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Wastewater Training Guide Wastewater Training Guide Our technology. Your success. Pumps n Valves n Service conquertheclog.com Our technology. Your success. Pumps n Valves n Service The New Wastewater Solve The Problem. Don’t Just Transfer It. More than ever before, flushable wipes and other debris are clogging pumps and systems in wastewater treatment applications. KSB has the solutions that will conquer the clog and keep the water flowing. Today’s wastewater requires new thinking KSB understands the dynamic challenges facing the industry, and KSB knows how to pump this new wastewater. Purpose of this guide This training guide is designed to arm you with clearly targeted, relevant information to help educate and inform you and your customers about KSB’s approach to wastewater. It demonstrates why KSB’s non-clogging, clean-flowing technology is far superior to the competition’s abrasive, energy-sucking, impeller-damaging method that simply transfers the problem downstream. KSB: Unique product portfolio designed for today’s challenges KSB’s German-engineered pumps have been specifically designed to solve the industry’s ever-changing challenges. Today’s next-generation KSB impellers have been proven to meet the challenging wastewater needs of the North American market. There are two cultural-behavioral drivers changing wastewater and challenging pump processes. 1. Reduced water use per capita 2. Increased flushables. The result: increased clogs, ragging and debris Wastewater Trends 21st Century Wastewater (Less Fluid, More Solids, More Disposables) U.S. Water Usage 1980 2005 2010 Total Water Use 440 bgd 410 bgd 350 bgd ( billion gallons per day - bgd) Per Capita Water Use 1,800 gallons 1,300 gallons 1,100 gallons ( gallons per capita per day) per day per day per day Source: 2015 report from the U.S. Geological Survey and the Pacific Institute Use of wipes and disposables As consumers seek convenience and cleanliness in a quick-and-easy “disposable society,” more people are using wipes today than ever before. Flushable and personal care wipes have seen consistent growth worldwide over the past decade with no signs of a slowdown. Source: Euromonitor International Conquer the Clog 3 Our technology. Your success. Pumps n Valves n Service A Brief History Wastewater Treatment In The USA Despite water’s natural ability to cleanse itself over time, the ever-growing U.S. population has become so concentrated that high-quality treatment is imperative. In the 19th century, outbreaks of life-threatening diseases were traced to bacteria in polluted water. Since that time, the practice of wastewater collection and treatment has been developed and perfected, using some of the most technically sound biological, physical, chemical, and mechanical techniques available. 1800s – Awareness & Response U.S. population grew from 5 million to 75 million Pit privies and open ditches were replaced by buried sewers The sewered population jumps from 1 million in 1860 to 25 million by 1900 Simple treatment begins (now called “primary” treatment) 1886 – Standards for discharge loading and treatment were developed at a Lawrence, Mass., experiment station 1887 – First biological treatment, an intermittent sand filter, was installed in Medford, Mass. 1899 – First federal regulation of sewage: Rivers and Harbors Appropriations (“Refuse Act”) 1900s – Technology & Regulation Early 1900s, 1 million people served by 60 “Solids Removal” treatment plants 1901 – First trickling filter operated in Madison, Wis. 1909 – First Imhoff tank for solids settling 1914 – First liquid chlorination process for effluent disinfection 1916 – First activated sludge plant was built in San Marcos, Texas 1944 – Streeter Phelps created the DO (dissolved oxygen) sag curve model to predict assimilation capacity 1948 – Federal Water Pollution Control Act, leading to water quality surveys and swift construction of treatment plants Sketch of Wall, Broad and Nassau Street sewer system, N.Y. 1885 1960 – 50% of U.S. population had access to some form of wastewater treatment 1966, 1977 – Clean Water Restoration Act and Clean Water Act extended federal grants for plant construction Constructing Milwaukee’s sewer system in the 1920s Defining Wastewater Wastewater Treatment Wastewater treatment refers to the physical, chemical, 21st Century Concerns and biological processes used to remove pollutants from Aging Infrastructure wastewater before discharging it into a body of water. Since the Clean Water Act issued in 1972, there are now Management of Capital Expenses more than 16,000 publicly owned wastewater treatment Managing Operational Costs plants (POWTs) in operation in the United States. Funding/Availability of Capital Increasing/Expanding Regulations Approximately 255,000 million