Motive Spanischer Kletterinnen“

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Motive Spanischer Kletterinnen“ DIPLOMARBEIT / DIPLOMA THESIS Titel der Diplomarbeit / Title of the Diploma Thesis „Motive spanischer KletterInnen“ verfasst von / submitted by Esther Michor angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magistra der Naturwissenschaften (Mag. rer. nat) Wien, 2018 / Vienna, 2018 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 190 482 353 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Lehramt UF Bewegung und Sport UF Spanisch degree programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ. Ass. Mag. Dr. Clemens Ley Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich, Esther Michor, erkläre hiermit, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit eigenständig angefertigt habe. Informationen aus fremden Quellen, wurden als solche kenntlich gemacht. Diese Arbeit wurde noch keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. Ort und Datum Unterschrift Zusammenfassung Klettern? Warum sollte jemand diese scheinbar bedeutungslose, unnütze und risikobehaftete Aktivität ausüben? Aus welchen Gründen gehen Menschen in Spanien Felsklettern, trainieren in Kletterhallen und erklimmen Berggipfel über steile Wände? Verschieben sich Motive aufgrund verschiedener Parameter, wie Alter, Geschlecht, eigene Kinder, Kletterniveau usw.? Um auf diese Fragen Antworten zu finden, wurde ein Onlinefragebogen, mit 43 Motivitems, auf Basis der Klassifizierung von Motiven im Sport von Lehnert, Sudek und Conzelmann (2011), entworfen, ins Spanische übersetzt und über digitale Medien verteilt. Es konnten die Motive von 296 KletterInnen im Alter von 16 bis 63 Jahren aus den verschiedensten Regionen Spaniens untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen u. a. folgendes: Als die wichtigsten Beweggründe spanischer KletterInnen haben sich die Motivgruppen „Natur“, „Flow“ und „Leistung/ Herausforderung“ herauskristallisiert. Für Frauen sind die Motive „Bewegungserleben“, „Natur“ und „Flow“ wichtiger als für Männer. Die Motive „Ablenkung/Katharsis“, „Kontakt“, „Leistung/Herausforderung“, „Vergleich mit anderen“ und „Risiko“ sind für Menschen, die Kinder haben nicht so wichtig als solchen ohne Kinder. Mit steigendem Alter sinkt die Höhe der Bedeutung vieler Motive. Je höher der Schwierigkeitsgrad, den die Kletterinnen beherrschen, umso wesentlicher sind die Motive „Leistung/Herausforderung“ und „Bewegungserleben“ für sie. TeilnehmerInnen mit mehr Jahren an Klettererfahrung bewerten den „Vergleich mit anderen“ niedriger als AnfängerInnen. Probandinnen, die Klettern einen hohen Stellenwert im Leben einräumen, bewerten auch die Faktoren „Bewegungserleben“, „Leistung/Herausforderung“ und „Flow“ hoch. Dies Ergebnisse dieser Studie sind ein Beitrag um auf psychische Dispositionen von Kletterinnen schließen zu können. Damit könnten, unter anderem, spezifische Sportangebote entwickelt werden, die verstärktes Bewegungsverhalten von Menschen fördern. Abstract Climb? Why would anyone do this seemingly meaningless, useless and risky activity? Why do people go rock climbing in Spain, train in climbing gyms and climb summits over vertical walls? Are motives shifting, due to various parameters such as age, gender, children, climbing level, etc.? To find answers to these questions, an online questionnaire, with 43 items, based on the classification of motives in sports by Lehnert, Sudek and Conzelmann (2011), was designed, translated into Spanish and distributed via digital media. The motives of 296 climbers aged between 16 and 63, from various regions of Spain were examined. The results of this study show amongst others the following: The main motives of Spanish climbers are from the groups "Nature", "Flow" and "Performance/Challenge". For women, the motives "Movement Experience", "Nature" and "Flow" are more important than for men. The motives "Distraction/Catharsis," "Contact," "Achievement/Challenge," "Comparison with others," and "Risk" are not as important for people who have children as for those without children. With increasing age, the level of importance of many motives decreases. The higher the level of difficulty that the climbers master, the more important are the motives "Achievement/Challenge" and "Movement experience" for them. Participants with more years of climbing experience rate the "Comparison with others" lower than beginners. People, who give climbing a high priority in life, also rate the factors "Movement experience", "Performance /Challenge" and "Flow" high. The results of this study are a contribution to infer the psychic dispositions of climbers. Among other things, this could be used to develop specific sports offerings to facilitate peoples kinesic behaviour support. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Klettern ............................................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Einführung ............................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Spielformen des Kletterns ....................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Begehungsstil einer Kletterroute ............................................................................................ 8 2.4 Schwierigkeitsgrade .............................................................................................................. 10 2.5 Klettern in Spanien ................................................................................................................ 12 3 Motivation ..................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Begriff Motivation ................................................................................................................. 15 3.2 Begriff Motiv .......................................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Zusammenspiel zwischen Motivation und Motiv ................................................................. 19 3.4 Motive im Sport ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.5 Klassifizierung von Motiven im Sport .................................................................................... 21 4 Aktueller Forschungsstand ............................................................................................................ 26 4.1 Forschungsarbeiten über Motive im Sport ........................................................................... 26 4.2 Forschungsarbeiten über Motive im Klettern ....................................................................... 27 4.3 Forschungsarbeiten über Motive spanischer Kletterinnen ................................................... 30 5 Forschungsdesign .......................................................................................................................... 31 5.1 Forschungsziel, Forschungsfragen und Hypothesen ............................................................. 31 5.2 Untersuchungsmethode ........................................................................................................ 36 5.3 Erarbeitung eines adäquaten Fragebogens .......................................................................... 37 5.4 Durchführung der Befragung ................................................................................................ 42 5.5 Grundgesamtheit, Fragebögenauswahl, Stichprobe und Beschreibung der Datenanalyse.. 43 5.6 Qualitätssicherung................................................................................................................. 45 5.6.1 Gütekriterien ................................................................................................................. 46 5.6.2 Übersetzung des Fragenbogens .................................................................................... 47 5.6.3 Feedback zum Fragebogen ............................................................................................ 48 6 Ergebnisse: deskriptive Statistik .................................................................................................... 50 6.1 Soziodemographische Angaben ............................................................................................ 51 6.1.1 Geschlecht ..................................................................................................................... 51 6.1.2 Alter ............................................................................................................................... 51 6.1.3 Ausbildungsgrad ............................................................................................................ 52 6.1.4 Wohnort ........................................................................................................................ 52 6.1.5 Kinder ............................................................................................................................ 52 6.1.6 Ausübung weiterer Sportarten ...................................................................................... 53 6.2 Kletterkompetenz .................................................................................................................. 55 6.2.1 Klettererfahrung in Jahren ...........................................................................................
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