DOCSLIB.ORG

PDF Download Introduction to Population Ecology 2Nd Edition Kindle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PDF Download Introduction to Population Ecology 2Nd Edition Kindle INTRODUCTION TO POPULATION ECOLOGY 2ND EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Larry L Rockwood | 9781118947579 | | | | | Introduction to Population Ecology 2nd edition PDF Book Read an Excerpt Click to read or download. Community stability: A central tenet of classical ecology is that complex communities tend to be more stable largely based on observation theory recently challenged, argument that simple systems may be less subject to external disturbances. The time is the same as the one over which we measured population growth. Synoptic model of population growth after Southwood and Comins , J. Controversies in population ecology are brought fully up to date in this edition, with many brand new and revised examples and data. Sign in to Purchase Instantly. Characteristics of this line are: an intercept at lnX0 and a slope of r. Recent advances in insect population dynamics. Ecological theory and pest management. This favors rapid exponential growth of the population. I is the initial rate of immigration and P is the total number in the species pool on the mainland. The properties of populations change all the time, and the rate of change can vary from very low to high. And, how do adults bother the smaller ones? This is just like internodes and branches of a plant, except that the connections between them are gone. Slobdchikoff, and W. Many factors affect the various population processes: number of potential invaders, distance of source of invaders, conditions for invasion and settling, attractiveness favorability of crop. However, further looking for details about the causes of differences in food plant growth may be irrelevant. Frequent or continual disruptions may lead to persistent nonclimax community. On the other hand, a population of animals migrating in flocks or herds, for instance, has clearly recognizable boundaries at any moment, but its place changes constantly. Density- dependent mortality factors are those that are facultative in effect, density-independent mortality factors are those that are catastrophic in effect. Figure 9B. Harcourt, D. For example, comparing a population of a particular animal species in a rich and a poor habitat regarding food availability, we will usually see that population growth rate in the rich place is higher than in the poorer place. An additional final chapter, new for the second edition, considers multi-trophic and other complex interactions among species. About the book. Apple, J. Stinner, and G. The parallel between agroecosystems and island defaunation is obvious. Home Browse by Chapter Browse by Chapter. All right reserved. A population trajectory on its reproduction plane showing growth over three time increments N0 to N3 in a consistent envrionment and also following environmental degradation broken line at the end of the second time period. Plenum Press. Carl B. Generalized relationship between herbivore population density in one generation and herbivore population density in the next generation. The following division is based on the properties of the factors and their effects on the organisms. Other density-dependent mortality and stress also comes into play producing a marked increase in combined mortality. Rockwood: Introduction to Population Ecology, 2nd Edition. The number of competing species increase the competitive interactions must be proportionately weaker or instability will result. In Dr Rockwood was presented with the David J. The most variable term in the definition is the individual, even though it is the most tangible entity in ecology. Journal of Vegetation Science 1 1 : Introduction to Population Ecology 2nd edition Writer We can ask: How does the growth of the food plant vary in the landscape? Sigmoid curve: characteristic of vertebrate predators. He has been teaching introductory ecology, population ecology and tropical ecology for almost 40 years. Figure 9A. Figure 7 above. If the population is decreasing, r is a negative value. Implementing pest management programs: an international perspective. More Information Title Home on Wiley. The line at 45 degrees is the line of no growth, i. In Dr Rockwood was presented with the David J. One of the most useful starting points for a population ecologist is the development of a life table. Huffaker et al. Ecological Diversity. Do they eat less, or different things, with different digestibility? Metcalf and W. This is a matter of " focus " of observation: only overall quantities of the collection of individuals and the interactions among the individuals are considered. We can draw an infinite variety of these curves, relationships not necessarily straight line, stability will depend on characteristic of curves assuming these represent real life situation. Consequences of recent advances in understanding of population dynamics has lead to almost universal among ecologists acceptance of the proposition that population growth is geared to population density. A simple example is a population of animals that consume parts of plants in their habitat. Controversies in population ecology are brought fully up to date in this edition, with many brand new and revised examples and data. The superimposed