Here Is a Range of New Agents, Molecular Markers Ethics and Human Rights

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Here Is a Range of New Agents, Molecular Markers Ethics and Human Rights European Urology Today First Edition EUT Congress News 32nd33rd AnnualAnnual CongressCongress ofof thethe EuropeanEuropean AssociationAssociation ofof UrologyUrology Saturday, 2517 MarchMarch 20182017 Copenhagen,London, 24-2816-20 March 20182017 Meeting the challenges in urogenital diseases EU Health Commissioner Andriukaitis urges stronger collaboration By Joel Vega and Erika de Groot currently numbers 29 active units in 11 EU member Dr. Deepansh Dalela (US) received the Hans EAU Ernest Desnos Prize for his contributions to states. Marberger Award for the best European paper urological history, while Hashim Ahmed (GB) To the rhythmic, high energy beat of the published on minimally invasive surgery in was awarded the EAU Prostate Cancer Research synchronized, four-man Copenhagen Drummers Chapple also highlighted the crucial role of the EU in urology. Prof. Sergio Musitelli (IT) received the first Award. band, the 33rd Annual EAU Congress opened creating the ERNs which he said will lead to better data yesterday with European Commissioner for Health collection and mutual collaboration among European and Food Safety, Prof. Vytenis Andriukaitis (LT) scientists and clinical professionals. “To ensure the urging the audience to collaborate in the European sustainability of this project we need to form Reference Networks (ERNs). partnerships and work on common goals,” he said. “This flagship project reflects not only the need The Opening Ceremony traditionally highlights the to further strengthen our collaboration, but also EAU’s honorary members and awardees. Chapple the fact that we can and have achieved a lot if we conferred the title of Honorary Members to Gunnar put together our resources, knowledge and Aus (SE), Patrick Coloby (FR), Mani Menon (US) and commitment,” said Andriukaitis. He emphasized Ajit Vaze (IN). Prof. Vicenzo Mirone (IT) received the that the synergies of expert centres are invaluable EAU Willy Gregoir Medal 2018. Prof. Didier Jacqmin and will come a long way in providing better (FR) was awarded the EAU Frans Debruyne Lifetime healthcare, particularly to those with rare Achievement Award, while Prof. Selcuk Silay (TR) diseases. won the EAU Crystal Matula Award. Andriukaitis thanked EAU Secretary General Prof. “For urologists our biggest concern is how to boost Chris Chapple for his personal efforts and our medical and surgical strategies, and balance commitment to ERNs with the involvement of these without neglecting our core competencies,” urological expertise in the eUROGEN network which said Mirone. Commissioner V. Andriukaitis: “Synergies across Europe are invaluable.” New agents and imaging African and European views to improve PCa therapies on HIV and circumcision Experts’ forecasts at ESO Prostate Cancer Observatory By Erika de Groot Additional benefits include lower incidence of urinary tract infection in infants, penile hygiene, and There is a range of new agents, molecular markers Ethics and human rights. Medical safety concerns. prevention of balanitis and posthitis. The risk of and improved imaging techniques that over the These are factors that differentiate African and penile cancer is also lowered. Mangwiro said that MC coming years will help doctors to further optimise European views on the role of circumcision in HIV is “not a silver bullet.” It has a 60% efficacy and their management of prostate cancer patients, prevention as discussed today in the Joint Session of should be used as part of a comprehensive HIV particularly those with advanced or high-risk disease. the European Association of Urology (EAU) and the programme. Pan-African Urological Surgeons Association (PAUSA) During the 5th European School of Oncology (ESO) chaired by Dr. Allen Chiura (ZW) and Prof. Dr. Rien According to Mangwiro, the VMMC (voluntary medical Prostate Cancer Observatory held yesterday, a panel Nijman (NL). male circumcision) programme has done well; it has of prostate cancer (PCa) specialists presented their achieved