Iowa Mollusks

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widespread common fish. Mussels are filter-feeders, bringing in water and the organic matter it contains through the incurrent siphon, filtering the particles out, then sending the rest of the water away from the body through the excurrent siphon. Particles filtered include plankton and detritus. Mature mussels spend most of their lives, which range from 10 to 100 years, partially or wholly buried in the bottom substrate. Habitats interior rivers and streams; Mississippi River Iowa Status threatened; native Siltation and other unknown water quality impacts from changing land use have greatly impacted mussel populations. The exotic zebra mussel greatly stresses remaining native mussels by covering their shells and competing for food. butterfly Iowa Range Ellipsaria lineolata Mississippi River in pools 10, 11, 12, 15, and 19 and the lower reaches of its larger tributaries Kingdom: Animalia Division/Phylum: Mollusca Bibliography Iowa Department of Natural Resources. 2001. Class: Bivalvia Biodiversity of Iowa: Aquatic Habitats CD-ROM. Features The butterfly mussel has a triangular, flattened shell that is thick and solid. The outside is yellowish-brown with brown rays that are broken into brown blotches. The inside of the shell is white. The anterior end of the shell is rounded while the posterior end is pointed. The butterfly mussel grows to four inches long. Natural History The butterfly mussel lives in sand or gravel in large rivers. It is a threatened species in Iowa. Its distribution in Iowa is not well documented. Freshwater mussels have an elaborate reproductive system. During spawning, males release sperm into the water. The sperm are drawn inside the female's shell, where they fertilize eggs in her body. The fertilized eggs develop into larvae (glochidia) and are stored for a time in the female's gills. When the glochidia mature, the female generally expels them into the water where they must attach as parasites to the gills or fins of fish. Larvae remain on the host fish for a period of weeks or months. Young mussels then detach from their host and drop to the bottom of the body of water. Hosts for this mussel include a few Iowa Department of Natural Resources www.iowadnr.gov.

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Freshwater Mussels of Iowa
FRESHWATER MUSSELS OF IOWA Cedar Valley Resource, Conservation & Development, Inc. Printed 2002 THE FRESHWATER MUSSELS OF IOWA This mussel information guide was produced through the efforts of the Iowa Mussel Team in cooperation with the following sponsors: Iowa Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Agency Cedar Valley Resource Conservation and Development mussel photos: Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign riparian photo: Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service life cycle diagram: Mississippi River, Lower St. Croix Team, Wisconsin Dept. Natural Resources cover photo: Mike Davis, Minnesota Dept. Natural Resources information compiled by Laurie Heidebrink review: Barb Gigar, Scott Gritters, and Tony Standera, Iowa DNR Cedar Valley R, C & D, Inc. 619 Beck Street, Charles City, IA 50616 641/257-1912 Equal Opportunity USDA prohibits deiscrimination in its programs on the basis of race, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or family status. USDA is an equal opportunity employer. Importance of Mussels This stable microhabitat is home to many Freshwater mussels may not be the first animal different species, all of which contribute to the that comes to mind when you think of Iowa’s river ecosystem. Algae growing on mussels are rivers, but they are very important to stream food for small fish and invertebrates, which are ecology and biodiversity. eaten by larger fish. Crayfish often convert mussel shells into a suitable home. Mussel beds They were an important food source for Native also provide spawning areas for many game fish. Americans, and still are for many animals–fish, turtles, mink, otters, and raccoons. Mussels also History of Mussels filter algae and other microscopic organisms Prior to the start of the 20th Century, mussel from the water; what they don’t digest is spit beds carpeted miles of river bottom from bank to back out as mucous plugs–a tasty meal for bank in some places.
