Acronyms and Abbreviations
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ACATS Advisory Committee on Ad BMCP Bidirectional Motion-Compen- vanced Television Service sated Prediction ACR/NEMA American College of Radi BTC Block Truncation Coding ologylNational Electrical Manufactur BTl British Telecom International ers Association B-tree Balanced-tree ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse CCD Charge-Coupled Device Code Modulation CCIR Consultative Committee for Inter ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber national Radio Line CCITT Consultative Committee for Inter AES Audio Engineering Society national Telephony & Telegraphy ALDC Adaptive Lossless Data Com CD Compact Disc pression CDMA Code-Division Multiple Access AM Amplitude Modulation communications ANSI American National Standards In CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data stitute CD-E Compact Disc-Erasable APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Net CD-I Compact Disc-Interactive working CD-R Compact Disc-Recordable ASCII American national Standard Code CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only of Information Interchange (a byte Memory oriented character encoding scheme) CD-ROM XA Compact Disc-Read ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Only Memory eXtended Architecture Circuit CELP Code-Excited Linear Predictive ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode coding ATRAC Adaptive TRansform Acoustic CIF Common Intermediate Format for Coding H.261 video ATV Advanced (digital) Television CISC Complex Instruction-Set Computer BLDC Bit-mapped Lossless Data Com CLI Compression Laboratories Inc. pression CPU Central Processing Unit 371 372 Acronyms and Abbreviations CR Computed Radiography. GB GigaBytes CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check error- GBS GigaBytes per Second detecting code GHz GigaHertz DAB Digital Audio Broadcast GIF Graphics Interchange Format DAR Digital Audio Radio GIl Global Information Infrastructure DARS Digital Audio Radio Services GOP Group of Pictures (for MPEG com- DAT Digital Audio Tape pression) DAVIC Digital Audio-Video Council GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile dB Decibel GUI Graphic User Interface DBCS Double Byte Character Set (a dou HDC Hardware Data Compression (a ble-byte-oriented character encoding data compression algorithm for IBM scheme) 3430 tape) DBMS DataBase Management System HDTV High-Definition Television DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite Hz Hertz DCC Digital Compact Cassette tape IAU Image Acquisition Unit DCT Discrete Cosine Transform IEC International Electrotechnical Com DEC net Digital Equipment Corporation mission networking IDRC Improved Data Recording Capabil DF Digital Fluorography ity (an IBM-developed data compres DFT Discrete Fourier Transform sion algorithm for tape) DICOM Digital Imaging and Communi- IMACS Image Management And Com cations in Medicine munications System DOS Disk Operating System ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network DPCM Differential Pulse Code Modu- ISO International Organization for Stan lation dardization DSA Digital Subtractive Angiography lIT Integrated Information Technology DSP Digital Signal Processor ITU-R International Telecommunication DSS Digital Satellite System Union-Radio DVB Digital Video Broadcast ITU-T International Telecommunication DVC Digital Video Cassette (a VCR Union-Transmission format) ITU-T G.711 ITU-T standard for general DVCR Digital VCR telephony speech coding DVD Digital Video Disc ITU-T G.721 ITU-T standard for general DVI Digital Video Interactive telephony speech coding D-VHS Data-Video Home System (a ITU-T G.722 ITU-T standard for wide VCR format) band speech coding DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform ITU-T G.723 ITU-T standard for general EBCDIC Extended Binary-Coded Deci telephony speech coding mal Interchange Code (a byte-oriented ITU-T G.726 ITU-T standard for general character encoding scheme) telephony speech coding ECC Error-Correcting Code ITU-T G.727 ITU-T standard for speech FAX Facsimile coding on packet-oriented networks FBI U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation ITU-T G.728 ITU-T standard for general FCC Federal Communications Com- telephony speech coding mission ITU·T G.729 ITU-T standard for cellular FM Frequency Modulation telephony speech coding fps frames per second ITU·T H.261 ITU-T standard for motion FS Federal Standards (U.S. Federal Gov video compression for videotelephony ernment) and videoconferencing on ISDN Acronyms and Abbreviations 373 ITU-T H.262 ITU-T standard for motion LRU Least-Recently Used video compression for high-resolution LZS Lempel-Ziv-Stacker (a compression videoconferencing over ATM algorithm for symbolic data) ITU-T H.263 ITU-T standard for motion LZW Lempel-Ziv-Welch (a compression video compression for video telephony algorithm for symbolic data) over PSTN analog telephone