. . , DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 109 608 CS 002

AUTHOR Sullivan, Howard J. TITLE Story Specifications for Mod 2 Third-Year and Fourth-Year Reading. INSTITUTION Southwest Region Laboratory for Educational Research and Deve pment, Los Alamitos, Calif. SPONS AGENCY Office of ..Educa ion (DREW), Washington, D.C. REPORT No :SUL-tM-3-71-1 PUB DATE Aft ?II NOTE 31p.

ERRS PR;CE.:, MF.-$0.76 HC-$1.95 PLUS' POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS. Beginning Reading; *Content Analysis; Developmental Reading; *Instructional Materials; Primary Education; Program Descriptions;*Reading Instructi Reading

° Material Selection; *,Reading Programs; Readin Skills IDENTIFIERS *Model 2 Reading Program

ABSTRACT 1 The Southwest Regional Laboratory (SWRL) Mod 2 Reading ,Program is planned as a four -year program (K-3) for t hing reading skills to-primary-grade children. To date, all stories 'have been written for the fitst -year. and secOnd-year segments of the program. This'papOr describes the selection of rules-and 'words, the number and typeomE 'stories, and the, word -usage nd, story-length. specifications for the r:eading stories in the thWrd- and foUrih-year* .programs., (Author /RB)

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( US SAENTINI HEALTH, EDUCATION A WELFARE 4- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUpSENT HAS BEEN REPRO OUCEO EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN AT IND IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED PO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

SOUTHWEST REGIONAL LABORATORY tiN1.111, TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM CD J

NOTICE DATE April 15, 1971 SCOPEOF INTEREST The ERIC Facilityhas assigned 'tms document for pr n9 \u TM-3:71-1 to document In our padgementrthis Is a's* of interestto the clearing- houses noted to theNight Index. ing sisould reflecttheir SPeCuld points df view

STORY SPECIFICATIONS FOR MOD 2 THIRD-YEAR AND FOURTH-YEAR READING

Howard J. Sullivan. A

ABSTRACT

The SWRL Mod 2 Reading Program 'is planned as a four-year program

(Gradts K-3) for teaching reading skills to primary-grade children. To

date, allstor:4have been written for the first-year and second -year

segments of the program. This paper describes the selection of rules

and words, the nhmber and type of stories, and the word-usage and

stotly-length specifications fort the reading stories irk the Third-year

me Fourth-year tTograms.

s

e. "

Tk.is do. ument ts intended for Interlial staffQ11stribution end use.Perolabiontoreprint or quote from enis working dot osteril stht.r1 l vttri n part, should be obtained from SWRL, 11300I i Cienega Boulevard, Inglewood, Cal brn is, 9010. 2

STORY SPECIFICATIONS FOR MOD 2 THIRD-YEAR AND FOURTH-YEAR READING.

4 Howard J. Sullivan

The SWRL Mod 2 Reading Program is planned as a four-year,program f

*(Grades K-3) for teaching reading skills to primary -grade-chic l.dren.

Derivation of.the word and rule'populations for the entire progradi has

been described iri .previous Laboratory' umerts (Bevliansky,.Cronnell

and Koehler, 1969; Berdiansky andtanton, 1969; Desberg and Cronnell, '°

1969). Berdiansky, Cronnell andtanton have also specified recommended..:.

rule and word populations for e ch year.in the four-year prbgram. * * , . . , . The stories for the Mod 2 Reading Program are` being .

written by Product Developme staff membert.s.To date, all stories have

been written for the first-y ar and secohd-yeasegmdnts of the program.

Specifications for these stories are contained in DM 13 (Sullivan, et

al., 1969) and in a Laboratory 'memorandum re Mod 2 SYAP' stories (4Ullivan,

February 4, 1970). The purpose of this paper is to describe the final

selection of rules and words and document the specifications for the.

third-year and fourth-year stories.

Selection of Rules and Words

The majority of the productive sound-symbol correspondence rules

derived from the original Mod 2 lexicon were included in tRE first-year

and second-year segments of the program. The First-year Program contains

, 30 such rules and'heSecond-year Program includes 48 rules. For inclu-

/ sion in the Thirqyear and Fourth-year Programs, 23add464ruleswere-

selected from t e sequenced ward lists for the Third-year and Fourth-year

Programs (Cro ell, Berdiansky and Stanton, 1969;' Cronnell, 1970).

I 3

The rules selected fo(the Mod 2 Program provide a base that

will enable the child fiho can successfully decode new words to read

.several thousand wo ,(Although many of the words' in tie .initial Mod

2 lexicon were subs4quetttly deleted because of their difficulty level

with respect to vocabulary the lexicon from which the runes were

originally derived consistedOXover7400 words.) 1 facilitate early

learning Of'the rules, the remaini 23 of the 101'rules included in the

,third-year and fourth-year word li.sts 11 be taught early in the Third-

year,Ptogram.

Acq44ition of all'101 'rules by early in the third year of the

grogram hast*advantage of permitting children to decod'e at a rela- ) tively early time 4 vule-based words from theentire'Mod2word

population/ Learning tt the rules by this time also takes it.possible

1 for the Laboratory' storiters to use in subsequent third-year and _ , . - ''' 4. , fourt h-year storiesany desire Trds from among all rule-based words -4 Y. :

not previously used in Mod stories; .

. The rules to be taught in the Third -year Program are contained, in

Appendix A, along with'the words selected by the story writers to be

a - taught as exemplars of each rule and to be included, in the first story

teed by the children after teaching of-thenee. Also. included in

Appendix A are nine sets of words to be taught te"sight" words, rather

than rulerbased'Words,.in the Third-year Program. The decision not to

teach the rules listed for these sets of words was based on the rela-

tively low number,of word exemplars of the'rules and/or anticipated

learning interference problems due to the similarity of these, rules to

rules taught previodsly. 1. 4

1n-stories folloWing the teaching of the rules in the Third-year

Program, the story writers will be permitted touse as new words any

previously unused rule-based words from the final Mod 2 lexico

Previously unused words from this lexicon have been classifie into

two separate lists based upon their judged voCabuTicy.difficuity.

