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CHOLERA COUNTRY PROFILE: HAITI Last Update: 18 May 2011

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CHOLERA COUNTRY PROFILE: HAITI Last Update: 18 May 2011 WO Global Task Force on Cholera Control RLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CHOLERA COUNTRY PROFILE: HAITI In 1697, the western part of the island (whi wealthy due to profits from the sugar-relat degradation occurred during that time. Haiti gained its independence from France in 1804 after a revolt Haiti politics have gone through a lot of turmoil in the past 20 oppression by dictators. Long years of polit magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti with an Last update: 18 May 2011 and the destruction of most of the infrastructure. Before the earthquake, many Haitian hous situation aggravated after the earthquake. A few have access to basic health care. The chronic shortage of more so apparent after the earthquake. Cholera history in the region: General Country Information: The last major cholera outbreak in Latin America start ch later became Haiti) was given to the French by Spain. The French colony quickly spread to many neighbouring countries. However Haiti and the Cari ed and coffee industries. Many African slaves were brought and significant environmeThe Republic of Haiti is located in the western part of pandemic. the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean Cholera Outbreak in 2010/2011: archipelago. It shares border with the Dominican Republic located in the East The first cholera cases in Haiti started to be reported on 14 Oc is divided in 10 departments further divided into 41 spread along the Artibonite river affecti arrondissements. Port-au-Prince the capital, is the case fatality rate in remote rural areas and areas with largest city of Haiti. was laboratory confirmed. The ident ical instability left the country with hug The natives of Hispaniola known as Taino were As of 31 December 2010, a total of 179'379 cases including 3'990 invaded by Spanish settlers after the discovery of the Port au Prince. This represents 61% of all cases reported as of epicentre about 15 km southwest of the ca island by Christopher Columbus in 1492. The French the overall case fatality rate (CFR) in hospitals was 3.8%. This eholds lacked running water and lived in inad established a presence in with case management as well as the fact that from the slaves. It was the first independentcentury. nation in Latin large majority of the population 0are years. at a highThe countryrisk for majorsuffered infectious diseases The rapid spread of the disease was mainly due to the lack of i ern part of the island. Haiti basic sanitation in a context of internal migrations after displaced persons camps with access to wa country Dominican Republic which reported in some areas a loca ng several departments. Within one month, a ified variant strain is also present in seveed in Peru in 1991when the continent was hit by the 7 16000 health care personnel, and hospitals lack of resources, became ev e social and economic problems. In Januar the beginning of the 17 14000 12000 10000 32 coups and has a long history o cases pital, Port-au-Prince leading to 220 000 8000 difficult access to health services.bbean didOn not20 Octoberrecord any 2010, case 6000 tober 2010 in the department of equate housing and unsanitary conditions. 4000 patients reached the healt 2000 th weeklyPort-Au-Prince cholera cases 1 Nov - 1 May 2011 0 ter and sanitation. In November 2010 the fi became week 1-7 Nov nt week 8-14 Nov 3 Maydeaths 2011 and(CFR 80% 2.2%) of all were deaths. reported In the in beginning all 10 departments of November includi week 15-21 Nov high CFR reflects the lack of experience of the healthcare sys America. week 22-28 Nov the January 2010 earthquake. A lim ral countries in South East Asia and Africa. week 29 Nov-5 Dec ll departments reported cases (see map) wit week 6-12 Dec f mmunity and the very limited access of the population to safe wa week 13-19 Dec during that phase of the current y 2010, a week 20-26 Dec week 27 Dec-2 Jan h facilities too late. Artibonite from where the outbr th week 3-9 Jan Port-Au-Prince deaths pandemic . The outbreak week 10-16 Jan l transmission with a total of 191 lab confirmed cases in 2010. week 17-23 Jan and only a week 24-30 Jan week 31 Jan- 6 Feb This week 7-13 Feb week 14-20 Feb en week week 21-27 Feb week 28 Feb-6 March Vibrio cholerae week 7-13 March rst cases were detected in the neighbouring week 14-20 March 6000 ited spread was observed in intern week 21-27 March 7 th week 28 March-3 April 