gallons per day (mgd) Technology Changes of industrial wastewater—treated by chemical, physical, Treatment Technologies and biological processes—are discharged daily into U.S. Aging Workforce waterways. Industries commonly reuse wastewater and process water as its availability becomes scarce. Water Scarcity Source: Water Environment Federation (www.wef.org) Water Loss Source: Black & Veatch The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the U.S. governing water pollution. Its objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters by preventing pollution, providing assistance to publicly owned wastewater treatment plants (POWTs) for the improve- ment of wastewater treatment, and maintaining the integrity of wetlands. It is one of the country’s first and most influential modern environmental laws. As with several other major U.S. federal environmental statutes, it is administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in coordination with state governments. Conquer the Clog 5 Our technology. Your success. Pumps n Valves n Service Wastewater 101 What happens in a wastewater treatment plant is essentially the same as what occurs naturally in a lake or stream. The function of a wastewater treatment plant is to speed the process by which water cleanses (purifies) itself. A treatment plant uses a series of treatment stages (primary and secondary) to clean the water so that it may be safely released into a lake, river, or stream. The Wastewater Treatment Process Primary treatment removes about 60% of suspended solids from wastewater. This treatment also involves aerating (stirring up) the wastewater to replace lost oxygen. Secondary treatment removes more than 90% of suspended solids. PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY COLLECTION PRIMARY PUMPING STATIONS CLARIFICATION CLARIFICATION (where many clogs first occur) SAND & GRIT AERATION REMOVAL DISINFECTION COARSE DEBRIS NUTRIENT SCREEN CI-CI REMOVAL LIQUID WASTEWATER LIQUID SOLIDS SLUDGE SLUDGE EFFLUENT Chlorine (CI2) or Ultraviolet Light (UV) ACTIVATED SLUDGE SLUDGE DIGESTERS 1Adapted from Arkansas Watershed Advisory Group Solids Separation To prevent clogging, it is critical that solids contained in raw sewage and stormwater be removed early in the process. Modern plants typically begin this process at the Headworks, where raw sewage collection takes place. Pumps at collection stations are subject to some of the toughest duty. This is where many clogs can occur if equipment is not matched to the conditions. Some plants use grinder mechanisms upstream of the pump to help reduce the size of debris. Still, stringy, fibrous materials easily pass grinders and can create havoc within the pump and filtration systems resulting in clogs and ragging. Significant Industry Concerns And Issues “What keeps you up at night?” Market Drivers Most Significant Barriers Environmental Policy To Technological Innovation In recent years, houses have begun to encroach % Technology is not proven/ on both sewage pump stations and treatment 55.0 lacks business case support plants. Therefore, environmental issues such as overflows are important. More importantly, 44.5% Inadequate/budget today there is a big push for manufacturers to reduce their carbon footprint. The aim is for a cleaner, safer, 26.3% Incorporation of technology with other processes and more sustainable environment. % Efficiency 25.8 Lack of knowledge/information Pumps and other equipment must be compliant % Will not be compatible with other technologies with energy codes, meet high energy saving 25.5 requirements, and overall efficiency standards 23.5% Lack of leadership support Safety Includes environmental and work hazards. For 20.0% Insufficient understanding of how to optimize example, pulling a clogged pump exposes workers to a number of potential health threats. 11.3 % Not part of our strategic planning Reliability 11.0% Staff not competent to integrate/use Equipment must be reliable and not prone to blockage, nuisance breakdowns, and wear. Source: Black & Veatch Poor reliability results in higher Opex (Operating Expenditure). Most Significant Climate Issue Most Significant Sustainability Issues Source: Black & Veatch Survey Top Concerns Amongst Users 53.2% Maintaining or expanding asset life 31.8% Customer water rates 31.3% Long-term financial viability 27.1% Energy efficiency 4.5% 24.4% Water conservation demand management Sea Level Protecting Assets 21.9% Maintaining service with declining budget Rise From Natural Distasters 20.9% Declining consumption % 18.4% Reducing sanitary sewer overflows 15.7% Distribution system water loss 63.6 11.2% Energy recovery/generation Water Supply/ Water Scarcity % 10.9% Climate change 9.1 Source: Black & Veatch Survey Stormwater Management Conquer
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