Words judged to be in the active or passive vocabulary of second-grade

students are listed Ln Appendix B. Presented in Appendix C are words

which were judged (1) not to be in the passive vocabulary ofmost .

d'prigary-grade students and (2)to be useful enough for communication

purposes that it would be of value to provide vocabulary instruction

and practice (i.e., meanings and usage in stories).

Number ale 'types of Stories

r There will be approximately 110 stories inthe' Third -year Program,'

o ,

4 The first 20 stories 411 be written to accompany the teaching of the

somnd-symbol correspondence rules and will use ai mew words the exemplars 0 of these rules shown in Appendix A. Stories 21-2'9-will use as new words

the nine sets of sight words in Appendix A. New words for the remaining

third-year-stories will be selected from among the rule-based words

contained in AppefiUlx B. a The Third-year Program will contain a broad range of story types.

" '4 The program will include sports and adventure stories, mystery stories,

fairy tales,. sci ce fiction, and humorous stories. Approximately 70-

I 80 percent of the tories will deal with realistic or semi - realistic

cf4racters and situa ions, although the excitement and humor levels in

these stories will typically be greater than is normal in real life.

The characters and events in the remaining 20-30 percent of the stories

will clearly be of a more fantastio.nature..

'I. The Fourth-year Program 'will contain both individual stories and

short novels. Approximately 70 individual stories similar to the third-

year stories will be included in the Fourth-year Program. The new words

for these stories will also be selecteil from the words listed in Appen-

dix B. The remaining reading material for the Fourth-year Program will

consist of short novels ranging from 6-12 chapters in length. A chapter

in a novel will be similar in length to an individual story in the

Fourth-year Program. There will be about seven or eight novels in the

program, and these novels will contain a total of approximately 70

chapters. Thus, there will be a combined total of about 140 chapters

and stories in the Fourth-year Program.

Ali new words'used in the novels will be vocabulary words selected

from the word list in Appendix C.

Word Usage and Story Length

Specifications for usage of new words and for total number of word6

in a story are listed below.

Minimum Type of New Words Usage in Source of SW°ttory or' Stories per Story First Story New -Words hapstpeerr

Third-year 5 3 'Appendix A 550-800 & Appendix B

Fourth-year 5 2 Appendix B 6(10-900 Individual

1 Fourth-3(ear r5 1 Appendix C 660-.900 Novels (Vocabulary)

1Figilres shown. in this row, are for each chapter in the novel.

1 . All third-year and fourth-year stories will range from four to sever

pages in length and ;contain fi-om one to three pages with no illustrations.

0" I

6

11,

A maximum o hree new proper names may be used in any story. New

names should not be included in figuring the five new words per story.

A record of new proper names'by story, should be kept by the writers

. along with the record of new words per story: In selecting names, " / .prefefence should be given:to commOnand'regularly 'spellednames. A

total of no more than 50 new'nameS.sheald be included throughout. the

. third-year and fourth-year stdries. Names that may be used in the

third-year and fourth-year stories, are listed in Appendix D. - The new words in the fourth-year novels,will be selected from . 1 among the vocabularywords in Appendix C. In the stories, it would be C. Al destrable to use the 'word in a context in which its meaning is relatively

Ea0 sy to understand and/or to includean illustration representing the

.new word on the firs page on which it appears. Whenever feasible, one

or both of these procedures should be used unless they interfere with

the plot or continuity of the story.

All new words fromNihe first-year and second-year stories, except

tho'Se from the second-year Animal Stories,_ willserve as the beginning

word base for the third-year stories. These words are listed in

Appendix E. AW The new words from the Animal Stories are not included in

the beginning word base because these stories will serve as supplementary

. I reading in the Second-year Program, and some children therefore will

notbe introduced to these new words'in the secondyear.

A record of new words used by story in the third-year and fourth-

year stories will be.maintained,by the story writers and editor. The

If editor's responsibilities will also include (1) determiningthat 7.

specifications.regardingtypes of stories, word usage and story length are followed and (2) maintaining for the third-year and fourth-year stories summary charts similar to the first-year and second-year charts.

1

REFERENCES

Berdiansky, Betty; Cppell, B. and Koehler, J. Spelling-Sound kellations and Primary Form-Clais Descriptions for Speech-Comprehension Vocabularies of 6-9 Year-Olds. TR 15, SWRL, June, 1969.

Berdiansky, Betty and Stanton, G.

$ Content and Sequence for Block I of the 1970 Reading Program. pM 9, SWRL, April, 1969. # Cronnell, B. ' Sequenced Word Lists for the Fourth-year Reading Program. SWRL, March 16, 1970.

Cronnell, B.; Berdiansky, Betty.; and Stanton, G. Sequenced Word Lists for.the Third -year. Reading Program.

SWRL, December 18, 1969. ,

Desberg, P. and Cronnell, B. An Instructional Sequence for Spelling-to-Sound Correspondences for the One- and Two-Syllable Words in Vocabularies of 6-9 Year- Olds. TR 16, SWRL, July, 1969.

Sullivan, H. Mocr2 SYAP Stories. SWRL Memo, February 4, 1970.

Sullivan, H.'; et al. Content and Specifications far the 1970-71 First-year Reading Books, DM 13, SWRL, September, 1969. 8 A APPENDIX A

THIRD-YEAR RULES AND NEW WORD EXEMPLARS

Rule Words

Rule New Words for Use in Story Story No.

