F O R EST AN D CHAOE

M AL E N V R ,

I T S A N C I E N T 85 P R E S E N T S T A T E ;

WITH NOTICES OF THE MOST

R EM AR K AB L E O L D T R EE S

REMAINING WITHIN ITS CONFINES .

BY ED I LEES W N ,

F ellow of tin Botanical Soc iety of Edinburgh, Jae.

' ’ - r MALVERN ononsrnnsnmn NA T VICE PRESIDENT o m 8c W TUBALIB S Cu ms.

WORCESTER

P E AT THE HERALD OFF CE 2 H GH- S REE RINT D I , 7 , I T T.

1877.

FOREST AND CHACE OF MALVERN, "

WITH NOTICE"“

THE MOST REMARKABLE OLD TREES

BY EDWIN LEES, EL S

But now l turn

1m m.

Ot tu teleu order. with the banh of earth.

” To tame its d luxurlance.

Change has passed upon the c ountry onc e designated as " ' Malvem Chace since its disafiorestation in the reign of ” r s 1st w n s s of n r Cha le the , he the bea t ve e y strayed over its

n n s oods and w n n i urin u e clo ed w , he the e ghbo g occupiers of land were compelled under the forest laws to submit to the visitations of stray deer without daring to preven t their tr s sses and our si in n e pa , a C t tt g at Ha ley had j urisdicti on over “ 01 ma s n to th haos hil 1 tter appertaini g e C , w e the Chief Forester" D r 2 m FOREST AN om en o m vnm . axe was at times brought down upon the n eck of any unfor , tun ate marauder who could n ot show good cause for bein g

f s i But a mos foun d within the sacred pale o the a d Chace . l t to the close of the last cen tury the Chaos was a great unen

osed ste for in m mor of men n but few rs c l wa , the e y livi g a yea s n rson ou r n on orse a from r i ce, a pe c ld have idde h b ck G eat M alvem to the top of Bredon Hill an d foun d n o impedimen t to his ours s on ss of rn an d c e ave ly, the pa age the Seve , that c ould be crossed at Upton B ridge . It is scarc ely possible to form an adequate idea of the appearance of the Forest of Malvem in the early times prior

to the orm n Con u s but er o mon k s N a q e t, at that p i d the i h

ron r m of m s ur m n t on s as w r ch icle , Willia Mal e b y, e i it a ilde

" Pr v ou n ess thick set with trees. e i s to that time the whole coun try from the bills to the Severn must have been a waste

r fit on for r of o s* an d o r s n m ls t act, ly the lai w lve the avage a i a ;

an d in s n ot o r r s or un r ood r place c ve ed by t ee de w , except whe e a few bare emin en ces like the Wold Hills con trasted with the

oom for s s en was mars n s diffi u t gl y e t c e, a flat hy expa e with c l y

‘ or b an d n rous n of mm asur expl able y day, a da ge exte t i e able

o m t n h s r of an o gl o a ight . T i t act l d west f the Severn was

n u in the oun tr of the ur s but was ro l i cl ded c y Sil e , it p bab y

on s te on huntin for s for no r es n ly vi i d g ay , t ac have bee

dis o r of an rm n n o u on and s r e si e c ve ed y pe a e t cc pati , ca c ly a ngl

r s m men has en an r x um n or are B iti h i ple t be ywhe e e h ed, memorial ston es or sepulchral barrows to be foun d " Very

the 1 th ear of the rei of Henr t ree s lin w In 3 y y II. h hil gs as ordered to he paid to the hunter in Worc esters ire who c aught the wolves in the Forest ; and the

sai un ter or his suc cessor had similar orders in his a our for wolf- illin 1 t d h f v k g, 7 h

and 27th ears of Henr . and in the 5th ear of the rei n of Kin y y II , y g g John . See

W vol. 1 1 0. But as late as the i N ash Hist. or est . 3 re n of war w l , c , , p g Ed d I. o ves were numerous in the orests of Worc esters ire and the a ac ent c unties for e er f h dj o , P t Cor et was irec te a s ecial man ate of t t mo r b d d by p d ha na ch to. supenntend and ass“;

in the destruction of them. At Pendoc lr are traces of a dyke that extended acres- the c ountry towards Corse Lawn ore Dra Celtic —a oun ar ro a l to ri (C m, b d y b b y B tish tribes. Exc e t a " p bronze c elt foun at reat l ern more t an psit a c entur a o an d G Ma v h y g , d a c urious c up ‘ of rude earthenware disc overed buried with burned human bones on the s t of i he ire Beac onr nothing has been hitherto ' mee with la the ‘ to mark the oc cupation nf man in pre historic times. m m r m m or m m

few e ti n m s r m n in the is ri and C l c a e e ai d t ct, with the ex c ep

tion o f rn an d r s Pen o all n m o Malve , pe hap d ck, the a es f

r s s are n of on ori or d pa i he evide tly Sax gin . N di the Romans mark their presence visibly in the flat coun try between the

al rn s and rn for n M ve Hill the Seve , o decided Roman road

ross s n or an m r c e the Chace, have y Ro an emain s (a few coins

ex e n found in n r n w r cept d) bee it except ea Upto , he e there

se ms to n m or s on r a on r e have bee a Ca p, ec da y St ti , p obably to guard the ford across the Severn ; and an other Roman or

r r u i r m is at m se four mil s l athe a x lia y Ca p ex ted Ke p y, e be ow

or s r but is was on t rn n of ri r W ce te , th the eas e ba k the ve . The Saxons do not appe ar to have en tirely conquered the c ountry between the Severn an d the Wye before the reign of

At s n and r did mu mor n di e th hel ta , whethe they ch e tha vid e

n r s o n r om r n Chac e i to pa ishe d es ot clearly appea . S e g a ts

of n r ro m on in s and E r the la d we e p bably ade by Sax k g , dwa d Confessor exercised that right ; but the greater part of the

h mus n un ro r and as for s roun C ace t have bee app p iated, e t g d

r u on the orm n so r ns was therefo e seized p by N a ve eig .

s n tion n or s and is h t the The di ti c betwee a F e t a Chace , t a

rm was o al ro r but r oul d fo er R y p pe ty, the latte c d be hel by

anner llu in to rmi a r in w rd a subject. T , a d g the he t ge he e Ed a ’ “ f or s r n s s was in or s an d the C on ess eig , ay it the wild F e t ; the hills an d the coun try all aroun d their bases for many

rn ss and is so l miles was gen erally termed a wilde e , ca led by

' ' - o n on mon r s illiam of Malmesbmy . T what exte t the Sax a ch c laimed this tract of coun try does n ot clearly appear ; but un der William the Conqueror it was con sidered and held to be

r r an o on inu i it was r n d Ed r Royal p ope ty, d s c t ed t ll g a te by wa d

G er ar r of lou s r ommon the First to ilb t de Cl e, Ea l G ce te , c ly ’ ni o his m rri n dAc res the c alled the Red K ght, n a age with Jea ,

’ or in to e n l no su ec t Kin g s daughter. Acc d g legal t ch ica ity, bj m the name was altered to c ould own a Forest, and there H s haos el nd who ro e em . n r V I. a s that of C . L a , w t t p e y II , y The Chace of Malveme is bigger than either Wire or

kin ham and o u i r rt of Malveme il s. Fec g , cc p eth a g eat pa H l Great Malveme and Little Malvem e also is set in the Chace

Mal em e as I r sa is in n h in of Malvem e . v Chace ( hea y) le gt some places twen ty miles ; but Malvem e Chace doeth not

r ut ors s r as occupy all Malveme Hills. Othe a h de c ibe it ex tendin g from the river Teme in the n orth to Cors Forest

ors n in sou and from ri r ern (now C e Law ) the th, the ve Sev * i l st on the east to the top of Malvern Hill westward. Th s a boundary was so in determin ate that the Bishops of Hereford

ho oss ss n s t on and o and who im d w p e ed la d at Ma h C lwall , cla e the western side of the bills for their hun ting groun d to the

m of ri r d s u w t ot n sum it the dge, had a g eat i p te i h the p e t Red

is s was on nded b r n n du Earl, which it aid ly e y a t e ch bei g g

° alon g the crest of the hill to divide the possessions of the

n s s r n s r m in s r rl m r d on disputa t . Thi t e ch till e a ve y clea y a ke

