Dissent Women in Anthony Trollope's Fiction: a Sympathetic Portrayal
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UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-1993 Dissent women in Anthony Trollope's fiction: A sympathetic portrayal Elisabeth Morton McLaren University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation McLaren, Elisabeth Morton, "Dissent women in Anthony Trollope's fiction: A sympathetic portrayal" (1993). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/uqts-wcbg This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced frommicrofilm the master, UMI film s the text directly from theoriginal or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent uponq u a lity theof the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandardmargins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sectionssmall with overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor.Ml 48106-1346USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 DISSENT WOMEN IN ANTHONY TROLLOPE'S FICTION: A SYMPATHETIC PORTRAYAL by Elisabeth M. McLaren A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Department of English University of Nevada, Las Vegas August 1995 UMI Number: 9605334 OMI Microform 9605334 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 The Dissertation of Elisabeth M. McLaren for the degree of Ph.D. in English is approved. Chaiiperson, James F„ Hazen, Ph.D Examining Committee Member, Darlene H. Unrue, Ph.D. Examining Committee Member, Mark A. Weinstein, Ph.D. Graduate Faculty Representative, Lawrence E. Klein, Ph.D. Interim Dean of the Graduate College, Cheryl L. Bowles, Ed.D. University of Nevada, Las Vegas August, 1995 Abstract This study examines Anthony Trollope's depiction of women, specifically dissent women who, for one reason or another, did not conform to the expectations of their society. His treatment of these women reveals an author who grew more sympathetic to the position of women as he grew older. I have divided his writing career into three periods, and from each period, I have representative women who clearly indicate Trollope changing viewpoint. In Chapter One, the Introduction, I explain Trollope's development as a writer, how he is viewed by modern critics, and his position in nineteenth-century England. Chapter Two, "Single Women" deals with three representative women from the three periods of his life, clearly demonstrating his changing attitude towards women traditionally viewed as insignificant and unimportant. Chapter Three, "Fallen Women" looks at the woman whose sexual misconduct places her outside the bounds of conventional society. Trollope, by the third period of his career, places the blame squarely on the man and sees the woman as more sinned against than sinning. Chapter Four, "Unwitting Adultery" examines sexual misconduct within the confines of marriage. Although these iii women were condemned by their society, Trollope blames societal conventions rather than the women who find themselves in this situation. Chapter Five, "Unhappy Marriages" traces life after the wedding, following four very different women who struggled to find an identity within a male-dominated institution. Trollope moves from presenting these women as stereotypic shrews (Mrs. Proudie) to recognizing the pressures which exist in difficult relationships. Perhaps his finest study is Lady Glencora who, more than any other character, reflects her creator's evolving sympathy and compassion towards dissent women in an unhappy marriage. Chapter Six, The Conclusion briefly summarizes Trollope's evolution through his writing career and concludes that "essential Victorian" indeed reflected his times, which were marked more by change than by stasis. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT............................................. iii CHAPTER ONE A Man In and Out of His Time...................1 CHAPTER TWO Single Women................................... 40 CHAPTER THREE Fallen Women................................... 71 CHAPTER FOUR Unwitting Adultery............................. 99 CHAPTER FIVE Unhappy Marriages.............................. 128 CHAPTER SIX Conclusion......................................176 BIBLIOGRAPHY.........................................183 V IN MEMORIUM Ian Hotchkiss McLaren 1920 - 1980 Frances Eriksson McLaren 1923 - 1993 CHAPTER ONE A MAN IN AND OUT OF HIS TIME Anthony Trollope was identified, in his own time as well as in the present, as a quintessential Victorian, in habits, pleasures, and temperament. James Boyce, a nineteenth century contemporary of Trollope, writes, Personally, Anthony Trollope was a bluff, genial, hearty, vigorous man, typi cally English in his face, his talk, his ideas, his tastes. His large eyes, which looked larger behind his large spectacles, were full of good- humoured life and force; and though he was neither witty nor brilliant in conversation, he was what is called very good company, having traveled widely, known all sorts of people, and formed views, usually positive views, on all the subjects of the day, views which he was prompt to declare and maintain. Though boisterous and insistent in his talk, he was free from as sumption or conceit, and gave the impression of liking the world he lived in, and being satisfied with his own place in it (Boyce 118-9). Michael Sadleir, writing in the twentieth century, agrees, When Anthony Trollope died, there passed not only the mid-Victorian novel but a social epoch also. This dual significance of Trollope - at once literary and social - sets him apart from the other novelists of his time and makes him lists who, at any time, have expressed alike a period and an individual psychology (Sadleir 13). 1 2 However, associating a writer solely with a particular time period usually does him an injustice as it assumes he reinforces the accepted conventions of that time or merely acts as a reflection of its perceived beliefs. Certainly the era dur ing which Trollope wrote was in an almost constant state of change, thus making it difficult for critics to pin down with any degree of accuracy what constituted Victorian beliefs or conventions. Trollope presents an excellent example of a writer whose philosophy matched his era in his ability to recognize change and incorporate it into his writings. A prominent modern critic, Bill Overton, explains the dichotomy between what he calls the official Trollope and the unofficial Trol lope. His critical study explores how the two overlap and explains how the au thor must be seen in context of his time for the modern reader to appreciate fully his accomplishments. Specifically, in terms of Overton's explanation, Trollope had the imaginative sympathy for women that enlarged his understanding and allowed him to tran scend the limitations and stereotypic approach of so many male Victorian writ ers. His novels reveal a subtlety and sophistication in regards to the psychology of women and the problems they faced in a male-dominated society. His treat ment of women tends to set him apart from such writers as Charles Dickens or William Thackeray. Lansbury explains this difference in greater detail: Trollope never failed to sympathize with the plight of women in society. From his own experience he knew how society could give freedom to some and crush and restrict others. It is his women who speak out with most vehemence against a society that made marriage the only acceptable ca reer for a woman. Without money a woman had to find a husband in Trol lope's world or become the appendage to the nearest relation prepared to support her. It is not men but women who complain about the social order, and their criticism comes from the heart