The Second Part of King Henry IV William Shakespeare , Edited by Giorgio Melchiori , with Contributions by Adam Hansen Frontmatter More Information

Home , John Woodvine, Richard the Second, Second Folio, William Houston (actor)

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86926-3 — The Second Part of King Henry IV William Shakespeare , Edited by Giorgio Melchiori , With contributions by Adam Hansen Frontmatter More Information

THE NEW CAMBRIDGE SHAKESPEARE

  Brian Gibbons

   A. R. Braunmuller, University of California, Los Angeles

From the publication of the ﬁrst volumes in  the General Editor of the New Cambridge Shakespeare was Philip Brockbank and the Associate General Editors were Brian Gibbons and Robin Hood. From  to  the General Editor was Brian Gibbons and the Associate General Editors were A. R. Braunmuller and Robin Hood.

THE SECOND PART OF KING HENRY IV

Giorgio Melchiori offers a fresh approach to the text of The Second Part of King Henry IV, which he sees as an unplanned sequel to the First Part, itself a ‘remake’ of an old, non- Shakespearean play. The Second Part deliberately exploits the popular success of Sir John Falstaff, introduced in Part One; the resulting rich humour gives a comic dimension to the play which makes it a unique blend of history, Morality play and comedy. Among modern editions of the play this is the one most ﬁrmly based on the quarto. It presents an eminently actable text, by showing how Shakespeare’s own choices are superior for practical purposes to suggested emendations, and by keeping interference in the original stage directions to a minimum, in order to respect, as Shakespeare did, the players’ freedom. This updated edition includes a new introductory section by Adam Hansen describing recent stage, ﬁlm and critical interpretations.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86926-3 — The Second Part of King Henry IV William Shakespeare , Edited by Giorgio Melchiori , With contributions by Adam Hansen Frontmatter More Information

THE NEW CAMBRIDGE SHAKESPEARE

All’s Well That Ends Well, edited by Russell Fraser Antony and Cleopatra, edited by David Bevington As You Like It, edited by Michael Hattaway The Comedy of Errors,editedbyT.S.Dorsch Coriolanus, edited by Lee Bliss Cymbeline, edited by Martin Butler Hamlet, edited by Philip Edwards Julius Caesar, edited by Marvin Spevack King Edward III, edited by Giorgio Melchiori TheFirstPartofKingHenryIV, edited by Herbert Weil and Judith Weil The Second Part of King Henry IV, edited by Giorgio Melchiori King Henry V, edited by Andrew Gurr TheFirstPartofKingHenryVI, edited by Michael Hattaway The Second Part of King Henry VI, edited by Michael Hattaway The Third Part of King Henry VI, edited by Michael Hattaway King Henry VIII, edited by John Margeson King John,editedbyL.A.Beaurline The Tragedy of King Lear, edited by Jay L. Halio King Richard II, edited by Andrew Gurr King Richard III, edited by Janis Lull Love’s Labour’s Lost, edited by William C. Carroll Macbeth, edited by A. R. Braunmuller Measure for Measure, edited by Brian Gibbons The Merchant of Venice,editedbyM.M.Mahood The Merry Wives of Windsor, edited by David Crane A Midsummer Night’s Dream, edited by R. A. Foakes Much Ado About Nothing,editedbyF.H.Mares Othello, edited by Norman Sanders Pericles, edited by Doreen DelVecchio and Antony Hammond The Poems,editedbyJohnRoe Romeo and Juliet, edited by G. Blakemore Evans The Sonnets, edited by G. Blakemore Evans The Taming of the Shrew, edited by Ann Thompson The Tempest, edited by David Lindley Timon of Athens,editedbyKarlKlein Titus Andronicus, edited by Alan Hughes Troilus and Cressida, edited by Anthony B. Dawson Twelfth Night, edited by Elizabeth Story Donno The Two Gentlemen of Verona, edited by Kurt Schlueter The Two Noble Kinsmen, edited by Robert Kean Turner and Patricia Tatspaugh The Winter’s Tale, edited by Susan Snyder and Deborah T. Curren-Aquino

   The First Quarto of Hamlet, edited by Kathleen O. Irace The First Quarto of King Henry V, edited by Andrew Gurr The First Quarto of King Lear, edited by Jay L. Halio The First Quarto of King Richard III, edited by Peter Davison The First Quarto of Othello, edited by Scott McMillin The First Quarto of Romeo and Juliet, edited by Lukas Erne The Taming of a Shrew: The  Quarto, edited by Stephen Roy Miller

THE SECOND PART OF KING HENRY IV Updated edition

Edited by GIORGIO MELCHIORI

cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City

Cambridge University Press h e Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, UK

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521869263

h is publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 1989 Updated edition 2007 Reprinted 2012

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

isbn 978-0-521-86926-3 Hardback isbn 978-0-521-68950-2 Paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of i rst printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.