In c ertain depositions b virtue of a Commission taken at Hanley Hall on the

th une 3zud of ueen izabeth e ore Sir o n ussell Knt. and ot ers 18 J , Q , b f J h R , h , ’ in or e oun ari h and whic h are printed Nash s W cestershire, th b d es of t e Chac e as t us a Henr in e ose B prac tic ally un derstood h ppear. y D gley d p d that, e being one of the ri ers of the sai C ac e did ri e in c irc uit rom a c ross c alle the Cross in d d h , d f d ' - d n the l tl unto th fl North en Gree , in manor of Han ey Cas e, e Cli y Wood, near Severn si e t ereon rom t enc e to Ei teen ol ers in owic t enc e unto d h , f h gh h d P k, h '

ns or ri e so to the Lin . And the ee er of the sai woo c alle the Clifl Bra f d B dg , k k p d d d y wi n r to the w Wood, did ride then th this depone t and othe s un She stone. He did also ride from a plac e c alled the Sweet Oaks unto Welland parish ; so by Castle t n o n s w Morton , he t Birc h Morto , to divers house , to the Berro and Keysend then w to Oxbrummel ool. All hic h parishes with others are in the prec inc ts of the P ” of al ern o n rown of al rn a u m a in Chac e M v . J h B e, M ve M g s, yeo an, ged 74, be g e h now sworn, deposed that h ad k n the Chac e of Malvern these sixty years. This nt t an ml h n de ne sai h, that these parishes d ha ets ave bee and are always re ted — i n r in of th viz . to within the libert es a d p ec c ts e Chac e , Castle Morton, orton the Barrow roms errow al ern arva al ern Ma us art of Li h M , , B b , M v P , M v g , p c alle Hawsell at on and Callow wit in the c ount of Here or are li as d ; M h , h y d ke ” f t n the sai r inct t is ra er c uri u t a H l Powi and wi hi d p ec . I th o s h t an ey , ck, Longdon.

c ertainl wit in the limits of the Chaos as well as Wellan are ere le t out. y h d, h f us le and Pen oc seem ne er to a e een inc lu e strictl in the ac e ein B h y d k v h v b d d y Ch , b g n ent ‘‘ nts elon in he in a i f probably a ci b g g to the c hurc h. T h b tants o Hanley seem c uIi rivile e n to have had pe ar g s, as in a Memora dum of the anc ient liberties, ” c ustoms are of the rdsbi and ranc ise of Han le ven Nas rom a . , f h d y , by h f the osse sion of the hmere amil i sai he nants and . in s c t is tem t te MS p f y, d inhabitants of Handley may c ommon with their c attle from a c ertain plac e c alled the of Bridge and Bran county of Worc ester. going run rc nrsr m on s r v e o m m . 5

il s in sev ral s and is r i ul r the h l e place , pa t c a ly evident on the

r e t rs r Wo c s e hi e Beacon . There is some confusion in writers on the history of the

of al rn as to o s on on r n h Chace M ve , the cca i which this t e c was m ou it was r m n as ou r n ade, th gh clea ly ea t a b nda y li e .

m rs o n r sum from Dr. s s es the Cha be (c pyi g I p e e Na h) tat , that ditch was made to dividethe p ossessions of the Bishop of

Here ord f om and to m th o n r e tw ou s. f the Chace, li it c tie

s ou o ous r to orr but Dr. om Thi w ld bvi ly appea be c ect ; Th as, w os rs on of m t er n fur r on s s h e ve i the a t I have give the , ay that the tren ch had been made to the damage of the CHURCH or ” WO CESTE and n the on ro rs on su c R R, he ce c t ve y the. bje t

‘ n n fr i r * be twee the Red Earl a d Bishop God ey G fia d.

Dr. om s r sum on o um n r n ro Th a , I p e e d c e ta y evide ce, p ceeds to give his accoun t of the transaction as follows On the

v e of Da 1289 - 90 r was ou e the Lady y , , the e a C rt held by

in n m an d n uir s m rou ou the K g at Fecke ha , e q ie ade th gh t the who oun who t ns r ss in un n in or s le c ty, had ra g e ed h ti g that F e t,

here a ear to a e een istinc t is utes etween ho T pp s h v b d d p b T mas de Cantilupe, ‘ is o of Here or an d Earl de Clare and o re Giflard is o of Worc ester B h p f d, , G df y , B h p , t di t and the same earl. The firs spu e c ommenc ed in 1278, and seems to have been li te for some ears t is was as to the oun ar of the C ac e westw tiga d y h b d y h ard, and it n ritannia t at u es were a ointe view l is stated i Magna B h j dg pp d to the ands in debate, h ut e s no h w who held a Court in t e Chac e, b th re i ac c ount o they determined the m c om romise was ro a l a ree to for ac c ordiri matter. So e p g d , to Dr. Thomas, ” h mira le itc so landep arious writers was orme‘g t e a AD . 128 as a d b d h, bby vb y , f 7 ’ n w boundary to Earl Gilbert s possessio s, y et Col all and Mathon remained as mem f al ern wit rivile es for the c ommoners and in a itan bers o M v Chac e h p g h b ts. At first ‘ si t it oes not a ear w at in ur the t itc c oul do to Go fre Giflard gh d pp h j y d h d d y , o nl h had n at o in h Bishop of W rc ester, u ess e In in M h n, y et t e Latin c harter h in th n of c om l p rinted by Dr. Thomas rom t e orig al, e grou d p aint is thus stated “ f videlic et de uno fossato levato per n os c omitem et Johannam in summitate montis i i i n dam Malveme, m tcrrom diot ep sc op , ad ocumentum ct p num eiusdc m ” i as wi in th i of Wo ep sc op i . T e trenc h w on land th e d ocese rc ester, and the trenc h ’ o li w had been made evidently without the Bish p s c enc e, hic h in those superstition i b ne e r and so e nomina ri t c laim times m ght e c onsidered c ssa y, m l gh ed by the u c tilious re w b t us i es u for two uc s and two does as an ann p n p late, hic h e h g v p b k ual ” ac knowledgment Dedimus etiam et c onc essimus both for the prior and c hurc h f W t c o s t ribus nostris omnes terras et tenemen o orc es er, t pro n bi e suc c esso , t: c um juribus et pertenentiis suis que ex tra foesatum tllud ct eidcm fossato contigua i ati c omi c t c omitisse et h versus c omitat u m Hereford habu mus, p ref s ti , eredibus c t assi n atis suis et omn ino de c etero uietum c lamamus eisdem ro no is et g ; q , p b sso i ri t c a tulo ad ec c lesia nostra W orniensi suc c e r bus nostris, et p ors e pi , yg in ” ’ is o l in was tuum. So at last the ditc h with the B h p s b ess g permitted to rest and the haun c bes of venison no doubt duly appeare d at the episc opal

while the Chac e existed and lts deer remained. e a ran som e s un ensc r or m vm :

and man re m r son and o rs r n d y we i p i ed, the that we e i icted for the same foun d six sureties for their appearan ce before the

n Wodestoke on n on s of r to r hi Ki g at the e Ap il, hea s sen ten ce

m r or u em n an d us r was n o ot r u of e cy j dg e t, beca e the e he eq ity

’ ’ in s the s o s of or s r r m on but the K g will, Bi h p ( W ce te ) ede pti

' as x five un r m r s an d Pr or s two w ta ed at h d ed a k , the i at

’ ou s m o fr ff r c o hun dred . Ab t thi ti e he (G d ey Gi a d) had a n

rovers r r r of ou s r an d n t y with Gilbe t de Cla e, Ea l Gl ce te , Jea " * his f &c . wi e, The Bishops of Norman times appear to have taken as

' much interest in hun tin g afiairs as the Baron s ; for the

s o of or s r ma m to n t in s or s Bi h p W ce te de a clai la d wi h thi F e t,

and in 8ih r of r o n Constan tiis n the yea Richa d I J h de , the

is o had r ran him to assart' in his own woo B h p, libe ty g ted l d

in the or s ofMalvem e n r to of n t n hree F e t , ea the Mill We la d, t

n f r hun dred acres of la d o the use of the Church of St. Mary

r s r to o to hi m an d his su ssors for r an d at Wo ce te , h ld cce eve , t o do herewith what they would free from all exactions of

dis u nsu n the Foresters. The p te that e ed betwee the then

s o of or s r o fr ff r an d rl as Bi h p W ce te (G d ey Gi a d) the Ea ,

t o form ion of r dit for u to was the at the g eat ch be e all ded ,

n ft r on on n on b m di on of o er e ded a e l g c te ti , y the e ati R b t

urn el s o of t an d s and was r B , Bi h p Ba h Well , it ag eed that the Earl an d his Coun tess should pay yearly to the Bishop an d his successors a brace of bucks an d a brace of

r er - Su v. W ec at. Cath 4to, pp. 148 9 .

