Money from Music: Survey Evidence on Musicians’ Revenue and Lessons About Copyright Incentives
MONEY FROM MUSIC: SURVEY EVIDENCE ON MUSICIANS’ REVENUE AND LESSONS ABOUT COPYRIGHT INCENTIVES Peter DiCola* According to the incentive theory of copyright, financial rewards are what the public trades for the production of creative works. To know whether this quid pro quo is working, one needs to know how much the creators are getting from the bargain. Based on an original, nationwide survey of more than 5,000 musicians, this Article addresses one of the key links in the incentive theory’s chain of logic. For most musicians, copyright does not provide much of a direct financial reward for what they are producing currently. The survey findings are instead consistent with a winner-take-all or superstar model in which copyright motivates musicians through the promise of large rewards in the future in the rare event of wide popularity. * Associate Professor, Northwestern University School of Law. A.B. 1998, Princeton University; J.D. 2005, Ph.D. (Economics) 2009, University of Michigan. I am grateful to my colleagues Jean Cook and Kristin Thomson of the Future of Music Coalition. We worked together to develop and analyze the Internet survey of musicians discussed in this Article, and I have benefited greatly from our discussions as a research team. The views expressed in this Article are my own, however, and not those of Jean, Kristin, or Future of Music Coalition. My thanks to Ken Ayotte, Scott Baker, Shari Diamond, Zev Eigen, Josh Fischman, Ezra Friedman, William Hubbard, Jessica Litman, Anup Malani, Mark McKenna, Tom Miles, Max Schanzenbach, and Avishalom Tor for helpful comments and advice.
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