AI1,0 rain, nail, sail, paint, afraid 1

OU10 loud, round, ground, about, around

()A10 . boat, goat, road, soap, float 3

AIR fair, hair, stair, chair, airplane 4

OAR, OUR roar, board, our, sour, devour 5

AW, AU saw, draw, lawn, yawn, fault 6

OI, OY oil,,coin, voice, choice, toy 7

UE, EW blue, glue, new, few, threw 8

E13 began,,,before, behind,.return, decide , 9 , . 124 + GH10 high, night, right, lightfight 10

K20 knee, knot, knock. knife, know 11

,W20 wrap, wrong, write, wreck, wrist 12

B20 lamb, limb, dumb, thumb, plumber 13

tion potion, station, vacation, attention, invention 14

ture future, capture, creature, picture, adventure 15

' A29 taste, waste, change, danger, se?.range 16

A24. wash, watch, water, walrus, swallow 17

contractions, can't, didn't, doesn't, isn't, aren't 18

contractions don't, won't, I'll, he'll, she'll 19

ending est (to be picked later) 20

a 9

Sight Words r Related Rule New Words for Use in Story Story No.

could, would, should, couldn't, wouldn't,:"phouldn't 21

013 open, over, hotel, pony, motor 22

A13 baby, paper, crazy, gravy, flavor 23

113 tiny, tiger, sRider, Friday, finally 24

GH10 caught, straight, naughty, daughter, t ught 25

. L20 & T20 whistle, listen, often, talk, half . 26

CH31 school, chorus, stomach, echo, schoolteacher '27

TH12 other, feather, weather, brother, bother 28

E38 & 138 : live (Vb), deliver, ever, seven, however 29

El?

of.

0 10

APPENDIX ,B

NEW WORDS AVAILABLE FOR THIRD-YEAR AND FOURTH AR STORIES

Words Derived Entirely from First-year and Second Tear Rule sl

absent bathroom ' bunk ` cherry actor bathtub ,blend bunny chest actress batter ibless burglar click add battle blind, burn chicken age beach blindfold burner children ahead bead blink . burnt, chill ale beak block bus chip alive bean blow busman chipmunk among beanbag blush .bust chirp angry beard bob', butcher choke ankle bone, butter chop ape beat button chore apples beaten boo buzz. chubby arm beater boohoo chuck armful bedroom bookcase cake chug army bedtime booklet camper Chunk arrest bee boot candle church art beef °_ born cane circle artist beehive boss cannon clang ash beet' bowwow clap ashtray beg brace 'cape class asleep belly bracelet card classroom awake berry brake care clean , awoke bet branch carpet cleaner ax better brand carton cleanup bib brass cartoon, clear backward big brave carve click badge bigger bravely cast cliff bag bill 2 breath cat clip bake billy brick catcher clock baker birth tbride catfish club - bald birthday brush cattle cob bang.; bit buck center .code bar bite bucket cents coke barber bitten buckle chance collar bare bitter buddy chapter color barefoot° black bug chart cone barn blacken 'bulb cheap connect baseball blade bullet cheat cookbook bass blame bumpei check cooker bat blanket bumpy checker cord batch blast bun cheek cork bath blaze bunch cheer corner bathrobe bled bundle cheerful cost

'This list includes (1) words whichwere made available for use in first-year and second-year stories but' were not selected for use by the story writer6 and (2) word's derivable from first-year and second-year rules and judged to be inappropriate for the vocabulary level, of first -year and second-year pupils but appropriate for third-year and fourth-year pujs.

, 1 cot deep fade fox guh c ( fleepen fake 'frame coward eer fallen frank.' h aflway crab dee fan freckle halt cracker dent fancy 'free 'hammer cramp dentist arm freezer hand cranky desk farmer fresh hang crayon. dill farmyard frog harden cream dim fast hardware creek dime fat frown hash' creep dine fatten froze. creepy ding fatty fry hate crib dinner fear I ,fur haystack crime dive fed ftrry healthy crisp doctor feed fuss heat crooked dog feel ,fuzzy, heater crop dollar feet heaven cross dolly felt gag ' held Crow dope fib gallon helpful crunch downtown fibber hem crunchy dove fifty :Men hens crust draft fill gas herself crutch drag film gate hilly cry drank fin gee himself chb dreadful fine gift hip cube dream fir glass hire cuff dress fireworks glove hit cup dresser fishhook gobble hive cupcake drill fist ho cupful drink fit :ten hog cure drip . five goldfish hollow curl drive flake golly homemade curly driveway flame goodness honk curses drop ,flap .got hoof cute drove flash hopscotch cutout drown flashbulb grade horseback cutter drummer flat grandchild howl , curve drunk ' flatten _grandson' hug dry flea grape hum daddy dug flee grateful hump dam dull f -lesh / grew hundred- damp dummy' flip graveyard hung dare dump flop greed hunk darker flower 'green hunt darn eagle greenish hunter dart ear - ljt Yr r greet huntsman date earring to4, 1, grind hush daytime Easter ,foggy. grizzly se dead eaten , a grow- icebox deaf elbow ) grownup if deal end fOrd grunt ill dear extra ' fOrty gum illness death rorward gumdrops inch

12 464..41. 0,1 t 4 4.14WI ,k 0 4I 44: 4414 1,4 440 i 4111: WI 61 44 6 44: 6.4 . 4 4 4, 4. '11: 4a 4 . 4 .44 6 6 U. ^., 14 4 4 4 14 444 444.4RI 44-4 e.11 4-4 nt ors,1 m 4 4.61 H. 4410 141 4 (71 4 11 r11 . :1 I . to '1 a 4 11 6.'14 :10 144101 .41 44 .61 4164 II 4 4 4 4 4 I h ',4 11 3 t 3 a , :. r. 111 ID (14. 14 4 4 40 el11.% Nt. 6. to 4. 64. 1 4 :. 1 ..,, .,' 1 4 ca..1R bP. .0 11. 4. ( ( 8. j 46. t1. (1, 11 r 11. A. i et (8, 11 ft 14 44 1 1, 14 if 11 II ii 6. 1 0 r. JI- P r. r..; r .rG. Ii 1. 1. L., .1 ,.:4 ,, iiI sa !MO 14 44 0. 40 4 1; 1744 '41 . am . thi : 41 4111 44411 4 4 t.0 t qt . 4 , . 4 AI 4, "Ti e. 41 e, cit :1: 14 44 '4"' 1:4 tpt 44 ON 14 I, 4,4 1 4 41 1 1 44 4 11 I 14 l 44 64 t, 4414 . 4. 4,4 . 4 .1 4. . / * 4 6: 4 flL. I .t:'; 'is 1=Lii:1 ief i'i' i 0 il 0 0 rd; +a- .4 64 I, " . . OM NIowId 44, VIII 11 . 11 1. J 4 1.4 . 6 4 I 4 ..4 4 , ,y I. . ,I .6 4MIS / I , 4 t ti .4 a . 1 .. . Itt .. 111 4 a 13,

