Washington and Damascus: Between Confrontation and Cooperation
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H. Con. Res. 441
IV 110TH CONGRESS 2D SESSION H. CON. RES. 441 Recognizing the threat that the spread of radical Islamist terrorism and Iranian adventurism in Africa poses to the United States, our allies, and interests. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SEPTEMBER 29, 2008 Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN (for herself, Mr. BURTON of Indiana, Mr. ROYCE, Mr. CHABOT, Mr. FORTUN˜O, and Mr. PENCE) submitted the following concur- rent resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs CONCURRENT RESOLUTION Recognizing the threat that the spread of radical Islamist terrorism and Iranian adventurism in Africa poses to the United States, our allies, and interests. Whereas nearly 500,000,000 Muslims live in Africa, and Islam reportedly is the fastest growing religion on the continent; Whereas according to the World Bank, Africa hosts the world’s largest proportion of people living on less than $1 per day; Whereas despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of Muslims in Africa practice moderate and tolerant forms of Islam, poverty, corruption, and political marginalization have facilitated the spread of radicalism VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:00 Sep 30, 2008 Jkt 069200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\HC441.IH HC441 smartinez on PROD1PC64 with BILLS 2 in a number in areas in Africa, particularly among grow- ing populations of impoverished and disaffected youth; Whereas the spread of radical Islam undermines the histori- cally moderate influence of Islam in Africa, exacerbates existing political and religious tensions within African na- tions, provides -
How Over-Compliance Limits Humanitarian Work on Syria Challenges of Fund Transfer for Non-Profit Organizations Working on Syria
Invisible Sanctions: How over-compliance limits humanitarian work on Syria Challenges of Fund Transfer for Non-Profit Organizations Working on Syria 1 Invisible Sanctions: How over-compliance limits humanitarian work on Syria Challenges of Fund Transfer for Non-Profit Organizations Working on Syria Principal Researcher: Dr. Joseph Daher Review and editing: Dr. Erica Moret IMPACT - Civil Society Research and Development e.V. Principal Researcher: Dr. Joseph Daher Review and editing: Dr. Erica Moret Graphic Design: Tammam Al-Omar Published by: IMPACT - Civil Society Research and Development e.V Keithstraße 10 , 10787 Berlin Not for Sale. IMPACT e.V - ©2020 All rights reserved, no part of this publication can be printed, reissued or used in any shape or form without the publisher’s prior written consent. The views and opinions expressed in this report are the authors’ own and do not necessarily reflect those of IMPACT e.V . Despite going to great lengths to verify the authenticity of the information contained in this report, IMPACT e.V cannot guarantee their total impartiality. Table of Contents Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................... 2 Executive summary and Main Findings of the Research ............................................................................ 3 Added value to the literature ................................................................................................................... 4 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. -
Access Resource
The State of Justice Syria 2020 The State of Justice Syria 2020 Syria Justice and Accountability Centre (SJAC) March 2020 About the Syria Justice and Accountability Centre The Syria Justice and Accountability Centre (SJAC) strives to prevent impunity, promote redress, and facilitate principled reform. SJAC works to ensure that human rights violations in Syria are comprehensively documented and preserved for use in transitional justice and peace-building. SJAC collects documentation of violations from all available sources, stores it in a secure database, catalogues it according to human rights standards, and analyzes it using legal expertise and big data methodologies. SJAC also supports documenters inside Syria, providing them with resources and technical guidance, and coordinates with other actors working toward similar aims: a Syria defined by justice, respect for human rights, and rule of law. Learn more at SyriaAccountability.org The State of Justice in Syria, 2020 March 2020, Washington, D.C. Material from this publication may be reproduced for teach- ing or other non-commercial purposes, with appropriate attribution. No part of it may be reproduced in any form for commercial purposes without the prior express permission of the copyright holders. Cover Photo — A family flees from ongoing violence in Idlib, Northwest Syria. (C) Lens Young Dimashqi TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Major Violations 7 Targeting of Hospitals and Schools 8 Detainees and Missing Persons 8 Violations in Reconciled Areas 9 Property Rights -
Won't You Be My Neighbor
