DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Species of Chaetocneme Felder, 1860 from Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Species of Chaetocneme Felder, 1860 from Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) 56 TROP. LEPID. RES., 26(1): 56-59, 2016 MÜLLER: A new species of Chaetocneme A new species of Chaetocneme Felder, 1860 from Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) Chris J. Müller Honorary Associate, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia Abstract: A new skipper butterfly Chaetocneme richardsi n. sp., from the Upper Sepik, West Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, is described and figured. The new species lacks a forewing costal fold and is compared with putative related species in thehelirius and tenuis species groups of Chaetocneme Felder, 1860, particularly the Bismarckian endemic C. sombra Evans, 1934. INTRODUCTION History), London, England (BMNH). Adult specimens were photographed using a Nikon D300s Chaetocneme Felder, 1860, belongs to the hesperiid Digital SLR Camera with a Nikon AF-S VR Micro-Nikkor subfamily Pyrginae, and is most closely related to the Oriental 105mm f/2.8G IFED Macro lens and Nikon R1C1 Close-up Capila Moore, [1866] (Parsons, 1998). The genus contains Kit Flashes Speedlights. Genitalia were photographed using approximately 18 species, with the majority restricted to the the same camera with a Meiji Techno EMZ-5TR-P-FOI New Guinea mainland (Parsons, 1998). Most Chaetocneme are Trinocular Stereozoom Microscope, with OPTEK FL95E rarely encountered in the wild and the majority of species are Fibreoptic Illuminator and twin arm optical fibre. Individual poorly represented in collections (Parsons, 1998). The adults sliced genitalia images were concatenated using the software are usually crepuscular, flying mainly at dusk, generally resting Helicon Focus 6.0 and edited in Adobe Photoshop CS6. Plates through the day on the undersides of leaves in the understorey. were designed in Adobe InDesign CS6. They are occasionally taken at artificial light (Parsons, 1998). The life histories of few species are documented but, where RESULTS known, they feed on a range of plant families, including Myrtaceae, Lauraceae and Annonaceae (Lane, 1993; Miller, Chaetocneme richardsi sp. nov 1990; Parsons, 1998; Wood, 1984). (Figs. 1 - 3, 16) A male specimen of an unusual Chaetocneme was collected during an expedition to the Upper Sepik in early 2010. It was Adult Description. Male (Figs. 1, 2). Forewing length 28 mm, antenna 16 mm immediately recognised as representing a new species, based on (nudum count 19). Head deep chestnut red-brown; labial palpus reddish brown above and orange below, eye ringed with white; antenna black, ringed with distinctive external facies, in particular the lack of a forewing orange-brown, club with red-brown ventrally. Thorax deep chestnut red-brown costal fold that is found in males of most other Chaetocneme above, beneath anterior of thorax and legs orange, posterior part of thorax deep species. This costal fold at the base of the dorsal forewing brown. Abdomen deep red-brown above, medium brown beneath. contains tightly packed androconial scales which are covered by Forewing with costa nearly straight and without costal fold, termen slightly concave, apex notably rounded, inner margin straight. Forewing a flap. The only other known Chaetocneme in which the costal upperside uniform rich chestnut red-brown and unmarked, termen and apex fold is absent are the Bismarckian C. sombra Evans, 1934 and broadly dark brown; veins black; cilia narrow and orange-brown. Forewing an undescribed species related to C. tenuis (van Eecke, 1924) underside uniform deep velvet brown and unmarked except for a slightly paler (Parsons, 1998). brown postmedian patch and paler brown area along inner margin and at base; costa orange-brown near base; cilia narrow and orange-brown. Several Chaetocneme taxa, including the new species Hindwing upperside uniform rich chestnut brown and unmarked; termen described here, are unicolorous brown on both wing surfaces, broadly dark brown; cilia narrow and orange. Hindwing underside uniform with no obvious markings. However, as well as the presence deep velvet brown and unmarked, slightly paler brown broadly along inner or absence of a costal fold, the size, wing shape and colour, margin; cilia narrow and orange. Male Genitalia (Fig 16). Tegumen tall, crown- or shield-like, colour and width of the terminal fringe, and particularly approximately equal in length and width; uncus long and narrow dorsally, the male genitalia, are generally diagnostic. Parsons (1998) laterally resembling beak of an albatross; gnathos spiny, long and narrow, illustrated line drawings of the male genitalia of almost all tapered towards tip of uncus; valva large, bulbous in lateral view, slightly species occurring in Papua New Guinea, showing the extensive indented along upper