ISSN 1226-9999 (print) ISSN 2287-7851 (online)

Korean J. Environ. Biol. 33(2) : 105~111 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2015.33.2.105

A New and Two Newly Recorded Species of Theridiidae and Dictynidae (Araneae) from Korea

Bo Keun Seo*

Department of Biology, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea

Abstract - A new species of the genus Robertus Pickard-Cambridge, Robertus subtilis n. sp. is described from Mt. Odae in Gangwon Province, Korea. Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu, 1993 and Lathys annulata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906 are reported for the first time in Korea. Habitus photos and illustrations of these three species are provided.

Key words: ‌Korea, Lathys annulata, new species, Robertus subtilis, Theridion serpatusum

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

The dictynid spider genus Lathys comprises 45 species Specimens were examined and measured using a stereo­ known from Holarctic and Oriental regions (World Spider microscope (Leica S8APO, Singapore). Photographs were Catalog 2015). A total four species of the genus have been taken with a digital camera (Leica DFC 420) and the images recorded in Korea: L. dihamata Paik, 1979, L. sexoculata were combined using image stacking software (i-Solution, Seo and Sohn, 1984, L. maculosa (Karsch, 1879) and L. stig­ Future Science Co. Ltd., Taejeon, Korea). matisata (Menge, 1869) (Namkung et al. 2009; Paik 1978). The abbreviations in the text follow Seo (2014a, b): Soma­ The theridiid spiders genera Robertus and Theridion cons­ tic morphology - c, carapace length; l, length; w, width. Leg ist of 45 and 590 species described around the world (World I, length of leg I; Fem. I, length of femur I; Pat. I, length of Spider Catalog 2015). One Robertus and seven Theridion patella; Tib. I, length of tibia I; Met. I, length of metatarsus species have been recorded in Korea (Namkung et al. 2009): I; Tar. I, length of tarsus I; Fem I l/d, femur I length divid­ R. naejangensis Seo, 2005, T. longipalpum Zhu, 1998, T. ed by femur I diameter. The sequence of leg segments in longipili Seo, 2004, T. palgongense Paik, 1996, T. pictum measurement­ data is as follows: total (femur, patella, tibia, (Walckenaer, 1802), T. pinastri Koch, 1872, T. submirabile metatarsus,­ tarsus). Eye area - AER, anterior eye row; ALE, Zhu and Song, 1993 and T. taegense Paik, 1996. anterior­ lateral eye; ALE-PLE, distance between ALE and While studying specimens collected during the Korean PLE; AME, anterior median eye; AME-ALE, distance bet­ indigenous species survey, the author identified a new spe­ ween AME and ALE; AME-AME, distance between AMEs; cies, Robertus subtilis n. sp., and two species new to Korea, AME-PME, distance between AME and PME; PER, pos­ Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu, 1993 and Lathys terior eye row; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior annulata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, and reported these median eye; PME-PLE, distance between PME and PLE; species with habitus photos and illustrations in the present PME-PME, distance between PMEs. paper. All measurements in the text are given in millimeters. The examined specimens are deposited in the National Ins­ titute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Ministry of Environ­ * ‌Corresponding author: Bo Keun Seo, Tel. 053-580-5209, Fax. 053-580-5558, E-mail. [email protected] ment, Korea.

ⓒ2015. Korean Society of Environmental Biology. 106 Bo Keun Seo

Habitat: Grassland around trekking trail. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION World Distribution: Japan, Korea (Gyeongsangnam-do). Deposition: NIBRIV0000321391. Order Araneae Clerck, 1757 거미목 Identifer: Bo Keun Seo. Family Dictynidae Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 잎거미과 Genus Lathys Simon, 1884 마른잎거미속 Lathys dihamata Paik, 1979 쌍칼퀴마른잎거미 Synonyms: Lathys dihamata Paik, 1979: 424. Lathys annulata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906  한산마른잎거미 (신칭) (Fig. 1) Lathys sexoculata Seo and Sohn, 1984 Synonyms: Lathys annulata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906: 육눈이마른잎거미 110; Ono, 2003: 11; Ono and Ogata, 2009: 134. Synonyms: Lathys sexoculata Seo and Sohn, 1984: 114.