CONTENTS

List of illustrations page vi Preface viii List of abbreviations and conventions x Introduction  Publication and date  Unconformities  The sources and The Famous Victories  The Henriad as remake  Rewriting the remake  The Morality structure  The comedy of humours  City and country comedy  Language  History  Psychodrama  Time and disease  Part Two on the stage  Recent stage, ﬁlm and critical interpretations, by Adam Hansen  Note on the text  List of characters  T P  Textual analysis  Appendixes  Shakespeare’s use of Holinshed   Some historical and literary sources   The Famous Victories   Tarlton and the Lord Chief Justice  Reading list  v

ILLUSTRATIONS

 Title page of the  quarto (by permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge) page   A possible Elizabethan staging of the opening scene. Drawing by C. Walter Hodges   Act , Scene : an Elizabethan staging. Drawing by C. Walter Hodges   Act , Scene : Falstaff and Doll Tearsheet. Engraving by W. Leney after the painting by Henry Fuseli, for the Boydell Shakespeare Gallery,    Act ,Scene: the taking of the crown. Engraving by R. Thew after the painting by John Boydell, for the Boydell Shakespeare Gallery   ‘The hook-nosed fellow of Rome’ (..). From The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romanes, compared together by the graue learned Philosopher and Historiographer, Plutarke (), p.  (by permission of the Dean and Chapter of Peterborough Cathedral)   Act , Scene : alternative ways of staging the change of location. Drawings by C. Walter Hodges   Theophilus Cibber as Pistol, Drury Lane,    Constance Benson as Doll Tearsheet,    Dorothy Massingham as Doll Tearsheet,    Laurence Olivier as Justice Shallow (photograph: John Vickers)   Act , Scene : Anthony Quayle and Richard Burton,  (photograph: Angus McBean)   Act , Scene : Falstaff enrols his ragamufﬁns. Hugh Grifﬁth and David Warner,  (photograph: Gordon Goode)   Act , Scene : Gemma Jones as Doll and Miriam Karlin as Mistress Quickly,  (photograph: Chris Davies)   Act , Scene : the slaughter at Gaultree in the – Parma production (photograph: Maurizio Buscarino)   Act , Scene : Falstaff pleads with the audience. Gigi dall’Aglio in the – Parma production (photograph: Maurizio Buscarino)   Jenny Quayle as Doll Tearsheet and John Woodvine as Falstaff, – (photograph: Laurence Burns)   Michael Gambon as Sir John Falstaff and Susan Brown as Mistress Quickly in Nicholas Hytner’s  National Theatre production, London (photograph taken by and courtesy of Catherine Ashmore) 

vii List of illustrations

 William Houston as Henry V and Desmond Barrit as Falstaff, in Michael Attenborough’s  production at the Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (photograph by John Haynes, courtesy of the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust) 

Illustrations , ,  and  are reproduced by courtesy of the Shakespeare Centre Library, Stratford-upon-Avon