Won’t You Be My Neighbor: Syria, Iraq and the Changing Strategic Context in the Middle East S TEVEN SIMON Council on Foreign Relations March 2009 www.usip.org Date www.usip.org UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE – WORKING PAPER Won’t You Be My Neighbor UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 1200 17th Street NW, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20036-3011 © 2009 by the United States Institute of Peace. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace, which does not advocate specific policy positions. This is a working draft. Comments, questions, and permission to cite should be directed to the author ([email protected]) or [email protected]. This is a working draft. Comments, questions, and permission to cite should be directed to the author ([email protected]) or [email protected]. UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE – WORKING PAPER Won’t You Be My Neighbor About this Report Iraq's neighbors are playing a major role—both positive and negative—in the stabilization and reconstruction of post-Saddam Iraq. In an effort to prevent conflict across Iraq's borders and in order to promote positive international and regional engagement, USIP has initiated high-level, non-official dialogue between foreign policy and national security figures from Iraq, its neighbors and the United States. The Institute’s "Iraq and its Neighbors" project has also convened a group of leading specialists on the geopolitics of the region to assess the interests and influence of the countries surrounding Iraq and to explain the impact of these transformed relationships on U.S. -
CPC Outreach Journal #403
USAF COUNTERPROLIFERATION CENTER CPC OUTREACH JOURNAL Maxwell AFB, Alabama Issue No. 403, 25 January 2005 Articles & Other Documents: Focus On Iran Causes Unease U.S. Alone In Seeking Ouster U.N. Nuclear Experts Inspect Egyptian Laboratory Nukes Are Defensive, U.S. Lawmakers Told Cross-fire on safety at germ labs 1977 Report Foresaw 9/11 Type Of Terrorism Iran Says U.S. Attack Would Be A 'Blunder' Welcome to the CPC Outreach Journal. As part of USAF Counterproliferation Center’s mission to counter weapons of mass destruction through education and research, we’re providing our government and civilian community a source for timely counterproliferation information. This information includes articles, papers and other documents addressing issues pertinent to US military response options for dealing with nuclear, biological and chemical threats and attacks. It’s our hope this information resource will help enhance your counterproliferation issue awareness. Established in 1998, the USAF/CPC provides education and research to present and future leaders of the Air Force, as well as to members of other branches of the armed services and Department of Defense. Our purpose is to help those agencies better prepare to counter the threat from weapons of mass destruction. Please feel free to visit our web site at www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/awc-cps.htm for in-depth information and specific points of contact. Please direct any questions or comments on CPC Outreach Journal Jo Ann Eddy, CPC Outreach Editor, at (334) 953- 7538 or DSN 493-7538. To subscribe, change e-mail address, or unsubscribe to this journal or to request inclusion on the mailing list for CPC publications, please contact Mrs. -
Sample Chapter
lex rieffel 1 The Moment Change is in the air, although it may reflect hope more than reality. The political landscape of Myanmar has been all but frozen since 1990, when the nationwide election was won by the National League for Democ- racy (NLD) led by Aung San Suu Kyi. The country’s military regime, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), lost no time in repudi- ating the election results and brutally repressing all forms of political dissent. Internally, the next twenty years were marked by a carefully managed par- tial liberalization of the economy, a windfall of foreign exchange from natu- ral gas exports to Thailand, ceasefire agreements with more than a dozen armed ethnic minorities scattered along the country’s borders with Thailand, China, and India, and one of the world’s longest constitutional conventions. Externally, these twenty years saw Myanmar’s membership in the Associa- tion of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), several forms of engagement by its ASEAN partners and other Asian neighbors designed to bring about an end to the internal conflict and put the economy on a high-growth path, escalating sanctions by the United States and Europe to protest the military regime’s well-documented human rights abuses and repressive governance, and the rise of China as a global power. At the beginning of 2008, the landscape began to thaw when Myanmar’s ruling generals, now calling themselves the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), announced a referendum to be held in May on a new con- stitution, with elections to follow in 2010. -
Timeline of International Response to the Situation in Syria