- ranch sandstorm shove smile squirm rascal" sandy shovel - snag squirrel rat -saneness shower snake squirt ray Alp save shown sneak 'stab real'. ale shrimp sniff realize shrink snip stage , really: re shrunk snoWball state , rear scarecrow ° shy. snowfall stamp . red 'scarf' sickness ' snowflake - stare reddish scat ° signal snowman starve redwood scatter silk snowstorm state . reel scooter silkworir snowy steal rent score sill sob steam renter a scrap silly soft steamshl,p Rex scrape silver softly steel rib scribble singer sole steeper ribbon scrub sinker someday step rid seashore sip' somehow sticky ridden seasick sir something stiff rider seaweed sister sometime sting rinse seeds six sore - stink ...,,- seem sixth, sorry stinker e seen sixty sort stir rob- self' \., size% spank stitch robber sense Skate spare stole rce servant skill spark stone rr,d serve skin sparkle stool rode shake skinny speak store rc,77-7 she skirt speck strap ro....,-p.. shape skull stied stream ' rot share sky speech street rotten_ shark slap speed ;streetcar . r&.; sharp slave spend .stretch , --I sharpen sleep speni strike rubber shave sleeper spice string ruff:J shed sleepy spill strip

-...... -- sheep sleeve splash stripe -:P _sheet slept split stub% -rumaway shelf slice spoke stuff r ---z. 'shell slide spongy stump rummer shift slim spooky stung :-._nt shin slime spoon stunt rut sh!_ne slingshot spoonful such r-st shinn- slipper sport suck r4:Y 5':-.-. slop spray / *sucker n.41,r sham. slowly spring summer shoot slowpoke sprinkle sun sctl shot slue spun sung a safely fhcre Smack spy sunny safe ty 'shorteake smart square sunset sai-. shcrtly ' smear squeaky -. sunshine sale shot smell squeeze supper,

14 e

14- A

sweat teenage ,toot .* twinkle whale sweater teeny tooth twist ,whine', sweep teeter-tooter, toothpick sweet teeth tore uglyuphill whoopee swell temper . toss phill wide swept tender tot upon wife , swift test " tow upper wig . swimmer' than ..., tower upset win swing thicker trace upside switch thin tractor upward :Ziiiiiieg swung thinker trade thirst trash vest `winter tabby thirsty tray vote taffy thirteen treat vowel woodpile tag . thirty tribe wool tale three trim wade word tales thrown trot wag wore tame thump, trumpet wake workman tan . tick trust wall workshop --.. tap ticket trying 'watchdog world tape tickle tube wave worn taps tide tuck wax worry tar tale tug .weak worse tardy till tumble worst tax timber tune weed wow tea tinsel tunnel week teich. today * turtle weekly yardstick teacfring tomcat tut weep yarn teacup tom -tom tweet welcome year team tone twig western yellow teapot tool twin wetter zig-zag teaspoon toolbox twine whack zipper

.itopi tY

-` Ella) NU 0

15 f

I Words Containing Third-year and Fourth-year Rules

abandon barbecue brightness cin ch davenport able barbershop broken claw daylight aboard barrel brought clearly deadly accident base brownie rclever December advertise basement bruise. close decision afloat basketball build cloud deeply afternoon beanstalk building cloudy y afterward became built *blue depend afterwards because bumblebee' -coac description ago become butter oal desire aim bedding butterfl coat destroy air bedside button ole cobweb: diamond airport bedspread 44locoa diaper

alley began , calf coffeepot diary ,41 alligator begin calves collapse dictionary allowance beginner canary collection die aloud behaile candlestick collie diet alphabet, believe capable compare. different altitude belong captain complain ambulance below cardboard concentrate d fficulty angel beiide carefully convict diming/ annoy Bible carelessly cookie direction .another billion carload correction disagree apiece birdhouse Carnival couch disappear appetite biscuit carol ,count discover. applesauce biting carpenter countdown discuss April blackboard carrot counter -7 discussion

apron blew carry 1 country dipshpan argue- blouse cfte, couple arithmetic bluebird cause course diver Oh arms bluff cavity cowboy donkey arrange boating ceiling. crabby double arrow boil cegtury crackerjack dough asaRed bomb .,cereal cradle doughnut assignment bomber chain crawl . downstairs atmosphere bony , chalk crazy drain, attendance border chalkboard creaky drawing attitude boring champion croak drew auction bossy championship crosswise driver autograph bough- chase crouch dumbbell award lipught cheep cruel during awful bounce cheerfully cruelly dynamite ' brag cheese crumb babytalk braid cheeseburger curtain early backbone brain chew customer earn bacon breath chief cutout earth bait bright chimney earthquake bakery brighten chose dairy easily S bandaid brightly chrome dangerous easy 16 a.