5000 week 4-10 April 2011 eak rapidly week 11-17 April 2011 4000 week 18-24 April 2011 O1 Ogawah a high cases week 25 April - 1 May 3000 2000 1000 weekly cholera cases tem to dealng 1 Nov - 1 MayArtibonite 2011 2010 0 week 1-7 Nov week 8-14 Nov al ter and week 15-21 Nov week 22-28 Nov week 29 Nov-5 Dec week 6-12 Dec week 13-19 Dec Artibonite week 20-26 Dec week 27 Dec-2 Jan week 3-9 Jan week 10-16 Jan week 17-23 Jan week 24-30 Jan week 31 Jan- 6 Feb week 7-13 Feb week 14-20 Feb week week 21-27 Feb week 28 Feb-6 March week 7-13 March week 14-20 March week 21-27 March 1we ofek 228 March-3 April week 4-10 April 2011 week 11-17 April 2011 week 18-24 April 2011 week 25 April - 1 May WO Global Task Force on Cholera Control RLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CHOLERA COUNTRY PROFILE: HAITI WHO Support Actions in 2010/2011 include among others: • As health cluster lead, ensured coordination of emergency ac Last update: 18 May 2011 Health and Population, Cuban Medical Brigade, Centres for 30000 next steps (surveillance, alert & respons • Deployment of staff (epidemiologist, field coor during the early phase of 25000 • Distribution of large amount • Distribution of cholera-related poste 20000 15000 • Nb of cases Developedmanagement training and sessions prevention with at engineers health centres from the Demographic and Socio-Economic Data: 10000 of infection control and hygiene weekly reported cholera cases Geography 5000 1 Nov 2010 - 1 May 2011 HAITI 0 Environment the outbreak into areas that are diffi week 1-7 Nov week 8-14 Nov week 15-21 Nov of medicines and supplies week 22-28 Nov Total surface week 29 Nov-5 Dec e, and departmental coordination). A plan Capital week 6-12 Dec Provinces week 13-19 Dec Demographics rs and pamphlets; training of health workers in cholera diagnosis,week case20-26 De c Climate week 27 Dec-2 Jan Rainy season week 3-9 Jan Floods and droughts dinator, logisticians, communication specialists) week 10-16 Jan Cases week 17-23 Jan Economy tivities and developed together with partners (Ministry of Desertification Disease Control, NGOs and others, awe contingencyek 24-30 Jan plan for week 31 Jan- 6 Feb week 7-13 Feb Natural resources Health cult to access was also developed. week 14-20 Feb Population Week Indicators week 21-27 Feb Religions 27, 750 m2 (coastline of 1'771km)MSPP, focusing on setting-up of CTCs and CTUs, management week 28 Feb-6 March Ethnic groups Port au Prince (population: 704'776 in 2003 ) week 7-13 March Official Language 10 departments week 14-20 March Industry Communicable Tropical; semiarid in mountains week 21-27 March week 28 March-3 April Diseases Summer, and mid-winter (February) Farming week 4-10 April 2011 Risk Factors Lies in the middle of the hurricane belt an for deployment of staff and supplies Per capita total week 11-17 April 2011 for Cholera October; occasional flooding and earthquakes ; periodic droughts expenditure on health (int'l$) week 18-24 April 2011 Extensive deforestation (much of the rema week 25 April - 1 May Life expectancy birth (yrs) agriculture); soil erosion; inad Under 5 mortality (per 1000) Bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower Access to healthcare 9,446,0001 (annual population growth rate: 0.787%) Hepatitis A and E, typhoid fever, diarrheal dis Catholic 80%, Protestant HIV prevalence (2005): 3.37% African 95%, Mulatto and Caucasian 5% Population with sustainable Sources access tofor improved Document: drinking WHO, water UNHCR, sources UNICEF, 58% UNDP (2006) French and Haitian Creole Population with sustainable access to improved sanitation Textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, ce Prevalence of undernourishment in total population (% of population) 58% (2006) parts coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood 96 (2006) The Cholera Task Force country profiles are not a formal public or the stated policy of the Organization. The presentation of opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO conc Males: 59 Females: 63 equate supplies of potable water Males: 83 Females: 77 (2006) concerning the delineation of it 16%, none 1%, other 3% d subject to severe storms from June to ining forested land is being cleared for eases, dengue fever, malaria, leptospirosis (2009) ment, light assembly based on imported s frontiers or boundaries. erning the legal status of any country, te 19% (2006) maps contained herein does not imply the expression of any ation of WHO and do not necessarily represent the decisions rritory, city or areas or its authorities, 2 of 2 or .
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