Material examined: 1♂, trekking trail (34˚47′46″N, 128˚ Lathys maculosa (Karsch, 1879) 마른잎거미 28′40″E, alt. 82 m), 330 m northeast of Jeseungdang on Isl. Synonyms: Dictyna maculosa Karsch, 1879: 96. Hansan, Hansan-myeon, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-­ Lathys humilis Paik, 1978: 185 (f, misidentified). do, 12 May 2013, B. K. Seo. Diagnosis: The male of L. annulata is very similar to that Lathys stigmatisata (Menge, 1869) 공산마른잎거미 of L. maculosa in the abdominal pattern and the terminal Synonyms: Lethia stigmatisata Menge, 1869: 250. part of palp conductor. However, the former can be easily Lathys stigmatisata Namkung, 2003: 385. distinguished from the latter by the twice twisted tip of ter­ minal part of conductor and the dorsal tibial apophysis pro­ Family Theridiidae Sundevall,1833 꼬마거미과 truded dorsally (Fig. 1D, G). Genus Robertus Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 Description: Male. Total length 2.60. Habitus as in Fig. 민무늬꼬마거미속 1A. Carapace 1.30 long, 0.95 wide, brown with radiated stripes; cervical groove distinct; clypeus height 1.3 times of Robertus naejangensis Seo, 2005 내장꼬마거미 diameter of AME. AER 0.46, PER 0.51; AER retrocurved Synonyms: Robertus naejangensis Seo, 2005: 121. slightly and PER straight in dorsal view. AME 0.05, ALE 0.12, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE Robertus subtilis sp. nov. 뾰족수염꼬마거미 (신칭)  0.05, PME-PME 0.09, PME-PLE 0.07, AME-PME 0.08, (Fig. 2) and ALE-PLE contiguous. Median ocular quadrangle, pos­ terior side>height>anterior side (20 : 18 : 13). Chelicera Material examined: Holotype: ♂, riverside near Dongsan with two promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Ster­ bridge around Weoljeong Temple in Mt. Odae (37˚42′29″N, num 0.69 long, 0.65 wide. Labium 0.20 long, 0.23 wide. 128˚35′49″E, alt. 390 m), Jinbu-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Leg measurements: I 4.34 (1.20, 0.43, 1.10, 1.08, 0.53), II Gangweon-do, 9 September 2007, S. Y. Kim. Paratype: 1♀, 3.36 (1.00, 0.35, 0.78, 0.80, 0.43), III 2.42 (0.73, 0.28, 0.48, same data as holotype. 0.58, 0.35), IV 2.91 (0.85, 0.30, 0.65, 0.73, 0.38). Fem. I l/ Etymology: The specific name comes from the Latin ad­ w 4.80. Tib. I l/w 7.33. Leg I/c 3.34. Fem. I/c 0.92. Tib I/ jective subtilis meaning “fine” and refers to the shape of the c 0.85. Met I/c 0.83. Pat. I+tib. I/c 1.18. Met. I/tar. I 2.04. embolus. Met. IV/tar. IV 1.92. Abdomen 1.35 long, 1.10 wide, and Diagnosis: The male of R. subtilis n. sp. is very similar oval; dorsum brown with five chevron patterns medially. to that of R. ogatai Yoshida, 1995 in the fine embolus, the Palpal organ (Fig. 1B-G); tibia with a retrolateral and a dor­ slightly curved conductor enclosing the embolus, and the sal apophysis that grip the terminal part of conductor; tip longish broad tegular apophysis, but can be easily distin­ of terminal part of conductor twisted twice; fine embolus guished from the latter by the broad-based conductor in whirled clockwise. retrolateral view (Fig. 2C-E, I-K). The female of R. subtilis A New and Two Newly Recorded Spider Species from Korea 107

