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Conservation Plan for the Black Sandshell and Butterfly Mussels (In Proposed Sediment Dredging Area, Upper Mississippi River, Pool 12, East Dubuque, Illinois)

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Conservation Plan for the Black Sandshell and Butterfly Mussels (In Proposed Sediment Dredging Area, Upper Mississippi River, Pool 12, East Dubuque, Illinois) Conservation Plan for the Black Sandshell and Butterfly Mussels (In Proposed Sediment Dredging Area, Upper Mississippi River, Pool 12, East Dubuque, Illinois) Ligumia recta (black sandshell) Ellipsaria lineolata (butterfly) Frentress Lake Marine Center East Dubuque, IL April 2014 Conservation Plan for the Black Sandshell and Butterfly Mussels (In Proposed Sediment Dredging Area, Upper Mississippi River, Pool 12, East Dubuque, Illinois) Prepared for: Illinois Department of Natural Resources Office of Resource Conservation Springfield, IL U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Rock Island Field Office Rock Island, IL U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System Savanna District Thomson, IL U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Ecological Services-Endangered Species Bloomington, MN Prepared by: Daniel Call Environmental Research & Information Analysts, LLC Dubuque, IA and Michael Malon Jo Daviess County Soil & Water Conservation District Elizabeth, IL April 2014 Cover photos: Live Ligumia recta from 2013 survey, and shell of Ellipsaria lineolata from Bob Schanzel’s reference collection. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES i LIST OF APPENDICES ii 1. DESCRIPTION OF IMPACT 1 A. Project Location 1 B. Biological Description of Affected Species 1 Black sandshell 1 Butterfly 3 C. Description of Activities 5 D. Explanation of Adverse Effects on Listed Species 6 2. IMPACT MINIMIZATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES 7 A. Plans to Minimize the Affected Area and Number Taken 7 B. Plans for Management of the Area Affected 8 C. Description of Measures Implemented to Minimize Effects 8 D. Plans for Monitoring Effects of Measures 9 E. Adaptive Management Practices to be Implemented 9 F. Verification of Funding and Support for Mitigation 9 3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 10 4. DATA AND INFORMATION ON SURVIVAL OF THE THREATENED SPECIES IN THE EVENT OF INCIDENTAL TAKE 11 5. IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENT 13 A. Names and Signatures of Participants in the Execution of the Plan 13 B. Obligations and Responsibilities of Identified Participants 13 C. Assurance of Compliance with Regulating Authorities 14 D. Copies of Existing Authorizations 14 6. REFERENCES 15 7. APPENDICES 17 List of Figures Fig. 1. Location map 1 Fig. 2. Location map for Ligumia recta (black sandshell) in Illinios 2 Fig. 3. Location map for Ellipsaria lineolata (butterfly) in Illinois 4 Fig. 4. Proposed dredging area 6 Fig. 5. Location map of 2013 survey area depicting plots where State threatened mussels were collected 7 i List of Appendices Appendix 1. Copy of Illinois state collector’s permit for 2014. 17 Appendix 2. Copy of 2013 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service native endangered species recovery collector’s permit. [Note: A permit application for 2014 has been submitted.] 18 Appendix 3. Copy of 2013 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife & Fish Refuge Savanna District permit to conduct mussel survey. [Note: A permit for 2014 has been applied for.] 19 Appendix 4. Copy of Illinois Environmental Protection Agency water pollution control permit. 20 The following appendices are available electronically through the website provided below. Appendix 5. Call, D. J. and M. J. Malon. 2013. Mussel Community Survey in the Upper Mississippi River, Pool 12 (Frentress Lake Area). Final report to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 29 pp. Available at www.enviro- analysts.com under “Related Links” and “2013 Mussel Survey”. Appendix 6. Call, D. J. and M. J. Malon. 2013. Photo Addendum: 2013 Mussel Community Survey in the Upper Mississippi River, Pool 12 (Frentress Lake Area). 4 pp. Available at www.enviro-analysts.com under “Related Links” and “2013 Mussel Photo Addendum”. ii 1. DESCRIPTION OF IMPACT A. Project Location The proposed dredging project is located in Pool 12 of the Upper Mississippi River (River Mile 575.7-576.0), at the entrance to Frentress Lake (42.460807, -90.611248). The legal description for this area is Section 4, Township 28 North, Route 2West, 4th Principle Meridian. Figure 1. Location map of the project area. B. Biological Description of Affected Species Ligumia recta (Black Sandshell). The black sandshell mussel is listed as a state threatened species by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR; Illinois Endangered species Protection Board, 2011). This status indicates that the species has suffered serious population declines over time, and is likely to become a state endangered species in the foreseeable future. Consequently, efforts are under way by State and federal agencies, in cooperation with university biologists within the State, to maintain and improve the status of populations of this species in Illinois. In the case of the proposed dredging activity by FLMC, a conservation plan is herein presented with an application for an incidental take authorization (ITA) permit to minimize any adverse effects upon this species. 