Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil
Bento Gonçalves, Pricila; Barbosa Lima, Silvio Felipe; Semer Pomponet Oliveira, Geraldo; Amorim Lucena, Rudá On the oviposition and egg masses of Conus regius (Neogastropoda: Conidae) from northeastern Brazil Biota Neotropica, vol. 17, núm. 4, 2017, pp. 1-6 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil
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On the oviposition and egg masses of Conus regius (Neogastropoda: Conidae) from northeastern Brazil
Pricila Bento Gonçalves 1* , Silvio Felipe Barbosa Lima 1, 2 , Geraldo Semer Pomponet Oliveira 3 & Rudá Amorim Lucena 4
1Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Formação de Professores, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cajazeiras, PB, Brazil 2Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Campus II, Areia, PB, Brazil 3AGF Largo da Lapinha, Liberdade, Salvador, BA, Brazil 4Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Campus I, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil *Corresponding author: Pricila Bento Gonçalves, e-mail: [email protected]
onles . . i . . . lieir . . . cen . €. On the oviposition and egg masses of Conus regius (Neogastropoda: Conidae) from northeastern Brazil . iot eotropic. : e . http://.oi. or/./
Abstract: •hrcteristics o‚ the e sses o‚ Conus regius Gmelin, 1791 are described and gured for the rst time ‚or the cost o‚ rƒil bse on ‚ele specien ‚o n in the process o‚ oiposition rin the „ in the stte o‚ hi northestern rƒil. …wo cl sters o‚ e sses were ‚o n in the s btil ƒone o‚ tp † bech ttche to roc‡„ s bstrte in copletel„ nprotecte site. iposition li‡el„ ben t lest one „ erlier since the specien had already af xed an entire egg mass and was ovipositing a second cluster at the time it was found. The egg masses were rrne in short irre lr rows o‚ three to nine closel„ spce cps les in prllel n ‚cin the se irection. ne e ss cl ster consiste o‚ cps les. Conus regius cps les re sei trnsprent si‚or in sie iew higher than broad and have attened to slightly convex sides with slight wrinkles constituted by transversal ridges. Conus regius is on the ˆ• e ist o‚ …hretene pecies b t is still intensiel„ collecte in the st „ re n surrounding coastal environment by shermen for the purposes of selling shells and as a food source. Keywords : Gastropoda, Conoidea, reproduction, ootheca, Bahia.
Sobre a oviposição e massas de ovos de Conus regius (Neogastropoda: Conidae) no nordeste do Brasil
Resumo : •rcter‰stics e sss e oos e Conus regius Gmelin, 1791 são descritas e guradas pela primeira vez pr cost o rsil co bse e espŠcie encontro e processo e oiposi†o rnte o i no esto Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. Dois aglomerados de massa de ovos foram achadas na zona subtidal da praia de Itapuã xa s bstrto rochoso e ‹re copletente esprotei. processo e oiposi†o proelente coeo dia antes, uma vez que o espécime já tinha a xado uma massa de ovos e estava depositando um segundo aglomerado de ovos no momento em que foi encontrado. As massas de ovos apresentaram arranjos em leiras curtas e irregulares conteno trŒs noe c‹ps ls estreitente esps prlels e posicions n es ire†o. € prieir ss e oos obser contee totl e c‹ps ls. €s c‹ps ls e Conus regius s†o seitrnsprentes si‚ores e ist lterl is lts o • e lrs e poss e prte lterl s eente cone cht co r s s es constit ‰s por eleŽes trnsersis. Conus regius est‹ n ist •erelh e •spŠcies €es ˆ• s in Š intensente colet n ‹re e est o e bientes costeiros circ niƒinhos por pescores por cont en s conchs e coo ‚onte lientr. Palavras-chave : Gastropoda, Conoidea, reprodução, ooteca, Bahia.
Introduction “ ” et l. …erl ‘ lier eters et l. lores rƒ et l. . pecies o‚ Conus re on the ost Conus Linnaeus, 1758 is a highly diversi ed genus of predatory well ‡nown oll s‡s e to the be ti‚ l color ptterns o‚ the t„picll„ rine neostropos with pproitel„ recent species worlwie he„ obconicl or biconicl shells …erl ‘ lier ’ohn “ . o chet ‘ o‚s . …he„ lie preoinntl„ in shllow tropicl …hese species re lso prtic lrl„ nero s e to hrpoon li‡e hbitts ’ohn enchsƒeh “ lier et l. ’ohn r lr tooth tht in•ects ne rotoins into pre„ lier et l. http://.oi.or/./ http://www.scielo.br/bn Biota Neotrop . : e
onles . . et l.
