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Buddhist Dictionary THIEÄN PHUÙC BUDDHIST DICTIONARY ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE ANH-VIET VOLUME X (U-Z) TOÅ ÑÌNH MINH ÑAÊNG QUANG 3010 W. HARVARD STREET SANTA ANA, CA 92704 USA TEL & FAX: (714) 437-9511 5226 Copyright © 2007 by Ngoc Tran. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the author, except for the inclusion of brief quotations. However, staff members of Vietnamese temples who want to reprint this work for the benefit of teaching of the Buddhadharma, please contact Minh Dang Quang Patriarchal Temple at (714) 895- 1218. 5227 INTRODUCTION Mr. Ngoc Tran has assembled and defined in this dictionary words and terms which are authentic and traceable to the original canonical sources. He has spent almost two decades reading and studying voluminous Buddhist material and in writing this book. He has arranged this text of over 5,000 pages, in Vietnamese and English, in a manner understandable to the average reader and student of Buddhism. In the myriad of documents, books and records of the Buddha’s talks, there are no words written by the enlightened one called Sakyamuni Buddha during his forty-five years of walking and teaching in northeast India. He spoke his messages of living a life of loving- kindness and compassion to kings, high intellectuals and the poor and ignorant, and their gaining the wisdom to achieve salvation from the rounds of birth and death, and for each person to lead others to achieve that wisdom. Texts written in the Pali and Sanskrit languages purport to contain the teachings of this Sixth Century, Before Common Era (B.C.) Indian enlightened one. The author, Ngoc Tran, is a meticulous researcher in the literary sense. His exploration into ancient Sanskrit and Chinese references was demanded of him in compiling this dictionary. Tran has reached back into reliable texts translated from the Agamas in Sanskrit and the Nikaya in Pali. He is a serious Buddhist devotee, householder and one who practices his religion to the extent which he lives it – with happiness and serious simplicity. The reader who already has some knowledge of the Buddhist doctrine will find herein definitions which can further improve her/his understanding. As with any literary work of this nature, the primary objective of the author is to be concise, yet thorough and steer away from the pedantic. The middle path is, of course, to define a complex system such as Buddhism in terms appealing and understandable to the novice as well as those highly informed. Tran’s technique of both style and content accomplish this, I believe, in all respects. The style of this author’s descriptions temper the material content in such a balanced fashion to remove any questionable conflicts which are known to the Enlightened One’s teaching. This author’s definitions are factual and need no further details to exemplify or extend meanings to be understood. The descriptions are arranged in a well-ordered fashion, linking the factual, down-to-earth meanings common-place