To assart rom the old renc wor assorter to ru u was a curious custom (f F h d g b p), of allowin the Churc h and c ertain favoured individuals the privile e of c ultivating i hi the or a ol in portions 0 land w t n F est, nd h d g them for a time wit out paying any he asso r th re l rent for the same. T rter afte e t es on the land al oted him had been wn ru e u the stum s and ma e the lan ara le as l n i was worth c ut do , g bb d p p , d d b o g as t wit out the a lic ation of manure A ter t a it was a one and c ultivating h pp . f h t band d me orest lan a ain and ot er un is m le t to ec o ro was assarte . a f b F d g . h g d d Th y ac count for trac es of the plough where the ground has been un disturbed in the resume t at some of the w o n nt f memory of man . I p h parties h obtai ed a gra o o the Ch on som Assert on the edge f ac e, e pretenc e or other not onl assort ed it , but never let it t within the Forest pale for in some late sa es by auc tion “ v r the ssa t .ef estates about e n term A r uds is introduced as distinguishing THE M T AI D (MACR O"m m 1;

l s out of ce of al rn his Pal c e of Kemsc c o e the Cha M ve , at a y an d in the vacancy of the see the same to be paid to the Prior

an d on en of or s r m nd n m b r orn C v t W ce te , de a i g the y thei att ey

at s of n r m n was ft r r s c on the Ca tle Ha ley, which ag ee e t a e wa d

firm n w r I . or m in 19 r of ed by Ki g Ed a d , at N ha , the th yea

r n hi s is u t s o o fr Giifardf o rri his eig . T d p e with Bi h p G d ey c c u ng

w t r was ft r m n of f mous r n h i h the Red Ea l, a e the aki g the a t e c

on l and n Dr. omas in his nt u ti s of the hi l, i deed Th , A iq i e ” r rn Pr or s n sa s r nc was G eat Malve i y, di ti ctly y that the t e h

ma r r of ouc es r c us sts of the de by Gilbe t Ea l Gl te , be a e the bea

oo e r fr u n ross bills from or st r w d (d e , eq e tly c ed the W ce e

sh r n o r for s r an d not r urn . ur r on he i e i t He e d hi e, did et 1 F the

o n om s de n u states that a dispu te ar se betwee Th a Ca tel pe,

s o of r for an d r l r an d his son om s as Bi h p He e d, Ea l Gi be t Th a , t o the rights of the former in respect to the limits of his Chaos ; an d then he states the trench was made as a boun dary

r If h r n as ori nal no between thei possession s. t e t e ch w gi ly

d r n is n ow ou n of i l use e eepe tha it , it c ld have bee l tt e exc pt

as n om n oun r un ss l n was su r . But a i al b da y, le pa i g pe added

h ha r n in his s r t e documen ts that Dr. Nash s p i ted Hi to y of

or s rs r un r n s le s o t e re was W ce te hi e, de Ha ley Ca t , h w hat th a

W ate r m to the i o and his C r Dr om i e a a e s u c as . as uts t h v d g B h p h h, Th p . the proc eedings of Earl Gilbert de Clare as to his famous trenc h or othem se was '

li l to a the c om nsation ma as solatiu m w li i iz . ke y h ve eflec ted, pe de a as terally th s, v , t at th is o an d his suc c essors s oul a two oo uc m or h e B h p h d h ve g d b ks, te p e ” ’ in uedin is n he Eve of the sum ion and two oo s tern one p g , o t As pt , g d doe , p m m E o f he o al rn arl the fw issionis, on Christ as ve, ut o t Chac e f M ve , y e y at ’ i h l er n B shop s manor of Kempsey, by t e de iv y of the Earl a d Countess, and for h want of pa ment the same to be doubled toties quoties, and distress taken of t e goods of tye said Earl ; the same in the vac an c y of the see to be delivered to t th the Prior and Conven t of Worc ester, upon demand made by their attorn ey a e ’ l of n be li hi n l t ere . Suc h gate of the Earls Cast e Ha ley, to de vered by s c o stab e h ' was the ertinac ity with whic h God rey Giflard insisted upon his presumed ri hts f — g and the pormality with whic h c ompensation was alloted to him See the original ’ n An ti . Lati Chart er in Dr . Thomas s q P rior . M aj . M ain , 10. 159 .

relate as r i u of hi ri and resse t em to th 1 This p w ve y tenac o s s assumed ghts, p d h e utm fo r illiam eauc am ost, r D . Nash mentions that he had a dispute with W B h p; Earl of W wi Hist W est r c k h i N ash . orc . , as to t e Warren on Bredon Hll. See , ,

vol l p . lg0.

uia ti s n f I Q bes se y lva transeuntes termines Hereforde ses requmter ibant. et v h non re erte antur, Gilbertus c omes Glouc estrim super Malvernia montes fossatum a m m r asn macs or m vm .

c h mus x is r or to th l c shire dit , which t have e ted p i e G ou ester ditc h ; an d the latter could have exten ded n o farther along

s n oun r s of o ll r s o s of the hill tha the b da ie C lwa , whe e the Bi h p

r for had oun r r s n r s of c r m n . He e d a c t y e ide ce, elic whi h yet e ai Indeed it seems most likely that the formation of the ditch with its palisades by the Red Earl stoppin g the deer from

r n in o r for s r was r n the s or - o in st ayi g t He e d hi e, the g ieva ce p t l v g

r of see of r for om in of. is ow r p elate the He e d c pla ed It , h eve , rather curious that by a regulation made by the Law - day

‘ an d our of n t r o n 23 rd of June in C t Ha ley, he e h lde the day , “ h Blst of n r . it was or r n on of t e He y VIII , de ed that e the inhabitan ts of Coldwall or Mathon do from hen c eforth staff- drive any kind of their cattle in to the Chaos further than

- f l m on n 0 s he shir di r o d ust of s llin . t e tch, a te the c o , pai 2 hi g An d that none of the said inhabitan ts do cross any of the

os - oo ro n on s s o s - di o r the cha w d g wi g thi ide f the hire tch, ve l n m n of 0 li ms re u o s n . s hil , p pay e t 2 hil gs Thi see like a vival of the old di spute between the Red Earl an d the Bishop " of r for an d su s s a his h r - an d the He e d, gge t th t t s i e ditch tr n a ft r r of e ch c lled a e the Ea l Gloucester were iden tical. Possibly the Earl only widened and deepen ed the old shire “ i so as m n sa s was d tch that, Ca de y , it still to be seen with

admiration .

na r an who was r n s to e r Regi ld B i , t a lated the s e of Worceste in 13 52 rs to n r n s or sm n an d , appea have bee a ve y kee p t a ,

n un likely e ough h ted in the Chaos of Malvern . In an extant ' " S. s of hi r o M epi tle s add essed t the Bishop of St . D avid s" he reminds his brother prelate of a promise which he had m to s n him six rac e of n t un n o th ade e d b excelle b ti g d gs, e best (the reveren d sportsman confesses) that he had ever

en of s n vin rm ss on s o of se ; the e, Regi ald, by di e pe i i Bi h p

or s r s s a n in n ous c ir ec W ce te , ay , th t he had bee daily a xi p ta tion ; and he declares that his heart languished for their