1 A review of the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) collection records for locations where L. recta has been collected show that it has been widely distributed throughout the rivers of the State (INHS, 2014). It is reported as being widely distributed but uncommon in the Midwest (INHS, 2014). Records for the INHS collection include specimens that have been collected in the Mississippi River off the following counties of western Illinois: Jo Daviess, Carroll, Whiteside, Rock Island, Mercer, Henderson, Hancock, Adams, Pike and Calhoun. Three records for Jo Daviess County are included in the overall record of the INHS, with specimens having been collected in 1985 (1) and 2001 (2). Specimens are also included in the INHS collection from adjacent Figure 2. Range of black sandshell (Ligumia recta) counties in Wisconsin and Iowa. in Illinois (INHS, April 2014). Specimens were added to the INHS collection from Grant County, WI, in 1995, 1996 and 2006. Dubuque County, IA, is directly across the Mississippi River from Jo Daviess County, IL. Specimens from Dubuque County were added to the INHS collection from individual mussels collected in 1999, 2009 and 2010. The collection also includes black sandshells collected from the Mississippi River in Clinton and Scott Counties, IA, which are downstream of Dubuque County and separated from Dubuque County by Jackson County. Clinton County has two specimens in the INHS collection, added in 1996 and 2006; while Scott County has one specimen from 1990. The intervening Jackson County, which is also directly west of Jo Daviess County, IL, did not have any representative specimens in the INHS collection. However, a mussel survey was conducted in 2000 in this county just below Lock and Dam 13 (RM 556 in the City of Bellevue, IA (Marangelo and Dunn, 2000). This location is approximately 20 miles downstream from the site of our mussel survey near RM 576, and on the Iowa side of the River. Of 389 mussels collected, 82 were live black sandshells, representing 21.1% of the mussel community. While the black sandshell was relatively abundant at the Bellevue location, it represented only 0.1 percent of the mussel community in a survey conducted in 1994-95 in the immediate vicinity of the Quad Cities, approximately 60 miles further downstream (Whitney et al. 1997). 2 The black sandshell has an elongate shell of up to 8 inches in length that is pointed at the posterior end in males, and saber-shaped in females (INHS, 2014). It has a smooth and shiny shell, with the exterior color commonly being black, dark green or dark brown. Rays are often visible, as well (MN DNR, 2014). The umbo is low, and only slightly elevated above the hinge line. The nacre is variable in color, being white, pink, salmon or purple, becoming iridescent posteriorly. The black sandshell prefers medium to large rivers or raceways with fairly swift current and substrates of gravel or firm sand (INHS, 2014). The life cycle of this species starts with fertilization of the eggs within the female’s body. This typically occurs in August (MN DNR, 2014). The embryos develop within the female for the better part of a full year (bradytictic development), having developed into glochidia larvae by the following July. At this time, they are ready to be released by the female onto the gills or fins of a suitable fish host species. Fish may be attracted to the specialized swollen white gill tissue that has developed (www.gpnc.org/mrepro.htm), as well as an undulating mantle flap with short tentacles. Fish species that are known to serve as hosts include the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), sauger (Stizostedion canadense) and white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) (MN DNR, 2014). In laboratory trials, glochidia have metamorphosed to the juvenile life stage on several other fish species, including the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), several other Lepomis species and members of the cyprinid family (Mulcrone, 2006). The glochidia continue to develop, living as parasites on the host fish until they metamorphose into juvenile mussels, which drop off of the fish to grow in the substrate of the river. There, they grow into adults, adding some growth each year. Neither the age to sexual maturity nor the longevity under normal healthy environmental conditions is well known. However, the age to sexual maturity may be assumed to be in the vicinity of 7-8 years, based on estimates for five other unionid species from Pool 15 (Whitney et al., 1997). Ellipsaria lineolata (Butterfly). The butterfly mussel is listed as a state threatened species by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR; Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board, 2011), indicating that this species has also suffered serious population declines over time, and is likely to become a state endangered species within the foreseeable future. Due to the limited numbers of extant viable populations of this species within the State, special precautions are taken by the IDNR to protect live individuals from harm, as well as to provide assistance in the re-establishment of populations in areas where they formerly existed.
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