PREFACE

It is unusual to entrust the two parts of Henry IV to different editors, but the splendid results of this policy in the Variorum edition of half a century ago, when Part One was edited by H. B. Hemingway () and Part Two by M. A. Shaaber (), give warrant for adopting it. Concentrating on only one of the two plays an editor is forced to examine with greater care the question of its relationship with the other (and, in the case of Henry IV, with Henry V and The Merry Wives of Windsor as well), so that it becomes a vantage point from which to survey the elusive play of interrelations in the whole sequence of Shakespeare’s histories. Besides, the two parts posit such widely divergent textual problems that a single editor may ﬁnd it difﬁcult to disentangle them. In tackling the Second Part I had the advantage of exchanging notes with the editor of the First, Herbert Weil, as well as of enjoying the constant friendly guidance of the General Editor, Philip Brockbank. My greatest debt is to him, while the existence of Shaaber’s edition made my basic task much easier. I have learnt a lot from the more recent editors of the play, notably P. H. Davison and the late A. R. Humphreys, from Harold Jenkins and from a host of scholars whose contributions are at times inadequately recorded in the Introduction and Textual Analysis, or mentioned in the Reading List. But I am particularly grateful to the editors of the play in the new Oxford Shakespeare, John Jowett and Gary Taylor, who kept me informed of the progress of their work: though I was unable to share their views on several points in textual and other matters, their communications have always been extremely stimulating. My task was made very pleasant by my repeated stays in Cambridge during the last seven years, in the hospitable atmosphere of Clare Hall, to whose President, members and staff I wish to express my thanks for making me welcome at all times. I enjoyed the same warm and friendly welcome at the Shakespeare Institute in Stratford-upon-Avon, whose guest I was in the spring of . I was greatly helped by the constant amicable interest in the progress of my work shown by Muriel Bradbrook, and by her generous hospitality, and I am grateful to Kenneth Muir and the British Academy for offering me, together with the honour, the opportunity of testing some of the ideas resulting from the work on this edition in the Annual Shakespeare Lecture of . Without the constant help over the years of my old friend and colleague Vittorio Gabrieli I would have lost myself in the meanders of British historiography. I could not have embarked on this enterprise without the facilities and the help offered by the staff of the Cambridge University Library, and especially by Janice Fairholm who hunted up several things for me, of the English Faculty Library in Cambridge, of the Shakespeare Institute and of the Shakespeare Centre in viii

ix Preface

Stratford-upon-Avon. Finally I am grateful for the constant help from the Press, especially Sarah Stanton and Victoria Cooper, who spared me the heavy task of procuring the illustrations. Walter Hodges was delightfully co-operative in produc- ing his admirable drawings. Paul Chipchase went through the typescript with a very ﬁne comb; I lay a personal claim to the mistakes left in it.

G. M. Clare Hall, Cambridge

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS

Shakespeare’s plays, when cited in this edition, are abbreviated in a style modiﬁed slightly from that used in the Harvard Concordance to Shakespeare. Other editions of Shakespeare are abbreviated under the editor’s surname (Holland, Davison), or, in some cases, under the series title (Cam., Globe). When more than one edition by the same editor is cited, later editions are discriminated by a raised ﬁgure (Dyce ). All quotations from Shakespeare, except those from The Second Part of King Henry IV, use the lineation, though not necessarily the spelling, of The Riverside Shakespeare, , on which the Harvard Concordance is based.

. Shakespeare’s plays Ado Much Ado About Nothing Ant. Antony and Cleopatra AWW All’s Well That Ends Well AYLI As You Like It Cor Coriolanus Cym. Cymbeline Err. The Comedy of Errors E Edward the Third Ham. Hamlet H The First Part of King Henry the Fourth H The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth H King Henry the Fifth H The First Part of King Henry the Sixth H The Second Part of King Henry the Sixth H The Third Part of King Henry the Sixth H King Henry the Eighth JC Julius Caesar John King John LLL Love’s Labour’s Lost Lear King Lear Mac. Macbeth MM Measure for Measure MND A Midsummer Night’s Dream MV The Merchant of Venice Oth. Othello Per. Pericles R King Richard the Second R King Richard the Third Rom. Romeo and Juliet Shr. The Taming of the Shrew Temp. The Tempest TGV The Two Gentlemen of Verona Tim. Timon of Athens

xi List of abbreviations and conventions

Tit. Titus Andronicus TN Twelfth Night TNK The Two Noble Kinsmen Tro. Troilus and Cressida Wiv. The Merry Wives of Windsor WT The Winter’s Tale

. Other works cited and general references AAEB Analytical and Enumerative Bibliography Abbott E. A. Abbott, A Shakespearian Grammar,  (references are to numbered paragraphs) Alexander The Complete Works of William Shakespeare, ed. Peter Alexander,  Berger-Williams Thomas L. Berger and George Walton Williams, ‘Notes on Shakespeare’s  Henry IV’, AAEB  (), – Bulloch John Bulloch, Studies on the Text of Shakespeare, with Numerous Emendations,  Bullough Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare,ed. Geoffrey Bullough, ,  Cam. The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. William George Clark, John Glover and William Aldis Wright,  vols., ,  (Cambridge Shakespeare) Capell Mr William Shakespeare his Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies, ed. Edward Capell,  vols., –,  conj. Capell Edward Capell, Notes and Various Readings to Shakespeare,  vols.,  Collier The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. John Payne Collier,  vols., –,  Collier  Shakespeare’s Comedies, Histories, Tragedies, and Poems,ed. J. Payne Collier,  vols., ,  Collier  The Plays of Shakespeare, ed. J. Payne Collier,  vols., ,  conj. conjecture corr. corrected state Cowl The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth, ed. R. P. Cowl,  (Arden Shakespeare) CQ Critical Quarterly Craig The Complete Works of William Shakespeare, ed. W.J. Craig,  (Oxford Shakespeare) Daniel Samuel Daniel, The First Fowre Bookes of the Ciuile Wars between the two Houses of Lancaster and Yorke,  Davison The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth, ed. P.H. Davison,  (New Penguin) Dent R. W. Dent, Shakespeare’s Proverbial Language: An Index,  (references are to numbered proverbs) Dering MS. TheHistoryofKingHenrytheFourthasrevisedbySirEdward Dering, Bart. (), a facsimile edition, ed. G. Walton Williams and G. Blakemore Evans, 