reproduction planes show equilibrium lines for predator, Eb, and prey, Ea, and a particular dynamic trajectory. The Lotka-Volterra curve assumes that prey destruction is a function not only of natural enemy numbers, but also of prey density, i. How to Use This Site. The logical relations between environmental factors and the demography and properties of a population are shown in Fig. MacArthur and E. Added to Your Shopping Cart. Privacy Policy. This is, for instance, because the individual animals grow slower on the average or more die or less become reproductive. The mechanisms do not happen at the same level of organization as the phenomenon of population growth: the latter is observed by focusing on the properties of the population , while the mechanisms only come in view when we focus on individuals and follow them over a period of time. Maxwell and F. This has two purposes: a to differentiate populations from other entities that are not populations, and b to differentiate between different populations. A property of the population its density, or the density of a particular group of individuals influences the way an environmental factor works. Island Biogeography: MacArthur and Wilson Generalized relationship between herbivore population density in one generation and herbivore population density in the next generation. The states of individuals and the rates that form the connections between them, determine the life-cycle of the population. We can also extend our study to higher levels of organization, which is relevant for understanding the context of the population phenomenon the background. This is the case when there is no sexual reproduction at all, only fragmentation a form of vegetative propagation common in flatworms, for instance , or cleistogamy sexual reproduction by self-pollination without crossing between individuals in many plants - wild barley, for instance. The population dynamics of pests occurring over large areas can be investigated by gridding the area and monitoring population trends, studies of dispersal migration reproduction, competition, weather, environmental conditions, etc. Bailey proposed a population model that incorporated a "lag effect". Temporarily Out of Stock Online Please check back later for updated availability. Systems Ecology: an Introduction. What has emerged is that: Competitive interactions between species lead to instability unless dominated by negative feedbacks within self-loops, i. Muldrew Nevertheless, there are properties that all populations possess, though in different shapes and proportions. The density of the population at equilibrium K changes in direction to the favorability of the environment F. Press, Oxford, UK. An additional final chapter, new for the second edition, considers multi- trophic and other complex interactions among species. Harcourt, D. Introduction to Population Ecology 2nd edition Reviews Points above the line indicate population growth, those below the line population decline. Herbivores play an important role in plant succession by tending to harvest unthrifty members of a plant community, e. This is another way of saying that the factor operates on individuals , and changes their ability to survive, grow and reproduce. In , we exceeded 5 billion for the first time. The methods were developed originally for actuarial or demographic studies. Figure Contact Us Tech Support. Numerical response is the key to the success of entomophagous insects; occurs in the following ways: Concentration, not different from sigmoid curve of functional response. Wb is the marginal cost of a given level of predation. Radcliffe , Professor Emeritus Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota Background Thomas Malthus The first significant contribution to the theory of population ecology was that of Thomas Malthus, an English clergyman, who in published his Essay on the Principle of Population. Equilibrium in number of species present occurs where curves of rates of immigration and rates of extinction intersect. This is a problem inherent in biological systems and reflects their diverse and dynamic character. Algebraic rearrangement of this equation permits one to solve for the rate of population increase. Paul, MN entodept umn. They are calculated as the proportion of individuals in a particular stage who manage to get to the next stage. What has emerged is that:. Slobdchikoff,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecosystem Services Generated by Fish Populations
    AR-211 Ecological Economics 29 (1999) 253 –268 ANALYSIS Ecosystem services generated by fish populations Cecilia M. Holmlund *, Monica Hammer Natural Resources Management, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract In this paper, we review the role of fish populations in generating ecosystem services based on documented ecological functions and human demands of fish. The ongoing overexploitation of global fish resources concerns our societies, not only in terms of decreasing fish populations important for consumption and recreational activities. Rather, a number of ecosystem services generated by fish populations are also at risk, with consequences for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ultimately human welfare. Examples are provided from marine and freshwater ecosystems, in various parts of the world, and include all life-stages of fish. Ecosystem services are here defined as fundamental services for maintaining ecosystem functioning and resilience, or demand-derived services based on human values. To secure the generation of ecosystem services from fish populations, management approaches need to address the fact that fish are embedded in ecosystems and that substitutions for declining populations and habitat losses, such as fish stocking and nature reserves, rarely replace losses of all services. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ecosystem services; Fish populations; Fisheries management; Biodiversity 1. Introduction 15 000 are marine and nearly 10 000 are freshwa­ ter (Nelson, 1994). Global capture fisheries har­ Fish constitute one of the major protein sources vested 101 million tonnes of fish including 27 for humans around the world. There are to date million tonnes of bycatch in 1995, and 11 million some 25 000 different known fish species of which tonnes were produced in aquaculture the same year (FAO, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Closed Ecological Systems, Space Life Support and Biospherics
    11 Closed Ecological Systems, Space Life Support and Biospherics Mark Nelson, Nickolay S. Pechurkin, John P. Allen, Lydia A Somova, and Josef I. Gitelson CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TERMINOLOGY OF CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS:FROM LABORATORY ECOSPHERES TO MANMADE BIOSPHERES DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSION REFERENCES Abstract This chapter explores the development of a new type of scientific tool – man- made closed ecological systems. These systems have had a number of applications within the past 50 years. They are unique tools for investigating fundamental processes and interactions of ecosystems. They also hold the potentiality for creating life support systems for space exploration and habitation outside of Earth’s biosphere. Finally, they are an experimental method of working with small “biospheric systems” to gain insight into the functioning of Earth’s biosphere. The chapter reviews the terminology of the field, the history and current work on closed ecological systems, bioregenerative space life support and biospherics in Japan, Europe, Russia, and the United States where they have been most developed. These projects include the Bios experiments in Russia, the Closed Ecological Experiment Facility in Japan, the Biosphere 2 project in Arizona, the MELiSSA program of the European Space Agency as well as fundamental work in the field by NASA and other space agencies. The challenges of achieving full closure, and of recycling air and water and producing high- production crops for such systems are discussed, with examples of different approaches being used to solve these problems. The implications for creating sustainable technologies for our Earth’s environment are also illustrated. Key Words Life support r biospherics r bioregenerative r food r air r water recycling r microcosm rclosed ecological systems rBios rNASA rCEEF rBiosphere 2 rBIO-Plex.
    [Show full text]
  • Systems Conservation of Animal Populations
    Systems Conservation of Animal Populations Spring 2015 | FIW 5984/19850 SS:Systm Conserv Animal Poplns Instructor: Leandro Castello Office: 148 Cheatham Hall, Phone: 540-231-5046, E-mail: [email protected] Office hours: Mondays 2-5 pm Course description Systems Conservation of Animal Populations adopts an integrative approach to understanding problems of sustainable management and conservation of animals in natural landscapes. The course is founded on the idea that effective conservation of animal populations can only be achieved through consideration and management of broader, multifaceted factors related to natural ecosystems and human societies. The course seeks to help students conceptualize and articulate their own problems of study within an interdisciplinary framework. The course introduces students to approaches to understanding biological conservation problems as integrated systems by reviewing the literature of Systems Ecology and Social- Ecological Systems. It reviews key concepts and papers on ecosystem-based management, resource economics, user participation, policy, and governance. Attention is paid to the diversity of social-ecological settings across the globe and the role of rural communities in animal management and conservation. The course concludes with presentations and discussions led by the students of research projects analyzing animal conservations problems from a systems perspective. Classes are based on discussions of readings led jointly by students and instructor. Class time, location, and communication Lecture: Wednesdays & Fridays 2:30 – 3:45 pm, room 133 Cheatham Hall All communication will be done via Scholar, which is based on VT’s email system. Course textbooks Odum, Howard T. 2007. Environment, power, and society. Vol. 130. New York: Wiley- Interscience.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecosystem Approach and Systems Thinking