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Population Structure of Selected Freshwater Mussel (Bivalvia: Unionoida) Beds in the Little River, Pond Creek National Wildlife Refuge – Phase I
Final Report U.S. Department of the Interior – Fish and Wildlife Service Arkansas Ecological Services Field Office POPULATION STRUCTURE OF SELECTED FRESHWATER MUSSEL (BIVALVIA: UNIONOIDA) BEDS IN THE LITTLE RIVER, POND CREEK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE – PHASE I Principal Investigator: Chris L. Davidson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Arkansas Ecological Services Field Office Conway, AR 72032 [email protected] April 11, 2017 INTRODUCTION The Little River in southeastern Oklahoma and southwestern Arkansas has a diverse mussel assemblage, including the federally protected Ouachita Rock Pocketbook (Arcidens wheeleri), Rabbitsfoot (Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica), Winged Mapleleaf (Quadrula fragosa), and Pink Mucket (Lampsilis abrupta). Several researchers over the past several decades have sampled mussels in much of the river (Ecosearch 1987; Harris and Gordon 1987; Galbraith et al. 2005, Vaughn 1994, 2012; Vaughn et al. 1995; Vaughn and Taylor 1999; Seagraves 2006; URS 2007; Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC) Mussel Database 2014; Galbraith and Vaughn 2011; Atkinson et al. 2012, 2014; Allen et al. 2013; Davidson et al. 2014). Mussel declines in the Little River largely have been attributed to impoundments (Vaughn and Taylor 1999; Galbraith and Vaughn 2011; Vaughn et al. 2015; Gates et al. 2015), drought (Atkinson et al. 2014; Vaughn et al. 2015), and degraded water quality from point source effluents (Ecosearch 1987). The factors limiting recruitment also include threats affecting their fish hosts (Haag and Warren 1997; Vaughn and Taylor 2000; Irmscher and Vaughn 2015). Freshwater mussel species richness and community composition are influenced by numerous variables affecting habitat (e.g., land use, land cover, hydrology, etc.) at differing spatial scales (e.g., local to catchment) (Atkinson et al.
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Oklahoma Digital Prairie
W 2800.7 F293 no. T-14-P-l 10/03-9/05 c.l OKLAHOMA o OCTOBER 1, 2003 through SEPTEMBER 30, 2005 This report summarizes the known species of freshwater mussels existing in Oklahoma. Included in each species account are: Current scientific name Photo of the species Synonymy of names for the species used in Oklahoma in the past Description of the species General distribution of the species Table of shell characters Oklahoma distribution map List of specimen locations in Oklahoma Comments Also included in the report are sections on: Anatomy and physiology of freshwater mussels Literature Mussel conservation Zoogeography Finally at the end of the report are included: Questionable and uncertain species that may occur in Oklahoma Exotic species Species list for major river systems in Oklahoma An expanded list ofunionid literature Glossary of terms Summarize historical and recent literature and collections with descriptions, distributions and photographs ofthe native and introduced freshwater mussels of Oklahoma. Oklahoma is host to approximately 57 species of native Unionid mussels, and several populations with uncertain taxonomic status. Native freshwater mussels are found throughout the state, but species richness declines from east to west across the state. The greatest diversity of mussels occurs in several southeastern rivers such as the - Kiamichi and Little Rivers. Oklahoma's mussels include many widespread species (e.g. Pyganodon grandis, Strophitus undulatus) but also several regionally endemic species restricted to the Ozark and/or Ouachita Highlands (e.g. Ptychobranchus occidentalis, Lampsilis rafinesqueana) or the Gulf Coastal Plain (e.g. Obovaria jacksoniana). Live specimens of at least one species, the Western Fanshell (Cyprogenia aberti), have not been collected in several decades suggesting that this species may be extirpated from Oklahoma.