eater final goal h9e lady eight fingernail goggles honey laid eighteen fingerprint gosh .hornet lampshade eighteenth finish grandmother horrible largely eighth firecracker grapefruit hose laundry 4 eighty firm grasshopper hospital law either fisherman grassy hound laziness elastic flash grehae hour learn election flashlight grew house leather electric flew grey houseboat left-handed r eleven flight greyhound housework level eleventh :flour grocery human lever embarrass flowchart grouthy hustle liar enjoy flunk group hypnotize library' envelope adlyswatter guard librarian equal foam guess. icy license erase footprint g est idea lie

eraser forbid . g iliy imp rtant lifeboat estimate force 11 impos ble lifetime even forever Indian A lighter evening forgetful obit lightning every forgive . haircut ion lion ,everyth4 forgotten ry liver evil fossil hairpin instant load .444e excellent foilght hairy insult loaf excited found - halfway interesting loafer

excitedly fountain halloween' interrupt loan . 4 excitement four hamburger oduce lollypop

excuse ' fourteen 'handbag kintrventor lOose exerci4e ANUFteenth handcuff loudly expand, fourth handwriting jack o-lantern expensive fracture hanky jail -madly explain freak happily jaw magi explorer freCkled happiness jello magi al explosion fright harmless 'jellybean . magnify frighten haul, jewel magnifying frightful haunt 'jewelry maid faced frozen headache join mail fail bruit .headlight joy mailbag faint fruitcake heard juice mailbox

fairy funeral I hello juicy mailman fimous furniture[ helmet, ,main fantastic further herb' kidnap making farther hereby kidnapper mammal faucet gardener hero killer manners favor gather hey' kindergarten marry favorite giant hibernate kneel , material female gigantic hideout knew mention "fiction glassful highchair knit meow field Jassy' highly knob merry-go-round 41IL_fighttr naw highway knuckle messenger filthy go hiss microphone

4 a 4

t. 17

microscope__ oatmeal pocketknife rash -schoolroom midnighi obey poem rather science might October poet rattlesnake scientist mighty offer poetry raw scout million oh, point razdr s w millionaire oily pointer reader ecret ment onion poison reason Bible minus only police recess Septethber misspell onward policeman receive seven moist opener polish recite sevedteen money opening popsicle rectangle seventeenth monkey ouch possible redheaded seventh moonlight ought potato reindeer seventy , moose ounce pound release shady motel ours' pour remain shaker mother Ourselves pout remember shallow motorboat out pouter remind sharpener motorcycle outer practically repair shaving mound outside . predict repeat shiny. mountain overnight prefer replace shipwreck mouse overweight prepare report shiver mousetrap. pre tent rescue shorten mouth paid. principal reward shorts= mouthful pail t program rickety shoulder mowae. pain propeller rider shout multiply painter protection rifle show-off mush painting proud right-hail sickly- music pair proudly right-hdided sidewalk musical paragraph puncture river sideways

parents pussycat roam . sight-seeing ni'arrow passenger roaring sign nature paste' quarter roast signature necktie paw question robbery silent neighbot. pearl quiet rocket silverware neighborhOod peppermint quietness rose sissy neither perfectly quitter ruin skater never permission ruler ski netas phone radio slippery newspaper photograph': . radish sailboat SliVer New York photographer rail sailor Smith nightgown pie railing salesman smoky nighttime piece failroad sauce snack no piling rainbow saucepan snail noise' pillowcase raincoat saucer snapshot f noisy.) pilot. raindrop savage snout

noodle pineapple saving ..., so nose ping raainstorm' sawdugt sbak 'notice plain rainy scary soapy, November, playground raise schoolbook socket numb playhouse raisin schoolboy soften /AI_ numerator pocketbook ranger. schoolhouse solid'

/

8 18

someplace sunshiny through unable waiter somersault superman thumbtack unbuckle waitress sound suppose tie unbutton walke.r soup surprise tight uncover wallet speedy 'surround tighten underline wallop spoil swamp tightly underneath walnut sponge swampy tipto4 understand wand spout swan tired uneven wander squash syllable toad unfair want squat toast unfinished Washingtou squawk table toaster unfold washtub squiht tablecloth toe unhappy .wastebasket stain tablespoon toenail unhurt watchmaker starry tablespoonful together watchman starvation , tail tomato United States waterfall stew talkative tomboy universe weatherman stolen talker tomorrow unknown weigh storybook tamer tonight unload weight straighten tasteless torture unluckly wheelbarrow stranger tasty total unpack whenever saw tattletale touch unscrew whether strawberry taxi touchdown unselfish whew striking taxicab .( toyland untie whoa striped teastoonful toys hop untrue wintertime studies teenager towel unused wonderful stupid. terrible trail unwrap- wound submarine terrify train upstairs wrapper substitute Thanksgiving travel upward wrestle succeed thaw triangle use wrinkle' success theater ttigger writer successful themselves trouble vanilla written suddenly these trout vase wrote sue they true violin

\suggestion thief turkey visit - yesterday suit those type visitor young suitcase thought typewriter lvourself summertime thoughtful typist wad troy° sun10.ght thousand waffle sunrise throat - umbrella waist zebra

9 19

ADDENDUM TO APPENDIX B2

MOD 2 THIRDYEARAN[1DFOURTH-YEAR NEW WORDS

- ache*- closet macaroni shoelace* Africa : clothes* magazine* skeleton again* clothing* marshmallow smooth A against* comb* medicine somebody already copy melon spaghetti* alright cough* minute speedometer also crocodile model spinach' always a cross-eyed most* stomachache*

America* "41 earache* move* study American* elephant mciVie* sundae* animal elevator mustache* sword*. any* enemy necessary syrup anybody enough* Obody tease anyhow* 'everYbody*, oh telephone anymore* everyone* olive television anyone* everywhere pajamas their* anything* exactly pedal theirs* anytime* family people* thermometer

anyway* father . piano. tongue* anywhere* February pigeon* toothache* 'argument* figure please tough*

' aunt* friend* post' tricycle* backache* friendly* present truth*

balance General president . Tuesday banana 4 geography prison unfriendly* beautiful* ghost*_ prisoner valentine' bicycle* grandfather probably vegetable* body guy* promise* visit busy handkerchief* prove* wagon buy headache* recipe* watermelon cabin helicopter record whose* camel holiday restaurant* wind camera horseshoe* rough* windshield caterpillar iron* - salad wolf* catsup island* mNirta Claus wolves* celery janitor urday chili* January sausage chocolate* keyhole scissors* choose laugh* second Christmas* lemon sergeant* city lemonade sew* climb* shadow close lose* shoe*