    Wicked Problems, Dynamic Solutions: The Ecosystem Approach and Systems Thinking This sourcebook accompanies the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on the Ecosystem Approach and Systems Thinking (EAST) developed by the Loyola Sustainability Research Centre at Concordia University, Montreal, and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in Nairobi, Kenya. The sourcebook is written for both teacher and student, though it is assumed that most of its readers will be teachers who are applying the MOOC to a hybrid class (blended learning) or are offering the MOOC to students and/or professionals in various branches of public administration, civil society, or the private sector. Each module is described in terms of the main learning objectives, a short introduction to the topic, a summary of prevalent policy initiatives and interventions, a list of suggested “discussion points” that can guide classroom or online discussions/debates, an annotated bibliography of some key sources that have been suggested by our subject experts, and a list of exciting websites, TED talks, and other Internet material that students can easily access for more information. A premium is put on brevity in this sourcebook: each module is dealt with in under fifteen pages. The actual MOOC contains far more material, including visual aids to the concepts and case study material. Each module is designed to take roughly four hours to complete for students in the MOOC; reading each module’s section in the sourcebook should take considerably less time. We have also refrained from including images, graphs, and other infographics in the sourcebook, since they are prominent features in the MOOC itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Past, Present, and Future of Closed Human Life Support Ecosystems - a Review
    47th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2017-311 16-20 July 2017, Charleston, South Carolina Past, Present, and Future of Closed Human Life Support Ecosystems - A Review Christine M. Escobar1 and Dr. James A. Nabity2 University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309 During the development of human space exploration, the idea of simulating the Earth’s biosphere to provide human life support led to the convergence of space biology and the field of ecology to develop closed manmade ecological systems. A space habitat can be thought of as an ecological system of human beings exchanging energy and material within a spacecraft. In order to understand and control material and energy exchange processes, one must combine basic ecological principles with the knowledge gained through Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) research to date. Experimentation in closed manmade ecosystems for spacecraft life support began in the 1960’s and over the years has shown biological life support systems to be realizable. By building on lessons learned, we can identify and prioritize future research objectives. Future development should focus on improved reliability of mechanical components, autonomous ecosystem control, closure of the carbon cycle (food generation and waste recycling), and the maintenance of long-term stability and robustness. A common need identified throughout all closed ecological life support systems (CELSS) research is mass and energy exchange models that enable intelligent autonomous control and design optimization. To validate mass balance models, integrated system level experiments are needed, but full-scale tests are time consuming and expensive. Small closed experimental ecosystems (microcosms) could allow observation of stability limits and response to perturbation with repeated short duration experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Economics
    ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS http://greenplanet.eolss.net.login.ezproxy.library.ualbert... Search Print this chapter Cite this chapter ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Brian Czech Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy, 5101 South 11th Street., Arlington, Virginia 22204, USA Keywords: allocation of resources, distribution of wealth, ecological economics, ecological footprint, economic growth, ecosystem services, limits to growth, natural capital, optimum scale, steady state economy Contents 1. Historical Development of Ecological Economics 2. Approach and Philosophy of Ecological Economics 3. Themes and Emphases of Ecological Economics 4. Policy Implications of Ecological Economics 5. Future Directions and Challenges for Ecological Economics 6. Conclusion Acknowledgements Related Chapters Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Ecological economics arose in the final decades of the 20th century out of concerns for environmental protection and economic sustainability. It was largely a response to a real or perceived lack of physical and biological underpinnings in neoclassical economics. It was also intended to infuse economics with a moral philosophy, in contrast with the amoral implications of neoclassical models portraying man as a rational, utility-maximizing automaton. Ecological economics is a transdisciplinary endeavor, incorporating and synthesizing concepts and findings from an array of natural and social sciences. Of particular importance are the laws of thermodynamics and basic principles of ecology. Limits to economic growth are thoroughly understood only via the first two laws of thermodynamics. The first law establishes that there is a limit to the inputs required for economic production, and the second law establishes that there are limits to the efficiency with which those inputs may be transformed into goods and services.