A B C D

E F G

Fig. 1. ‌Lathys annulata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906; A - male, dorsal view, B and E - male palp, ventral view, C and F - ditto, retrolateral view, D and G - ditto, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (the rest). 108 Bo Keun Seo

C D E F G H

I J K

A B

M N

L

Fig. 2. ‌Robertus subtilis sp. nov.; A - male, dorsal view, B- female dorsal view, C and I - male palp, ventral view, D and J - ditto, retrolateral view, E and K - ditto, prolateral view, F and L - epigynum, G and M - female internal genitalia, ventral view, and H and N - ditto, dor­ sal view. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (A and B), 0.1 mm (the rest). is clearly different from that of R. ogatai in the shape of AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.22, PME-PLE 0.08, AME- genital duct and fertilization duct, and the position of the PME 0.05, and ALE-PLE contiguous. Median ocular qua­ copulatory opening (Fig. 2G-H, M, N). drangle, posterior side>height>anterior side (18 : 16 : 14). Description: Male holotype. Total length 3.30. Habitus as Chelicera with three promarginal and two retromarginal in Fig. 1A. Carapace 1.65 long, 1.25 wide, reddish brown teeth. Sternum 0.86 long, 0.81 wide. Labium 0.18 long, 0.29 with radiated dark stripes; median furrow and cervical wide. Leg measurements: I 4.69 (1.33, 0.55, 1.18, 0.93, 0.70), groove distinct; cephalon 0.85 wide; clypeus height 2.4 II 3.96 (1.13, 0.50, 0.93, 0.75, 0.65), III 3.37 (0.95, 0.43, times of diameter of AME. AER 0.47, PER 0.51; AER 0.68, 0.68, 0.63), IV 4.61 (1.30, 0.48, 1.15, 0.95, 0.73). Fem. retrocurved slightly and PER straight in dorsal view. AME I l/w 3.80. Tib. I l/w 5.90. Leg I/c 2.84. Fem. I/c 0.81. Tib I/ 0.09, ALE 0.12, PME 0.07, PLE 0.10, AME-AME 0.04, c 0.72. Met I/c 0.56. Pat. I+tib. I/c 1.05. Met. I/tar. I 1.33. A New and Two Newly Recorded Spider Species from Korea 109