its scale up targets and is currently expectations for promising medical approaches that In his lecture Successes and Challenges of Male developing a new strategy that will introduce a aim to boost the current management of PCa. Full audience at the 5th ESO Prostate Cancer Observatory Circumcision in the HIV era, Dr. Tonderayi Mangwiro sustainability component. (ZW) stated that male circumcision (MC) averts a The multidisciplinary presentations covered new greater incidence of ulcerative sexually-transmitted Dr. Nicolai Lohse (DK) listed varying recommendations developments and forecasts for research, surgery, Prof. Steven Joniau (BE), who co-chaired the session infections (STIs) and the susceptibility of the foreskin for neonatal MC in Europe, Canada and the United active surveillance, imaging, pathology, and medical with Prof. Riccardo Valdagni (IT), said: “For me, the to abrasions during intercourse. States. oncology. The perspective and concerns of patient session showed that we need to better understand groups were also discussed by Prof. Louis Denis (BE) the disease with the aid of the many tools we have as a representive for these groups. now such as PSMA, MRI and others, in combination with the standard tests such as PSA. Tools such as “My expectations for 2018 and next year are further PSA still have their use despite the entrance of new results from STAMPEDE and the potential changes in methods. It is important to avoid over-treatment and the standard of care for metastatic hormone-naïve instead focus on the detection and treatment of prostate cancer (mHNPC) patients,” said medical high-risk cancers.” oncologist Dr. Ananya Choudhury (GB) who gave the view from her discipline. Joniau reiterated Touijer’s key message as he stressed the importance of AS to avoid over-treatment of Choudhury added that results are awaited from low-risk PCa. sequencing and combination studies. She mentioned hormonal agents being tested in trials such as Dr. Ivo Schoots (NL) discussed prostate MRI and its SPARTAN (Apalutamide), PROSPER (Enzalutamide), diagnostic accuracy, noting that a limitation of MRI is STAMPEDE/LATITUDE (abiraterone) as well as disagreement among radiologists. “There are now STAMPEDE, which is testing the combination of proposed adjustments to the PIRADS text,” said abiraterone and enzalutamide. Schoots. “Looking back, to 2017, prostate MRI shows maturation with its strength and limitations.” Giving the urological perspective on active surveillance (AS), Prof. Karim Touijer (US) stressed its importance Prof. Rodolfo Montironi (IT) discussed developments and noted that its increasing use necessitates in pathology such as the update of PCa grading, educating the physician in order to provide better intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, the routine counselling to patients. Touijer stated that it is molecular markers used by pathologists with multiple important is to collect more information on AS and to clinical purposes, and the potential of liquid biopsies reassure the patient about future treatment options. such as urine and blood. Saturday, 17 March 2018 EUT Congress News 1 Today’s Industry History Office Special Session Sessions & Workshop Exploring history of urology in Denmark, Scandinavia and beyond Industry sessions and workshop, By Loek Keizer Initially, the Association had a fixed quota of all starting at 18:00 hrs members from each country, although over time this The interconnectedness of urology in Europe is arrangement was replaced by automatic membership exemplified by the collaboration evident in the when a urologist joined their respective national Multi-disciplinary team (MDT) perspectives for Scandinavian countries and the Scandinavian society. Iceland joined the Association in 1976. early, optimised treatment of mCRPC Association of Urology in particular. ASTELLAS PHARMA EUROPE LTD. Since 1995, the official language of the Association Green Area, Room 1 (Level 0) On the first day of EAU18, the 33rd Annual EAU has been “bad English” (as opposed to “bad Congress, held this year in Copenhagen, the EAU Swedish” – the words of Prof. Jens Andersen (DK)). History Office welcomed prominent