    [Show full text]
  • Network Based Tools and Indicators for Landscape Ecological Assessments, Planning, and Design
    NETWORK BASED TOOLS AND INDICATORS FOR LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS, PLANNING, AND DESIGN Andreas Zetterberg February 2009 TRITA-LWR.LIC 2045 ISSN 1650-8629 ISRN KTH/LWR/LIC 2045-SE ISBN 978-91-7415-249-4 Andreas Zetterberg TRITA-LWR.LIC 2045 © Andreas Zetterberg 2009 Cover image: Ecological network map showing high betweenness centrality of the Common European toad (Bufo bufo) through Stockholm, Sweden. Licentiate Thesis KTH-Environmental Management and Assessement Research Group Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN ii Network Based Tools and Indicators for Landscape Ecological Assessments, Planning, and Design ABSTRACT Land use change constitutes a primary driving force in shaping social-ecological systems world wide, and its effects reach far beyond the directly impacted areas. Graph based landscape ecologi- cal tools have become established as a promising way to efficiently explore and analyze the com- plex, spatial systems dynamics of ecological networks in physical landscapes. However, little attention has been paid to making these approaches operational within ecological assessments, physical planning, and design. This thesis presents a network based, landscape-ecological tool that can be implemented for effective use by practitioners within physical planning and design, and ecological assessments related to these activities. The tool is based on an ecological profile system, a common generalized network model of the ecological infrastructure, graph theoretic metrics, and a spatially explicit, geographically defined representation, deployable in a GIS. Graph theoretic metrics and analysis techniques are able to capture the spatio-temporal dynamics of complex systems, and the generalized network model places the graph theoretic toolbox in a geographically defined landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • Systems Ecology Intercollegiate Graduate Program Guidelines and Requirements
    Systems Ecology Intercollegiate Graduate Program Guidelines and Requirements SYSTEMS ECOLOGY INTERCOLLEGIATE GRADUATE PROGRAM COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SCIENCES and W.A. FRANKE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY AND CONSERVATION Administered by W.A. FRANKE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY AND CONSERVATION January 2017 Graduate Student Guidelines and Requirements for Policies and Procedures Last Updated 3/14/2017 Systems Ecology Intercollegiate Graduate Program Guidelines and Requirements 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 4 3 Description of Program ........................................................................................................................ 4 4 Admission to Program .......................................................................................................................... 5 4.1 Deadline for Consideration ........................................................................................................... 5 4.2 Admission Criteria ......................................................................................................................... 5 4.3 Application Procedures ................................................................................................................. 5 4.4 Research Assistantship (RA) support ............................................................................................ 6 4.5 Response to an offer of RA support .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Emergy Simulator, an Open Source Simulation Platform Dedicated to Systems Ecology and Emergy Studies
    EMERGY SIMULATOR, AN OPEN SOURCE SIMULATION PLATFORM DEDICATED TO SYSTEMS ECOLOGY AND EMERGY STUDIES Raphaël Valyi a,1, Enrique Ortega b, 2 a Candidate for Master of Science and Master of Materials at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Av Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully, France; b Professor at the Food Engineering Faculty of the Unicamp University 6121 CEP 13.083-862 Campinas - SP - Brazil ABSTRACT To develop more objective and more efficient criteria for judging sustainable development, the interactions between human activities and the environment are being simulated more often using various forms of systemic modeling. H.T. Odum was a pioneer in applying modeling concepts from electrical circuitry and irreversible thermodynamics to systems ecologyusually dedicated to electronics andor chemistry. The Emergy Simulator (EmSim) project is a computer implementation of the main concepts of Odum’s Energy Systems Language a.k.a. the Energy Circuit Language. First, with EmSim you can share models through the Internet or export them as drawings. Second, EmSim is able to translate Odum’s Energy Systems diagrams directly into a set of ordinary differential equations that it can then integrate and plot. Finally, EmSim can correctly compute emergies and transformities. If we admit that the emergy of a product is the sum, on a common basis, of all the available energy (eg. exergy) contributions required to make that product (from sun light for solar emergy or from fertile soil for ecological footprint) then EmSim is able propagate the emergy in very complex production networks involving recycling loops and co-productions. If you are able to enter an exergy weigthed causal diagram, then EmSim can compute the emergy of the various products and also infer their transformity! You are welcome to try it on line, learn more and participate at: h ttp://emsim.sourceforge.net a democratic project open for unlimited improvement by otherss.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Systems Ecology John S