Timeline of International Response to the Situation in Syria Beginning with dates of a few key events that initiated the unrest in March 2011, this timeline provides a chronological list of important news and actions from local, national, and international actors in response to the situation in Syria. Skip to: [2012] [2013] [2014] [2015] [2016] [Most Recent] Acronyms: EU – European Union PACE – Parliamentary Assembly of the Council CoI – UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria of Europe FSA – Free Syrian Army SARC – Syrian Arab Red Crescent GCC – Gulf Cooperation Council SASG – Special Adviser to the Secretary- HRC – UN Human Rights Council General HRW – Human Rights Watch SES – UN Special Envoy for Syria ICC – International Criminal Court SOC – National Coalition of Syrian Revolution ICRC – International Committee of the Red and Opposition Forces Cross SOHR – Syrian Observatory for Human Rights IDPs – Internally Displaced People SNC – Syrian National Council IHL – International Humanitarian Law UN – United Nations ISIL – Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant UNESCO – UN Educational, Scientific and ISSG – International Syria Support Group Cultural Organization JSE – UN-Arab League Joint Special Envoy to UNGA – UN General Assembly Syria UNHCR – UN High Commissioner for LAS – League of Arab States Refugees NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization UNICEF – UN Children’s Fund OCHA – UN Office for the Coordination of UNRWA – UN Relief Works Agency for Humanitarian Affairs Palestinian Refugees OIC – Organization of Islamic Cooperation UNSC – UN Security Council OHCHR – UN Office of the High UNSG – UN Secretary-General Commissioner for Human Rights UNSMIS – UN Supervision Mission in Syria OPCW – Organization for the Prohibition of US – United States Chemical Weapons 2011 2011: Mar 16 – Syrian security forces arrest roughly 30 of 150 people gathered in Damascus’ Marjeh Square for the “Day of Dignity” protest, demanding the release of imprisoned relatives held as political prisoners. -
A Diplomatic Road to Damascus: Th E Benefi Ts of U.S
*ğĕĖġĖğĕĖğĥ 3065*/( 10-*$:3&1035 A Diplomatic Road to Damascus: Th e Benefi ts of U.S. Engagement with Syria Leon T. Hadar* October 2007 &YFDVUJWF4VNNBSZ In the spring of 2007, the Bush administration the Bush administration’s neoconservative propa- began to signal a welcome and overdue reversal ganda style. of its policy of isolating and threatening Syria. A sensible U.S. policy would involve co-opt- Since 2002 the president and his advisors have sent ing instead of isolating Syria. Constructive rela- mixed signals to Syrian President Bashar al-As- tions between Washington and Damascus could sad’s regime. Consistent with the advice of those prove useful in advancing U.S. interests on a who advocate regime change in Damascus, the number of fronts, including the future of Iraq, the Bush administration has provided assistance to long-term prospects for a viable state in neighbor- Syrian opposition groups and imposed sanctions ing Lebanon, and progress toward peace between on Syria designed to compel the Assad govern- Israelis and Palestinians. If the United States and ment to reverse course on Lebanon and its support Syria agree to put their common interests ahead for Palestinian terrorist groups. Th e Bush admin- of ideology, it could help to move the regional istration has portrayed Syria as part of an Iran-led balance of power away from Iran. Ongoing dia- regional coalition, and administration offi cials logue is also needed to ensure that Syria continues have depicted the Syrian Ba’ath regime as a lead- its cooperation with U.S. government agencies in ing regional opponent of its “Freedom Agenda” the search for al-Qaeda and its allies. -
Syria: Issues for the 112Th Congress and Background on U.S. Sanctions
Syria: Issues for the 112th Congress and Background on U.S. Sanctions Jeremy M. Sharp Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs April 28, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33487 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Syria: Issues for the 112th Congress Summary This report analyzes bilateral issues between the United States and Syria. Unrest in Syria and the Asad government’s violent response are adding new complexity to the troubled U.S.-Syrian relationship. The Obama Administration’s policy of limited engagement with Syria to address areas of longstanding concern has been met with criticism from some, including some Members of Congress. Critics believe that the Administration should apply further pressure to the Syrian government and consider implementing harsher economic sanctions against it. The use of violence against Syrian protestors has been accompanied by calls for new U.S. sanctions but also some expression of concern by experts that political unrest in Syria could evolve into a broader civil conflict that in turn could destabilize Syria’s neighbors. Despite its weak military and lackluster economy, Syria has leveraged its geographic location and its foreign policy alignment to remain relevant in Middle Eastern politics. At times, Syria has participated in substantive negotiations with Israel, from whom it seeks the return of the occupied Golan Heights. However, Syria also acts at times as a “spoiler” by hosting U.S.-designated Palestinian terrorist groups such as Hamas and facilitating the rearmament of Hezbollah in neighboring Lebanon. Syria’s long-standing relationship with Iran is of great concern to U.S. -
Josef Raab Lecture 10: the War on Terror 9/11 and the War on Terror 1