Met. IV/tar. IV 1.30. Abdomen 1.80 long, 1.10 wide, oval; Theridion pinastri Koch, 1872 등줄꼬마거미 dorsum dark gray with two pairs of sigilla. Palpal organ (Fig. Synonyms: Theridion pinastri L. Koch, 1872: 249; Paik, 2C-E, I-K); cymbium with a longish sharp paracymbium; 1957: 43. terminal parts of embolus and conductor long and fine, but conductor base very broad; tegular apophysis longish broad. Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu, 1993 Female (paratype). Total length 2.60. Habitus as in Fig. 주걱꼬마거미 (신칭) (Fig. 3) 2B. Carapace 1.50 long, 1.10 wide; cephalon 0.78 wide; Synonyms: Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu, in Zhu, clypeus height 3.8 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.41, Gao and Guan, 1993: 92; Zhu, 1998: 194; Song, Zhu PER 0.44; AME 0.05, ALE 0.10, PME 0.07, PLE 0.10, and Chen, 1999: 142. AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.07, PME- PLE 0.08, AME-PME 0.04, and ALE-PLE contiguous. Material examined: 1♂, Mongolian oak (Quercus mongo­ Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side>height>anterior lica) forest on the other side of Daegwallyeong rest area (37˚ side (16 : 13.5 : 13). Chelicera with three promarginal and 41′01″N, 128˚45′14″E, alt. 842 m), Doam-myeon, Pyeong­ two retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.75 long, 0.68 wide. La­ chang-gun, Gangwon-do, 10 June 2010, J. C. Lim. bium 0.18 long, 0.29 wide. Leg measurements: I 3.82 (1.13, Diagnosis: The male of T. serpatusum is similar to that of 0.48, 0.90, 0.73, 0.58), II 3.35 (0.98, 0.43, 0.75, 0.61, 0.58), Yunohamella yunohamensis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) in III 2.89 (0.83, 0.38, 0.58, 0.55, 0.55), IV 3.86 (1.13, 0.43, the abdominal pattern, but can be easily distinguished from 0.95, 0.75, 0.60). Fem. I l/w 3.77. Tib. I l/w 4.80. Leg I/c the latter and the other congeneric species by the scoop- 2.55. Fem. I/c 0.75. Tib I/c 0.60. Met I/c 0.49. Pat. I+tib. I/ shaped conductor of palpal organ (Fig. 3B-G). c 0.92. Met. I/tar. I 1.26. Met. IV/tar. IV 1.25. Abdomen 1.35 Description: Male. Total length 2.48. Habitus as in Fig. long, 1.00 wide. Epigynum (Fig. 2F-H, L-N; genital duct 3A. Carapace 1.18 long, 1.03 wide, with Y-shaped groove long and coiled; copulatory opening in middle on epigynal making cervical groove and median furrow; clypeus height plate; fertilization duct very long. 3.1 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.47, PER 0.51; AER Habitat: Riverside grassland. retrocurved slightly and PER straight in dorsal view. AME World Distribution: Korea (Gyeongsangnam-do). 0.09, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09, AME-AME 0.10, Deposition: NIBRIV0000321390. AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.07, PME-PLE 0.09, AME- Identifer: Bo Keun Seo. PME 0.10, and ALE-PLE contiguous. Median ocular quad­ rangle, anterior side>height>posterior side (21 : 20 : 18). Genus Theridion Walckenaer, 1805 꼬마거미속 Chelicera with three promarginal teeth. Sternum 0.74 long, 0.69 wide. Labium 0.13 long, 0.25 wide. Legs yellow; first Theridion longipalpum Zhu, 1998 긴수염꼬마거미 and second femora with two broad brown rings distally, Synonyms: Theridion longipalpum Zhu, 1998: 193; Seo, other femora with one distal ring; all tibiae and metatarsi 2005: 125. with a brown rings at middle and at distal part; all tarsi with a broad brown ring at middle part. Leg measurements: I 7.76 Theridion longipili Seo, 2004 긴털꼬마거미 (2.23, 0.55, 1.18, 2.30, 0.80), II 5.44 (1.63, 0.50, 1.25, 1.43, Synonyms: Theridion longipili Seo, 2004: 79. 0.63), III 3.62 (1.13, 0.38, 0.68, 0.93, 0.50), IV 4.71 (1.45, 0.45, 1.03, 1.25, 0.53). Fem. I l/w 9.91. Tib. I l/w 12.53. Theridion palgongense Paik, 1996 팔공꼬마거미 Leg I/c 6.58. Fem. I/c 1.89. Tib I/c 1.59. Met I/c 1.95. Pat. Synonyms: Theridion palgongense Paik, 1996: 9. I+tib. I/c 2.06. Met. I/tar. I 2.88. Met. IV/tar. IV 2.36. Ab­ domen 1.35 long, 1.13 wide, and oval; dorsum black with a Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802) 붉은등줄꼬마거미 median white pattern; venter pale yellow with light brown Synonyms: Aranea picta Walckenaer, 1802: 207 area anterior to epigastric furrow and posterior brown area Theridion pictum Namkung, 1976: 84. of median part. 110 Bo Keun Seo

A B C D

E F G

Fig. 3. ‌Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu, 1993; A - male, dorsal view, B and E - male palp, retrolateral view, C and F - ditto, ventral view, D and G - ditto, ventro-retrolateral view. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (the rest).

Palpal organ (Fig. 3B-G); tapering embolus wrapped by scoop-shaped conductor; tegular and median apophyses ACKNOWLEDGEMENT small; cymbium with small hood-like paracymbium. Habitat: Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) forest. This work was supported by the grants of the National World Distribution: China, Korea (Gangwon-do). Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Deposition: NIBRIV0000321392. Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea Identifer: Bo Keun Seo. (NIBR 2013-02-001; NIBR 201501201). A New and Two Newly Recorded Spider Species from Korea 111

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