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Syllabi Course Syllabi Spring 2-1-2019 BIOS 534.01: Integrated Systems Ecology John S. Kimball University of Montana - Missoula Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/syllabi Recommended Citation Kimball, John S., "BIOS 534.01: Integrated Systems Ecology" (2019). Syllabi. 9326. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/syllabi/9326 This Syllabus is brought to you for free and open access by the Course Syllabi at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Syllabi by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTEGRATED SYSTEMS ECOLOGY (BIOS 534) Spring 2019 Professor: John Kimball ISB 416, Phone: 243-4922 Office Hours: Fridays 3-5PM or by appointment Text (recommended): Forest Ecosystems: Analysis at Multiple Scales (2010), by R.H. Waring and S.W. Running. Class Schedule: Bldg/Rm: CHCB 426; Cr: 3; Days: MW; Time: 11AM-12:50PM SCHEDULE: DATE SESSION CH TOPIC 1/14 1 --- Class Introduction and Summary 1/16 2 1 Ecosystem Modeling Principles 1 1/21 --- --- NO CLASS (Martin Luther King Jr Day) 1/23 3 1 Ecosystem Modeling Principles 2 1/28 4 1 Space/Time Scaling 1/30 5 2 Energy Budgets 2/4 6 2 Water Cycle 2/6 7 3 Carbon Cycle 1 - Photosynthesis 2/11 8 3 Carbon Cycle 2 - Respiration 2/13 9 --- CLASS MODEL SUMMARIES 2/18 --- --- NO CLASS (Presidents Day) 2/20 10 3 Carbon Cycle 3 – Plant Carbon Allocation
    [Show full text]
  • Global Effects of Soil and Climate on Leaf Photosynthetic Traits and Rates
    Global Ecology and Biogeography, (Global Ecol. Biogeogr.) (2015) 24, 706–717 bs_bs_banner RESEARCH Global effects of soil and climate on leaf PAPER photosynthetic traits and rates Vincent Maire1*†, Ian J. Wright1, I. Colin Prentice1,2, Niels H. Batjes3, Radika Bhaskar4, Peter M. van Bodegom5,WillK.Cornwell6,7, David Ellsworth8, Ülo Niinemets9, Alejandro Ordonez10, Peter B. Reich8,11 and Louis S. Santiago12,13 1Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie ABSTRACT University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia, Aim The influence of soil properties on photosynthetic traits in higher plants is 2AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the poorly quantified in comparison with that of climate. We address this situation by Environment and Grantham Institute – quantifying the unique and joint contributions to global leaf-trait variation from Climate Change and the Environment, soils and climate. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College Location Terrestrial ecosystems world-wide. London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK, 3ISRIC – World Soil Information, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Methods Using a trait dataset comprising 1509 species from 288 sites, with Netherlands, 4Environmental Change climate and soil data derived from global datasets, we quantified the effects of 20 Initiative, Brown University, Providence, RI, soil and 26 climate variables on light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Aarea), stomatal 5 USA, Institute of Environmental Sciences, conductance (gs), leaf nitrogen and phosphorus (Narea and Parea) and specific leaf Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The area (SLA) using mixed regression models and multivariate analyses. Netherlands, 6Department of Systems Ecology, Results Soil variables were stronger predictors of leaf traits than climatic vari- Institute of Ecological Science, VU Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ables, except for SLA.Onaverage,Narea, Parea and Aarea increased and SLA decreased 7School of Biological, Earth and Environmental with increasing soil pH and with increasing site aridity.
    [Show full text]
  • Systems Ecology Intercollegiate Graduate Program Guidelines and Requirements
    Systems Ecology Intercollegiate Graduate Program Guidelines and Requirements SYSTEMS ECOLOGY INTERCOLLEGIATE GRADUATE PROGRAM COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES and COLLEGE OF FORESTRY AND CONSERVATION Administered in COLLEGE OF FORESTRY AND CONSERVATION Graduate Student Guidelines and Requirements for Policies and Procedures Last Updated 6/14/2016 Systems Ecology Intercollegiate Graduate Program Guidelines and Requirements 1 Table of Contents 2 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 4 3 Description of Program ........................................................................................................... 4 4 Admission to Program............................................................................................................. 5 4.1 Deadline for consideration ............................................................................................... 5 4.2 Admission criteria ............................................................................................................. 5 4.3 Application Procedures .................................................................................................... 5 4.4 Transfer of UM Graduate Students from other programs to SEIGP ................................ 6 4.5 Research Assistantship (RA) support ............................................................................... 6 4.6 Response to an offer of RA support ................................................................................
    [Show full text]