margin and with a single prominent spike near base of cucullus; cucullus about a quarter length of valva, narrow, upthrust, terminating diversity in the genitalic morphology. The purpose of this paper in an anteriorly facing tip bearing about seven sharp spines of equal length; is to describe this new species and to compare it to related saccus prominent, upturned at right angles to tegumen; aedeagus large and species. wide, bearing complex cornuti both in middle of post-zonal section and within vesica, which is flanged and flute-like. Female. Unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS HOLOTYPE ♂: PAPUA NEW GUINEA: labelled “Papua New Guinea, Type and other relevant specimens were examined and/ Upper Sepik, West Sepik Province, 550m, 4°40’S, 141°46’E, 8 - 12 Feb, 2010, or deposited in the following institutions: Australian Museum, S. J. Richards”; deposited in AMS (AMS Registration No. K.465330). Sydney, Australia (AMS), Australian National Insect Collection, Type locality. Papua New Guinea: Upper Sepik, West Sepik Province (4°40’S, Canberra, Australia (ANIC), and the British Museum (Natural 141°46’E, 550 m). MÜLLER: A new species of Chaetocneme TROP. LEPID. RES., 26(1): 56-59, 2016 57 Figs. 1–15. Adults of Chaetocneme. Fig. 1, Chaetocneme richardsi n. sp., ♂ (Holotype), dorsal view; Fig. 2, C. richardsi n. sp., ♂ (Holotype), ventral view; Fig. 3, C. richardsi n. sp., (Holotype), label data; Fig. 4, C. sombra ♂, dorsal view; Fig. 5, C. sombra ♂, ventral view; Fig. 6, C. sombra ♂, label data; Fig. 7, C. tenuis ♂, dorsal view; Fig. 8, C. tenuis ♂, ventral view; Fig. 9, C. tenuis ♂, label data; Fig. 10, C. helirius ♂, dorsal view; Fig. 11, C. helirius ♂, ventral view; Fig. 12, C. helirius ♂, label data; Fig. 13, C. naevifera ♂, dorsal view; Fig. 14, C. naevifera ♂, ventral view; Fig. 15, C. naevifera ♂, label data. Scale bar = 10 mm. Etymology. The species name honours Stephen J. Richards, Distribution and phenology. Chaetocneme richardsi is known who collected the holotype specimen while on expedition to the only from the northern part of the central cordillera, Papua New Upper Sepik with the author, during early 2010. Guinea. 58 TROP. LEPID. RES., 26(1): 56-59, 2016 MÜLLER: A new species of Chaetocneme Figs. 16-20. Male genitalia of Chaetocneme, showing a) lateral view, b) dorsal view, c) ventral view, d) aedeagus in lateral view, e) aedeagus in dorsal view. Fig. 16, Chaetocneme richardsi (Holotype); Fig. 17, C. sombra; Fig. 18, C. tenuis; Fig. 19, C. helirius; Fig. 20, C. naevifera. Scale bar = 1 mm (Figs. 16 – 19), 0.8 mm (Fig. 20). Diagnosis: The new species is one of a few in the genus Guinea, C. naevifera (Mabille, 1888) (Figs. 13 – 15, 20), C. Chaetocneme which is unicolourous on both wing surfaces, tenuis (Figs. 7 – 9, 18) and C. helirius (Cramer, [1775]) (Figs. lacking obvious markings. However, C. richardsi is highly 10 – 12, 19) bear no markings on the upperside but all of these distinctive in its wing shape and the ground colour plus the species possess forewing costal pouches. Only C. sombra colour and width of the terminal fringe. In mainland New (Figs. 4 – 6, 17), endemic to the Bismarck Archipelago, and an MÜLLER: A new species of Chaetocneme TROP. LEPID. RES., 26(1): 56-59, 2016 59 undescribed species from Humboldt Bay, Indonesian Papua, do and C. lunula (Mabille, 1888). A number of Chaetocneme not possess the costal flap. In both of these species the terminal larvae were discovered at the type locality of C. richardsi, fringe is uniformly dark brown, whereas in C. richardsi it is feeding on the foliage of Litsea Lam. and Neolitsea (Benth. distinctly orange. The wing shape of C. richardsi is distinctive & Hook.f.) Merr. species (Lauraceae) and unidentified species from other members of this group, with quite narrow wings of Annonaceae. Adults of C. antipodes and C. critomedia vertically, but the forewing apices are evenly rounded, whereas were reared from mature larvae located on Neolitsea sp. and they are pointed or falcate in other species. The ground colour of Annonaceae, respectively, but no immature larvae could be the upperside of C. richardsi is a distinct deep, chestnut brown raised to adult, due to time constraints. It is therefore possible rather than an ochreous or plain brown as in related species, that C. richardsi larvae were among these and feed on one of and the underside is a deep velvet brown. The terminal fringe these plant families. (cilia) in C. richardsi is narrow and deep orange, whereas in Chaetocneme butterflies are particularly elusive and several putative related species it is wide and either brown (C. sombra, species are known from few specimens. C. kumpiana Evans, C. tenuis), yellow (C. naevifera) or cream-yellow (C. helirius). 1934, for example, is known only from a single specimen from The male genitalia of C. richardsi are also highly distinct, the Weyland Mountains, Indonesian Papua Province. Others, having a long uncus that is somewhat similar to, but much such as C. morea Evans, 1934 and C. lunula, are widely longer, taller and narrower dorsally than that of C. tenuis (but distributed yet known from few specimens. It is therefore C. tenuis has the valva terminating in a long spike), whereas probable that C. richardsi has a much wider range in suitable the others have an anvil-shaped sclerotized underside to the habitats outside of the Upper Sepik Basin.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006
    Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 Current as at 1 September 2017 Queensland Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 Contents Page Part 1 Preliminary 1 Short title . 5 2 Commencement . 5 3 Purpose . 5 4 Definitions . 6 5 Scientific names . 6 Part 2 Classes of native wildlife and declared management intent for the wildlife Division 1 Extinct in the wild wildlife 6 Native wildlife that is extinct in the wild wildlife . 7 7 Declared management intent for extinct in the wild wildlife . 8 8 Significance of extinct in the wild wildlife to nature and its value 8 9 Proposed management intent for extinct in the wild wildlife . 8 10 Principles for the taking, keeping or use of extinct in the wild wildlife 9 Division 2 Endangered wildlife 11 Native wildlife that is endangered wildlife . 10 12 Declared management intent for endangered wildlife . 10 13 Significance of endangered wildlife to nature and its value . 10 14 Proposed management intent for endangered wildlife . 11 15 Principles for the taking, keeping or use of endangered wildlife . 12 Division 3 Vulnerable wildlife 16 Native wildlife that is vulnerable wildlife . 13 17 Declared management intent for vulnerable wildlife . 13 18 Significance of vulnerable wildlife to nature and its value . 13 19 Proposed management intent for vulnerable wildlife . 14 20 Principles for the taking, keeping or use of vulnerable wildlife . 15 Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 Contents Division 4 Near threatened wildlife 26 Native wildlife that is near threatened wildlife . 16 27 Declared management intent for near threatened wildlife . 16 28 Significance of near threatened wildlife to nature and its value .
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Benefits to Papua New Guinea and Australia from the Biological Control of Banana Skipper (Erionota Thrax)
    ECONOMIC BENEFITS TO PAPUA NEW GUINEA AND AUSTRALIA FROM THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BANANA SKIPPER (ERIONOTA THRAX) ACIAR Project CS2/1988/002-C Doug Waterhouse CSIRO Entomology GPO Box 1700 Canberra ACT 2601 Birribi Dillon and David Vincent Centre for International Economics GPO Box 2203 Canberra ACT 2601 ̈ ACIAR is concerned that the products of its research are adopted by farmers, policy-makers, quarantine officials and others whom its research is designed to help. ̈ In order to monitor the effects of its projects, ACIAR commissions assessments of selected projects, conducted by people independent of ACIAR. This series reports the results of these independent studies. ̈ Communications regarding any aspects of this series should be directed to: The Manager Impact Assessment Program ACIAR GPO Box 1571 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia. ISBN 1 86320 266 8 Editing and design by Arawang Communication Group, Canberra Contents Abstract 5 1. The ACIAR Project 7 This Report 8 2. The Banana Skipper, Control Agents and Leaf Damage 9 The Banana Skipper 9 The Colonisation of Papua New Guinea by E. thrax 11 Control Agents 13 Effects of Leaf Damage 15 3 Project Costs and Benefits 18 Costs 18 Benefits to Papua New Guinea 19 The Value to Australia of the ACIAR Project 25 Increase in Gross Value of Banana Production as a Measure of Welfare Benefit 32 Comparing Benefits with Costs 33 Benefits Which Have Not Been Quantified 33 4 Conclusion 34 Acknowledgment 35 References 36 4 ࡯ ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BANANA SKIPPER Figures
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Summary: Cape York, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Nota Lepidopterologica
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nota lepidopterologica Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 28 Autor(en)/Author(s): Benyamini Dubi Artikel/Article: Euphorbiaceae - a new host-plant family for Carcharodus alceae Esper, 1780 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and a discussion on the use of Euphorbiaceae by butterfly larvae (Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea) in the world 75-92 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Nota lepid. 28 (2): 75-92 75 Euphorbiaceae - a new host-plant family for Carcharodus alceae Esper, 1780 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and a discussion on the use of Euphorbiaceae by butterfly larvae (Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea) in the world DuBi Benyamini 91 Levona str., Bet Arye 71947, Israel; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Carcharodus alceae is one of the most common and best known of the European hesperiids; its Malvaceae host-plant family was already known to Esper in the 1 8th century. Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Raf. (Euphorbiaceae) was found to be both a new food-plant species and family for this hesperiid. Late-season use of this new host-plant by C. alceae may have its disadvantages as the plant does not afford adequate protection for the overwintering pupa. This is the first record of a host-plant for C. alceae that does not belong to the mallows; it is also the first record of a Palaearctic hesperiid feeding on Euphorbiaceae. The discovery, the biology of the skipper and the use of euphorbs by other butterflies in the world are presented and analysed. Key words.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Summary: Wet Tropics, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • How Are Moths and Butterflies Different?
    Fact Sheet 1: How are moths and butterflies different? Butterflies are part of the Order Lepidoptera, latin for “scale wing” which refers to the beautiful feathery scales which coat their wings giving them colours and patterns. Lepidoptera also includes the moths, and it can be hard at times to work out how to tell moths and butterflies apart. This fact sheet will show you some simple guidelines (and more complicated points of biology) that help, but there are exceptions as well that can be confusing. Clubbed vs. fuzzy antennae One of the most reliable features that can help tell a butterfly from a moth is their antennae. Most butterflies have long thin antennae with a kink or bulb/club shape at the end, while many (but not all) moths have feathery or fuzzy antennae. However this doesn’t always work, as you can see with this Joseph’s Coat Moth (Agarista agricola) that its antennae are neither fuzzy nor feathery. They do lack a club though, which is a subtle hint that this species is not a butterfly. © Chris Sanderson Moth antennae are often “feathery” Butterfly antennae bulge at the end or “fuzzy” like this, but many are in a club, but this can be hard to see not. sometimes. Flying at night or in the day? Most butterflies fly during the day, and most moths fly at night. However there are many day-flying moths, and a small number of butterflies that fly at night so be aware that this isn’t always a great feature to use. For example, the Eastern Dusk-flat (Chaetocneme beata) pictured to the left is a butterfly that mostly flies in the early morning and late afternoon, but also flies at night.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Gulf, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Hesperiidae Biosecurity Occurrence Background Subfamilies Short
    Erionota thrax Hesperiidae Skippers Biosecurity BIOSECURITY ALERT This Family is of Biosecurity Concern Occurrence This family occurs in Australia. Background Skipper butterflies are a large, ubiquitous family with approximately 4,200 species globally and 124 named species in Australia. Greatest diversity is in the tropics and they are absent from New Zealand. Most skipper butterflies are dully coloured and small and inconspicuous; the common name relates to their quick, darting flight. In general the immature stages and biology of this group are poorly understood. Caterpillars usually form shelters from the leaves of food plants tied with silk, although the giant skippers are borers. Most skippers by far do not come into conflict with humans and cause economic problems. Subfamilies The family currently consists of the following seven subfamilies (Toussaint et al. 2018): Coeliadinae Euschemoninae Eudaminae Pyrginae Heteropterinae Hesperiinae Trapezitinae Short Description Mature hesperiid caterpillars are ‘grublike’, elongate, cylindrical, tapering at both ends and have numerous, short secondary setae (Fig. 1). Caterpillars have a distinct neck caused by a constriction posterior to the head (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The head is prominent, except in the giant skippers or Megathymini (Hesperiinae), in which it is always smaller than the prothorax. They are normally greenish, whitish or yellowish. The caterpillars lack an osmeterium. The body segments are divided into annulets (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Crochets are arranged in a circle. An anal comb is usually present, but not in the Megathymini (Hesperiinae) (giant skippers) (Braby 2000). Fig. 2. Mature caterpillar of the northern Australian hesperiid Chaetocneme denitza (Pyrgidae). Photo, Fig. 1. Mature caterpillar of banana skipper, Erionota courtesy of Wes Jenkinson.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hindenburg Wall. a Review of Existing Knowledge
