Chimanimani and Chipinge Emergency and Early Recovery WASH Program (CCEER)
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Chimanimani and Chipinge Emergency and Early Recovery WASH program (CCEER) BASELINE SURVEY 12 SEPTEMBER 2019 1 Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Baseline Survey Objective: ................................................................................................................. 7 2 .0 Baseline Survey Methodology: .............................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Quantitative data – HH Interviews................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Qualitative Data including secondary data ................................................................................... 8 2.3 Study Limitations ...................................................................................................................................... 8 3.0 Survey Findings ............................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Demographics and Socio-economic status of Households ................................................... 8 3.1.1. Respondents Profile ........................................................................................................................ 8 3.1.2 Households Profile ............................................................................................................................ 8 3.1.3. How can this background information be used to guide program participants? ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 WATER SUPPLY ...................................................................................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Access to safe water sources ....................................................................................................... 9 3.2.2 Distance travelled to a Close Water source. .................................................................... 10 3.2.3 Knowledge and perception on drinking water by source ............................................ 11 3.2.5 Challenges resulting in water supply shortages in the district: ................................ 11 3.2.6 How can water shortages challenges be addressed? ..................................................... 12 3.2.7 Community Water maintenance ............................................................................................ 12 3.2.8 Underground water studies ....................................................................................................... 12 3.3 SANITATION ........................................................................................................................................... 13 3.3.1. Open defecation ............................................................................................................................. 13 3.3.2. Sanitation Facilities ....................................................................................................................... 13 3.4 Hygiene ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 3.4.1 VHW and CHC Functions: ......................................................................................................... 15 3.4.2 Hygiene enabling environment ................................................................................................ 15 3.4.3. Hand washing practices and behaviour ............................................................................... 16 3.4.4 Health Hygiene Information Sources ................................................................................... 16 3.4.5. PHHE Information ........................................................................................................................ 16 3.5 Waterborne Diseases ............................................................................................................................ 17 3.6 Program expectations ........................................................................................................................... 18 4. Conclusions and Recommendations: .................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 18 2 4.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 18 4.2.1. Water Supply and Access .......................................................................................................... 18 4.2.2 Child Health related to Water and Sanitation and Hygiene ..................................... 19 4.2.3. Promote environmental awareness and hygiene ........................................................... 19 4.2.4 Sanitation ............................................................................................................................................ 19 4.2.4 Cross cutting issues ........................................................................................................................ 20 3 ACRONYMS CCEER Chimanimani and Chipinge Emergency and Early Recovery WASH program DDF District Development Fund DWSSC District Water and Sanitation Sub-Committee’s EHTs Environmental Health Technicians), FGD Focus Group Discussion HH Household M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MoHCC Ministry of Health and Child Care NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NFI Non-Food Items UNICEF United Nations Children’s Education Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs PWSCC Provincial Water and Sanitation Sub-Committee’s RDC Rural District Council SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences VHWs Village Health Workers VIDCOs Village Development Committees WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WHO World Health Organization WPC Water Point Committee RWIMS Rural WASH Information Management System ZINWA Zimbabwe National Water Authority 4 Executive Summary In the Manicaland Province, eastern side of Zimbabwe, the devastating effect of cyclone Idai resulted in 270,000 people being affected through injury and loss of life, damage to homes, schools, health centres, road infrastructure, utilities and other facilities. Mercy Corps, an international development organisation, with funding from OFDA responded to the crisis by implementing the Chimanimani and Chipinge Emergency and Early Recovery WASH (CCEER) program. The project intervention aims to build on the immediate life-saving efforts of Mercy Corps and other actors in the province by working to reduce morbidity and mortality rates linked to waterborne diseases among the cyclone-affected populations. This will be achieved by restoring community water supplies, supporting reconstruction of household sanitation facilities, and promoting essential hygiene messages among the population to prevent further disease transmission in a high-risk environment in the 2 districts. In September 2019, a baseline survey to provide an information base on gaps, opportunities and needs of the affected households in Chimanimani and Chipinge was commissioned. The baseline provides information base against which to monitor and assess the WASH project activity’s progress and effectiveness during implementation and after the activity is completed. The baseline provides data upon which projects’ progress on generation of outputs, contribution to Mercy Corps outcomes and impacts is assessed. The study focused on water access, supply, and quality; as well as hygiene and sanitation practices in these districts. This study complemented other rapid assessments that have been previously done in the districts. Significant numbers of HHs in the two districts relied on water from the springs and evidence gathered in this study reveals that 50.3% of the springs in Chipinge and 36% in Chimanimani were silted or washed away by the floods while a sizeable number where contaminated by the floods. This left over 70% of the HHs in the wards 8, 9 and 14 (Chipinge) and 16 and 21(Chimanimani) are in dire need of water access for safe drinking and for domestic use. The study further reveals that over 60% of the HHs in the targeted wards consumed water from unsafe water sources (river water, unprotected wells and springs) exposing them to the risk of water borne diseases. The RDCs reported that distances travelled to access water, as a result, increased by 30% with over 65% HHs reporting that they spent more than 30mins fetching water for the HH. This has result in excessive cuts in HH water use limiting most HHs to using less than the recommended Sphere standards of 7.5 to 15 litres/person/day. It is reported that 98% and 70% of the