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Helminth Parasites in Mammals

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HELMINTH PARASITES IN MAMMALS Abbreviations KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER CODE Metazoa Nemathelminths Secernentea Rhabditia NEM:Rha (Phasmidea) Strongylida NEM:Str Ascaridida NEM:Asc Spirurida NEM:Spi Camallanida NEM:Cam Adenophorea(Aphasmidea) Trichocephalida NEM:Tri Platyhelminthes Cestoda Pseudophyllidea CES:Pse Cyclophyllidea CES:Cyc Digenea Strigeatida DIG:Str Echinostomatida DIG:Ech Plagiorchiida DIG:Pla Opisthorchiida DIG:Opi Acanthocephala ACA References Ashford, R.W. & Crewe, W. 2003. The parasites of Homo sapiens: an annotated checklist of the protozoa, helminths and arthropods for which we are home. Taylor & Francis. Spratt, D.M., Beveridge, I. & Walter, E.L. 1991. A catalogue of Australasian monotremes and marsupials and their recorded helminth parasites. Rec. Sth. Aust. Museum, Monogr. Ser. 1:1-105. Taylor, M.A., Coop, R.L. & Wall, R.L. 2007. Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd edition, Blackwell Pub. HOST-PARASITE CHECKLIST Class: MAMMALIA [mammals] Subclass: EUTHERIA [placental mammals] Order: PRIMATES [prosimians and simians] Suborder: SIMIAE [monkeys, apes, man] Family: HOMINIDAE [man] Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 [man] CES:Cyc Dipylidium caninum, intestine CES:Cyc Echinococcus granulosus; (hydatid cyst) liver, lung CES:Cyc Hymenolepis diminuta, small intestine CES:Cyc Raillietina celebensis, small intestine CES:Cyc Rodentolepis (Hymenolepis/Vampirolepis) nana, small intestine CES:Cyc Taenia saginata, intestine CES:Cyc Taenia solium, intestine, organs CES:Pse Diphyllobothrium latum, (immigrants) small intestine CES:Pse Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, (immigrants) small intestine DIG:Ech Fasciola hepatica, liver DIG:Opi Clonorchis sinensis, (travellers) liver DIG:Opi Isoparorchis hypselobagri, alimentary tract DIG:Pla Dicrocoelium dendriticum, liver DIG:Pla Paragonimus westermanii, (travellers) lungs DIG:Str Austrobilharzia terrigalensis, (schistosomule) skin DIG:Str Brachylaima cribbi, alimentary tract DIG:Str Schistosoma haematobium, (travellers) veins of urinary bladder DIG:Str Schistosoma japonicum, (travellers) mesenteric blood vessels DIG:Str Schistosoma mansoni (travellers) mesenteric blood vessels DIG:Str Trichobilharzia ocellata, (schistosomule) skin NEM:Asc Ascaris lumbricoides, small intestine NEM:Asc Ascaris lumbricoides, small intestine NEM:Asc Ascaris suum, small intestine NEM:Asc Parascaris equorum, (larvae) tissues NEM:Asc Toxocara canis, (larvae) tissues NEM:Asc Enterobius vermicularis, large intestine NEM:Rha Strongyloides fuelleborni, small intestine NEM:Rha Strongyloides papillosus, (larvae) skin NEM:Rha Strongyloides ransomi, (larvae) skin NEM:Rha Strongyloides stercoralis, small intestine NEM:Rha Strongyloides westeri, (larvae) skin NEM:Spi Brugia timori, lymphatics NEM:Spi Dirofilaria immitis, lung NEM:Spi Gongylonema pulchrum, buccal cavity NEM:Spi Onchocerca volvulus, (nodules) trunk, limbs NEM:Spi Wuchereria bancrofti, lymphatics NEM:Str Ancylostoma braziliense, (larvae) skin NEM:Str Ancylostoma caninum, (larvae) skin, (adult) small intestine NEM:Str Ancylostoma duodenale, small intestine NEM:Str Haemonchus contortus, intestines NEM:Str Metastrongylus elongatus, respiratory tract NEM:Str Necator americanus, small intestine NEM:Str Parastrongylus (Angiostrongylus) cantonensis, (larvae) brain NEM:Str Trichostrongylus axei, intestine NEM:Str Trichostrongylus colubriformis, intestine NEM:Tri Trichinella pseudospiralis, intestines NEM:Tri Trichuris trichiura, caecum Order: CARNIVORA [carnivores] Family: CANIDAE [dog, fox] Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 [dog] ACA Oncicola pomatostomi, small intestine CES:Cyc Diplylidium caninum; intestine CES:Cyc Echinococcus granulosus; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia (Multiceps) serialis; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia hydatigena; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia ovis; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia pisiformis; intestine CES:Pse Spirometra erinacei; intestine NEM:Asc Toxascaris leonina, small intestine NEM:Asc Toxocara canis, small intestine NEM:Rha Pelodera (Rhabditis) strongyloides, skin NEM:Rha Strongyloides stercoralis, small intestine NEM:Rha Strongyloides stercoralis, small intestine NEM:Spi Cyathospirura dasyuridis, stomach NEM:Spi Dipetalonema reconditum, peritoneal cavity NEM:Spi Dirofilaria immitis, pulmonary artery, heart NEM:Spi Gnathostoma spinigerum, stomach NEM:Spi Physaloptera praeputialis, stomach NEM:Spi