’ “ Quoted in Daniels Bu d apest-mew . ‘ n m s ou r asn m or o m vm . 9

' v m m n n s r r . Let o r e end arri al the c e, the , he e t eat , O ev f r it ou a m oo s re - o mus of athe , w h t del y ; let y w d ech with the ic their c ry an d the cheerful n otes of the horn ; and let the walls i ” of my palac e be decorated with the troph es of the c hase.

e n ri n was o s or sm n an d r s n ot Truly R gi ald B a a j lly p t a , pe hap the worse ecclesiastic as customs and recreation s then pre

nf r or r of t os r s o d veiled. The i e i cle gy h e days pe hap l ve hun n as as s o s for of P r m n in ti g well the Bi h p , by Act a lia e t the r n of i r r s s or r s w os n fi s eig R cha d IL, all p ie t cle k , h e be e ce are not of r u of ten oun s are ro t from the yea ly val e p d , p hibi ed kee n an r oun or o r do for un in or usin pi g y g eyh d the g h t g, g en in s for s ro in r r s or ot r m un r n g e de t y g dee , ha e , he ga e, de pai

' r n n of a year s imp iso me t.

rn its u r s an d ust ms n Malve Chace had pec lia law c o , eve ” r m ro r of su and or st rs afte it beca e the p pe ty a bject, the F e e had v r onsi r o r t n its m ts n in n e y c de able p we wi hi li i , exte d g eve

is s in to j udicial fun ctions. It tated documen ts given in the

' n i to or s s in N s s or s rs r the appe d x the F e t , a h W ce te hi e, that Foresters only had authority to arrest every felon for felony “ ” d mur r foun h n sai Chaos and r to an de d wit i the d , they we e

r n him fore f or s r who hold of f b i g be the chie F e te , the chie lord in fee by a certain ren t of an axe an d an horn ; and he had power to sit in j udgmen t on the said felonies

and mur rs as lso to ut offi f r de , a exec e the ce o co oner, an d if rson s tr r foun u b r of e the pe ied we e d g ilty . y a ve dict twelv men r u on r an d s orn of f ur n the e p cha ged w , the o ext town ships adj oin ing un to the place Where the said felony and mur r was on his h a was to stru off de d e, e d be ck with the

' Forester s axe at a place called Sweet Oaks within the said

r a s sat in ud m n on su rson Chace, whe e they lway j g e t ch pe s, an d the body was to be carried un to the height of Malvern

l un o e Balde ate and r to Hi l t a place call d y , the e be hanged

on a llo s and so to r main unl s i ns w ga w e , es l ce e as granted to m ronrsr ' asn ensur e s m vm b f r ta * y the chie Foreste to ke it down . It does not appear ” that the chief Forester was boun d to he learned in the

an d r s oor f o n o law, pe hap a p ell w ob oxious t the chief or ” an o r or s r if foun n the s m y the F e te , d withi aid Chace, ight

a but s n us o to him an d his h ve had ca t j tice all ted , head

' he in un s n r r s placed plea a t p oximity to the Fo e ter s axe.

t re ar to rson s un t n un fu or o n in Wi h g d pe h i g law lly, p achi g

' “ h c is r or — i rs fin the C a e, it ec ded that i an y of the Foreste d an rson or rsons un n n the s or y pe pe h ti g withi aid Chace,

- oun s r of or s n in su s ous viz . st s n in b d the e , ta d g pici ly, able ta d g, w ounds r n or oo n s s m or s r ith h d awi g, bl dy ha d , the a e F e te s a ac him or h m and r n h m n to s e h ll att h t e , b i g t e i the Ca tl of n r to r m n r son rs in a e a e Ha dley, the e e ai p i e a pl c c ll d

n ur m r un il t e foun sur es of ir Ba b y Cha be , t h y have d eti the good harbouring against the game by obligation in C shillin gs

’ to or s u se to u on the forfe tur o f t m the l d , be levied p i e he ” r ‘ n un r n r t r o their surety . 1 O e h d ed shilli gs was a her a la ge

fine for r s ss n in se r of m an d of ourse t e pa i g a ch ga e, c

- - — homble pie if in deed any pic was allowed would be the “ o to r son rs in n ur m r n ot diet all ted p i e the Ba b y Cha be , in all r t r omfor fi t p obabili y ve y c tably ted up . The lord of the Lordship of Hanley was the chief lord

of t s a and of all ro alt s of an d a o n t hi Ch ce, the y ie it, pp i ed

ons a of the astl of n e ar r of a k the c t ble C e Ha l y, the p ke Bl c

‘ or the s ard bailifi the mast r of the m four m e, tew , the , e ga e,

for s rs an d ran r to o on in the ar a or da e te , a ge , h ld ce ye l d y and a court baron ; an d every three weeks to determin e all

n n r of as an d r s sses de s or d ner ma e ple t e p a , bt , etai , which

’ um n rin te in Nas s W n his a endix to the o The doc e t p d h orc estershire, i p ac c unt ’ of the orests sa s W ic ower of u ment exten e rom Cham e s Pool F , y h h p j dg d f y n ow el a upon the south part u to G y te upon the north part, and in breadth rom ” f h ei t f al ern - ill Rodeway unto t e h gh o M v h .

nd n F rom a M enwra m On the antient liber ties, roy alty , and c ustoms to t lordshi an d ran h s o Han dl and u n to h o belonging he p f c i e f eg, t e Chase f ” ’ Worc e r ri o o u Malach i in Nas s Hist. ste nte r m men in ossession o he , h , p d f a d c t p f t Lec hm0 0 family, and preserved among their muniments. run som e AND' as ses sor m m 1 1

ot l of f rt shi in T ex ceeded n the va ue o y ll gs. o this c ourt

s s om and ustom r n nts r of r fr be ide the h age c a y te a the e , we e ee

su ors the o of s m ns r o of P rs or it , Abb t We t i te , the Abb t e h e,

the Pr or o f u Malvem e Pr or of l n i M ch , the i Litt e Malver e,

the or iffor for the ords of to - u on - om the L d Cl d L hip S ke p Sev ,

or of Madresfe ld or of roms rro an d th L d y , the L d B be w, e * - r of B rtes or on . t n or h of an Lo d y M t Wi hi the L ds ip H ley,

no s r ff or esc haetor or an for n offi r an o r he i , , y eig ce had y p we

t r but ailiff of an was to u and s r wha eve , the b H ley exec te e ve

all r s an d to r urn s m his o r an d as fo p ecept , et the a e at je pa dy ; r

the a n o arr n from ust s was to o or u pe ce, w a t j ice be beyed exec ted

r an for n offi r for as mu as the ons the e by y eig ce , ch c tables of the said Lordship of Han ley were to sue an d arrest the parties n amed in the said warran t ; an d the said parties to commit to ward ; the constable of the Castle of Hanley had also power

of s n in u m n on f lon and murd r and of u n itti g j dg e t e y e , exec ti g t he ofi c e of a coroner within the fran chise of Hanley ; and the person accused was to be brought before the steward at

n and t r n rdi an d if foun u w Ha ley he e i te cted, , d g ilty, he as to

u e r n R d be exec t d at a ce tai place called y de Green .

to Chaos w r a so r n r urst e Attached the e e l ce tai Ve d , Viewers,

an d i rs r nur and o n o n h R de , which by thei te e h ldi g f la d ad

o r to r and r m u roun soi an d to n s p we ide pe a b late the g d, l, w hips

’ of v r ord from Charme s Poo u on so u e e y l , y l p the uth n to

Pow k r an dBraunc eford r e to o rs y e B idge B idg , ve ee the highways

d r ourses and to a ar an wate c , t ke c e that the wood hedges adj oinin g to the Chace be lawfully made for the preservation

r nd of the deer. The Viewe s a Riders were also to look to

homblin of o s and to o rs an the g the d g , have the ve ight d

c orr ti on r of e r s n rs an d u m nn r ec the e twice ve y eve y ea , s ch a e

of o s as r found un a fu is to sa as ou n d g we e l w l, that y , c ld ot be drawn through a certain sterop of eighteen inches and a

r f Iands within the bc undan es of the Chac e. “gamma, aota :L C 13 run som e sun m os or ' m vm

arle c om in l n and r om ss f b y e gth b eadth c pa , the arther j oin ts of two m s r to out n and the the iddle claw we e be clea away, ‘ nd o r of o s r o 3 3 ld. master a wne the d g we e t be amerced .