in Buddhist doctrine. The author explains those collected beliefs of the Buddha as found in the Sutras (Canonic body) and the liturgically accepted comments (the Sastras), covering firstly the profound points of view of human life. Mr. Tran describes the Buddha’s training as a yogi with his teachers, his marvelous transition to enlightenment and the lessons on “The 5228 Middle Way” to his firsts five disciples(Turning the Dharma Wheel in Deer Park, directly after his enlightenment.) The doctrines to be understood by every seeker of this great religion are described clearly, with documentation referring to original Pali and Sanskrit written records. The reader find’s herself/himself immersed in the profound descriptions of the Buddha’s fundamental teachings, e.g. The Eightfold Path, Four Noble Truths, Prajna Paramita (Six Ways to Wisdom), Karma, re-birth, Nirvana, Conditioned Beginnings, the Doctrine of No- Soul and the Setting–up of Mindfulness. The factors of style and content which set this work above other like texts, are terms first defined in Vietnamese with English immediately following. I personally find this helpful in describing the phrases I use in my Dharma talks I give at my pagoda. This publication will be a great help to those many Vietnamese in temples in the United States at lectures and study groups in order to have a better understanding of the Dharma. My personal congratulations go to Ngoc Tran for this product of his laborious, detailed and extensive work in giving us critical descriptions and highlighting details of the beliefs, teachings and practices of Sakyamuni Buddha. Most Venerable Thich An-Hue Dr. Claude Ware, Ph.D. 25 June 2007 5229 LÔØI GIÔÙI THIEÄU OÂng Thieän Phuùc Traàn Ngoïc ñaõ thu thaäp vaø ñònh nghóa trong boä töø ñieån naøy nhöõng töø ngöõ Phaät Giaùo chính thoáng coù theå ñöôïc tìm thaáy trong caùc nguoàn kinh ñieån nguyeân thuûy. Trong gaàn hai thaäp nieân oâng ñaõ daøy coâng hoïc hoûi vaø nghieân cöùu haàu heát kinh ñieån Phaät giaùo ñeå vieát neân boä saùch naøy. OÂng ñaõ saép xeáp trong boä saùch daøy treân 5.000 trang vôùi hai ngoân ngöõ Anh vaø Vieät baèng moät phöông caùch thaät deã hieåu vôùi ñoïc giaû vaø sinh vieân Phaät giaùo trung bình. Trong voâ soá taøi lieäu, saùch vôû vaø nhöõng ghi cheùp veà nhöõng baøi thuyeát giaûng cuûa Ñöùc Phaät, khoâng coù moät chöõ naøo ñöôïc chính Ñaáng Giaùc Ngoä Thích Ca Maâu Ni vieát laïi trong suoát 45 naêm chu du hoaèng hoaù cuûa Ngaøi treân khaép mieàn Ñoâng Baéc AÁn Ñoä. Ngaøi chæ ñôn thuaàn thuyeát giaûng vaø göûi nhöõng thoâng ñieäp veà cuoäc soáng töø bi ñeán caùc vò quoác vöông, caùc thöùc giaû, vaø ñeán caû nhöõng ngöôøi cuøng ñinh ngu muoäi ñeå hoï coù ñöôïc caùi trí tueä giaûi thoaùt khoûi voøng luaân hoài sanh töû, cuõng nhö cho töøng ngöôøi moät coù ñöôïc khaû naêng daãn daét ngöôøi khaùc ñaït ñöôïc trí tueä. Nhöõng saùch vôû Phaät giaùo ñöôïc vieát baèng tieáng Nam Phaïn vaø Baéc Phaïn ñeàu ñöôïc vieát vôùi noäi dung chöùa ñöïng nhöõng lôøi daïy cuûa Ñaáng Giaùc Ngoä vaøo theá kyû thöù 6 tröôùc Taây Lòch. Noùi theo nghóa vaên