Danish and The decision to switch to English was made in order Optimising patient management in urogenital Scandinavian speakers to give the audience a flavour to be more inclusive to the Finnish delegates and also cancers of the long history of regional cooperation, as well as to attract greater international interest. Prof. IPSEN PHARMA some biographies of eminent Danish urological Andersen recollected that board of the Scandinavian Green Area, Room 2 (Level 0) pioneers. Prof. Beisland, speaking about the history of the Scandinavian Association had a lot of discussion at the time, amid Association of Urology. fears of a loss of national identity. Later in the Specialty Session, EAU History Office Looking beyond mLUTS to BPE and BOO: Chairman Prof. Philip Van Kerrebroeck (NL) gave surgical societies in the world. It was a relatively slow Holm and Hald Does it really matter? some background information on the new EAU Ernest process of separating urology from general surgery, Drs. Jorgen Kvist Kristensen (DK) and Jørgen Nordling RECORDATI SPA Desnos Prize, Dr. Johan Mattelaer (BE) gave a preview with the first national societies being established in (DK) presented biographies of Profs. Hans Henrik Red Area, Room 1 (Level 0) of his latest book, and Mr. Jonathan Goddard (GB) the 1950s and 1960s.” Holm and Tage Hald (DK) respectively, two incredibly looked at the role of British urologists
Recommended publications
  • Oral Presentations September 23Rd - Rooms 1,2 and 3
    Oral Presentations September 23rd - Rooms 1,2 and 3 Presentation Date Abstract Authors Presenter´s name - Theme Title Code indicated by the author 18498 Thomas Smits; Femke Gresnigt; Thomas Smits Clinical Toxicology/drugs of PERFORMANCE OF AN IMMUNOASSAY Eric Franssen; Milly Attema-de abuse METHOD FOR GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC Jonge ACID (GHB) IN PATIENTS PRESENTED AT THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, A PROSPECTIVE STUDY 18499 Thomas Smits; Femke Gresnigt; Thomas Smits Clinical Toxicology/drugs of DO WE NEED POINT-OF-CARE TESTING OF Milly Attema-de Jonge; Eric abuse GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID (GHB) AT Fransse THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT? September 23 18730 Lilian H.J. Richter; Julia Menges; Lea Wagmann Clinical Toxicology/drugs of NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES: Lea Wagmann; Simon D. Brandt; abuse METABOLIC FATE, ISOZYME-MAPPING, 13:30 - 14:45 Folker Westphal; Veit Flockerzi; AND PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING OF 5-APB- ROOM 1 Markus R. Meyer NBOME, 2C-B-FLY-NB2ETO5CL, AND 2C-B- FLY-NBOME 18985 Annelies Cannaert; Marie Annelies Cannaert Clinical Toxicology/drugs of HIDE AND SEEK: OVERCOMING THE Deventer; Melissa Fogarty; abuse MASKING EFFECT OF OPIOID Amanda L.A. Mohr; Christophe P. ANTAGONISTS IN ACTIVITY-BASED Stove SCREENING TESTS 18740 Souleiman El Balkhi ; Roland Souleiman El Balkhi Clinical Toxicology/drugs of METABOLIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN Lawson; Franck Saint-Marcoux abuse OXYCODONE, BENZODIAZEPINES OR DESIGNER BENZODIAZEPINES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN OXYCODONE INTOXICATIONS 19050 Brenda de Winter F de Velde; MN Brenda de Winter Anti-infective drugs POPULATION
    [Show full text]
  • Anthem Blue Cross Drug Formulary
    Erythromycin/Sulfisoxazole (generic) INTRODUCTION Penicillins ...................................................................... Anthem Blue Cross uses a formulary Amoxicillin (generic) (preferred list of drugs) to help your doctor Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (generic/Augmentin make prescribing decisions. This list of drugs chew/XR) is updated quarterly, by a committee Ampicillin (generic) consisting of doctors and pharmacists, so that Dicloxacillin (generic) the list includes drugs that are safe and Penicillin (generic) effective in the treatment of diseases. If you Quinolones ..................................................................... have any questions about the accessibility of Ciprofloxacin/XR (generic) your medication, please call the phone number Levofloxacin (Levaquin) listed on the back of your Anthem Blue Cross Sulfonamides ................................................................ member identification card. Erythromycin/Sulfisoxazole (generic) In most cases, if your physician has Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (generic) determined that it is medically necessary for Sulfisoxazole (generic) you to receive a brand name drug or a drug Tetracyclines .................................................................. that is not on our list, your physician may Doxycycline hyclate (generic) indicate “Dispense as Written” or “Do Not Minocycline (generic) Substitute” on your prescription to ensure Tetracycline (generic) access to the medication through our network ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS (ORAL) _________________ of community
    [Show full text]
  • EAU-EANM-ESUR-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer 2019
    EAU - EANM - ESTRO - ESUR - SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer N. Mottet (Chair), R.C.N. van den Bergh, E. Briers (Patient Representative), P. Cornford (Vice-chair), M. De Santis, S. Fanti, S. Gillessen, J. Grummet, A.M. Henry, T.B. Lam, M.D. Mason, T.H. van der Kwast, H.G. van der Poel, O. Rouvière, D. Tilki, T. Wiegel Guidelines Associates: T. Van den Broeck, M. Cumberbatch, N. Fossati, T. Gross, M. Lardas, M. Liew, L. Moris, I.G. Schoots, P-P.M. Willemse © European Association of Urology 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 9 1.1 Aims and scope 9 1.2 Panel composition 9 1.2.1 Acknowledgement 9 1.3 Available publications 9 1.4 Publication history and summary of changes 9 1.4.1 Publication history 9 1.4.2 Summary of changes 9 2. METHODS 12 2.1 Data identification 12 2.2 Review 13 2.3 Future goals 13 3. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND AETIOLOGY 13 3.1 Epidemiology 13 3.2 Aetiology 14 3.2.1 Family history / genetics 14 3.2.2 Risk factors 14 3.2.2.1 Metabolic syndrome 14 3.2.2.1.1 Diabetes/metformin 14 3.2.2.1.2 Cholesterol/statins 14 3.2.2.1.3 Obesity 14 3.2.2.2 Dietary factors 14 3.2.2.3 Hormonally active medication 15 3.2.2.3.1 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors 15 3.2.2.3.2 Testosterone 15 3.2.2.4 Other potential risk factors 15 3.2.3 Summary of evidence and guidelines for epidemiology and aetiology 16 4.
    [Show full text]
  • TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Inc. IND 132664 5.3.3.2 Clinical Study
    TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Inc. IND 132664 5.3.3.2 Clinical Study Protocol 253PC101 Protocol Amendment #4 Dated 30May2019 IN CASE OF EMERGENCY Table 1: Emergency Contact Information Role in Study Name Address and Telephone number Primary Medical Monitor James Freddo, MD 4350 La Jolla Village Drive, Suite 800 San Diego, CA 92122 Mobile Phone: 1.858.472.2330 Facsimile: 1.858.550.0786 Email: [email protected] Secondary Medical Monitor Charles Theuer, MD, PhD 4350 La Jolla Village Drive, Suite 800 San Diego, CA 92122 Office: 1.858.550.0780 x233 Mobile Phone: 1.858.344.9400 Email: [email protected] Confidential Page 2 of 102 TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Inc. IND 132664 5.3.3.2 Clinical Study Protocol 253PC101 Protocol Amendment #4 Dated 30May2019 1. SYNOPSIS Name of Sponsor/Company: TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Name of Investigational Product: TRC253 Name of Active Ingredient: TRC253-HCl Title of Study: AN OPEN-LABEL PHASE 1/2A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS, PHARMACODYNAMICS, AND PRELIMINARY EFFICACY OF TRC253, AN ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER Study center(s): 6 centers in Part 1, and approximately 20 centers in Part 2, in the United States Studied period: Phase of development: 1/2A Date first patient enrolled: May 2017 Date of determination of recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D): July 2018 Estimated date last patient enrolled: April 2021 Estimated date last patient completed: October 2021 Rationale: TRC253 is a high-affinity, small molecule antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) with inhibitory activity against wild type AR and specific mutated variants of AR.