…erl ‘ lier r et l. et l. he st re n srronin costl enironent is hi h ener eters et l. lores r et l. n tht cn lso inr n een re ion chrcterie b sli htl steep sbtil one copose o sn eth to hns lier et l. ohn erl lier crbonte n roc„ sbstrtes s well s ree otcrops tht re nerl e pose et l. lores r et l. . here is econoic t low tie Žles †erƒeir . he hr sbstrtes ner o stron iportnce in the e trction o copons o eicl n phrcolo icl wetherin process in the re ion ori intin seients copose o sn interest lier et l. erl lier €r et l. • ƒrt n crbonte €ittencort ‡• . he enironentl cople it ow et l. • et l. eters et l. n o •tp“ n other beches o ‚lor o ers riet o icro hbitts as a food source for shing communities on some Paci c islands ( erl n cro hbitts tht or the estblishent o ierse conities lier n in northestern €ril. o inertebrtes Žles †erƒeir especill olls„s which ‚pecies o Conus tht inhbit the intertil to sbtil ones sll constitute the second most diversi ed phylum in the world ( ‹i et l. ‡ . lie in hetero eneos hbitt ohn • eters et l. The area is under the in uence of urbanized areas that input nutrients lores r et l. . he re ƒiescent when e pose to snli ht n and domestic sewage. Moreover, shing pressure on Itapuã beach has tpicll see„ shelter in she res ner l e roc„s n the seient drastically reduced the populations of shes, crustaceans and mollusks. ohn . …ost species or e ctiel t ni ht ohn erl lier lores r et l. prein on iersit o wors 2. Field observations and laboratory procedures (e.g., polychaetes), hemichordates, echiurans, crustaceans, shes and other his pper is bse on obsertions o the oiposition n e cpsles olls„s e. . biles n stropos lier et l. ohn o specien o Conus regius on ‰eceber t low tie in the †r et l. ‡ ˆehr ereen ohn • ‰ et l. sbtil one o •tp“ bech. he ele in oiposition ws obsere or erl lier ow et l. • et l. ppro itel • intes ws not hnle rin the oiposition process lores r et l. . and was not collected to be deposited in a scienti c collection. This species Conus re ioecios stropos ohn lores r et l. . is well „nown in the litertre n is thretene with e tinction especill Šeproctie spects relte to spwnin e sses n lre he been t the st site where it is cptre or the prpose o sellin the shell stie or nber o species worlwie ‹ebor • ster r • and as a food source. The rocky substrate with the rst attached egg mass Œtrn •‡ ohn b ‰•Žsro ‡ b Œb„„en ‡ €nel ws niplte or ppro itel or intes to photo rph it ot o ‡ †r et l. ‡ erron bc enchseh ˆehr the wter n or the reol o ew e cpsles. he e cpsles ereen ). Females deposit dozens of large, usually ask-shaped egg reoe were presere in ‡— ethnol. he cpsles were esre in cpsles on or within i erent sbstrtes erron c ˆehr ereen the lbortor sin the three iensions escribe b ohn s ohn . •ch e cpsle contin ew to hnres o well s n itionl esre: e ‘ len th o escpe pertre hp ‘ hei ht ebros ohn . Conus fauna on the coast of Brazil includes about 20 species, ve of which re eneic to the contr Šios . Conus regius elin ‡ is coon potentill n eros n preoinntl noctrnl species €r et l. • et l. Šios . •t inl lies on n ner roc„ corl ree s n clcreos ree enironents ro lori to €rilin wters n ctiel ees on wors especill polchetes €nel ‡ €r et l. • ‹ee nnell et l. et l. Šios . his species lso be on hl brie in the sn €nel ‡ . • cpsles ro C. regius were sccinctl escribe n poorl illstrte onl b ‰•Žsro ‡ n €nel ‡ ro soth lori ‘ €hs n the cribben se o †olobi respectiel. Conus regius ws once reco nie s er bnnt shllow wter species especill in northestern €ril et l. bt is crrentl on the •’†Œ Še ‹ist o hretene ‚pecies •’†Œ ‡ . o the best o or „nowle e so little in ortion hs been pblishe bot the reproctie biolo o n Žtlntic Conus species. hs the prpose o the st is to proie itionl in ortion on the oiposition n inl e cpsles o Conus regius bse on specien on in the sbtil one in northestern €ril.