2All words in this addendum were originally designated (in the initial word lists provided by Product Design) as irregular words and were not included in the list, regularly spelled words. However, the words in the addenduT were subsequently re-classified as regular (not asterisked above) and irregular (asterisked above) for instructional purposes. Any of the regular words may be included with the words in Appendix B as'new words in a story. The words listed as irregular (i.e., the asterisked words) in this addendum should be grouped together as new words in a story so that either all or none of the new words in a particular story are irregular. 20

APPENDIX C

MOD 2 FOURTH-YEAR VOCABULARY WORDS--

abbreviate armor billboard brute chopstick accept.-'' "4-tr4.. arose bind bu4gle°'* chore ace arrival bingo buffalo chosen, acorn, artery birthplace bugle chuckle 4 acquire artic blacksmith bullfrog cider active artichoke blank burro cigar adapt asparagus blare burst circular address- aspirin bleach circulate admiral assist blimp # cab circulation admit' assistance blinding caboose citrus adopt astonish bliatds camper clam adore astronaut blizzard cannery crank adult athlete blond cantaloupe clash adVertisement athletic ,blossom capacity clatter afar athletics blower capsize climate afire attempt blowout captive clinic aggravate attend blueberry captor. clipper agreement attic blunder carelessness cloak ahold attractive blur cargo- clod aid audience blurt caribou clog allow. August boast carnation clomp alongside author boathouse cartwheel clover Alps automobile bobcat cashier clump amuse, avalanche bobsled , catfish clung amusing avenue bolt cattle clutch angrily aviator bony cauliflower 'coast announcement avoid bookkeeper caution coax announcer awaken booklet cavern cobbler annual awkward boost cease coconut annually bored cell cocoon anteater babble boulder centipede cod antelope bacteria braVely certain collision antenna badminton bravery certainly colorful antler balcony breathless ,chairman colorless apartment ballad breathlessly channel colt apparel bandanna bride chant combat appear banish bridle chapped comfort appearance banjo brief charred comfortable applaud bathrobe briefcase chat comical applause battery brim chatter commit approach battleship brink checkerboard committee aquarium beam brittle childhood commonly I archer beaver broil ----childish commotion archery beckon broncd chilly compass architect behavior brook chime complex arise beneath brow chimpanzee complicated 'ark beverage brownish china compliment .armchair beware brunette chifp composer 21

composition cud donation exclaim foresee conceal curb doom excusable forgave concert curious doze exhale frail conductor cuss drawbridge exit fraction conference custard dreadful expel France confess custom drench expense frequent confetti cyclone dressmaker expert frequently confuse drift explanation friction consist daffodil drizzle export frigid constant daily drone expose frisky constantly dainty droop exterior fuel construct daisy L. drowsy extinct furious eantact dampen dryggist extract contain dampness due, extremely gaily w container dandelion duel gain

. contractor dangle duet fable gale contribution darken dugout factory gangster convenient dawn dune falcon gap convention dazzle dusk fame gargle conversation Dean dwell famed garlic- convert decay dwelling fare gash convict deck farewell gasp coop declare eagerly farmhouse gauze copilot decline east fasten gaze t, core deciease effect faWn gem corpse sieed effort fearless gentle correctly 'defeat elf feeler gentleman costly defend elk fellow gentleness cougar delighted embarrassing ferry gently courage demand embrace fever Germany courteous depart embroider fiddle glare courthouse deposit emerge fiddlef gleam cove deprive emperor Ibierce glee cowardly descend empire file glide cozy deserve employ flamingo glider crackle design employer flannel gliMmer , cram destroyer empress flavoring glimpse cranberry detective enable fled glisten Crane detour enjoyable fleet glitter crank dew enlarge flekible glove crate dial enlist flicker gnat crater dike enormous flock gondola crawfish dimple enroll/ florist goods crayfish- dinosaur entirely flounder goose

create director equator flow gorilla . creek disappointed erect fluid government crept discount erosion foe governor crew disLtke error foliage gown cripple disobey essay folks gradually' .crippled distant estate food grand cruise divide estimates foolishly granddad crumble dock, evergreen foblishness grasp crumple doe exackfy fore grassland cucumber dome excgiange foreman gravel

2 22 gravity hundredth jester loyalty mountainous greenhouse hunger' jeweler luggage mountainside grief hurricane. jigsaw lukewarm mourn grieve husky jockey lumberjack muffin grip- hut jot .lumberyard. muffler grizzly hyena journey mummy groan joyful major- munch grove iceberg joyfully male mural grownup icicle jumble mammoth museum growth icing jury, manhole mysterious' gruft identical ,mansion mystery grumble idle kangaroo mar myth guide igloo keg mare 't gulch illustrate kindness marker nag gulp immediate knapsack marooned nation a gust immortal knelt mascot/ navig ate gutter impolite knight mast navy gymnasium import knoll mastet neigh inconvenient knothole_ math nibble hail `Incorrect ise noiseless hairdresser increase label, maze noiselessly

Halloween infant- labor meadow nomad- - . harboi- infect laborer meanness -normally hardness _inferior. lack meantime nostril hare inflammable ladle mechanic noticeable harp' inform ladybug medium notify haiten information landlady mere notion hatchet inhabit lantern mermaid novel hawk inhale launch meteor nozzle headquarters' inherit lavender -4 Mexican numerous heap inn lawyer Mexico helpless inner layer migrate oar helplessly inscription leafy mill oasis hem . insist Ivan ' mimic obedient herd inspection leapfrog miner obtain hermite . inspector ledture'4, minnow obvious hint install ledgq6'., misbehave occupation