    [Show full text]
  • Fluoroquinolones-Associated Disability: It Is Not All in Your Head
    Review Fluoroquinolones-Associated Disability: It Is Not All in Your Head Maya Z. Freeman , Deanna N. Cannizzaro, Lydia F. Naughton and Cecilia Bove * Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA; [email protected] (M.Z.F.); [email protected] (D.N.C.); [email protected] (L.F.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a broad class of antibiotics typically prescribed for bacterial infections, including infections for which their use is discouraged. The FDA has proposed the existence of a permanent disability (Fluoroquinolone Associated Disability; FQAD), which is yet to be formally recognized. Previous studies suggest that FQs act as selective GABAA receptor inhibitors, preventing the binding of GABA in the central nervous system. GABA is a key regulator of the vagus nerve, involved in the control of gastrointestinal (GI) function. Indeed, GABA is released from the Nucleus of the Tractus Solitarius (NTS) to the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the vagus (DMV) to tonically regulate vagal activity. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on FQs in the context of the vagus nerve and examine how these drugs could lead to dysregulated signaling to the GI tract. Since there is sufficient evidence to suggest that GABA transmission is hindered by FQs, it is reasonable to postulate that the vagal circuit could be compromised at the NTS-DMV synapse after FQ use, possibly leading to the development of permanent GI disorders in FQAD. Keywords: fluoroquinolones; fluoroquinolones-associated-disability; vagus; gastrointestinal; digestion; DMV; NTS; FQAD Citation: Freeman, M.Z.; Cannizzaro, D.N.; Naughton, L.F.; Bove, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Penicillin Allergy Guidance Document
    Penicillin Allergy Guidance Document Key Points Background Careful evaluation of antibiotic allergy and prior tolerance history is essential to providing optimal treatment The true incidence of penicillin hypersensitivity amongst patients in the United States is less than 1% Alterations in antibiotic prescribing due to reported penicillin allergy has been shown to result in higher costs, increased risk of antibiotic resistance, and worse patient outcomes Cross-reactivity between truly penicillin allergic patients and later generation cephalosporins and/or carbapenems is rare Evaluation of Penicillin Allergy Obtain a detailed history of allergic reaction Classify the type and severity of the reaction paying particular attention to any IgE-mediated reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, hives, angioedema, etc.) (Table 1) Evaluate prior tolerance of beta-lactam antibiotics utilizing patient interview or the electronic medical record Recommendations for Challenging Penicillin Allergic Patients See Figure 1 Follow-Up Document tolerance or intolerance in the patient’s allergy history Consider referring to allergy clinic for skin testing Created July 2017 by Macey Wolfe, PharmD; John Schoen, PharmD, BCPS; Scott Bergman, PharmD, BCPS; Sara May, MD; and Trevor Van Schooneveld, MD, FACP Disclaimer: This resource is intended for non-commercial educational and quality improvement purposes. Outside entities may utilize for these purposes, but must acknowledge the source. The guidance is intended to assist practitioners in managing a clinical situation but is not mandatory. The interprofessional group of authors have made considerable efforts to ensure the information upon which they are based is accurate and up to date. Any treatments have some inherent risk. Recommendations are meant to improve quality of patient care yet should not replace clinical judgment.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault Panel, Blood
    DRUG-FACILITATED SEXUAL ASSAULT PANEL, BLOOD Blood Specimens (Order Code 70500) Alcohols Analgesics, cont. Anticonvulsants, cont. Antihistamines, cont. Ethanol Phenylbutazone Phenytoin Cyclizine Amphetamines Piroxicam Pregabalin Diphenhydramine Amphetamine Salicylic Acid* Primidone Doxylamine BDB Sulindac* Topiramate Fexofenadine Benzphetamine Tapentadol Zonisamide Guaifenesin Ephedrine Tizanidine Antidepressants Hydroxyzine MDA Tolmetin Amitriptyline Loratadine MDMA Tramadol Amoxapine Oxymetazoline* Mescaline* Anesthetics Bupropion Pyrilamine Methcathinone Benzocaine Citalopram Tetrahydrozoline Methamphetamine Bupivacaine Clomipramine Triprolidine Phentermine Etomidate Desipramine Antipsychotics PMA Ketamine Desmethylclomipramine 9-hydroxyrisperidone Phenylpropanolamine Lidocaine Dosulepin Aripiprazole Pseudoephedrine Mepivacaine