Spirocerca lupi, oesophagus NEM:Str Ancylostoma braziliense, small intestine NEM:Str Ancylostoma caninum, small intestine NEM:Str Ancylostoma ceylanicum, small intestine NEM:Str Angiostrongylus vasorum, pulmonary artery NEM:Str Filaroides hirthi, lung NEM:Str Oslerus osleri, (nodules) trachea NEM:Str Uncinaria stenocephala, small intestine NEM:Tri Capillaria aerophila, bronchi NEM:Tri Capillaria plica, bladder NEM:Tri Trichuris vulpis, caecum Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) [fox] ACA Oncicola pomatostomi, small intestine CES:Cyc Dipylidium caninum; intestine CES:Cyc Echinococcus granulosus; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia hydatigena; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia ovis; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia pisiformis; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia serialis; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia taeniaeformis (= Hydatigera taeniaeformis); intestine CES:Pse Spirometra erinacei; intestine NEM:Asc Toxascaris leonina, small intestine NEM:Spi Cyathospirura dasyuridis, stomach NEM:Asc Toxocara canis, small intestine NEM:Spi Dipetalonema reconditum, peritoneal cavity NEM:Spi Dirofilaria immitis, heart NEM:Str Ancylostoma, intestine NEM:Str Angiostrongylus, pulmonary artery NEM:Str Oslerus osleri, (nodules) trachea NEM:Str Uncinaria stenocephala, small intestine NEM:Tri Trichuris, large intestine Family: FELIDAE [cats] Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 [cat] ACA Oncicola pomatostomi, small intestine CES:Cyc Dipylidium caninum; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia pisiformis; intestine CES:Cyc Taenia taeniaeformis (= Hydatigera taeniaeformis); intestine CES:Pse Spirometra erinacei; intestine DIG:Ech Haplorchis, small intestine NEM:Asc Toxascaris leonina, small intestine NEM:Asc Toxocara cati (mystax), intestine NEM:Rha Strongyloides cati (planiceps), small intestine NEM:Rha Strongyloides stercoralis, small intestine NEM:Spi Gnathostoma spinigerum, stomach NEM:Spi Cyathospirura dasyuridis, stomach NEM:Spi Spirocerca lupi, oesophagus NEM:Spi Cylicospirura felineus, stomach NEM:Spi Cylicospirura subequalis, stomach NEM:Spi Dirofilaria immitis, heart NEM:Spi Physaloptera praeputialis, stomach NEM:Str Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, lungs NEM:Str Ancylostoma braziliense, small intestine NEM:Str Ancylostoma ceylanicum, small intestine NEM:Str Ancylostoma tubaeforme, small intestine NEM:Str Ollulanus tricuspis, stomach NEM:Str Uncinaria stenocephala, small intestine NEM:Tri Capillaria (Eucoleus) aerophila, lung NEM:Tri Capillaria felis-cati, bladder NEM:Tri Trichuris campanula, large intestine NEM:Tri Trichuris serrata, caecum Order: PERISSODACTYLA [odd-toed hoofed mammals] Family: EQUIDAE [horse, donkey] Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 [horse] CES:Cyc Anoplocephala magna; small intestine CES:Cyc Anoplocephala perfoliata; small intestine CES:Cyc Anoplocephaloides (Paranoplocephala) mamillana, intestine CES:Cyc Echinococcus granulosus; (hydatid) lungs, liver CES:Cyc Paranoplocephala mamillana, small intestine DIG:Ech Fasciola hepatica, liver NEM:Asc Oxyuris equi, large intestine NEM:Asc Parascaris equorum, small intestine NEM:Asc Probstmayria vivipara, intestine NEM:Rha Micronema deletrix, nasal cavity NEM:Rha Strongyloides westeri, small intestine NEM:Spi Draschia megastoma, stomach NEM:Spi Habronema majus (microstoma), stomach NEM:Spi Habronema muscae, stomach NEM:Spi Onchocerca cervicalis, nuchal ligament NEM:Spi Onchocerca gutturosa, connective tissue NEM:Str Craterostomum, caecum, colon NEM:Str Cyathostomum-type, caecum, colon NEM:Str Cylicocyclus, caecum, colon NEM:Str Cylicodontophorus, caecum, colon NEM:Str Cylindropharynx, caecum, colon NEM:Str Dictyocaulus arnfeldi, lungs NEM:Str Gyalocephalus capitatus, caecum, colon NEM:Str Oesophagodontus robustus, caecum, colon NEM:Str Poteriostomum imparidentatum, caecum, colon NEM:Str Strongylus (Alfortia) edentatus, caecum, colon NEM:Str Strongylus (Delafondia) vulgaris, caecum, colon NEM:Str Strongylus equinis, caecum, colon NEM:Str Trichonema aegyptiacum, caecum, colon NEM:Str Trichonema calicatum, caecum, colon NEM:Str Trichonema longibursatum, caecum, colon NEM:Str Trichonema poculatum, caecum, colon NEM:Str Trichostrongylus axei, stomach NEM:Str Triodontophorus brevicaudata, colon NEM:Str Triodontophorus minor, colon NEM:Str Triodontophorus serratus, colon NEM:Str Triodontophorus tenuicollis, colon NEM:Tri Capillaria, liver Order: ARTIODACTYLA [even-toed hoofed mammals] Suborder: SUIFORMES [pig] Family: SUIDAE [pigs] Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 [pig] ACA Macracantharhynchus