marck Archipelago: Admiralty Islands, 16­ Islands and elsewhere, collected ... by 25 fathoms (Henderson, 1888: 72). Arthur Willey ..., part 4, pp. 395-428, pIs. 36-39. University Press, Cambridge. BUITENDI]K, ALIDA M. 1937. Biological results ACKNOWLEDGMENTS of the Snellius Expedition. IV. The Pagu­ We wish to thank members of the Alpha ridea of the Snellius Expedition. Temmin­ Helix Expedition who assisted in obtaining her­ ckia, vol. 2, pp. 251-280. mit crabs. Most of the collecting in the Port CHOPRA, B., and K. N. DAS. 1940. Further Moresby area was made possible through the notes on Crustacea in the Indian courtesy of Winston Filewood, head fisheries Museum. X. On two species of hermit crabs biologist for the Territory of Papua and New from Karachi. Records of the Indian Mu­ Guinea, and his staff. seum, vol. 42, pp. 145-153. To Miss Elizabeth Pope, Australian Museum, COWLES, R. P. 1919. Habits of tropical Crus­ Sydney, we are indebted for the loan of three tacea. III. Habits and reactions of hermit types of Diogenes pallescens Whitelegge. crabs associated with sea anemones. Philip­ We are also pleased to acknowledge the help pine Journal of Science, vol. 15, pp. 81-89, of those specialists who identified organisms pI. 1. associated with the hermit crabs: Dr. Charles E. --- 1920. The transplanting of sea anem­ Cutress, University of Puerto Rico (sea ane­ ones by hermit crabs. Proceedings of the mones), Dr. James H. McLean, Los Angeles National Academy of Sciences, Washington, County Museum of Natural History (mol­ vol. 6, pp. 40-42. luscs), Dr. Michael Costa, Kibbutz Mishmar CUTRESS, C. E., and D. M. Ross. 1969. The Haemek, Israel (mites) , Dr. H. Boschma, sea anemone Calliactis tricolor and its asso­ Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, ciation with the hermit crab Dardanus veno­ Netherlands (Rhizocephala), Dr. Charles G. sus. Journal of Zoology (Proceedings of the Danforth, Los Angeles (epicarid isopods), and Zoological Society of London), vol. 158, Dr. Milton A. Miller, University of California pp. 225-241, pI. 1. at Davis (flabelliferan isopods). Some of this DANA, J. D. 1851. Conspectus Crustaceorum material is of considerable interest and will be quae in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione, reported upon elsewhere by the specialists con­ Carolo Wilkes e classe Reipublicae Foedera­ cerned. tae duce, lexit et descripsit. Paguridea. Pro­ ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences ______of Philadelphia, vol. 5, pp. 267-272. hI.+E-R-A+1JRE-ClXEDI--- -. lE52-:--erostace-a-:-trn-rted--States-E~ ALCOCK, A. 1905. Catalogue of the Indian ploring Expedition during the years 1838, decapod Crustacea in the collection of the 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 ... , vol. 13, part Indian Museum. Part II. . Fasciculus 1, pp. 1-685. Philadelphia. I. Pagurides. Indian Museum, Calcutta. xi --'- 1855. Crustacea, Atlas.' United States + 197 pp., 16 pIs. Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, BALSS, H. 1913. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 ... , vol. 14, 27 Ostasiens. Ostasiatische Decapoden I. Die pp., 96 pIs. Philadelphia. Galatheiden und Paguriden. Abhandlungen DECHANc:E, MICHELE. 1964. Sur une collection Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea-BALL AND HAIG 105

de Crustaces Pagllrides de Madagascaret des Pty. Ltd., Sydney. xiii + 209 pp., 2 frontis., Comores. Cahiers O.R.S.T.O.M., Serie Oce- 168 pIs. anographie, vol, 2, pp. 27-45. HAAN, W. DE. 1849. Crustacea, fase. 7, EDMONDSON, C. H. 1925. Marine zoology of pp. 197-243, pIs. 49, 50, O-Q. In: P. F. von tropical Central Pacific. Crustacea. Bulletin Siebold [ed.], Fauna Japonica. Lugduni Ba- of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, no. 27, tavorwll. pp. 3-62. HASWELL, W. A. 1882. Description of some FIZE, A., and R. SERENE. 