List of abbreviations and conventions xii

Douce Francis Douce, Illustrations of Shakespeare, and of Ancient Manners,  vols.,  Dyce The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. Alexander Dyce,  vols., ,  Dyce  The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. A. Dyce,  vols., ,   The Early English Text Society ELN English Language Notes ELR English Literary Renaissance  Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies,  (First Folio)  Mr.WilliamShakespearesComedies,Histories,andTragedies,  (Second Folio)  Mr.WilliamShakespearesComedies,Histories,andTragedies,  (Third Folio)  Mr.WilliamShakespearesComedies,Histories,andTragedies,  (Fourth Folio) Furnivall The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. F.J. Furnivall,  (Leopold Shakespeare) FV The Famous Victories of Henry the fifth . . . Printed by Thomas Creede, . A facsimile . . . by Charles Praetorius, with an introduction by P. A. Daniel,  Globe The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. W. G. Clark and W. A. Wright,  (Globe Shakespeare) Golding Shakespeare’s Ovid: being Arthur Golding’s Translation of the Metamorphoses (–), ed. W. H. D. Rouse,  Hall [EdwardHall,]TheVnionofthetwonobleandillustrefamelies of Lancastre & Yorke ..., Hanmer The Works of Shakespeare, ed. Thomas Hanmer,  vols., ,  Harpsfield The life and death of Sr Thomas Moore, knight,...writtenin the tyme of Queene Marie by Nicholas Harpsfield, L.D.,ed. Elsie Vaughan Hitchcock,  os ,  Holinshed The Third volume of Chronicles ...beginning at duke William the Norman...firstcompiled by Raphaell Holin- shed, and by him extended to the yeare . Now newlie recognised, augmented and continued . . . to the yeare ,  (page/column/line refs. are to this edn) Holland The Second Part of King Henry IV, ed. Norman N. Holland,  (Signet) Hudson The Complete Works of William Shakespeare, ed. Henry N. Hudson,  vols., ,  (Harvard Shakespeare) Humphreys The Second Part of King Henry IV, ed. A. R. Humphreys,  (Arden Shakespeare) Jenkins, Structural Problem Harold Jenkins, The Structural Problem in Shakespeare’s ‘Henry IV ’,  Johnson The Plays of William Shakespeare, ed. Samuel Johnson,  vols., ,  Jonson The Collected Works of Ben Jonson, ed. C. H. Herford and P. Simpson, 