Doxepin Buspirone Analgesics Methoxetamine Duloxetine Chlorpromazine Acetaminophen Midazolam Fluoxetine Clozapine Baclofen Norketamine Fluvoxamine Fluphenazine Buprenorphine Pramoxine* Imipramine Haloperidol Carisoprodol Procaine 1,3-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) Mesoridazine Cyclobenzaprine Rocuronium Mianserin* Norclozapine Diclofenac Ropivacaine Mirtazapine Olanzapine Etodolac Antibiotics Nefazodone Perphenazine Fenoprofen Azithromycin* Nordoxepin Pimozide Hydroxychloroquine Chloramphenicol* Norfluoxetine Prochlorperazine Ibuprofen Ciprofloxacin* Norsertraline Quetiapine Ketoprofen Clindamycin* Nortriptyline Risperidone Ketorolac Erythromycin* Norvenlafaxine Thioridazine Meclofenamic Acid* Levofloxacin* Paroxetine
    [Show full text]
  • To Hold (Enteral Feeding) Or Not to Hold: That IS the Question; a Commentary and Tutorial
    NUTRITIONINFLAMMATORY ISSUES BOWEL IN GASTROENTEROLOGY, DISEASE: A PRACTICAL SERIES APPROACH, #101 SERIES #73 Carol Rees Parrish, M.S., R.D., Series Editor To Hold (Enteral Feeding) or Not to Hold: That IS the Question; A Commentary and Tutorial by Lingtak-Neander Chan, PharmD, BCNSP Enteral nutrition may interfere with drug absorption and lead to therapeutic failure. The best management plan to minimize this interaction remains controversial. One of the solutions to this clinical issue involves withholding enteral feeding for a period of time in order to minimize the potential risk factors that interfere with oral bioavailability of drugs. Although data from the literature suggest that this approach is associated with limited success in some cases, the length of time enteral feeding was held varied among studies. This article serves as a tutorial guide to help clinicians determine when these concerns may be more clinically significant and what actions can be considered to optimize patient outcomes. INTRODUCTION hould enteral nutrition (EN) be withheld before the new feeding regimen by the patient may become this medication is administered? What do we an issue. From the pharmacotherapeutic perspective, actually accomplish by holding EN? How long there are concerns that the absorption pattern and Sshould EN be withheld? Should EN be stopped both bioavailability of drug are altered by EN, thus affecting before and after drug administration? These are some of the safety and efficacy profiles of medications. The aim the questions that many clinicians have been wondering of this article is to discuss when these concerns are about for a long time. Often times, the responses can clinically significant and what actions could be taken be quite different, and even conflicting, depending to optimize patient care.
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Confusion Possibly Caused by Levofloxacin 5-311 Teodora C
    Severe Confusion Possibly Caused by levofloxacin 5-311 Teodora C. Stefan, PharmD Candidate1, Kimberly A. Couch, PharmD, MA, FIDSA, FASHP1,2 1University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy and Health Professions 2CompleteRx Abstract Discussion Results Levofloxacin is a third generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic which is generally well • The major reported adverse effects of fluoroquinolones are tolerated, and has a very low rate of clinically relevant neurological adverse events (0.2- • 91 yo male with CAP gastrointestinal (3-17%) and CNS (0.9-11%) disturbances4. 1.1%)1. The more common central nervous system(CNS) adverse effects are • PMH: HTN, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, BPH • Predisposing factors for CNS related adverse events include5 headache, dizziness, restlessness, tremor, insomnia, anxiety and depression. Delirium • CrCl = 28 mL/min • elderly age and hallucinations have been reported with fluoroquinolones as well as seizures. This • male gender case report describes changes in mental status experienced by an elderly patient who was receiving levofloxacin for presumed pneumonia. This 91 year old male was HD#1 HD#2 HD#3 HD#4 HD#5 HD#6 • diabetes mellitus admitted to the hospital with fever, cough, and rigors and started empirically on • Hypoxemia • any neurological illness levofloxacin for community acquired bacterial pneumonia. The patient became severely confused, agitated and combative approximately 12 hours after the first dose of • severe atherosclerosis levofloxacin. The patient’s oxygen saturations were within normal limits, electrolytes within normal limits, and no other cause for his change in mental status was apparent. Conclusions The patient received 2 doses of levofloxacin 750 mg administered 48 hours apart which was appropriate for his renal function.