1955. Les Pagures new species of Australian Decapoda. Pro- du Vietnam. Institut Oceanographique, ceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Nhatrang, note 45, ix + 228 pp., 6 pIs. Wales, vol, 6, pp. 750-763. FOREST, J. 1951. Remarques sur quelques HELLER, C. 1861a. Synopsis der im Rothen Paguridae du genre Calcinus a propos de la Meere vorkommenden Crustaceen. Verhand- description de deux especes nouvelles de lungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch- Polynesie orientale: Calcintts seurati et botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol, 11, Calcinus spicattts. Bulletin de la Societe pp. 3-32. Zoologique de France, vol. 76, pp. 83-99. --- 1861b. Beitrage zur Crustaceen-Fauna --- 1952a. Sur Trizopagurtls caparti gen. des Rothen Meeres. Zweiter Theil. Sitzungs- et sp. nov., Paguride de la cote occidentale berichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaft- d'Afrique. Bulletin Institut Royal des Sci- lichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der ences Naturelles de Belgique, vol. 28, part Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 44, part 1, pp. 39, 8 pp. 241-295, pIs. 1-3. --- 1952b. Contributions a la revision des HENDERSON, J. R. 1888. Report on the An- Crustaces Paguridae. I. Le genre Trizopa- omura collected by H. M. S. Challenger dur- gurus. Memoires du Museum National ing the years 1873-76. Report on the scien- d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, n. ser., ser. A, tific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Chal- Zoologie, vol. 5, fasc. 1, pp. 1-40. lenger during the years 1873-76 ... , Zool- --- 1953. Crustaces decapodes marcheurs ogy, vol, 27, xi + 221 pp., 21 pIs. London, des iles de Tahiti et des Tuamotu. I. Edinburgh, and Dublin. Paguridea. Bulletin du Museum National HERBST, J. F. W. 1791. Versuch einer Naturge- d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, ser. 2, vol. 25, schichte der Krabben und Krebse nebst einer pp. 441-450. systematischen Beschreibung ihrer verschie- --- 1957. Les Pagures du Viet-Nam. I. Le denen Arten, vol, 2, pp. 1-48, pIs. 22-25. genre Diogenes Dana. Bulletin du Museum Berlin and Stralsund. National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, ser. 2, --- 1804. Versuch einer Naturgeschichte vol, 28, pp. 524-532. der Krabben und Krebse nebst einer sys- --- 1958. Les Pagures du Viet-Nam. II. Sur tematischen Beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen quelques especes du genre Calcinus Dana. Arten, vol, 3, part 4, pp. 1-49, pIs. 59-62. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Berlin and Stralsund. Naturelle, Paris, ser. 2, vol, 30, pp. 184-190. HILGENDORF, F. 1879. Die von Hrn. W. Peters FORSKAL, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium in Moc;ambique gesammelten Crustaceen. avium, piscium, amphibiorum, insectorum, Monatsberichte der koniglich preussischen -vermillm~qllae--in--itinere-orientali-observavit---Akaclemie-der-Wissensehaften-zll-Berliu-{for------J .... Copenhagen. 19 + xxxii + 164 pp. 1878), pp. 782-850, pIs. 1-3. [Not seen.] HOLTHUIS, 1. B. 1954. On a collection of dec- GILLETT, K., and F. McNEILL. 1959. The Great apod Crustacea from the republic of EI Sal- Barrier Reef and adjacent isles. Coral Press vador (Central America). Zoologische Ver- Pty. Ltd., Sydney. xiv + 194 pp., frontis., handelingen, Leiden, no. 23, 43 pp., 2 pIs. 161 pIs. --- 1959. Contributions to New Guinea --- 1967. The Great Barrier Reef and ad- carcinology. III. The occurrence of Birgus jacent isles. 3d revised edition. Coral Press latro (1.) in Netherlands New Guinea 106 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 26, January 1972

(Crustacea Decapoda, Paguridea). Nova --- 1837. Histoire naturelle des Crustaces, Guinea, n. ser., vol. 10, pp. 303-310, pIs. comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la 9~12. classification de ces animaux, vol. 2, 531 pp. LEE, S.-c. 1969. Anomuran of Paris. Taiwan. Part I. Diogenidae. Bulletin of the --- 1848. Note sur quelques nouvelles es- Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, vol. peces du genre PAGURE. Annales des sci- 8, pp. 39-57. ences natureHes, ser. 3, Zoologie, vol. 10, LEWINSOHN, Ch. 1969. Die Anomuren des pp. 59-64. Roten Meeres (Crustacea Decapoda: Pagu- MIYAKE, S. 1956. Invertebrate fauna of the in- ridea, Galatheidea, Hippidea). Zoologische tertidal zone of the Tokara Islands. XIII. Verhandelingen, Leiden, no. 104, 213 pp., Anomura. Publications of the Seto Marine 2 pIs., 3 maps. Biological Laboratory, vol. 5, pp. 303-337. LINNAEUS, C. 1767. Systema naturae per regna NOBILl, G. 1899. Contribuzioni aHa conoscenza tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, della fauna carcinologica della Papuasia, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, delle Molucche e dell' Australia. Annali del synonymis, locis. Ed. 12, vol. 1, part 2, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, pp. 553-1327. Stockholm. ser. 2a, vol. 20, pp. 230-282. MCCULLOCH, A. R. 1913. Studies in Australian 1905. Decapodi e Isopodi della Nuova Crustacea. No.3. Records of the Australian Guinea Tedesca raccolti dal Sign. 1. Biro. Museum, vol. 9, pp. 321-353, pIs. 10-11. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis McNEILL, F. A. 1968. Crustacea, Decapoda & Hungarici, vol. 3, pp. 480-507, pIs. 12-13. Stomatopoda. Scientific Reports of the Great ORTMANN, A. 1892. Die Decapoden-Krebse Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-29, vol. 7, des Strassburger Museums .... IV. Theil. part 1, 98 pp., 2 pIs. British Museum (Nat- Die Abtheilungen Galatheidea und Paguri- ural History), London. dea. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Abtheilung fiir MAN, J. G. DE. 1881. On a new collection of Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der podophthalmous Crustacea, presented by Mr. Thiere, vol. 6, pp. 241-326, pIs. 11-12. J. A. Kruyt, collected in the Red Sea near 1894. Zoologische Forschungsreisen in the town of Djeddah. Notes from the Leyden Australien und dem Malayischen Archipel. .. Museum, vol. 3, pp. 93-107. ausgefiihrt in den Jahren 1891-1893 von Dr. --- 1888a. Report on the podophthalmous Richard Semon... Crustaceen. Denkschrif- Crustacea of the Mergui Archipelago, col- ten der medicinisch-naturwissenschaftlichen lected .... by Dr. John Anderson... Part V. Gesellschaft zu Jena, vol. 8, pp. 3-80, pIs. Journal of the Linnean Society, London, 1-3. Zoology, vol. 22, pp. 241-305, pIs. 16-19. PAULSON, O. M. 1875. Izsledovanija rakoo- --- 1888b. Bericht iiber die von Herrn Dr. braznykh Krasnago Morja s zametkami J. Brock im Indischen Archipel gesammelten otnositel'no rakoobraznykh drugikh morei. Decapoden und Stomatopoden. Archiv fiir Kiev, xiv + 144 pp., 21 pIs. Naturgeschichte, vol. 53, part 1, pp. 215- PROVENZANO, A. J., Jr., and A. 1. RICE. 1966. 600, pIs. 7-22, 22a.. Juvenile morphology and the development MIERS, E. J. 1877. On a collection of ~~u~ta_-__oLtaxonomic-characters~a:g1l1'i.£kssericeus cea made by the Rev. G. Brown~ C~.Z.S., A. Milne-Edwards (Decapoda, Diogenidae). on Duke-of-York Island. Proceedmgs of the ClIO 53 69 .. rustaceana, vo . ,pp. -. ZoologIcal SOCIety of London, 1877, pp. 133- QUOY, J. R. c., and J. P. GAIMARD. 1824. 139. . d d ' MILNE EDWARDS H. 1836. Observations zool- Zooiogle. Voyage autour , u m~n e... ex:- ogIques.sur 1es ' Pagures e t descnp . t'IOn d'un cute sur les corvettes... 1Urame et la PhySI-19 nouveau genre de la tribu des Paguriens. cienne, pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1.8 , Annales des sciences naturelles, ser. 2, vol. et 1820... , vol. 3, 712 pp., 96 pIs. Pans. 6, pp. 257-288, pIs. 13-14. RANDALL, J. W. 1839. Catalogue of the Crus- Hermit Crabs from Eastern New Guinea-BALL AND HAIG 107

tacea brought by Thomas Nuttall and J. K. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. Townsend, from the west coast of North 49, art. 3, 240 pp., 26 pIs. America and the Sandwich Islands .... STUDER, TH. [ed.]. 1889. Zoologie und Geolo­ Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences gie. Die Forschungsreise S.M.S. "Gazelle" of Philadelphia, vol. 8, pp. 106-147, pIs. in den Jahren 1874 bis 1876... , vol. 3, vi 3-7. + 322 pp., 33 pIs. Berlin. RATHBUN, MARY J. 1910. Decapod crustaceans TERAO, A. 1913. A catalogue of hermit-crabs collected in Dutch East India and elsewhere found in Japan (Paguridea excluding Litho­ by Mr. Thomas Barbour in 1906-1907. Bul­ didae), with descriptions of four new species. letin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, vol. 8, Harvard, vol. 52, pp. 305-317, pIs. 1-6. pp. 355-391. REYNE, A. 1939. On the food habits of the WHITE, A. 1847a. List of the specimens of (Birgus latro L.), with notes on Crustacea in the collection of the British its distribution. Archives Neerlandaises de Museum. London. viii + 143 pp. Zoologie, vol. 3, pp. 283-320. --- 1847b. Descriptions of new or little­ STIMPSON, W. 1858. Prodromus descriptionis known Crustacea in the collection at the Brit­ animalium evertebratorum .... VII. Crusta­ ish Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological cea Anomura. Proceedings of the Academy of Society of London, part 15, pp. 118-126. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 10, WHITE LEGGE, T. 1897. The atoll of Funafuti, pp. 225-252. Ellice Group: its zoology, botany, ethnology, --- 1907. Report on the Crustacea (Brach­ and general structure .... VI. The Crustacea. yura and Anomura) collected by the North Australian Museum, memoir 3, pp. 127­ Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856. 151, pIs. 6-7.