lines M Million ITU-T H.320 ITU-T standards series for MAN Metropolitan-Area Network videotelephony and videconferencing Mbps Megabits per second on ISDN MB MegaBytes ITU-T H.323 ITU-T standards series for Mb Megabits data, audio, and videoconferencing MBONE Multicast Backbone over packet-switched networks MBS MegaBytes per Second ITU-T H.324 ITU-T standards series for MCP Motion-Compensated Prediction videotelephony over PSTN analog tele MD MiniDisc phone lines MDCT Modified Discrete Cosine ITU-T T.120 ITU-T standards for data Transform and graphics conferencing MDDS Multipoint Multichannel Distribu- ITU-T T.4 lTU-T Group 3 compression tion System algorithm for FAX MH Modified Huffman coding ITU-T T.6 lTU-T Group 4 compression MHz MegaHertz algorithm for FAX MIPS Millions of Instructions Per ITU-T T.81 ITU-T standard for JPEG im Second age compression mm Millimeter ITU-T T.82 ITU-T standard for JBIG im MMR Modified Modified Read coding age compression MO Magneto-Optical ITU-T V.42bis ITU-T standard for mo MPLP MultiPulse-excited Linear Predic dem data compression tion coding I/O Input/Output MP-MLQ MultiPulse Maximum Likeli JBIG Joint Bi-Ievel Image experts Group hood Quantization coding (a compression algorithm for image MR Modified Read coding data) MS-DOS Microsoft Disk Operating JDC Japanese Digital Cellular System JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group (a compression algorithm for still, con (an algorithm for motion video com tinuous-tone image data) pression) KB KiloBytes M-JPEG Motion-JPEG (a video compres KHz KiloHertz sion technique) Kbps Kilobits per second NAB National Association of Broad LAN Local-Area Network casters LCD Liquid-Crystal Display NASA National Aeronautics and Space LD-CELP Low Delay-Code-Excited Administration Linear Predictive coding NIl National Information Infrastructure LEC Local Exchange Carrier (telephone NM Nuclear Medicine company) NTSC National Television Signal Com LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution mittee (U.S. analog television transmis System sion standard) LPAS Linear-Prediction-based Analysis OCR Optical Character Recognition by-Synthesis coding OLTP Online Transaction Processing LPC Linear Predictive Coding OSI Open-Systems Interconnection 374 Acronyms and Abbreviations OSTA Optical Storage Technology Asso SG3 A PictureTel Corporation data com ciation pression algorithm for videoconfer PACS Picture Archive and Communica encing tions System SMDS Switched Multimegabit Data PAL Phase Alternation Line (a European Service analog television transmission SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and standard) Television Engineers PASC Precision Audio Subband Coding SMR Signal-to-Mask Ratio PC Personal Computer SNA IBM System Network Architecture PCI Peripheral Component Interface (a SPECT Single Photon Emission Compu- PC local bus) terized Tomography PCM Pulse Code Modulation STDM Statistical Time-Division Multi PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory plexing Card International Association S-VHS Super Video Home System (a PD Phase-change Dual VCR format) PDA Personal Digital Assistant TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / PEL Picture Element Internet Protocol PET Positron Emission Tomography TDM Time-Division Multiplexing Pixel Picture Element TDMA Time-Division Multiple Access POTS Plain Old Telephone Service communications PSI-CELP Pitch Synchronous Innova- Telco Telephone company tive-Code-Excited Linear Predictive TIA Telephone Industry Association coding (North American) PSTN Public Switched Telephone TV Television Network T-1 A digital data transmission system op QCELP Quantized Code-Excited Linear erating at 1.544 Mbps Predictive coding UHF Ultra-High-Frequency television QCIF Quarter-Common Intermediate For channel assignment mat for H.261 video U.S. United States RAID Redundant Arrays of Independent VCELP Vector-sum Excited Linear Pre Disks dictive coding RAM Random Access Memory VCR Video Cassette Recorder RAU Report Acquisition Unit VHF Very-High-Frequency television RBOC Regional Bell Operating Com channel assignment panies VHS Video Home System (a VCR READ Relative Element Address Desig- format) nate coding VLSI Very Large-Scale Integration RGB Red-Green-Blue color components VRAM Video Random Access Memory RISC Reduced Instruction-Set Computer WAN Wide-Area Network ROC Receiver Operating Characteristic WORM Write-Once Read Many ROM Read-Only Memory X.2S A packet-switching network pro- RPE-LTP Regular Pulse Excitation- tocol Long-Term Prediction coding YUV Luminance-chrominance-chromi RPM Revolutions Per Minute nance color components SDTV Standard-Definition Television 3M Minnesota Mining and Manufactur SECAM Sequential Couleur Avec Mem- ing Company oire (a European analog television transmission standard) References [AHA95] AHA3410 StarLite™ 25 Mbytes/Sec Simultaneous Lossless Data Compression/ Decompression Coprocessor IC, Advanced Hardware Architectures AHA3410 Product