f or s r who was n r n m n of The chie F e te , ge e ally a ge tle a

os t on rious f s ass n to him as ro s of p i i , had va ee ig ed , c p all ” o s an ss of m s in u umn on the ak , y exce the a t a t bey d what

’ " u r for the ommon rs s the in f ood was req i ed c e pig , w d all w , " 3 d nn of m n ts m in and the the pe y attach e ade the Chace,

’ 3 d penny of all felons goods an d forfeitures within the ” “ r ommon r m f oo s h Chace . Eve y c e ight all what w d plea et ” him u on t m n —the m n n ot to p at ach e t, attach e t exceed the v u of oo and or s er ma fu fo o al e the w d, the F e t y law lly ll w the common er with his wain un to his own house an d attach him there ; if he may come to put his bow betwixt the foremost ” o n an d - os of his ous The ommon rs and xe the gate p t h e . c e inhabitan ts in and about the Chace were to give n otice to the for st rs of an r om n u on r r m s s but t e e e y dee c i g p thei p e i e , h y

r on n o oun to mo s or di ur m un we e acc t kill, le t, st b the , der

n of ns rin for sam our of n h pe alty a we g the e at the C t Ha ley, wit "

bom in ros . ommon rs o r r ble pie p pect The c e , h weve , we e entitled to put their pigs in to the Chaos in autumn to feed upon

orn s from o s an d if r the ac the ak , it appea ed that there was

' mor mas t n ommon rs o s ou onsum e t ha the c e h g w ld c e, the public crier was to ann ounce the fact in the n eighbourin g to n s an d sur lus m s was to so d for the n fit w , the p a t be l be e of or ortion o n of ours to f or st r the l d , a p g i g, c e, the chie F e e .

s r u rs s usa s an d us oms s All the e pa tic la , law , ge , c t pas ed

o s no er leasant roc ess This hombling of th d g , y p to hem, was most o t e‘ g um le ie whpc h hire the Pers probably the on n of that h b p , ian dirt those persons re sai to ea w 0 e ras l or oolis l ot into an un leas n redic am r a d h v h y f h y g . t a . p ' ‘ ‘ l ' ' ’ u p at “gizth fi l mifli aeir linfi l fié 7 mfi fi i f l f fl 3 21 32lower “ end of the great table in the hall in the good old times” Yet even a ie of this “ ” p desc ription might be well partaken of by a man hun as a hunter wi th no bad ’ relish ; but the c utting c lean away of the joints 0 those dogs c laws foun d ” l w ul was rather s ar ractic e and more li el to lea to the rover ial un a f h p p , k y d p b mmon use t an the t i w expression that got into c o h ac ualp e, hic h if not plac ed on

ot bad in itself. rc the head table, was probabl n The expression imp lies a fo ed

iliatlm which it certalnl was to the ocr dc . hum . y p g ’ M W AND M OF HALVM . 13

‘ awa hen Chaos was disafiorested in 1632 and ere y w the , th

n r m ns was r ser b r of nc r an d o ly e ai what e ved y a dec ee Cha e y,

or r in oun in n it m l 5th the de C cil expla i g , ade at Whitehal ,

t m r 1632 i ft r onfirm n the r n the Sep e be , , by wh ch a e c i g g a t by

in of hi ir r of to Sir o s Vermu den K g s th d pa t the Chace Nich la y , it is de clared that the other two parts shall be left op en and free for the freeholders and ten an ts an d commoners to take their common of pasture and common of estovers therein ; 5

w r s ri ion no enc losure shall be made or oods ith the e t ct that , w

and trees felled within the two- third p arts subjec t to right of c ommondL These reserved rights still remain where not altered by

od rn n osur - s an d r s of ommon rs s i l m e e cl e act , the ight the c e t l appertain to all the waste within the extensive parish of Great

rn So h in s or r n of an st n for Malve . t at the ale g a t y wa e la d

u li or r ur os s ommon rs ma d n c p b c p ivate p p e , the c e y ema d om pen sation ; an d in a recen t railway case when the Hereford

was m h o in mon l Railway ade t ey bta ed it, the ey va uation of

' their abstracted rights bein g n ow deposited at exchequer

interest in the Worcester Old Bank . The deer of the Chaos were probably all destroyed at its

disaiforestation for n ot in fur h r is n w r n t n , h g t e a y he e me io ed

a ou m an d n on r to en r s rv h b t the , e appea have b e p e e ed in t e

o s of oun r n m n . If an s r on s r main padd ck c t y ge tle e y t ay e e ed, “ " doubtless in the lawless time of the great rebellion they

w r fin s u ou r mors . h r as far as n o e e i hed p with t e e Neit e , I k w, h as an oun n f in s or or a of y acc t bee le t, t y b llad, the exploits of or s rs Verdurers an d r u ors in ir fora s the F e te , , F ee S it , the y

‘ ' After the disaflorestation of the Chac e ”ariousts dispirtes amsc as to rights ot c ommon u it and it was at t ll i , las na y dec ded that, The parishes reputed to fi — be within t o liberties and prec inc ts of Malvern Chac e were the parish of Hanley C astle a arc el of ton ”u on i , p Up p Severn , the par sh of Welland, part of Longdon, Castle orton irt alias irc orto rrow al M , B B h M n, the Berrow, Bromsbe , M vern Perm l ern Ma rt of Lei ll w in W Ma v pa gh ca ed Haws ell, Mathon, all orc estershire t r w in ouces excep B oms Gl tershire, and 00l in the c ounty of Hereford.

’ See the Act of Parliameut recited at lem in Nash s Werecat - Appendic te

“o h m ic. m u m r m c nm or m vm .

and un n s fter r or r ord f of an erri h ti g a the dee , the ec le t y M e men who might have furtively sought after a fat buck ; or

‘ ” any c aitifi prowler who by the verdict of twelve men

’ foun his a un r or s r s in s i d head pl ced de the F e te axe, the a d " “ ee s r a s sat in u m n on chace at Sw t Oak , whe e they alw y j dg e t ” d o r su rsons. c an s r e oub t r ch pe It ca c ly be d te , h weve , tha dee

ste a n was an old us om as ro e thin of li g c t , app v d wi the Chace

a rn o n oods of or es rs r as in rr M lve by the R bi H W c te hi e, Me y

r oo an d o t er o a or s s. s in f t r or She w d, h R y l F e t It i ac ec ded that

Hu le Des enc er f us of n m or s gh p , Chie J tice Fecke ha F e t, held

our omm n r in Wor s r in 13 00 t a C t at the C a de y ce te , May, , o

' ” im se fin s on the es ro rs of n s w e d t ye the Ki g game . It is

oss n ed a s r ax e of or st r fr ned p ible, i de , th t the ha p the F e e ighte

r from a r n m ma auders the Ch ce at Malve n. At o e ti e the deer

mus n num rous as are us m n ione in a t have bee e , they th e t d n

old d ot on son su os to n om ose b a ev i al g, pp ed have bee c p d y

form r r of al rn ou the r 16 10 e Vica M ve , ab t yea

A c hac e for Roy al deer m asses “ For aught they get thee ’ w t, tho they eat a gi 00m “I n ay he Y . Y “ Y 7 Do not or et i sa f g , y , To praise the he noble c hac e doth give $b easts t eir ee in y b h f d g, Where they m summer live With little heeding shee and swme there o Thy g g . So doth t y horse also,

Till winter brings in snow, ” Then praise the Lord.