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Freshwater Mollusks of the Middle Mississippi River
Freshwater mollusks of the middle Mississippi River Jeremy Tiemann Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 217-244-4594 [email protected] Prepared for Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Preservation Fund Grant Agreement Number 13-031W Project duration: 31 July 2012 – 31 December 2013 Illinois Natural History Survey Technical Report 2014 (03) 20 January 2014 Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign William Shilts, Executive Director Illinois Natural History Survey Brian D. Anderson, Director 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 217-333-6830 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - Freshwater mollusks of the middle Mississippi River Abstract ....................................................................................................................2 Introduction ..............................................................................................................2 Methods....................................................................................................................3 Results ......................................................................................................................3 Discussion ................................................................................................................4 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................6 Literature cited .........................................................................................................6
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Conservation Plan for the Black Sandshell and Butterfly Mussels (In Proposed Sediment Dredging Area, Upper Mississippi River, Pool 12, East Dubuque, Illinois)
Conservation Plan for the Black Sandshell and Butterfly Mussels (In Proposed Sediment Dredging Area, Upper Mississippi River, Pool 12, East Dubuque, Illinois) Ligumia recta (black sandshell) Ellipsaria lineolata (butterfly) Frentress Lake Marine Center East Dubuque, IL April 2014 Conservation Plan for the Black Sandshell and Butterfly Mussels (In Proposed Sediment Dredging Area, Upper Mississippi River, Pool 12, East Dubuque, Illinois) Prepared for: Illinois Department of Natural Resources Office of Resource Conservation Springfield, IL U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Rock Island Field Office Rock Island, IL U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System Savanna District Thomson, IL U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Ecological Services-Endangered Species Bloomington, MN Prepared by: Daniel Call Environmental Research & Information Analysts, LLC Dubuque, IA and Michael Malon Jo Daviess County Soil & Water Conservation District Elizabeth, IL April 2014 Cover photos: Live Ligumia recta from 2013 survey, and shell of Ellipsaria lineolata from Bob Schanzel’s reference collection. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES i LIST OF APPENDICES ii 1. DESCRIPTION OF IMPACT 1 A. Project Location 1 B. Biological Description of Affected Species 1 Black sandshell 1 Butterfly 3 C. Description of Activities 5 D. Explanation of Adverse Effects on Listed Species 6 2. IMPACT MINIMIZATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES 7 A. Plans to Minimize the Affected Area and Number Taken 7 B. Plans for Management of the Area Affected 8 C. Description of Measures Implemented to Minimize Effects 8 D. Plans for Monitoring Effects of Measures 9 E. Adaptive Management Practices to be Implemented 9 F. Verification of Funding and Support for Mitigation 9 3.
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Developing a Propagation Technique for Native Illinois River CWCP Mussels
Developing a Propagation Technique for Native Illinois River CWCP Mussels 4 Denim Perry¹, Tharran Hobson², Dan Sallee³, Tony Brady ¹ IL River Assistant Steward, The Nature Conservancy, Lewistown, IL ²IL River Restoration Manager, The Nature Conservancy, Lewistown, IL ³Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Sterling, IL 4United States Fish and Wildlife Service Grant/Project Number T-54-D-1 Acknowledgements A special thanks to Tharran Hobson (TNC), Dan Sallee (IDNR) and Tony Brady (USFWS) for experimental design, planning, participation, and expertise. IDNR staff contributors include Rob Hilsabeck, Larry Willis, Rich Lewis, Jim Walker and Dean Corgiat. TNC contributors include Sally McClure, Mark Jones, Dave Hedrick and K. Douglas Blodgett. Thank you to Nathan Eckert (USFWS) for technical expertise. An additional appreciation to Western Illinois University staff, Dr. Sean Jenkins, Dr. Susan Meiers and Dr. Larry O’Flaherty. Thank you to Iowa DNR staff that helped collect mussels. Abstract Propagation of rare mussel species has become a viable restoration tool in some areas of the upper Mississippi River Basin. Propagation has proven difficult in Illinois due to accumulation of sediment in propagation cages. The goal of this project was to develop a captive propagation and rearing technique for Ellipsaria lineolata using The Nature Conservancy’s wetland restoration sites . It was hoped that a successful propagation technique would become a critical tool used in species recovery on the Illinois River. Successful propagation of mussels relies on a number of factors including host fish survivability and productive mussel stockpiles. Transformer fitness is contingent on suitable site conditions, water quality parameters, and methodical care and placement of the animals.
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Alabama Charles Lydeard University of Alabama
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aquila Digital Community Gulf of Mexico Science Volume 17 Article 9 Number 2 Number 2 1999 Freshwater Mussels in the Gulf Region: Alabama Charles Lydeard University of Alabama Jeffrey T. Garner Alabama Game and Fish Division Paul Hartfield U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service James D. Williams U.S. Geological Survey DOI: 10.18785/goms.1702.09 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Lydeard, C., J. T. Garner, P. Hartfield and J. D. Williams. 1999. Freshwater Mussels in the Gulf Region: Alabama. Gulf of Mexico Science 17 (2). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol17/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lydeard et al.: Freshwater Mussels in the Gulf Region: Alabama SHORT PAPERS AND NOTES 125 focus on gaming a better understanding of been introduced into the waters of North Amer overall mussel genetics as well as examine the ica. All of these species compete with native problems or benefits of mixing gene pools that mussels for food and space. The Asiatic clam is have been isolated for less than a century. An well established in the southeastern United other potential problem that should be inves States. Though the Asiatic clam can reach den tigated is flooding populations with specimens sities of several hundred per square meter, na propagated from too few individuals.