Material and Methods
1. Study Area
his st ws concte in the shllow sbtil one o •tp“ bech ”•‡•‡•‚ ” • •– which is locte ppro itel „ ro Figure 1. A …p o the €ril sll sƒre hi hli htin the stte o €hi the cit o ‚lor in the stte o €hi northestern €ril ‚il et l. n the stte o €hi lr e sƒre hi hli htin the loction o the •tp“ bech northestern €ril˜ B …p o stretch o the cost o €hi showin the loction . he st site hs costline o ppro itel ‚il et l. o the •tp“ bech˜ C hoto o the re o obsertion n collection o spwnin ) and reef platforms that are under the direct in uence of wave impacts o Conus regius t •tp“ bech. Žbbreitions: ‚• ™ ‚er ipe €Ž ™ €hi n ro the Žtlntic cen personl obsertion i re . … ™ …ins eris. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://.oi.or/./ Biota Neotrop . ‡: e ‡ ‡
iposition n e sses o Conus regius . o pencle h ‘ i hei ht n w ‘ i with. he totl se e ooloi ni ersie e ‡o lo ‡ •ƒˆƒ: ˆ cps les nber o cpsles in the e ss ws conte rin nipltion o ‡o lo ril n ƒ: ‚ cps les. the sbstrte. •llstrtions were lso prepre ro rwin s. he specien o Conus regius shown here i re Ž is eposite in Results the oleo oolic o bortrio e ooloi ni ersie eerl e pin rne entro e oro e roessores 1. Oviposition eirs rb ril. he cps les re ho se in the lcoloicl ‰ specien o Conus regius shell es rin pproŠitel‹ Œˆ in collections o the bortrio e n ertebros lo €o n ni ersie totl lenth ws o n o ipositin rin s nn‹ ‹liht pproŠitel‹ eerl rb •‚ƒ„: • cps les …oo esso rb† •:Œ .. in the s btil one o tp bech i re ƒ. t ws o n
Figure 2. Conus regius ro cost o hi: A) ‡pecien collecte ro orro e ‡o stte o hi northestern ril Ž : Œˆ † B) ele specimen in oviposition process on Itapuã beach (vertical arrows pointing to specimen; left horizontal arrows pointing to rst egg mass; right horizontal arrows pointing to secon e ss bein eposite† C) l sters o e sses photorphe o t o wter se s i re inicte b‹ let horiontl rrows† scle br o nerest oothec: Œ . http:// .oi.or / . •/ ‡ €Œ ‡ http://www.scielo.br/bn ˆ Biota Neotrop . •ˆ: eƒ•ˆ•ˆ ƒ•
onl es . . et l. in copletel‹ nprotecte site with iŠe s bstrte o r el sn n sll to ei •sie pieces o roc’s t epth o pproŠitel‹ • c. he o iposition process h li’el‹ be n t lest one ‹ erlier since the specimen had already af xed an entire egg mass cluster to the s bstrte i re ƒ Ž let horiontl rrows. t ws obser e o ipositin the secon e ss cl ster t the tie it ws o n i re ƒ Ž erticl and right horizontal arrows). The second cluster was being af xed to the rocky substrate, which was partially covered with macroalgae laments. ‘o other spwn ws o n on the s rro nin s bstrtes. he specien reine relti el‹ otionless rin the o iposition process which ws obser e or pproŠitel‹ ƒŒ in tes. t ws not possible to photorph in etil n obser e the entire eŠtr sion process o the secon e ss cl ster e to the risin tie. 2. Egg masses and capsules