The homage - ten an ts an d common ers livin g on the borders

' of the Chace were n ot privileged to take or kill any of the

idin n if r s ss u on th r om deer there ab g, eve they t e pa ed p ei h e s teeds ; but then they had the run of the open parts of the

‘ in summ r s son and o r Chace for their live stock the e ea , the l o o r o n s of oo &c . I s ou h rd rights f est ve , l ppi g w d, h ld a y dare assert that a j oin t of venison did n ot occasionally get

o eo nants houses for deer stealin so in to some of the h mag te , g,

15 rm: massr rum m en or m m :

” the in - m r who l in two dau hters his k g ake , eav g g , M r as r ss s i i n m we e, hei e e , d v ded betwee the . One was matched to the unfor un w r Pr n of s son of n t ate Ed a d, i ce Wale , He ry VI. and u n M r r mur r d ft r fi Q ee a ga et, de e a e the ght at Tewkesbury.

was m rr af r r s in t to r I. but had no She a ied e wa d K g Richa d II , issu . o r m the if of G or u of r n e The the beca e w e e ge, D ke Cla e ce, who ft one son is son an ir was le . Th d he beheaded in the Tower

n r n f ns r n o o o or r of r . who p ete ce c pi acy by de He y VII , then

' s z u on oun r s oss ss ons n u in the ei ed p all y g Wa wick p e i , i cl d g

s and n or of n rks of mor n Ca tle Ma Ha ley, the pa Black e, Ha ley,

' and Clifie all n in osom of the ac o y , lyi g the b Ch e, t gether with the market town of Upton - upou - Severn ; and so these posses sions thus unj ustly obtain ed by Henry remain ed Crown lan ds

till ou r 163 0 n n ar s I. on r in ab t the yea , whe Ki g Ch le , ce ta

on i on s r n e on e- r r of the or s or of c d ti , g a t d thi d pa t F e t Chace

Ma rn to Sir o r t n torn - n r an d Sir lve R be t Hea h, the At ey Ge e al ,

o s Verm d n In m n im m n r s or C rneliu uy e . the ea t e a y ight c aims of r r s n ran or on us es in the l . ight had a i e by g t l g ag l s of s r l n ur s an d n r n s n to ap e eve a ce t ie , whe the g a tee bega enc lose .the Chac e the commoners and other persons in terested d s ut t ir r to do so an d s r r o s and dis ur n s i p ed he ight , eve al i t t ba ce

a in on s r ss d r was ssu d took pl ce c equen ce . Neve thele a ec ee i e

’ in 163 2 for disafiorestation of of rn and the the Chace Malve , for fr in n s it n oun s m s and urisdic ee g the la d w hi the b d , li it , j

ions r of of an d from m of r re and the t the e , the ga e dee the ” r a is d r to o all dis u s on e- ir fo est l ws. By th ec ee ( bviate p te ) th d

r onl was to s r an d iv omm ssion rs but pa t y be eve ed d ided by c i e , the other two parts shall remain an d continue un to and amon st ommon rs an d l m or in to g the c e , be he d by the acc d g

ir s ra r s and n r s s d s r an from the eve l ight i te e t , i cha ged d freed

’ his a s s m of r r an d of an d from for st M je ty ga e dee the e, the e l s an d r s and fr n s s of or an d in aw , the libe tie a chi e F est Chace,

r such sort as by the said decree it doth an d may appea . AND om en or m ran roamr m . 1 7

ut s s n n s an d ommon rs s ral o rfu B be ide the te a t c e , eve p we l l n o n rs r s or a ms u on the o os a d w e , with ight cl i p Chace, pp ed the

u t on of s d r an d Sir om s uss o n exec i thi ec ee, Th a R ell, J h

Hornihold s u r an d o rs r s n in n r , E q i e, the , p e e ted a bill Cha ce y

r n its r rs il in m n im i m o e p ayi g eve al ; wh e the ea t e, Will a N y ,

rn - n r t an inform on in our Atto ey Ge e al, exhibi ed ati the C t of

t r m r ns Sir om s uss ni Sir i m S a Cha be agai t Th a R ell, K ght, Will a “ uss rt an d o rs for r n rio s and o r mis R ell, Ba , the , ce tai t the demeanours supposed to have been done in opposition an d

of u ion of the s r hin dran ce the exec t aid dec ee. To en d the dispute an order in Council was made at White

5th m r 163 2 to n form r r an d hall, Septe be , , explai the e dec ee, for the settlemen t of the differen ces that had disturbed the

u r ar co n t y. By this it is decl ed that the third part to be

“ ' n ose s ou not the s s d but indifieren tl e cl d h ld be be t electe , y en an d oo and o r tw tak , bad g d, that the the o parts shall be left op en and free for the freeholders and ten ants an d

ommons to ir ommon of s ur an m of c , take the c pa t e d co mon E stovers therein ; with the restriction that no enc losure shall be made or oo s or r s f l n , w d t ee e led withi the two reserved “ r f third parts . This orde o explan ation was to be held as

rt of the sa r an d st r main s in f r pa id dec ee, ill e o ce (bein g after

r s onfirm of P r m n l6 th r wa d c ed by Act a lia e t Cha les II . ) as to su ch waste lands in the parishes of the Chace that have n ot b om su to n osur ts or n o a or n to ec e bject e cl e ac , bee all ted cc di g

a m m d for n osur omm s o r the cl i s a e be e the e cl e c i si ne s. But I

on s - or on r v rn o a an d believe ly Ca tle M t , G eat Mal e , C lw ll, Mathon are n ow left exempt from later acts and orders of

n osur so b o s the fr o rs an d ommon rs of e cl e, it eh ve eeh lde c e Great Malv ern especially to see that they are not desp oiled

i a a l o their ri hts wh c h re e r lessenin . f g , y y g

a ears o n Hornihold Es . of mor P r It pp that J h , q , Black e a k, had at at m r from n n r n or o r th ti e, whethe a cie t g a t the wise is

" ” n ot s t rt in ri s c all n s and n ns ta ed, ce a ght ed Re t Oat Re t He , m O E AND c as r v 13 F R ST es o m muv.

payable to him by some of the inhabitants of Malvern and

t on and o re it is r ll o t be Ma h ; s the dec e, decla ed sha n construed or taken to exten d to debar the said John

Hornihold his rs or s i ns for or n rn his or , hei a s g , co ce ing t ir n ns r ofore to im d e or ab b an d he Re t He , he et h u , pay le y

from an of in n s f u al rn and on y the habita t o M ch M ve Math ,

in sa un of or es r an d of o w in ount the id co ty W c te , C l all the c y

of r for but s and Ren He e d, that the ame Ren t Oats t Hens

s all an d m an d ntinu r due and l to h , ay be co e yea ly payab e

him s o n Hornihold his r an d ss ns i , the aid J h , hei s a ig , as n

his or r fo m ri and as if s r thei r er ght, the aid dec ee or dis

affor s on or dis r in s i or st or a ha e tati , cha g g the a d F e Ch ce d ” m in h ar f n v r n . i re o the e e bee Th s dec e, ade the eig th y e reign of Charles I was afterwards ratified and c onfirm ed by

’ A o r me 16 II m s of in s r c t Pa lia n t th harles . o i f C , t the K g th d " part being then by mean conveyances passed into the hands I of Sir o s Strode of nn r m ni t an Nich la , the I e Te ple, K gh ; d what was in Herefordshire bein g then in the han ds of John

r and i m Thac kwell n m n . r of c om Bi ch Willa , ge tle e The ight mon r r rv as m in n s r l r s of as he e ese ed w a tai ed by eve a t ial law, appertainin g to thirteen parishes within or borderin g upon the an cien t Chace ; but encroachmen ts an d later en closure

ts as l as h on of the ner l n osure ac , we l t e applicati late ge a e cl

ac t has f r a os n o r v as to the , le t the dec ee lm t i pe ati e, except waste within the parish of Great

ut or of on re n to a rn i s The A h Reflecti s lati g M lve H ll , published in gives the followin g imagin ative picture of