. hoarse instantly lens ,,, mispronounce occupy hobby instead lifesaver mistletoe occur hockey instruct fiVeable sr. t. misty octopus hog instruction likely --moan odor honeybee instructdr likeness moat odorless hoop instrument rimit mob officer hopeful intelligent, lively modern ointment horseman interior livestock moisten omit hostile invade litter moitture 'ooze housekeeper 'investigate locate -.1. molar open hula _invitation locker moment oppose hull ivy locust monsoon orchard humble lofty monthly orchestra humorous jackknife logger moonbeam orchid hunch Japan London motion organist hunchback jellyfish lookout motorist ornaments mount otherwise

23

10. 23

do

outfit pitchfork purchase reverse seashell outlaw plank purify rewrite section outstanding planter pygmy ridge, seek overboard Piaster rink seep overcast platform quail ripen seesaw overcoat plead quality rise seize overflow pleasant quest risk selection overhaul pleasantly quill roadrunner selfishness overhead pleat quiver robot sever overhear plough rodeo several overjoyed plow raccoon roommate shabby, overlook pluck racer root shack oversleep plump radar' rosette shampoo overtake poisonous radiant rotate shamrock overturn polar raid route shatter ox politely ranch rowboat shawl politeness rancher royal shelter pace polliwog ransom rubbish shepherd panic porcupine rapid rumble sherbert parakeet pore rapidly _rumor shield paralyzed 'port rapids shipmate Paris portable rare saber shone parrot portion rarely sabertooth', shortlived particle portrait raven sadden shortstop pastry posture ravine 'saddle shriek pasture pottery rebuild salmon shrivel pathetic pouch recall salute shrub pattern' poultry recent salVe shudder- pause pounce recently sandal shuck peacefully poverty record sandpaper sigh peacock powerful rectangular sandstone sight pebble praise reduce sardine signboard peculiar prank reflection sawmill silence peddle precede refreshment saxophone a silently peddler prefix refuse scab sincerely peg prepaid regret scald single penniless prevent rehearse scalp site perch previous remains scamper sketch perform priceless remark scarce skit perish pride repaid scavenger skyscraper permanent proceed repay scene slack permit proclaim reply scent slant pheasant producer request scheme slash phonograph projector require schoolmate sled phony pronounce resemble scorch sleepness photo; proof resist scowl sleet picket prophet resort scrapbook sleigh pier protest restless scuff slender pierce prowl result sculpture slight pigmy pry retreat scurry slightly pillar pulley' reveal sealion slit pingpong pulse :revenge seaplane slope pipeline puny revolve- search slouch pirate pupil revolving searchlight slumber

24 24 ,

slush state tangerine trinket voyager slushy steamboat tangle triple vulture smother steeple, task triumph smuggle steer tattoo troll wafer snatch stewardess teacup tropical wage sneer sticker teakettle trousers wail snoop stillness tee truant waken Snooze stilts teepee trudge wallpaper snort stingy ,, temperature tugboat warden snowbound stockyard termite tulip warehouse snug- stop terrier turf warlike snuggle stopper terrifiC tusk . warp soar storehouse terror twirl warpath soda stork thicken twitch warship sofa stray thigh wasp soil streak thimble ugh weakly solar stretcher thistle uncertain weakness solo strict thorn underground wealth soloist stride threat undone wealthy solve strode, threaten unexpected weapon soot stroke thrill unimportant. weary sorrowful stroll thriller uninjured ,weasel south struggle throb unite wed souvenir strut throne unkind wee sow stubby thunderstorm unpleasant ,weird Spanish student timber unseen, we 's! sparkle studious timid unsucestful 'west sparkler stun tireless untangled whether sparrow sturdy title ,unwise whiner r speaker subscription tonsil upkeep whny sphinx subtraction torch upset irl spike subway tornado usually whittle spire successfully torpedo wildflower splatter suffer torrid vacant wilt splint sulk tour vaccination windowpane splinter summit tourist valley wise sponge summon trader valuable wisely spooky sunbeam traffic van wishbone sprain sundown trailer vanish 'witchcraft springtime superior traitor vary witness sprint surf tramp vat wobbly squid surfboard trample vehicle wooded squirm, suspenders (, transparent vein woodpecker stable swat transport vent worthless stadium sway transportatibn verb wreath staff sweep trapper vibrate wrecker* staircase swiftly treatment victory wrench stairway swirl treaty view wriggly stalk swish tremble vine stallion symbol trench vitamin yak stampede sympathy trespass vizor yam' starter triangular volcano yank startle tailor trickle volleyball yelp stationary tambourine, trifle voyage yolk youth

2 5 25

ADDENDUM TO APPENDIX C1

MOD 2' FOURTH-YEAR VOCABULARY W9DS

absorb , dishonest* memorizd secretary acrobat dissolve mega* separate agate* doubt* metal sheriff* altogether dragon modern * amphibian* drawer* modify stationery anchor* energy mosquito* strength apologize , Europe* nuisance* strengthen astronomer evaporate observe tamale* . astronomy excuse original telegram atom* experiment* palace telescope baboon fragile* palm* tomb* bathe famine* parachute tortilla* biography geese patio trapeze bouquet* generous pelican triple broad* genuine* penguin* trophy* broadcast* gopher's., petal typhoon* cabinet gradually* pint* usually* calendar handsome pity value California harmonica planet visible calm* Hawaii* popular volunteer Canada honest* positive wizard canoe* honesty* possess catalog host postage* celebrate imagine postcard* celebration imitate postmaster* cemetery imtation postpone* comet incline proper consider include properly continue incredible property contribute inquire punish co-operate Italy punishment coyote* invisible purpose* criminal jaguar* pyramid* cupboard* lava raspberry* cushion leopard* recognize damage* liquid* referee decorate llama* regular decoration Los Angeles relative desert machine* remodel develop manager remove* diameter manufacture rhinoceros* disease- measles robin disguise* medal satisfy