hirudinaceus, small intestine CES:Cyc Echinococcus granulosus; (hydatid) lungs, liver CES:Cyc Taenia hydatigena (Cysticercus tenuicollis); peritoneal cavity CES:Pse Spirometra erinacei; (plerocercoid = spharganum), tissues DIG:Ech Fasciola hepatica, liver NEM:Asc Ascaris suum, small intestine NEM:Rha Strongyloides ransomi, small intestine NEM:Spi Ascarops dentatum, stomach NEM:Spi Ascarops strongylina, stomach NEM:Spi Gnathostoma hispidum, stomach NEM:Spi Gongylonema pulchrum, oesophagus NEM:Spi Physocephalus sexalatus, stomach NEM:Str Ancylostoma duodenale, small intestine NEM:Str Hyostrongylus rubidus, stomach NEM:Str Metastrongylus apri, bronchi NEM:Str Metastrongylus pudendotectus, bronchi NEM:Str Metastrongylus salmi, bronchi NEM:Str Oesophagostomum dentatum, caecum, colon NEM:Str Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum, caecum, colon
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    Intot Obliv i The disappearing native mammals of northern Australia Compiled by James Fitzsimons Sarah Legge Barry Traill John Woinarski Into Oblivion? The disappearing native mammals of northern Australia 1 SUMMARY Since European settlement, the deepest loss of Australian biodiversity has been the spate of extinctions of endemic mammals. Historically, these losses occurred mostly in inland and in temperate parts of the country, and largely between 1890 and 1950. A new wave of extinctions is now threatening Australian mammals, this time in northern Australia. Many mammal species are in sharp decline across the north, even in extensive natural areas managed primarily for conservation. The main evidence of this decline comes consistently from two contrasting sources: robust scientifi c monitoring programs and more broad-scale Indigenous knowledge. The main drivers of the mammal decline in northern Australia include inappropriate fi re regimes (too much fi re) and predation by feral cats. Cane Toads are also implicated, particularly to the recent catastrophic decline of the Northern Quoll. Furthermore, some impacts are due to vegetation changes associated with the pastoral industry. Disease could also be a factor, but to date there is little evidence for or against it. Based on current trends, many native mammals will become extinct in northern Australia in the next 10-20 years, and even the largest and most iconic national parks in northern Australia will lose native mammal species. This problem needs to be solved. The fi rst step towards a solution is to recognise the problem, and this publication seeks to alert the Australian community and decision makers to this urgent issue.
  • Expression, Purification, and Inhibition Profile of Dihydrofolate Reductase from the Filarial Nematode Wuchereria Bancrofti

    Expression, Purification, and Inhibition Profile of Dihydrofolate Reductase from the Filarial Nematode Wuchereria Bancrofti

    Montclair State University Montclair State University Digital Commons Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 5-2018 Expression, Purification, and Inhibition Profile of Dihydrofolate Reductase from the Filarial Nematode Wuchereria Bancrofti Andrew M. Tobias Montclair State University, [email protected] Dea Toska Montclair State University, [email protected] Keith Lange Montclair State University, [email protected] Tyler Eck Montclair State University, [email protected] Rohit Bhat Montclair State University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/chem-biochem-facpubs Part of the Biochemistry Commons MSU Digital Commons Citation Tobias, Andrew M.; Toska, Dea; Lange, Keith; Eck, Tyler; Bhat, Rohit; Janson, Cheryl A.; Rotella, David P.; Gubler, Ueli; and Goodey, Nina M., "Expression, Purification, and Inhibition Profile of Dihydrofolate Reductase from the Filarial Nematode Wuchereria Bancrofti" (2018). Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works. 3. https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/chem-biochem-facpubs/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Montclair State University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works by an authorized administrator of Montclair State University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Andrew M. Tobias, Dea Toska, Keith Lange, Tyler Eck, Rohit Bhat, Cheryl A. Janson, David P. Rotella, Ueli Gubler, and Nina M. Goodey This article is available at Montclair State University Digital Commons: https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/chem- biochem-facpubs/3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Expression, purification, and inhibition profile of dihydrofolate reductase from the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti Andrew M.