Josef Raab Lecture 10: The War on Terror 9/11 and the War on Terror 1. Introduction 2. Leading up to 9/11 3. The Declaration of a War on Terror 4. The “Axis of Evil” 5. Military Operations 6. Criticism of the War on Terror 7. Opinion Polls on the War on Terror 8. Literary Engagements with the War on Terror 9. Conclusion: The War on Terror and National Identity 1. Introduction • Terminology: “War on Terror,” “Global War on Terror,” “War on Terrorism” • Definition: military campaign led by the United States and the United Kingdom since October 2001 against groups/organizations suspected of terrorism against the U.S.A. and regimes supporting those organizations; originally led against al‐Qaeda; term used especially with reference to militant Islamists. • President George W. Bush in a September 16, 2001 interview: “This crusade –this war on terrorism –is going to take a while.” • Bush’s Sept. 20, 2001 Address to the Nation: “Our ‘war on terror’ begins with al‐Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated.” • President Barack Obama in his Jan. 20, 2009 Inaugural Address: “Our nation is at war, against a far‐reaching network of violence and hatred.” • The Obama administration has replaced the term “war on terror” by “Overseas Contingency Operation.” 2. Leading up to 9/11 • 1984: The Reagan administration uses the term “war on terrorism” to pass legislation that allows the freezing of assets held in the U.S. by individuals and groups suspected of terrorism • 1996: The Taliban regime seizes power in Afghanistan; al‐ Qaeda establishes a base of operations in Afghanistan • 1998: Osama bin Laden, as the head of al‐Qaeda, signs a fatwā (juristic ruling) and releases a video, declaring war on the West and Israel • 1998 bombings of U.S. -
Debevoise Sanctions Alert
Issue 44 Table of Contents Iran News Adoption Day: US and EU Take Steps to Implement Iran Nuclear Deal Switzerland to Ease Iran Sanctions CJEU Rejects First Islamic Investment Bank’s Annulment Application OFAC Clarifies Secondary Sanctions for Non-US Suppliers to Iranian Diplomatic Missions in Third Countries Russia and Ukraine News European Commission Updates Guidance on Russia Sanctions EU Publishes Space Industry-related Exceptions to Russia Sanctions EU Renews Ukraine-related Asset Freeze on One Individual EU News Al-Qaeda: EU Amends Sanctions List Belarus: EU Suspends Sanctions for Four Months Belarus: CJEU Annuls Sanctions Against Belarusian Football Club Liberia: UN and EU Repeal Financial Sanctions Syria: EU Widens Sanctions Regime US News OFAC Authorises All Transactions with Nine Selected Belarusian SDNs for Six Months Crédit Agricole Unit Agrees to $787 million Settlement with US Agencies for Wire Transfer Violations OFAC Issues Finding of Violation, Without Accompanying Monetary Penalty, for Persian Carpet Payments OFAC Issues Guidance on “False Hit” Lists OFAC Designates Honduran Bank and its Owners as Narcotics Traffickers, Authorises Dealings with Honduran Liquidators OFAC Blocks Companies and Individuals Linked to Narcotics Trafficking US Blocks Additional Members of ISIL, Caucasus Emirates and the Taliban OFAC Fines US Travel Agency for Cuba Trips Three Convicted for Illegal Exports from US to Russia Debevoise Client Update: U.S. Further Relaxes Cuba Sanctions UN News UN Security Council Intends to Impose Libya Sanctions UK News Export Control Organisation Updates and Amends OGELs UN Adds British Individual to Sanctions List Iran News Adoption Day: US and EU Take Steps to Implement Iran Nuclear Deal On 18 October 2015, referred to as “Adoption Day”, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action nuclear deal (the “JCPOA”) between Iran, the EU and the P5+1 (see Issue 41 of the Sanctions Alert) was formally adopted. -
Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin Completed by Your Security Personnel
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE PB 34-05-2 Volume 31 Number 2 April-June 2005 FEATURES Commanding General Major General Barbara G. Fast 7 Significant Characteristics of the Urban Environment Deputy Commanding General, by Michael A. Brake Reserve Component Brigadier General Edward A. Leacock 10 What Do We Mean by Urban Dominance? Deputy Commandant for Futures by Major Michael P. Spears Mr. Jerry V. Proctor Deputy Commander for Training 16 Urban Operations: Defining the Environment COL Kevin C. Peterson by Jack D. Kem (Colonel, U.S. Army, Retired) Director, Directorate of Doctrine COL George J. Franz 22 Counterinsurgency 101 by Captain Brian Gellman and Captain Kyle Teamey MIPB Staff: 31 North Korean National Guerilla Strategies: Strategic Intelligence Managing Editor Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) Using the PMESII Model Sterilla A. Smith by Daniel S. Burgess Design Director SGT Ivan M. Rivera Cover Design: DEPARTMENTS Sharon K. Nieto Issue Photographs: Courtesy of the U.S. Army 2 Always Out Front 58 Intelligence Support to Homeland Security 3 CSM Forum Purpose: The U.S. Army Intelli- (HLS): Languages and gence Center and Fort Huachuca 4 Technical Perspective Cultural Awareness (USAIC&FH) publishes the Military Intelligence Professional Bulle- 42 Proponent Notes 61 CSA’s Focus Area 16: tin quarterly under provisions of AR Actionable Intelligence 25-30. MIPB disseminates mate- 45 Training the Corps rial designed to enhance individu- 63 Professional Reader als’ knowledge of past, current, and 46 MI Corps Hall of Fame emerging concepts, doctrine, materi- 52 Language Action 64 Contact and Article al, training, and professional develop- Submission Information ments in the MI Corps.