1A11 words- in this addendumwere originally designated (in the initial :+o rd lists provided by Product Design) as irregular words and were not included in the listfof,regularly spelled vocabulary,words. However, the words in the addendum were subsequently re-classified.as regular (not asterisked above) and irregular (asterisked above) for instructional purposes. Any of the regular words may be included with the words in Appendix C as new words in a story. The words listed as irregular (i.e., the asterisked words) in this addendum should be zrouped together as new words iii a story so that either allor none of the new words in a particular stOry are irregular. 26

a. 44 4.410.$ 1 CIJ 1. 0 .,N .5' 1. 1 I.1.I t 1 h111fi10 .111/1 0 / 1 44 414, 4, 4 411 14 4/ i 1II '"' (.4 1. II 1 1 0 4 tfi 1 P ;) (.1 tit 44 :I t t 1411 t t." . ii.,1t- I 44it, 1. 1.0! 4.4,4: 1.1.I0 11 .0 41 :I. A 141 8. t 1 4 1.1, 4*. .41 .41 41 ,s1 4" 44 IA 004 , 4 4 4.. 111 it,. is4 4 4'4..4 1114 11 it 1. I'. it 411. 9 9.1 411.11 ) (.1 '4' 041 .1 414 44' 14. 400 ,161 144 .4 01 .1 .4 .4 441 If. l40", 1,3 ,g h4 4 4 WA 41 v 1 t. 10.i .1 1 - 4 1.7±4 I .1 t4e ' Se 14../VII ,...4,8 41 't4..0 ..4 4..4 iie,4.1 i . O.,IV if ir. 4 0 W". 1 .0., 4.1k , 1'1 .., -14

44 611 MaY. .1 t. `I1 '1,4 4 , 444 A 6 6 41' I, wI 6 !4 1 )d 144 d.ri 1.; IY ? I I

t' .4 41. a

28

Irregularly Spelled

Abigail George : Oliver Adam Geraldine Alan 'Gregory Pamela Alex Patricia Alexander Helen ..*Patrick Alice Hugh Penelope

Charlene Isabel Rachel alarlotte Rae A Janet Robert.

Daniel Janice Roger ' Deborah Jeanette Ronald Debra Jonathan Ruth .,tlana =Ana .._±-.e Lana Samuel Donald a Le6nard Stephen Stu __teen Madaline Sylvia E:eancr Malcblm* :::zabet ".area Theresa are Thonas irIC Matthew Thompson stng,r Mtchael Timothy t_icene Michelle F...;n:ce . Valerie Natalie Virginia F:c.-ier:: Nathaniel = Vivian

y 29

APPE,NDIXE

BEGINNING WORD LIST FOR MOD 2 THIRD-YEARSTORIESi

a blown crack first" happy jumprope above Bob trash fish -, hard June across book vowd fishpond hardly jungle after borrow Chown fix has just alike bottle tb flood have keep j all bottom floor hay keeper alone bow fly he Kim along , bowl dance fold head kind am box dark follow hear king an boy darknest food, help kittens. and , bread dash foot her lake Ann breakfast day for here -land answer breeze den forehead hid large ant bridge did, forest hide late are bring dig fork hike as broke .drip fort hill leave ask brown dirt freeze hilly lend at bubble dirty friend him let ate Bud , dish from his Lid away bull dizzy frown hold like back bulldog do fudge hole Lil bad bush does full home, lit badly but dog fun homework ball by done funny hop reek balloon, cage door game hope'' *l'og bam call dot gave horn long band came down gentle horse longer bandit camp drum get hot look bank' can' duck' giant how lot bark candy dust girl huge luck bashful 'canyon dusty give hungry lucky basket car dwarf glad hurry lunch be careful each gladly hurt made bear cart eat glow magic beast castle edge go ice man bed ?catch else goblin if many bedtime catchup empty gold in map been cave. enter goldfish inside Maria bell child face gone instead mark belt c fall good into mask bench c WTI far goodby is mat bend fell grass it may . bent fence gray Jack maybe best find grown jar me Beth fire growl job - melt big co fireman had jolly met bike covers fireplace ham jump mice bird caw firewood happen jumper middle

1When appropriate, the following endings may also be used with any word in this List: ing, ed, er, ly, y, s, es, 's, and fill. In addition, any two words listed above may be used to construct a compound word. 30 30'

mile pin runner slick swimmer tub mind pinch, Russ slid tack turn mine Pip sack.. slip taffy Tdt mirror pipe sad slow take, twice Mom pit sadly slowly tal' uncle, moon place saddle small tank under mop play safe ,smash teacher up

more playful , said smoke tear '- upset much plenty same Snap, Ted upon mud poke .sandwich sneeze us muddy pond sang snore ten very mule pool sank snow tennis wait must poor sat so tent walk my pop saw sock than want nap porch say sold thank was Nat prince scold some that way near puddle scoop son the we need pull scratch song them wear neat pumpkin ,scream soon then well

net purse sea soup ' there went next push seal spate they were nice put seat spell thick wet nip puzzle see spin thing what no quack sell spoonful think wheel

noon queen send spot thinker ' . when not quick sent spot third where note quicksand set spread this which nothing quit shade squeak thread while now rabbit she star throw white of, race shell start thunder who

old rang ship stay time ' why -on rascal shirt steep' tin ,wild once rattles shook -steeper Tip will one reach shop Steve tire window or read short stick' to wink out ready shorter sticker today wipe outside rent shortly sticky ,fold wish pack pest shorty still 'GOO witch page rice show stood took with Pam ride shut stop top without

pan rider sick stork torn woke ' park ring side storm town woman part Roberto simple itormy track wonder pat rock , since story trap wood path rOcky sing stove et work pay roll sink strong t ick worm pear roof sit stubborn tricky yard Peggy room skid stuck trip yell pen rope skip sudden yes pencil Rosa skunk Sunday truck yet person Ruff sky -sunk trunk you pick run slam swim try your zoo 4111

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