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Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) by Claude MASSIN

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Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) by Claude MASSIN BULLETIN DE L’INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE BIOLOGIE, 77: 123-130, 2007 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN BIOLOGIE, 77: 123-130, 2007 Redescription of Stichopus naso SEMPER, 1868 (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) by Claude MASSIN Abstract synonymy substantially determined(R owe & GATES, 1995), its complete ossicle assemblage has never been Specimens from Japan, Thailand, Papua New Guinea fully described. Semper , (1868), M itsukuri , (1912), and Madagascar have allowed a complete redescription and R ey es-LÉONARDO (1984) only illustrated the body of Stichopus naso Semper , 1868. The species, with a wall ossicles, excluding those from the papillae, tube- wide Indo-Pacific distribution, is new to the fauna of feet and tentacles. Papua New Guinea and Madagascar. Similar to several Originally, Stichopus naso was considered an other shallow-water holothurians it has the potential to endemic of the Philippines (S emper , 1868; Clark reproduce by transversal fission. When disturbed, the A.M. & R ow e, 1971; R e y e s-Léo n a r d o , 1984). Its body undulates in a typical fashion and it is capable of distribution has recently been extended to Australia limited swimming movements. (M arsh et al., 1993; R owe & Gates 1995), South East Asia and the China Sea (La n e et al., 2000; Key words: Stichopus naso, distribution, Indo-Pacific, Putch ak arn & Sonch aeng , 2000) and Sri Lanka transversal fission, escape movement. (KUMARA et al., 2005). New voucher specimens from Japan, Thailand, Madagascar and Papua New Guinea have allowed a full Résumé redescription of the species and the establishment of its distribution map. Stichopus naso Semper , 1868 est redécrit en détail sur base de matériel provenant du Japon, de Thaïlande, de Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée et de Madagascar. Ta x o n o m y L’espèce qui a une large distribution Indo-Pacifique, est nouvelle pour la faune de Papouasie Nouvelle- Order Aspidochirotida Gr u b e , 1840 Guinée et de Madagascar. S. naso a la possibilité de se Family Stichopodidae Haeckel , 1886 reproduire par scission transversale comme d’autres Genus Stichopus B r a n d t , 1835 holothuries littorales. Lorsqu’il est dérangé, il présente Stichopus naso Semper , 1868 un mouvement natatoire par ondulation du corps. Stichopus naso Semper, 1868 : 72, pis 18, 30, fig. Mots clés: Stichopus naso, distribution, Indo-Pacific, 3a-c (non Stichopus naso Ha a c k e , 1880); LUDWIG, scission transversale, mouvement de retraite. 1883 : 164 ; L am pert , 1885 : 107 ; ThÉel, 1886 : 192 ; L u d w ig, 1889-92 : 331 ; Clark , 1922 : 68 ; Clark , A.M. & R ow e, 1971 : 178 ; D aniel & Halder , 1974 : Introduction 423 R ey es-Léo n a r d o , 1984 : 151, pi. 10, fig. 2a- h ; R ey es-Léonardo & Co w a n , 1984: 43 (colour Although Stichopus naso SEMPER, 1868 (non S. plate) ; M arsh et al., 1993 :64; R owe & Ga t e s , 1995 : naso H a a c k e , 1880 = S. herrmanni SEMPER, 1868) 325 ; La ne et al., 2000 : 489 ; Sa m y n , 2003 : 88 ; has always been considered a valid species and its Putch ak arn & S onch aeng , 2004 : 426 ; Ku m a r a et 124 C. MASSIN a l, 2005: 25 a muddy bottom with sparse sea-grass bed, October 1990. Stichopus flaccus LlAO, 1980: 118, fig. 6a-h ; LlAO, - Microscopic preparations from four specimens 1984 : 240, fig. 20(1-11) ; Liao & Clark , A.M. 1995 : (labelled I 1206, I 1207, I 1208 and I 1209) from 466, fig. 279a-b L; ia o , 1997 : 152, fig. 88a-b ; La ne et Thailand (Gulf of Thailand, Kho Lan Islands) collected a l, 2000:489. by S. Pu tc h a k a r n , May 2001. Stichopus levis SLUITER, 1888: 198, pi. 1(6); CLARK, D escription H.L. 1922: 50. Small to medium holothuroid (10-20 cm long). Body Stichopus laevis; Lu d w ig, 1889-92: 331; Clark H.L., quadrangular in cross section; trivium with well 1922: 50. defined sole. Tube feet of trivium densely crowded in 4-6 rows along each of the ambulacra (fig. IG); two Stichopus ohshimae MITSUKURI, 1912 : 171, fig. 30a- narrow interambulacral zones devoid of tube-feet (fig. f ; Clark , H.L. 1922 : 50;Y am a n o u c h i , 1955 : 194 ; 1C). Mouth ventral, surrounded by 18 tentacles; anus V erbist , 1993 : 117 ; ? K o h tsuk a , 2006: 203 (2 colour terminal without anal papillae. Bivium with four more plates). or less distinct rows of very large papillae (figs. 1 A, B). Along the ventral lateral edges, between the bivium Stichopus variegatus pallidus CLARK, H.L. 1938: 514. and trivium, a row of prominent papillae occurs (figs. 1A-C). Stichopus