hoïc, taùc giaû Thieän Phuùc Traàn Ngoïc laø moät nhaø nghieân cöùu thaät tæ mæ. Söï nghieân cöùu veà nhöõng coå ngöõ Nam Phaïn, Baéc Phaïn vaø Haùn ngöõ laø moät ñoøi hoûi phaûi coù khi vieát boä Töï Ñieån Phaät Hoïc Anh-Anh-Vieät naøy. Taùc giaû Thieän Phuùc Traàn Ngoïc ñaõ tìm ñeán nhöõng vaên baûn raát ñaùng tin caäy ñöôïc dòch ra töø nhöõng boä kinh A Haøm töø tieáng Baéc Phaïn vaø nhöõng boä kinh khaùc ñöôïc vieát baèng tieáng Nam Phaïn. Taùc giaû Thieän Phuùc Traàn Ngoïc laø moät Phaät töû thuaàn thaønh vaø nghieâm tuùc, ngöôøi ñaõ tu taäp vaø soáng vôùi nhöõng giaùo thuyeát cuûa Ñöùc Phaät vôùi söï bình dò maø haïnh phuùc vaø nghieâm tuùc. Vôùi ñoäc giaû ñaõ coù moät ít kieán thöùc veà Phaät giaùo seõ tìm thaáy trong boä töï ñieån naøy nhöõng ñònh nghóa coù theå laøm taêng theâm kieán thöùc cho chính mình. Cuõng nhö vôùi baát cöù taùc phaåm vaên hoïc naøo, muïc tieâu chính cuûa taùc giaû laø vieát laïi nhöõng giaùo thuyeát cuûa Ñöùc Phaät thaät chính xaùc, thaät ñaày ñuû, vaø traùnh xa loái vieát moâ phaïm moät caùch khoâ khan. Dó nhieân con ñöôøng Trung Ñaïo phaûi ñöôïc duøng ñeå dieãn taû moät heä thoáng phöùc taïp veà Phaät giaùo ñeå laøm deã hieåu cho caû nhöõng ngöôøi sô cô laãn nhöõng ngöôøi ñaõ hieåu bieát nhieàu veà Phaät giaùo. Toâi tin veà moïi khía caïnh, veà caû theå caùch laãn noäi dung, taùc giaû Thieän Phuùc Traàn Ngoïc ñaõ ñaït ñöôïc kyõ thuaät dieãn ñaït naøy. Phöông caùch dieãn taû cuûa taùc giaû Thieän Phuùc Traàn Ngoïc veà noäi dung cuûa taøi lieäu thaät quaân bình ñeán noãi khoâng coøn vaán ñeà gì nöõa ñeå thaéc maéc veà nhöõng giaùo thuyeát cuûa Ñaáng Giaùc Ngoä. Nhöõng ñònh nghóa cuûa taùc giaû thöôøng döïa treân söï kieän thaät vaø khoâng caàn theâm thaét chi tieát hay thí duï, hay giaûng baøy theâm veà nghóa lyù ñeå ñöôïc deã hieåu. Saùch ñöôïc saép xeáp coù thöù töï, lieân keát söï kieän ñeán taän goác reã, hay nhöõng chaâm ngoân bình thöôøng veà giaùo lyù. Taùc giaû giaûi thích veà nhöõng tín ñieàu söu taäp ñöôïc töø nhöõng lôøi daïy cuûa Ñöùc Phaät ñöôïc tìm thaáy trong caùc kinh ñieån vaø nhöõng luaän ñieån ñaõ ñöôïc chaáp nhaän, bao truøm nhöõng quan ñieåm thaâm saâu cuûa Phaät giaùo veà nhaân sinh quan. Töø nhöõng giaûng giaûi ñoù taùc giaû Thieän Phuùc Traàn Ngoïc ñaõ vieát veà söï tu taäp cuûa Ñöùc Phaät vôùi caùc baäc thaày, söï chuyeån tieáp kyø tình ñeán giaùc ngoä vaø nhöõng baøi hoïc veà “Trung Ñaïo” cho naêm vò ñeä töû ñaàu tieân cuûa Ngaøi (Chuyeån Phaùp Luaân trong Vöôøn Loäc Uyeån ngay khi Ngaøi vöøa giaùc ngoä). 5230 Nhöõng giaùo lyù caàn ñöôïc hieåu bôûi moãi ngöôøi ñang treân ñöôøng taàm ñaïo cuûa toân giaùo vó ñaïi naøy ñaõ ñöôïc taùc giaû trình baøy roõ reät vôùi taøi lieäu tham khaûo töø kinh ñieån ñöôïc vieát baèng caùc thöù tieáng Nam vaø Baéc Phaïn. Ngöôøi ñoïc thaáy mình ñöôïc traàm mình trong söï trình baøy thaâm saâu veà giaùo lyù nhaø Phaät, tyû duï nhö veà Baùt Thaùnh Ñaïo, Töù Dieäu Ñeá, Baùt Nhaõ Ba La Maät Ña (Luïc Ñoä), Nghieäp, Taùi sanh, Nieát Baøn, duyeân khôûi, giaùo thuyeát veà Voâ Ngaõ vaø Tænh Thöùc.
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