xiii List of abbreviations and conventions

Jowett–Taylor John Jowett and Gary Taylor, ‘The three texts of  Henry IV’, SB  (), – Keightley The Plays of William Shakespeare, ed. Thomas Keightley,  vols., ,  KM  KM A Birthday Album for Kenneth Muir,  Knight The Pictorial Edition of the Works of Shakspere, ed. Charles Knight,  vols., ,  L&H Literature and History Malone The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare, ed. Edmond Malone,  vols., ,  conj. Maxwell James C. Maxwell, ‘ Henry IV, .iv. ff.’, MLR  (),  Melchiori, ‘Corridors’ Giorgio Melchiori, ‘The corridors of history: Shakespeare the remaker’, PBA  (), – Melchiori, ‘Jealousy’ Giorgio Melchiori, ‘The role of jealousy: restoring the  reading of  Henry IV, Induction, ’, SQ  (), –  Melchiori, ‘Umfrevile’ Giorgio Melchiori, ‘Sir John Umfrevile in Henry IV,Part , .i.–’, REAL  (), – Melchiori, ‘The ur-Henry IV ’ Giorgio Melchiori, ‘Reconstructing the ur-Henry IV ’, in EssaysinHonourofKristianSmidt,ed.P.Bilton,L.Hartveit, S. Johansson, A. O. Sandved, B. Tysdahl, Oslo, , pp. – MLR Modern Language Review More The Booke of Sir Thomas Moore, e d . W. W. G r e g, M S R  (the hand responsible for different additions is indicated) MSR Malone Society Reprints Munro The London Shakespeare, ed. John Monro,  vols., ,  N&Q Notes and Queries ODEP The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs, rd edn, rev. F.P. Wilson,  (references are to numbered proverbs) OED The Oxford English Dictionary,  vols., and  vols. Supple- ment, –  Oldcastle The ﬁrst part Of the true and honorable historie, of the life of Sir John Oldcastle, the good Lord Cobham, ed. P. Simpson, MSR  Oxford WilliamShakespeare:TheCompleteWorks,ed.StanleyWells and Gary Taylor,  (Oxford Shakespeare) PBA Proceedings of the British Academy PMLA Publications of the Modern Language Association of America Pope The Works of Shakespear, ed. Alexander Pope,  vols., ,  PQ Philological Quarterly Prosser Eleanor Prosser, Shakespeare’s Anonymous Editors: Scribe and Compositor in the Folio Text of ‘ Henry IV ’,   The Second part of Henrie the fourth ...Written by William Shakespeare . . . Printed by V.S. for Andrew Wise and William Aspley,  a The ﬁrst issue of the  quarto

List of abbreviations and conventions xiv

b The second issue of the  quarto, with a cancel quire  Rann The Dramatic Works of Shakespeare, ed. Joseph Rann,  vols., –,  REAL The Yearbook of Research in English and American Literature RES Review of English Studies Ridley HenryIV,SecondPart,ed.M.R.Ridley,(NewTemple Shakespeare) Riverside The Riverside Shakespeare, ed. G. Blakemore Evans,  Rowe The Works of Mr William Shakespear, ed. Nicholas Rowe,  vols., ,  Rowe  The Works of Mr William Shakespear, ed. N. Rowe (third edn),  vols., ,  SB Studies in Bibliography  stage direction SEL Studies in English Literature –  speech heading Shaaber A New Variorum Edition of Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, ed. Matthias A. Shaaber,  Singer The Dramatic Works of William Shakespeare,ed.Samuel Weller Singer,  vols., ,  Singer  The Dramatic Works of William Shakespeare,ed.S.W. Singer, nd edn, –,  Sisson William Shakespeare: The Complete Works, ed. Charles Jasper Sisson,  conj. Sisson C. J. Sisson, New Readings in Shakespeare,  vols.,  Smidt, Unconformities Kristian Smidt, Unconformities in Shakespeare’s History Plays,  SP Studies in Philology Spevack Marvin Spevack, A Complete and Systematic Concordance to the Works of Shakespeare,  vols., Hildesheim,  ff. SQ Shakespeare Quarterly S.St. Shakespeare Studies S.Sur. Shakespeare Survey Stow, Annales The Annales of England, faithfully collected...from the ﬁrst inhabitation untill this present yeere , by Iohn Stow citizen of London,  Stow, Chronicles The Chronicles of England, from Brute unto this present yeare . Collected by Iohn Stow Citizen of London,  subst. substantively Taylor Gary Taylor, ‘The fortunes of Oldcastle’, S.Sur.  (), – Theobald The Works of Shakespeare, ed. Lewis Theobald,  vols., ,  Tilley Morris Palmer Tilley, A Dictionary of the Proverbs in Eng- land in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries,  Tito Livio The First English Life of Henry V, ed. C. L. Kingsford,  TLS The Times Literary Supplement TSLL Texas Studies in Literature and Language uncorr. uncorrected state

xv List of abbreviations and conventions

UTQ University of Toronto Quarterly Vaughan Henry Halford Vaughan, New Readings and New Renderings of Shakespeare’s Tragedies,  vols., – Walker Alice Walker, Textual Problems of the First Folio,  Warburton The Works of Shakespear, ed. William Warburton,  vois., ,  White The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. Richard Grant White,  vols., ,  Williams George Walton Williams, ‘The text of  Henry IV: facts and problems’, S.St.  (), – Wilson The Second Part of the History of Henry IV, ed. John Dover Wilson,  (New Shakespeare) Wilson, Fortunes John Dover Wilson, The Fortunes of Falstaff,  Wilson, ‘Origins’ John Dover Wilson, ‘The origins and development of Shakespeare’s Henry IV’, The Library th ser.  (), – All biblical references are to the Geneva version, .