    THE HINDENBURG WALL A review of existing knowledge Edited by Tanya Zeriga-Alone, Nathan Whitmore and J Ross Sinclair A report for the PNG SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM By the WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY In partnership with PNG DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION Review of the Hindenburg Wall i c This review is published by: Wildlife Conservation Society Papua New Guinea Program PO BOX 277, Goroka, EHP PAPUA NEW GUINEA Tel: +675-532-3494 [email protected] www.wcs.org Editors: Tanya Zeriga-Alone, Nathan Whitmore and J Ross Sinclair. Contributors: Ken Aplin, Arison Arihafa, Barry Craig, Bensolo Ken, Chris J. Muller and Stephen Richards. The Wildlife Conservation Society is a private, not-for-profit organisation exempt from federal income tax under section 501c(3) of the Inland Revenue Code. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Wildlife Conservation Society or PNG Sustainable Development Program. Acknowledgement: The editors would like to thank the contributing writers and also the following: (PNGSDP) Tricia Caswell, Stanis Tao, Susil Nelson and Ginia Siaguru; (WCS) Zoe Coulson-Sinclair and Seb Delgarno; (DEC) Secretary Gunther Joku and Rose Singadan; (Rocky Roe Photographics) Rocky Roe; (UPNG) Phil Shearman. Images: Rocky Roe (Pages: Front cover, II-VIII, XIV, 1, 4, 7, 8, 24, 40, 60, 63, 74, back cover), Steve Richards (Pages: 19, 27, 28, 36, 84), Ignacio Pazposse (Pages: IX, 21, 31, 37, 41, 61, 64, 75). Suggested citation: Zeriga-Alone, T., Whitmore, N. and Sinclair, R. (editors). 2012. The Hindenburg Wall: A review of existing knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Red-Eye Pigmentation and Diel Activity Patterns in Skippers (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Hesperiidae)
    Journal of Natural History ISSN: 0022-2933 (Print) 1464-5262 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnah20 A review of red-eye pigmentation and diel activity patterns in skippers (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Hesperiidae) Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint & Andrew D. Warren To cite this article: Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint & Andrew D. Warren (2019) A review of red-eye pigmentation and diel activity patterns in skippers (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Hesperiidae), Journal of Natural History, 53:35-36, 2165-2181, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692090 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1692090 Published online: 29 Nov 2019. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnah20 JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 2019, VOL. 53, NOS. 35–36, 2165–2181 https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1692090 A review of red-eye pigmentation and diel activity patterns in skippers (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Hesperiidae) Emmanuel F. A. Toussainta and Andrew D. Warrenb aNatural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; bFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The visual systems and diel activity patterns of butterflies and Received 28 May 2019 moths have been studied for decades, yet understanding the Accepted 5 November 2019 underlying mechanisms that are associated with the evolution of KEYWORDS these remains a major challenge. The order Lepidoptera is princi- Butterfly vision; convergent pally composed of nocturnal lineages with extreme morphological evolution; Hesperiidae; and behavioural adaptations to this lifestyle.
    [Show full text]
  • SI Appendix to "Genomes of Skipper Butterflies Reveal Extensive
    SI Appendix to "Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns" by Wenlin Li, Qian Cong, Jinhui Shen, Jing Zhang, Winnie Hallwachs, Daniel H. Janzen and Nick V. Grishin Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (Online ISSN 1091-6490) on March 15, 2019 as part of the article "Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns" and archived together with it. ZooBank registration for this work is 8A8E82C4-AC8A-4B7B-8DF4-6BFF4BD48F3D. Table of Contents Taxonomic Appendix .................................................................................................................................... 3 T1. Taxonomic Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 3 T2. Subfamilies, tribes and subtribes in the family Hesperiidae ................................................................... 6 T3. New tribes and subtribes described in Table 1 ....................................................................................... 8 T4. New genera and subgenera described in Table 2 ................................................................................... 9 T5. Systematic list of Eudaminae proposed in this work ............................................................................ 10 T6. Systematic list of Eudaminae prior to this publication ......................................................................... 28 T7. New
    [Show full text]