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Volume 21 Number 1 April 2018
FRESHWATER MOLLUSK BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION THE JOURNAL OF THE FRESHWATER MOLLUSK CONSERVATION SOCIETY VOLUME 21 NUMBER 1 APRIL 2018 Pages 1-18 Pages 19-27 Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) A Survey of the Freshwater Mussels of Vietnam: Diversity, Distribution, and (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the Conservation Status Niangua River Basin, Missouri Van Tu Do, Le Quang Tuan, and Stephen E. McMurray, Joshua T. Arthur E. Boga Hundley, and J. Scott Faiman Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 21:1–18, 2018 Ó Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society 2018 REGULAR ARTICLE FRESHWATER MUSSELS (BIVALVIA: UNIONIDA) OF VIETNAM: DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION, AND CONSERVATION STATUS Van Tu Do1, Le Quang Tuan1, and Arthur E. Bogan2* 1 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam, [email protected]; [email protected] 2 North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA ABSTRACT Vietnam has the second highest diversity of freshwater mussels (Unionida) in Asia after China. The purpose of this paper is to compile an up-to-date list of the modern unionid fauna of Vietnam and its current conservation status. Unfortunately, there has been relatively little research on this fauna in Vietnam. Fifty-nine species of Unionida have been recorded from Vietnam based on literature, museum records, and our ﬁeldwork. Fifty were assessed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List 2016 in the IUCN categories of Critically Endangered (four species, 6.8%), Endangered (seven species, 12%), Vulnerable (one species, 1.7%), Near Threatened (two species, 3.4%), Least Concern (23 species, 39%), Data Deﬁcient (11 species, 18.6%), and Not Evaluated (11 species, 18.6%).
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Mussels Only)
MUSSEL CWCS SPECIES (46 SPECIES) Common name Scientific name Bleufer Potamilus purpuratus Butterfly Ellipsaria lineolata Catspaw Epioblasma obliquata obliquata Clubshell Pleurobema clava Cracking Pearlymussel Hemistena lata Creek Heelsplitter Lasmigona compressa Cumberland Bean Villosa trabalis Cumberland Elktoe Alasmidonta atropurpurea Cumberland Moccasinshell Medionidus conradicus Cumberland Papershell Anodontoides denigratus Cumberlandian Combshell Epioblasma brevidens Dromedary Pearlymussel Dromus dromas Elephantear Elliptio crassidens Elktoe Alasmidonta marginata Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria Fat Pocketbook Potamilus capax Fluted Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus subtentum Green Floater Lasmigona subviridis Kentucky Creekshell Villosa ortmanni Little Spectaclecase Villosa lienosa Littlewing Pearlymussel Pegias fabula Longsolid Fusconaia subrotunda Mountain Creekshell Villosa vanuxemensis vanuxemensis Northern Riffleshell Epioblasma torulosa rangiana Orangefoot Pimpleback Plethobasus cooperianus Oyster Mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis Pink Mucket Lampsilis abrupta Pocketbook Lampsilis ovata Purple Lilliput Toxolasma lividus Pyramid Pigtoe Pleurobema rubrum Rabbitsfoot Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis Ring Pink Obovaria retusa Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum Round Hickorynut Obovaria subrotunda Salamander Mussel Simpsonaias ambigua Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon Sheepnose Plethobasus cyphyus Slabside Pearlymussel Lexingtonia dolabelloides Slippershell Mussel Alasmidonta viridis Snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra Spectaclecase
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The Newsletter of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society
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ubmissions for the August 2005 issue of Ellipsaria may be sent in at any time but are due by July 15, 2005. Anyone may submit an article but you must be a member of FMCS to receive Ellipsaria. Categories for contributions include news, new publications, meeting announcements, current issues affecting mollusks, job postings, contributed articles (including ongoing research projects), abstracts, and society committee reports. Electronic submissions are preferred; please send submissions to the editor. Submissions to Ellipsaria are not peer reviewed, but are checked for content and general editing. Please send change of address information to the Secretary, Rita Villella. !*" $' #%%$$!!$!% % (&&) FMCS Reports: 2005 FMCS Symposium................2 2005 FMCS Elections....................2 News & Announcements..................4 Publications ......................................5 Contributed Articles .........................7 REALLY COOL RAFFLE PLANNED FOR SYMPOSIUM! Hoppy says "Everyone's a Winner" That's right! We're gonna do it again in St. Paul by bringing you an enjoyable night of painless fundraising to support student travel at the FMCS Auction/Raffle.