It is somewhat c urious that a dispute has lately arisen as to the ownership of c o w ic mi t b r h the summit of the Worc estershire Bea n, h h gh e p esumed as within t e d i l wit in the oun s of the an su ec t parish of Great Malvern, an c erta n y h b d Chac e, d bj Parli d to the dec ree by whic h and the subsequent Act of ament it was disatforeste . azal ette and ot e ntle en intereste as Not long sinc e it was proposed by Mr. B g h r m d a r s c t- tab i of the visitors in the attrac tions of Malvern , to erect P o pe e on the summ t ill wit a telesc o e and a en a es for mar in e er o ec t in the istant lan h , h p pp d g k g v y bj d d

t l la he roun re ente the ro ec t ein c arrie out. Mr. sc ape, bu riva c i ms to t g d p v d p j b g d le as La of the anor of al ern and on Barneby c laimed for Lady Emily Fo y, dy M M v ;

be al of Mr. Hornihold it was alle e that it had een urc ase as inc lu e in h f , g d b p h d d d ’ th ar owe er the roun woul be su ec t to the ri ts e King s third p t. If not, h v , g d d bj gh ent un ec i of the commoners ; but the matter remains at pres d ded.

late of Kem se . The Rev. E. M. Rudd, p y rm: ro : m om en or m am vm . 19

Malvern life in the purlieus of the Chace at the beginnin g of “ ir en n ur - I som im s o in m n on the th te th ce t y et e g back, i agi ati , to s a of in s l rn m n n ur s a the t te th g at Ma ve a y ce t ie go. I see b n es ills ns of th s di rs fi rfu e eath th e H , i tead i ve i ed chee l scene

of ul i on st s r n or s in rs r c t vati , a va t aggli g F e t, te pe sed with

h s ur s i mu f r in s is b u heat y pa t e w th ch ewe dwell g v i le, chiefly h ts

’ an d o a s an d r an d r a r m n s c tt ge , he e the e g eat a castle bosomed in trees ; the wide forest scene having a rich an d n oble but more

n s r rs at d s n an lo ely a pect. A che a i ta ce appear d disappear

amon r s r rsin c in u s of d r. So u g the t ee t ave g the Cha e q e t ee lit de,

n r ss stron r r s s s n . I eve thele , gly cha acte i e the ce e have before

an d its riou me the grey Gothic Abbey, va s conventu al build

n . I on ro s o i gs ts bell sounds am g the ck . C wled monks walk

mon the h a r um s s r m lo a g t ick lde cl p by the t ea be w. Some are settin g out on a spiritual visit to the peasants or to the house

o of n ourin ron or Kni o rs o h ld a eighb g Ba ght, the f the lay

’

r r n r urn i r from St. nn s or o b eth e et w th wate A the H ly Well,

m ar r — two miles distant. So e e he e upon the Hills perhaps

r urn n fr m is to rm n et i g o a v it the He itage . O e sits readin g amon g jutted rocks an d tan gled bushes ; an d two or three are ” mmi oo in o abo n r su n on n se o . ve, ea the t, l k g d w the expa bel w

s is r tur n ou but n i n r Thi a p etty pic e e gh, whe it s co side ed

t in mon s r s all n s r on b ru an d sub hat a te ie thi g we e d e y le,

ec tion to s r is in ons n n for an r j t ict d cipl e c ta tly e ced, we c sca cely believe that the monks had that contemplative liberty here

su os d an d in f n um rous s r i s in mon s r pp e , act the e e v ce the a te y

o n of i r as w uld ot allow t. The e w a regulation at Little

rn Pr or mon s r s ou d o ut onl Malve i y, that the k the e h l g o y two

to ether im i s sus i on d s iri g , which pl e a p ci beyon p tu al thought

n or poetical con templatio . If we now turn to regard the size of Malvern Chace as at

r n and u v s l fin d p ese t en closed c lti ated, we ha l but few extensive

ommons or s s l f th n it an d f w c wa te e t wi i , e er still vestiges of

real for s round. In the r sen st of oun r e t g p e t ate the c t y, when THE ORES AND CHACE OF AL 20 F T M VERN.

n losur has don lmost all c an i rr n e c e e a it , w th ba en grou d c on verted in to green meadows an d cultivated fields that now meet the i a mos r w r n t an d the rn v ew l t eve y he e betwee he Hills Seve , it is scarcely possible to realise the Forest scenes of the British ” and on m s. i if an of Sax ti e L ttle, y the origin al Forest as

n rs oo erm now r m ins o f w oo u de t d by the t , e a , f r the e w ds that

n suff r to s m r l o have bee e ed exi t, e e y all wed to form bushy und r oo is f r s n rs or rm to r s e w d that elled eve y eve yea , pe itted ai e

in an d n ho - ol s but v n h th la k p p e , give a ery i adequate idea of t e

s n as of ol n m s. r ar too m n s s ylva pect de ti e Eve y ye , , di i i he im t oo an s ar n u these l i ed w dl d , which e lessened by grubbi g p

a r and ou ffi u r s n t find and m de a able, it w ld be di c lt at p e e t o many old forest veterans that existed when the Clares and

es enc ers or r s i Beauc ham an d evilles D p , late t ll, the m N , held s ’ their court at Hanley Ca tle. But although individual trees of great size and age are of

urr n som oo l n s n su from rare occ e ce, yet e w d a d that have bee ch

m s et r m n an d this is s as the earliest ti e y e ai , e pecially the c e

s an d ol s ro r n n the roun d t where yew h lie g w, da ke i g g wi h

n oom all m s. In ris of Po bou sylva gl at ti e the pa h wick, a t o as as in r ous r s of o an d t on the Berr w, well va i pa t C lwall Ma h , there are an tien t woods sufficien tly embowered in foliage to reveal the picture Lucan has drawn in Druidical times Where in deep horror had for ages A dark unviolated sacred wood ; for n otwithstanding the various enclosures of late years that have reduced the once exten sive Chace of Malvern to a c om

n arro om ass e t in n m s lud s o s s ll paratively w c p exc p a e, ec ed p t ti

his c astle onc e so im ortant a eature in the C ac e sc arc el a esti e Of t , p f h , y v g t t ree si es of the wi e most t at encom asse i the ow remains, ex c e h d d h p d t, area n ’ formi ng a gen ien attac hed to the modern thou h handsome farm- house on its north

. er . inc ent g rn ib l he n nte Mr Gee un o o d Es . t re resentati e of side, te a d by , d J V , q , p v il lon resi ent at lac moor Par and c onnec te wit the old orest its an old fam y g d B k k. d h f , he l t a residen at Han astle was Hen ustoms. T as eu l t C r u e of laws and c f d y, D k wic who ie t ere in the rei n of Henr g and a ter the ro ert was War k, d d h y f p y Crown ee rs of tga c astle suffere it to ec ome dila ip till c on sc ated to the , pe d b p ated. fi k " n t s unoc cupied it was destroyed piec emeal. Lela d eaks of i as defac ed in hi an no e en a min wer is now left or Hen . d t :(pto to sketch day (temp . v morslise upon. THE O F REST AND CHACE OF MALVERN. 2 1

s n ron tr s an d us s mos as lon exi t e vi ed with ee b he , al t ely, so r an d s r ed as n hrou un n e st s lita y, de e t , whe t gh i habit d wa e the chief Forester galloped about with his axe the dread ofprowlin g

‘ c aitifis or eom n r rs mo ve m rr on to re u , y a p icke d e ily al g se the stag from his lair in the ferny hollow . About the eastern

s of the r fords r on an d on r s of ba e He e hi e Beac , eithe ide the

on an d Casend s mor to the sout are n s Ragged St e Hill e h, di gle leafy as Merry Sherwood ever beheld ; the dense woods upon the Hollybush Hill are as solemn as old hollies an d som r v r r n - r s c an m t m s b e e e g ee yew t ee ake he , while Ca tle

o rton ommon s s o s r n n s r M c till h w a wide, g ee expa e, with he e an d h r oo er the o rs of un n ma fo ow t e e a p l, wh e l ve h ti g y ll barriers and fox - oun s if the as of n o l r n m s t h d , ch e b e a i al han

and fo w r hares xes c an no be n o lon ge taken .

s ort m s n in an urs on to o y us A h ti e i ce, exc i the H ll b h Hill, I passed through a large pasture beyon d the Brick Barn s

rm ous the n m s o n a ost r or to old Fa h e, a e h wi g p e i date the forest time when all barns hereabout were constructed of