wo cl sters o e sses o Conus regius were o n on the s bstrte i re ƒ Ž let n riht horiontl rrows. ne cl ster h li’el‹ been pro ce b‹ the specien i re ƒ Ž let horiontl rrows n nother Figure 3. wo e cps les o Conus regius ro the cost o hi: A. othec was being extruded and af xed to the substrate at the time it was found well wrin’le with nrrow pe ncle positione in s bcentrl reion o cps lr bse i re ƒ Ž horiontl n riht horiontl rrows. oth cl sters were n prt o bsl ebrne† B. othec oertel‹ wrin’le with wie pe ncle well seprte ro ech other i re ƒ n rrne in short irre lr positione in centrl reion o cps lr bse. ‡cle br: ƒ . rows o three to nine closel‹ spce e cps les eŠhibitin the se Table 1. iner es reents o cps les o Conus regius o n in the pttern one lonsie the other n oriente in prllel cin the se s btil one o tp bech. irection ll ttche t the nersie o the piece i re ƒ . n ech Conus regius cl ster ieitel‹ cent ro ps o rows o e cps les were sit te NRMSD t rio s nles i re ƒ ). The rst egg mass cluster consisted of about e •.„ŽŒ.Œ ˆ.‚ƒ .Œ‚ hp ƒ.Ž•. ƒ.ˆ .ˆ„ •ˆ cps les i re ƒ Ž let horiontl rrows n ws cre ll‹ reo e h ƒ.Žˆ. ƒ.• .•Œ ro the wter to be better st ie n photorphe i re ƒ . ost w ƒ •.Ž•.Œ •.•„ .ˆ o the cps les were ept‹ witho t ebr‹os in this cl ster i re ƒ . he secon e ss cl ster in o iposition contine bo t • cps les i re ƒ Ž erticl n riht horiontl rrows. his cl ster ner Discussion constr ction ws not hnle or st ie in etil so s not to interr pt the o iposition process. ‰ ini o Œƒ e cps les in both e sses Conus regius is one o the bo t coni species wiel‹ istrib te were likely laid by the female. The clusters of egg masses were af xed in the western ‰tlntic •osenber ƒ„ n is o n in consierble to the substrate without any overlapping or con uence of the pieces of riet‹ o costl hbitts on roc’s –i — ‹n „„ˆ roc’‹ rees ˜r’e — ‰bbott „‚ƒ or siilr ree str ct res ‰bbott „•ˆ clcreo s the cps les. en ironents nnell et l. ƒ n seients s well s ner roc’s Conus regius hs thin sei•trnsprent sior sie o tline cps les nel „•‚ •eern ƒ• r el n clcreo s le bottos •ios i re ƒ . ‡ ch cps les re ch hiher h Ž bo t ƒ to ˆ thn „„ˆ ssocite with corl rees nel „•‚ corl rents –™‰sro bro w Ž bo t • to •.Œ ble ) with attened to slightly convex „• e corls n c ities ner seisphericl corl colonies se•rss sies tht re slihtl‹ n ne enl‹ wrin’le b‹ ew low n rther well•spce bottos or e en b rie in the sn nel „•‚ . his species t‹picll‹ trns ersl ries r nnin ro picl reion to pe ncle i res ƒ n •. li es in these hbitts on the cost o northestern ril š et l. ps les with t‹picll‹ con eŠ lterl ees n ries i res ƒ n ƒ„ e en on s bstrtes eŠpose to the tosphere t low tie. he cost •. “ch cps le rises erticll‹ ro short stl’ with sliht s’ew to one o the stte o hi incl in the ‰brolhos ‰rchipelo is reconie s n sie i res ƒ n •. ps les copose o two e” l ebrno s re o iportnt i ersit‹ o Conus e to the consierble en ironentl hl es lon Šis interr pte onl‹ b‹ escpe pert re i res ƒ n •. copleŠit‹ o the costline n islns which res lts in lre riet‹ ps lr peŠ s ll‹ sioi shpe i res ƒ n •. “scpe pert re o rine hbitts oltro ƒˆ . šowe er C. regius n coneners re er‹ nrrow n elonte slit shpe: e Ž bo t •.„ to Œ.Œ slihtl‹ c rrentl‹ rther rre in the hbitts o tp bech n cent res o the cost e to en ironentl ertion n the intensi e collection conc e eŠtenin lon cps lr peŠ i res ƒ n •. e ncles short by shermen for the sale of shells and as a food source. hp Ž bo t ƒ to • ble nrrow to enlre s ll‹ positione “ sses o Conus regius h e been rrel‹ st ie in the western in centrl prt o cps lr bse i res ƒ n •. sl ebrnes ‰tlntic see –™‰sro „• : 434–435, g. 9F–H, nel „•‚ : •ˆŽ•Œ iscrete n se between pe ncles i res ƒ n •. “pt‹ cps les g. 9). In previous studies, egg capsules of the species was found only on o op” e white sei •trnsprent color. ll cps les with ebr‹os re corl rents in lori –™‰sro „• s well s ner Acropora liht pin’ish brown. ost o the cps les in the e sses photorphe rents n hollow heisphericl corls in olobi n ro were pprentl‹ ept‹ i re ƒ . nel „•‚ . nli’e these st ies the specien obser e herein ws http://www.scielo.br/bn http://Š.oi.or/.