Vanadium Toxicological Potential Versus Its Pharmacological Activity: New Developments and Research
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Rosamonde Banks Phd Thesis
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thesis submitted to the University of St. Andrews for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by ROSAMONDE ELIZABETH BANKS Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, December, 1986 University of St. Andrews. QUESTIONS ANSWERED AND ANSWERS WITHOUT QUESTIONS If the human brain was so simple that we could understand it we would be so simple that we couldn't. EMERSON PUGH (Cited by Von Scheele and Nordgren, 1986, in "The mind-body problem in medicine", Lancet, February 1st., 258-261.) DECLARATION a). I, Rosamonde Elizabeth Banks, hereby certify that this thesis has been composed by myself, that it is a record of my own work, and that it has not been accepted in partial or complete fulfilment of any other degree or professional qualification. -
Kinetic Studies of Sodium and Metforminium Decavanadates Decomposition and in Vitro Cytotoxicity and Insulin- Like Activity
inorganics Article Kinetic Studies of Sodium and Metforminium Decavanadates Decomposition and In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Insulin- Like Activity Aniela M. Silva-Nolasco 1,2, Luz Camacho 2 , Rafael Omar Saavedra-Díaz 1, Oswaldo Hernández-Abreu 1 , Ignacio E. León 3 and Irma Sánchez-Lombardo 1,* 1 Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas (CICTAT), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa km. 1 Col. La Esmeralda, Cunduacán 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; [email protected] (A.M.S.-N.); [email protected] (R.O.S.-D.); [email protected] (O.H.-A.) 2 Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico; [email protected] 3 Centro de Química Inorgánica CEQUINOR (CONICET, UNLP), Bv 120 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 22 October 2020; Accepted: 2 December 2020; Published: 8 December 2020 Abstract: The kinetics of the decomposition of 0.5 and 1.0 mM sodium decavanadate (NaDeca) and metforminium decavanadate (MetfDeca) solutions were studied by 51V NMR in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) medium (pH 7.4) at 25 ◦C. The results showed that decomposition products 2 4 are orthovanadate [H2VO4]− (V1) and metavanadate species like [H2V2O7] − (V2), [V4O12] − (V4) 5 and [V5O15] − (V5) for both compounds. The calculated half-life times of the decomposition reaction were 9 and 11 h for NaDeca and MetfDeca, respectively, at 1 mM concentration. The hydrolysis products that presented the highest rate constants were V1 and V4 for both compounds. -
Vanadyl Sulfate Indicated Effects on Body Weight in Animals While Studies with Sodium Metavanadate Showed Effects on Urinary Markers
Chemical Information Review Document for Oral Exposure to Tetravalent and Pentavalent Vanadium Compounds Supporting Nomination for Toxicological Evaluation by the National Toxicology Program January 2008 National Toxicology Program National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Research Triangle Park, NC http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ Abstract Vanadium (CAS No. 7440-62-2) is an element that exists in a number of oxidation states ranging from -1 to +5 and can be found in various locales around the world. Absorption of vanadium from the gastrointestinal tract is poor and most ingested vanadium is typically converted to vanadyl. Excretion of absorbed vanadium is primarily via urine while unabsorbed vanadium is mainly eliminated in feces. Studies indicate that toxicity is dependent on the valence of vanadium, increasing with increasing valence. Thus, pentavalent vanadium is more toxic than tetravalent vanadium. Acute toxicity studies indicate that administration of vanadium compounds is associated with locomotor impairments and effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Short-term studies indicate that while pentavalent vanadium compounds produced effects on a variety of hematological markers, tetravalent compounds do not appear to have similar effects. Both valence states are associated with alterations in body weight, and food and fluid intake after short-term oral administration. Chronic studies with vanadyl sulfate indicated effects on body weight in animals while studies with sodium metavanadate showed effects on urinary markers. A few studies indicated that toxicological effects of vanadium compounds can be modified by the presence of other compounds. Tetravalent vanadium compounds were shown to have impacts on the structures within reproductive organs, survival rate of weanlings, sperm density and motility, fertility, and litter size. -
Vanadium in Biological Action: Chemical, Pharmacological Aspects, and Metabolic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus
Biological Trace Element Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1540-6 Vanadium in Biological Action: Chemical, Pharmacological Aspects, and Metabolic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus Samuel Treviño1 & Alfonso Díaz1 & Eduardo Sánchez-Lara2 & Brenda L. Sanchez-Gaytan2 & Jose Manuel Perez-Aguilar1 & Enrique González-Vergara2 Received: 6 July 2018 /Accepted: 1 October 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Vanadium compounds have been primarily investigated as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of various major health issues, including cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. The translation of vanadium-based compounds into clinical trials and ultimately into disease treatments remains hampered by the absence of a basic pharmacological and metabolic comprehension of such compounds. In this review, we examine the development of vanadium-containing compounds in biological systems regarding the role of the phys- iological environment, dosage, intracellular interactions, metabolic transformations, modulation of signaling pathways, toxicology, and transport and tissue distribution as well as therapeutic implications. From our point of view, the toxicological and pharmacological aspects in animal models and humans are not understood completely, and thus, we introduced them in a physiological environment and dosage context. Different transport proteins in blood plasma and mechanistic transport determinants are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of different vanadium species and the role of physiological factors (i.e., pH, redox conditions, concentration, and so on) are considered. Mechanistic specifications about different signaling pathways are discussed, particularly the phosphatases and kinases that are modulated dynamically by vanadium compounds because until now, the focus only has been on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as a vanadium target. Particular emphasis is laid on the therapeutic ability of vanadium-based compounds and their role for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, specifically on that of vanadate- and polioxovanadate-containing compounds.