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A Revised List of the Freshwater Mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada
Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20:33–58, 2017 Ó Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society 2017 REGULAR ARTICLE A REVISED LIST OF THE FRESHWATER MUSSELS (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA: UNIONIDA) OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA James D. Williams1*, Arthur E. Bogan2, Robert S. Butler3,4,KevinS.Cummings5, Jeffrey T. Garner6,JohnL.Harris7,NathanA.Johnson8, and G. Thomas Watters9 1 Florida Museum of Natural History, Museum Road and Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 2 North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, MSC 1626, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 212 Mills Gap Road, Asheville, NC 28803 USA 4 Retired. 5 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820 USA 6 Alabama Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, 350 County Road 275, Florence, AL 35633 USA 7 Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 71753 USA 8 U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 7920 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA 9 Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212 USA ABSTRACT We present a revised list of freshwater mussels (order Unionida, families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) of the United States and Canada, incorporating changes in nomenclature and systematic taxonomy since publication of the most recent checklist in 1998. We recognize a total of 298 species in 55 genera in the families Margaritiferidae (one genus, ﬁve species) and Unionidae (54 genera, 293 species). We propose one change in the Margaritiferidae: the placement of the formerly monotypic genus Cumberlandia in the synonymy of Margaritifera. In the Unionidae, we recognize three new genera, elevate four genera from synonymy, and place three previously recognized genera in synonymy.
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Mussels of Minnesota Poster
FAMILY MARGARITIFERIDAE FAMILY UNIONIDAE, AMBLEMINI FAMILY UNIONIDAE, ANODONTINI CYLINDRICAL SPECTACLECASE FEN CREEK HEELSPLITTER SC CREEPER UN PAPERSHELL UN ELKTOE TH Cumberlandia monodonta EBONYSHELL EN THREERIDGE UN Lasmigona compressa Strophitus undulatus Anodontoides ferussacianus Alasmidonta marginata Reginaia ebenus Amblema plicata LAKE FLOATER Pyganodon lacustris FLUTEDSHELL TH SALAMANDER Lasmigona costata MUSSEL EN PAPER Simpsonaias PONDSHELL UN ambigua Utterbackia imbecillis FLAT WHITE FLOATER SC GIANT FLOATER UN ROCK POCKETBOOK EN HEELSPLITTER UN Utterbackiana suborbiculata Pyganodon grandis Arcidens confragosus Lasmigona complanata FAMILY UNIONIDAE, LAMPSILINI BLACK FAWNSFOOT TH SANDSHELL SC Truncilla donaciformis Ligumia recta BUTTERFLY TH FATMUCKET UN Ellipsaria lineolata Lampsilis siliquoidea FRAGILE PAPERSHELL UN “LET ME CLEAN A MUSSEL’S Leptodea fragilis YOUR WATER” AL-LURE —anonymous mussel Adult mussels can’t move long distances on The wabash their own, but their young can hitch a ride pigtoe mussel on a fish! Mussels begin life as larvae (an releases small DEERTOE UN immature life stage), and must attach to a fish capsules that resemble Truncilla truncata to develop and complete metamorphosis into appetizing worms. Each a juvenile mussel—somewhat like a caterpillar capsule has hundreds of HICKORYNUT UN turning into a butterfly. When they develop into larvae inside. Fish eat the Obovaria olivaria CANARY KINGSHELL juvenile mussels, they fall from the fish onto the capsules and some of the larvae Lampsilis sietmani streambed where they will grow into an adult. attach to the fish’s gills. Some mussels have specialized lures to attract Different types of mussels need specific HIGGINS EYE FEN fish. The plain pocketbook mussel has a special types of fish to develop.
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