Œ„/‚•‚•‚• ‘•ƒ••ˆ•ˆ Biota Neotrop . •ˆ: eƒ•ˆ•ˆ ƒ• Œ
iposition n e sses o Conus regius . in n nprotecte site with iŠe s bstrt o r el sn n roc’s References i re ƒ . erlo li eir hs st ie oll s’s on the cost o hi (especially Itapuã beach) for approximately 40 years and this is the rst – €.. . ericn •eshells. —n ‹ostrn ‹ew ˜orˆ. tie tht the resercher hs o n ele specien in o iposition n Œ—”• –.’.•. ‚ ”€™Š”‰€ •.€.„. . ”chinoert s pris e •l or e sses in the reion. hi rsil . €e . rs. šool. : …›…. or Conus regius –™‰sro „• : g. 9F–H) and nel „•‚ : •€Œ ..š. ‚ ‡Œ–‹•‰ •. . onser œ•o bioi ersie rinh g. 9) also reported the arrangement in closely spaced rows of egg capsules e costeir no rsil. •ei ersie. : …› . and gured they with essentially the identical shape to those studied ‹”Œ . . •pwnin e elopent n ecolo o soe hiher ‹eostropo herein i res ƒ n •. nel „•‚ lso o n n rrneent in ro the ribben •e o olobi •oth eric . —elier. : › …. the n ber o cps les o r to ten in rows siilr to tht o the present ‰”‹–Š€ ..•.„. . •eientœ•o recente n ost tlžntic e st ‹. šowe er the cps les eŠine herein h ore conspic o s n •l or. €e . rs. †eoc. : ›…. re” ent pttern o trns ersl wrin’les i res ƒ n •. ‰itionll‹ –Š” „. ‚ †–’• •. . Conus Œinnes . •ollscse : the e cps les in this st ‹ h Ž bo t ƒ to ˆ h e intereite •orl €eister o •rine •pecies. http://www.rinespecies.or/phi. iensions to those nl‹e b‹ nel „•‚ : h Ž to n phpŸp t etils‚i … … lst ccess in …/ / escribe b‹ –™‰sro „• : h Ž Œ to ‚.Œ or specien o €† •..—. –‹‹– . „–€€– ’..—. ’€”‰• ‡.. ˜•‹” C. regius ro lori. . –Œ‰—”€ .•. ‚ „‰•”‹ .. . •ss spectroetric n hih ‰on the species o the western ‰tlntic Conus regius hs n perornce liƒi chrotorph proilin o the eno o the r ilin cps le orpholo‹ soewht siilr to those o C. ermineus o ••• eri oros ollsˆ Conus regius : eein beh ior n ientiiction o one see nel „•‚ : g. 12A–B; enchseh „•Œ : g. 4) and C. mus šwss no el conoto in. o icon. : …› . •„ƒ see ebo r „ˆŒ : g. 31a), especially in the outline, conspicuous €† •..—. ‹”€˜ .. ŠŒ€‰ . –‹‹– . •‰‹‰ ‡.•. ‚ pttern o trns ersl wrin’les n elonte nrrow escpe pert re. „‰•”‹ , D.C. 2013. α-RgIB: A Novel Antagonist Peptide of Neuronal cetlcholine €eceptor ‰solte ro Conus regius —eno. ‰nt. ‡. „ept. …: n the other hn the e cps les o C. regius ier in shpe ro those › . http:// .oi.or/ . / …/… pre io sl‹ obser e or Conasprella puncticulata wss in rire see nel : g. 10), C. stearnsii onr see sro –Œ€– ‡.‡r. . ‹ew species o onie ro northestern r il •ollsc: †stropo . •trobs. : › . : g. 4D–F), Conus anabathrum rosse see sro : g. 4A–C), C. largilliertii iener see nel : g. 11) and €Šš Œ.‡. –€„Šš †. ‚ –Š—”€ .•. . •tin spwnin e elopent n eein hbits o Conus geographus in cpti it. ‹tils. : › …. C. spurius Gmelin, 1791 (see Penchaszaded 1985: g. 1A–D), especially in the rther relr otline n nrrower escpe pertre n pencle. •€– .