TAP Portugal

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TAP Portugal TAP Portugal por José Manuel Tavares dos Santos Bom Dissertação Apresentada como Requisito Parcial para a Obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Gestão de Empresas pela Faculdade de Economia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2005 José Manuel Bom – MBA 2004/2005 – Universidade Nova de Lisboa Orientador: Prof. Doutor Miguel Pina e Cunha – Faculdade de Economia – Universidade Nova de Lisboa Tese de Mestrado – MBA 2004/2005 TAP Portugal ÍNDICE 1. Dedicatória........................................................................................................................................................................5 2. Agradecimentos ................................................................................................................................................................6 3. Prefácio..............................................................................................................................................................................7 4. Resumo..............................................................................................................................................................................8 5. Abstract.............................................................................................................................................................................9 6. Introdução.......................................................................................................................................................................10 7. Caso A: A Primeira Revolução nos Paradigmas Culturais da TAP ..........................................................................13 7.1. Enquadramento .......................................................................................................................................13 7.2. A “Armada Brasileira” ...........................................................................................................................19 7.3. O Consulado de Cardoso e Cunha .........................................................................................................25 7.4. Como Foi Possível Evitar a Falência da TAP: os Resultados Históricos de 2003 ..............................31 7.5. Comunicação, Diálogo e Paz Social........................................................................................................37 8. Caso B: Dinâmica Actual da Indústria da Aviação Comercial ..................................................................................41 8.1. As Companhias de Low Cost...................................................................................................................42 8.2. A Star Alliance e as Outras Alianças Globais .......................................................................................45 8.3. O Atlântico Sul e a Parceria com a VARIG ..........................................................................................51 9. A Segunda Revolução nos Paradigmas Culturais da TAP .........................................................................................63 9.1. Caso C: Relações Laborais .....................................................................................................................65 9.2. Caso D: Recursos Humanos....................................................................................................................74 9.3. Caso E: Capacidades Organizativas ......................................................................................................90 10. Os Desafios Estratégicos da TAP............................................................................................................................114 10.1. Caso F: O Novo Aeroporto de Lisboa..................................................................................................114 10.2. Caso G: A Sempre Adiada Privatização..............................................................................................159 11. Conclusão: Os Caminhos a Percorrer e Algumas Recomendações .....................................................................162 12. Notas Pedagógicas....................................................................................................................................................169 13. Referências ...............................................................................................................................................................191 14. Glossário ...................................................................................................................................................................203 15. Apêndice I: A Ryanair.............................................................................................................................................204 16. Apêndice II: As Companhias Aéreas de Low Cost Transatlânticas.....................................................................205 17. Apêndice III: Organograma da TAP .....................................................................................................................206 18. Apêndice IV: Inquéritos Laborais employee surveys.............................................................................................207 19. Apêndice V: Informação de Gestão da TAP..........................................................................................................212 20. Apêndice VI: Análise Financeira e Operacional da TAP.....................................................................................214 21. Apêndice VII: Alianças e Parcerias da TAP..........................................................................................................215 22. Apêndice VIII: Caracterização Macroeconómica de Portugal ............................................................................217 23. Apêndice IX: Resumo Histórico da TAP ...............................................................................................................221 24. Apêndice X: A Frota da TAP a 1 de Janeiro de 2005 ...........................................................................................222 25. Apêndice XI: Classes Profissionais da TAP...........................................................................................................223 26. Apêndice XII: A Realidade da Aviação Comercial no Brasil...............................................................................227 27. Apêndice XIII: Aeroportos e Navegação Aérea – Aeroportos de Portugal – ANA............................................230 3 Tese de Mestrado – MBA 2004/2005 TAP Portugal Lista de Figuras Figura A – 1: Previsões de crescimento do tráfego aéreo de 1998 a 2005................................................................................14 Figura A – 2: Quadro resumo da actual dinâmica da indústria da aviação comercial...............................................................15 Figura A – 3: Correlação histórica entre crescimento macroeconómico e tráfego aéreo ..........................................................16 Figura A – 4: Rotas e destinos da TAP .....................................................................................................................................34 Figura B – 1: Rotas Low Cost na Europa..................................................................................................................................42 Figura B – 2: Evolução do tráfego aéreo de passageiros entre o Brasil e a Europa ..................................................................52 Figura B – 3: Caracterização do mercado doméstico brasileiro de transporte aéreo.................................................................54 Figura B – 4: Evolução do tráfego internacional de passageiros de e para o Brasil..................................................................56 Figura E – 1: Criação de valor na aviação comercial................................................................................................................92 Figura E – 2: Lista de capacidades organizativas da TAP ........................................................................................................95 Figura E – 3: Índice de satisfação dos passageiros das companhias aéreas norte-americanas ..................................................97 Tabela E – 4: Cadeia de valor da easyJet................................................................................................................................104 Figura F – 1: Evolução histórica do número de passageiros e dos movimentos de aeronaves no aeroporto da Portela .........127 Figura F – 2: Série cronológica do tráfego aéreo português entre 1970 e 2005......................................................................128 Figura F – 3: Padrões de crescimento do número de passageiros no aeroporto da Portela até 2020.......................................134 Figura F – 4: Padrões de crescimento do número de movimentos de aeronaves no aeroporto da Portela ..............................134 Figura F – 5: Local de construção previsto para o novo aeroporto na Ota..............................................................................146 4 Tese de Mestrado – MBA 2004/2005 TAP Portugal 1. DEDICATÓRIA Dedico a presente dissertação à minha filha, Carolina Tenil Sares Bom 5 Tese de Mestrado – MBA 2004/2005 TAP Portugal 2. AGRADECIMENTOS Dirijo um agradecimento particular à Prof. Doutora Betânia Tanure, da Fundação Dom Cabral (Brasil) pela oportunidade, que me concedeu, e pela confiança
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