horrens; KOHTSUKA et al., 2005: 23 (non Dorsal body wall yellowish beige, mottled with Stichopus horrens SELENKA, 1867). brown, or uniform yellow brown (figs 1 A, B) ; ventral body wall light beige with a brown line along central Type locality ambulacrum (fig. 1C). Tip of podia and dorsal papillae deep brown; specimens from Madagascar with Philippines (Bohol). dorsally brown lines perpendicular to each other. Small specimens with grey patches or nearly uniform grey Type m aterial (fig. IB). Body wall thick (3-5 mm). Polian vesicles 2-4, large (1/10 to 1/20 of body length), one contorted Two according to Semper (1868); their whereabouts stone canal embedded in dorsal mesentery, ending in unknown according to R owe & Gates (1995). spherical madreporic plate (fig. 4A) located at the level of the calcareous ring. Tentacle ampullae very short M aterial exam ined (1/50 of body length). Calcareous ring well developed, stichopodid like, i.e. dorsal radial pieces with two - Two specimens (IRSNB IG 28679/30) from posterior process and interadial pieces narrow, (1/2 of Madagascar (Tuléar, middle of the Grand Récif, internal radial length) each with a prominent anterior tooth (fig. slope, Station 20) collected by I. Eeck h aut , at low tide 2B). Longitudinal muscles well developed, wide, bifid, at 2-3 m depth on a sandy muddy bottom, November attached. Gonads absent in all specimens studied. 1998. Ossicles of body wall comprise tables, rosettes and - Two specimens (IRSNB IG 29142/42) from C-shape rods. Tables nearly all of similar size (disc 25 Madagascar (Tuléar, Belaza) collected byC. Ma ssin in pm across, pillars 30 pm high); disc of table perforated a sea-grass bed close to a mangrove at low tide, March by 4 central holes and 4-8 peripheral holes (fig.2C); disc 2000 . of table smooth to spiny. Rosettes present, (fig. 2D) - Three specimens from Madagascar (Tulear, Belaza: more numerous ventrally than dorsally. C-shape rods 23°30’S- 43°45’E) collected byR. R asoloforina in a numerous, 90-180 pm long dorsally and gathered in sea-grass bed at low tide, March 2006. heaps (fig. 2E); ventrally, C-shape rods 60-110 pm long. - One specimen from Japan (Awaze, Okinawa Tube feet with two types of tables: small ones similar Prefecture) collected byS hogo A rai at 10 m depth on to those of body wall (fig. 2F) and some larger ones a soft mud with fine sand, December 2004. with up to 20 peripheral holes (fig. 2G). Rods narrow, - Two specimens (IRSNB IG 27754/177 and IG 27754/ spiny, 200-400 pm long (fig. 2J) sometimes with forked 178) from Papua New Guinea (Hansa Bay, Madang extremities (fig. 4K). Rosettes numerous and irregular Province), collected by C. M a ssin at 7 m depth on (fig. 2L). Close to end plate large perforated plates Redescription of Stichopus naso SEMPER, 1868 125 Fig, 1. Stichopus naso Semper, 1868. A: Madagascar, Tuléar, Belaza; low tide, on sandy-muddy bottom with sea-grass beds (photo R. Rasolofonirina); B: Papua New Guinea, Madang Province, Mansa Bay, 7 m depth on sparse sea-grass beds (photo C. M assin); C: Madagascar, Tuléar, Belaza, dorsal and ventral view (photo C. MASSIN). 126 C. MASSIN Fig. 2. Stichopus naso SEMPER, 1868, specimen from Papua New Guinea. A: stone canal; B.; calcareous ring (r: radial piece; ir: interradial piece); C: tables from dorsal body wall; D: rosettes from ventral body wall; E: C-shape rod from dorsal body wall; F: small table from tube feet; G: large table from tube feet; H: perforated plates from tube feet; J: rods from tube feet; K: forked extremity of a tube feet rod; L: rosettes from tube feet; M: small table from dorsal papillae; N: large tables from dorsal papillae; P: C-shape rods from dorsal papillae; Q: spiny rods from dorsal papillae; R: S- shape rod from dorsal papillae; S: rosettes from dorsal papillae; T: C-shape rods from tentacles; U: spiny rods from tentacles. Redescription of Stichopus naso Se m pe r , 1868 127 30° 0 ° V 30° Fig. 3. Stichopus naso Semper, 1868. Distribution map. present, 100-160 pm long with spiny edge (fig. 2H). body. When disturbed S. naso exhibits an undulatory End plate of the tube feet 300-600pm across, made movement of the body wall to escape. Because of this of several pieces. Dorsal papillae with tables, rosettes, behaviour, local people from Madagascar call S. naso large spiny rods and C- and S-shape rods. Two kinds “the smurf holothurian” (Eeck h aut , pers. comm.). of tables are present: small tables (disc 25-40 pm across) (fig. 2M) very similar to those of body wall and D iscussion large tables (disc 80-120 pm across) with numerous peripheral holes (fig.2N); last type tack like, with 4 Superficial examination shows that Stichopus naso and spiny pillars ending into 2-4 spines; pillars united by S.
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