‹. . ” cpsles o prosobrnch ollsˆs ro •oth ’lori n the hs n notes on spwnin in the lbortor. ll. •r. •ci. : he costl ecosstes o r il e hibit n iportnt bioi ersit › . o onie oltro €ios ) that has been insuf ciently studied, especill with rer to reprocti e spects. he coni n n the •€– .‹. b. ” cpsles o soe prosobrnchs ro the „ciic cost o „n. —elier. …: … ›…. entire costl in ertebrte conit h e been rsticll ecte b ltiple nthropoenic ipcts •iotto ‚ •rƒes „eters et l. •€– .‹. . ” cpsles o ele en rine prosobrnchs ro northwest ’lori. ll. •r. •ci. … : › . … . he estrction n polltion o hbitts constitte the ost serios lobl thret to rine bioi ersit †oes et l. rl ‚ ‰š •.‡.•. ‚ „Š˜‹ .•. . •olscos el ribe olobino. olciencis ’nci‘n ‹tr •nt¡ e oot. ‡blonsˆi •iotto ‚ •rƒes „eters et l. … . ‰n prticlr popltions o onie h e nerone consierble ecline in recent ties Š ‡.€..’. –‹ .‡. ‚ „ŒŠ•‰ •.€. . –riins o i erse eein with nber o species crrentl on the ‰Š‹ €e Œist o hretene ecoloies within Conus ens o enoos rine stropos. iol. ‡. Œinn. •oc. …: … › . •pecies ‰Š‹ . ‰n the ‰Š‹ sseble coittee to ssess the thret le els o ore thn species o Conus with the reslts in ’Œ–€”•›†€š €. †€‰›•–”šŠ• ˜.•. ’Œ–€”•›€–€¢†Š”š „. •‰”Œ›•–€’¢‹ ‡.”. ‚ –€€”Œ‹›€•¢€”š . . he the pper prepre b „eters et l. … r. ln ‡. ohn personl onie ’il •nils „rocers o „oisons ssocite with the €ocˆ coniction st . he ‰Š‹ coittee ote not to ee ‰ntertil šone o cplco •e ico. ‹t. €esor. : ……›… . oi: . …/ Conus regius s Žthretene• bt rther with stts ŽŒest oncern• nr. . … . ‰Š‹ . onis h e nerone popltion rection especill in †–•”• .•. „Œ• ‡.‡.. ‚ •‰Œ— .†. . ss e conseƒ£¤ncis o the study site due to intensive collection by shermen for the purposes ipcto bientl e plorœ•o os recrsos ineris rinhos. €e . rs. o sellin the shells n s oo sorce. o re erse the ecline o sch †eo. : ›. popltions locl o ernents nee to e elop conser tion strteies †–• .. •€””• —. •Š€•ŒŒ •. ‰”‹†€ „. ’€‹Œ‰‹ . n ct ore eecti el to ipee the cptre o thretene ollsˆs ’”€‹‹– . ”•‹ . €••••‰ •. •€• •.„. •‰€ especill conis tht re reconi e s h in econoic iportnce in •. Œ€• „. ‚ €‰•‹‹ .•. ‹o el „epties o herpetic ters o oo sorce n the e trction o copons o eicl n „roise ro ‰nin onie. nn. ‹. ˜. c. •ci. : › …. oi: phrcoloicl interest. . /nnls. … . . ‡r.—. ‹”– ‡..„. ‚ –– —.‡. . —enoos ollsˆs: the risˆs Acknowledgments o hn ccients b Conus snils †stropo: onie in r il. €e . •oc. rs. •e. rop. … : › . he thors wol liˆe to thnˆ bioloist n „. •. r•o Œbort‘rio ‡r.—. –Œ€– •. ‚ •‰•–‹” Œ.€.Œ. . €eport o hn e entos osteiro eprtento e ioloi Šni ersie ’eerl ccient cse b Conus regius †stropo onie . €e . •oc. rs. •e. e •eripe or help in obtinin litertre“ r. „lo €oberto •eeiros rop. : ›. Š’†/’„/Š”‹ r il n nonos re iewer or criticll –‹ .‡. . he ”colo o Conus in wii. ”col. •onor. : › . re iewin the nscript“ or best thnˆs to r. ln ‡. ohn eprtent –‹ .‡. . •ties on spwnin beh ior e sses n lr l e elopent o iolo Šni ersit o •shinton Š• b the iportnt re ision in the stropo ens Conus . „rt ‰. –bser tions o nine species in wii. sestions n corrections to the nscript. „c. •ci. : …› . http://Š.oi.or/.Œ„/‚•‚•‚• ‘•ƒ••ˆ•ˆ http://www.scielo.br/bn Biota Neotrop . : e …
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