    [Show full text]
  • LEVAQUIN (Levofloxacin) Tablets Are Supplied As 250, 500, and 750 Mg Capsule-Shaped, Coated Tablets
    LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) TABLETS LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) ORAL SOLUTION LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) INJECTION LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin in 5% dextrose) INJECTION To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) and other antibacterial drugs, LEVAQUIN should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. DESCRIPTION LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) is a synthetic broad spectrum antibacterial agent for oral and intravenous administration. Chemically, levofloxacin, a chiral fluorinated carboxyquinolone, is the pure (-)-(S)-enantiomer of the racemic drug substance ofloxacin. The chemical name is (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl- 1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid hemihydrate. O F COOH 1/2 H2O N N N O CH3 H3C The chemical structure is: H Its empirical formula is C18H20FN3O4 • ½ H2O and its molecular weight is 370.38. Levofloxacin is a light yellowish-white to yellow-white crystal or crystalline powder. The molecule exists as a zwitterion at the pH conditions in the small intestine. The data demonstrate that from pH 0.6 to 5.8, the solubility of levofloxacin is essentially constant (approximately 100 mg/mL). Levofloxacin is considered soluble to freely soluble in this pH range, as defined by USP nomenclature. Above pH 5.8, the solubility increases rapidly to its maximum at pH 6.7 (272 mg/mL) and is considered freely soluble in this range. Above pH 6.7, the solubility decreases and reaches a minimum value (about 50 mg/mL) at a pH of approximately 6.9.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronic Pelvic Pain D
    Guidelines on Chronic Pelvic Pain D. Engeler (Chair), A.P. Baranowski, J. Borovicka, A. Cottrell (Guidelines Associate), P. Dinis-Oliveira, S. Elneil, J. Hughes, E.J. Messelink (Vice-chair), A. van Ophoven, Y. Reisman, A.C. de C Williams © European Association of Urology 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Aim 6 1.1.1 Structure and scope 6 1.2 Publication history 6 1.3 Panel composition 7 1.4 Methods 7 2. CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN 8 2.1 Introduction to chronic urogenital pain syndromes 8 2.2 Pain mechanisms - pain as a disease process 8 2.2.1 Ongoing peripheral visceral pain mechanisms as a cause of CPP 9 2.2.2 Central sensitisation - spinal and higher mechanisms of visceral pain 9 2.2.3 Spinal mechanisms and visceral hyperalgesia 9 2.2.4 Supraspinal modulation of pain perception 10 2.2.5 Higher centre modulation of spinal nociceptive pathways 10 2.2.6 Neuromodulation and psychology 10 2.2.7 Autonomic nervous system 10 2.2.8 Endocrine system 10 2.2.9 Genetics and chronic pain 10 2.3 Clinical paradigms and CPP 11 2.3.1 Referred pain 11 2.3.2 Referred pain to somatic tissues with hyperalgesia in the somatic tissues 11 2.3.3 Muscles and pelvic pain 11 2.3.4 Visceral hyperalgesia 11 2.3.5 Viscero-visceral hyperalgesia 11 2.4 Classification of CPP syndromes 12 2.4.1 Importance of classification 12 2.4.2 Pain syndromes 14 2.4.2.1 Definition of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) 14 2.4.2.2 Definition of chronic pelvic pain syndrome 14 2.4.2.2.1 Further subdivision of CPPS 14 2.4.2.2.2 Psychological considerations for classification 14 2.4.2.2.3 Functional considerations for classification 15 2.5.2.2.4 Multisystem subdivision 15 2.4.2.2.5 Dyspareunia 15 2.4.2.2.6 Perineal pain syndrome 15 2.5 Conclusions and recommendations: CPP and mechanisms 15 2.6 An algorithm for CPP diagnosis and treatment 16 3.
    [Show full text]
  • ORAL SOLUTION LEVAQUIN (Levofloxacin)
    LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) TABLETS LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) ORAL SOLUTION LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) INJECTION LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin in 5% dextrose) INJECTION To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) and other antibacterial drugs, LEVAQUIN should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. DESCRIPTION LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) is a synthetic broad spectrum antibacterial agent for oral and intravenous administration. Chemically, levofloxacin, a chiral fluorinated carboxyquinolone, is the pure (-)-(S)-enantiomer of the racemic drug substance ofloxacin. The chemical name is (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl- 1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid hemihydrate. O F COOH 1/2 H2O N N N O CH3 H3C The chemical structure is: H Its empirical formula is C18H20FN3O4 • ½ H2O and its molecular weight is 370.38. Levofloxacin is a light yellowish-white to yellow-white crystal or crystalline powder. The molecule exists as a zwitterion at the pH conditions in the small intestine. The data demonstrate that from pH 0.6 to 5.8, the solubility of levofloxacin is essentially constant (approximately 100 mg/mL). Levofloxacin is considered soluble to freely soluble in this pH range, as defined by USP nomenclature. Above pH 5.8, the solubility increases rapidly to its maximum at pH 6.7 (272 mg/mL) and is considered freely soluble in this range. Above pH 6.7, the solubility decreases and reaches a minimum value (about 50 mg/mL) at a pH of approximately 6.9.
    [Show full text]