In astu re had s ra oak r s a r oo . s s w d thi p , which eve l t ee c tte ed o r was u fu s uest r on em o r in ve it, a bea ti l eq e ed p d, b we ed wide

ran n oa s and ash tre s an d had ro l b chi g k e , which p bab y

ur f r he remained undisturbed in its obsc ity or centuries . He e t

ha s t r rs for the orm n on u s forest deer d laked hei thi t be e N a C q e t, and thus it had remained after the deer had been destroy e d

n r f o n t m s et and the forest enclosed . The cou t y o lde i e y remain s pictured around the borders of these retired an d un tou oo s are r s i s s m ched p l , which like a ti t c ketche ade by a m s d f on r t r n . s o en o a e ha d The hall w the p d, whe e the cattle m use of was o r du - but far r ade it, c ve ed with ck weed the the

r un r s m o r an was a as r us an d pa t de a teep e b we ed b k bl ck E eb ,

m i an d r for se d d to i c h n . It s e ed e icated p t y ight lay t ll da k, scarcely though the sunbeams contrived to pen etrate through the fo u on at r oul r on of the thick liage p the w e , c d the eflecti br i m l a s s r th an ches be at all seen . At th s ti e dead e ve t ewed e run rom r AND as r m 22 c es o vm .

of on t r and more r on n surface the eb wa e , we e c ti ually added

n with every gust of wind . The o ly sign of life upon this

n and s u ool was r l f sile t ecl ded p , whe e a g eam o wandering light called up a circling ban d of the little burnished water

fiea rinns natator for fe ( Gy ) , which, the w minutes that the

m lan mo m rr out. sunbea g ced, ved e ily ab B ordering upon Castle Morton common is another solemn

- surroun d ool no ou t of on n i u for thicket ed p d b l g a t q ity, it

n m of Danemoor an d is not far bears the a e , from the exten sive castrametation surroundin g Midsummer an d part of the

o us s. On one o sion w n was s i H llyb h Hill cca , he I be ide t, a

bre e d of wild- ducks an d their mother came out from among

rus s on its or rs m n r r r n the he b de , aki g a ve y p etty appea a ce . In the autumn al an d win ter seasons Longdon Marsh covered with water used to presen t the appearan ce of an extensive

l an d or r ns ro of sea- rus s ri s ake, b de ed by a de e g wth he , tall ca ce ,

and an rm of umos r s had and so r s c a y pl e eed , a wild lita y a pe t,

a few clumps of silvery - leaved poplars ( Pop nlns c anesc ens)

r r c r givin g a peculia cha a te to the aqueous scen e . But the

r n a of the m rs r n t n in nd il if su d ai ge a h, ece tly ake ha , w l, ccess

l n s t of in s nt r . fu , cha ge the a pec th g e i ely

In r s of o w ll n r old un in s f e the pa i h C l a , ea the h t g eat o th

s o s of r for is oo - s fish- oo hou n Bi h p He e d, a g d ized p l, t gh ow

almost half choked - up an d closely environ ed with a den se

o of es on s o s on saw was gr wth tall caric , which the la t cca i I it

th o of sa oots F nlic a atr crowded wi a fl ck ble c ( a . ) These

h few oo s in rn di s r birds in abit p l the Malve t ict at presen t.

r s - m n on oo in m d of Nea the la t e ti ed p l, the i dle a pasture,

s n OLWALL AKS two o s oak an ta d the C O , the lde t trees y

rn ills and ma f where about the Malve h , ni estin g in their size of hole an d bare stags arms at the tops risin g high in

air undoubted eviden ces of very high an tiquity . The largest

n mu s t r an d os som of its fin s r n s has bee ch hat e ed l t e e t b a che ,

dis n has an and nu loo so that at a ta ce it a l k atte ated k,

m roxnsr AND on es or m 24 vm .

in s s and ma m n on the rro oo as age pa t, I y e ti Be w W d, the extensive c overts that stretch about the western base of the

e for s r on and r o on H re d hi e Beac , the ve y thick w od the eastern s of o us r n r s mor oom ide the H llyb h Hill, e de ed till e gl y by scattered though stun ted yew - trees that shadow the groun d

i - or s n ma solemnly even at m d day . F e t sce ery y be well

m fi i n o us oo on n exe pli ed w thi the H llyb h W d, which, bel gi g to r om rs an d r ser as o r for m is Ea l S e p e ved a c ve t ga e,

se om or r f or s ur . r old run s t r ld eve elled di t bed He e t k , ei he upturned by the furious winter gale or fallin g down by

e r r ud lie ro n on roun and often th i dec epit e, tti g the g d, get

r t ro of ear- l un or roun r cove ed wi h a c p velvety ike F gi, d ha d

a s as r o no n to o t n s s as S hceriec . b ll black cha c al, k w b a i t p On the large decaying Polypori and other Fun gi smaller

o our s s row w oss s and un rm n n c l ed pecie g , hile M e J ge a ia clothe the damp boughs of the shadowed trees with a dense

o r n verdant c ve i g.

The Holly- bush Hill must have been noted for the ever green hollies that cover its declivities from the time that

in n ons firs roa its r an r s and the vadi g Sax t app ched ve d t c e t,

us has on t n u e u fu an d mos un ou th it c i ed, wild, b a ti l, al t t ched

r a - down to the p esen t d y . The holly is a very slow growing

r an d som of t os t on s t n d t of th t ee, e h e all e wi hi the ep hs e — wood are of con siderable bulk several even decayed and — rt l o o an d mus of er ons r a e x t n pa ia ly h ll w t be v y c ide able g , e e d

r o ars om o in g to hund eds f ye . S e f the older trees have on “ r smoo r ose ur ous r a as o thei th ba k th c i li ell , b tanists call

m r ose r s m P rs n or r ar the , which ve y cl ly e e ble e ia A abic ch acters,

and m mos se m to r n ight al t e be t a slatable . The species

al Gra his ele ans is mos ons uous and c led p g t c pic , when rather en usias i ou ns som rs a o th t c ab t Liche e yea g , the skin s of the

o s r ro u me som r n s h llie he e p d ced e ve y capital i cription s,

ou s s of the r s suff r m or r th gh the calp t ee e ed te p a ily . The

o s so ro u the r r moss Daltonia heter h llie al p d ce a e called omalla. s: D en m roam AN om or m u m . 25

S everal of the larger holly trees have three or four trunks in c os u os on offer n s n sha in summ r tim l e j xtap iti , i g a plea a t de e e . The holly must have been ever a great adornmen t to the th s of a rn and st is th n m n of icket M lve Chace, ill wi i a y the w oo s an d o s s n r the bills as in Broc khill oo an d ou d c p e ea , W d ab t

owlei h r r C g Pa k . The sides of that cu ious geological feature c a d w the s rn s of f lled the Ri g ay , at we te ba e the Here ord sh r a on an d n to rds as n or st are st i e Be c , leadi g wa E t Ca le, ill d ns ood d and t ou mod rn a ornm n has n e ely w e , h gh e d e t bee i n ro u e u on s n on e n ur f ur r m n s in t d c d p the ce e, at al eat e e ai the r t r - r n un r uni erus c ommunis h p e ty g ey g ee J ipe (J p ", w ich b eing preserved here grows fine r and taller than in any other

r of the a rn oun r o s r un p a t M lve c t y . I have b e ved the J iper o n the or rs of oo s ou the rof on an d at ush b de w d ab t C t, Math , B

Hi Powic an d mus form r e n mor d s rs ll, k , it t e ly have b e e i pe ed

abou bu t r s n is a mos r t . t the Chace, at p e e t it l t e adica ed It i s on s of wa n ot far from s on the ide the Ridg y, the ec d lo d h an oak ars t a c or siderable u n of ge, t at appe wi h q a tity

M st o u on n ar to of the r . s oak is i let e p it, e the p t ee Thi

h o r s n r one an d n ot ov 250 rs old. weve a le de , ab e yea Amon g other localities that still retain traces of the green fo r s of o n s ro an d the Storra e e t lde day , High G ve Old g

r n n or ar ma m n on d as as ou h s t etchi g thw d y be e ti e , well R g

H l Woo an d the us and ers fi n s of Cow il d, b hy div i ed di gle

e P r orr n t m ss s of n n l igh a k, till lately h e t wi h a e e ta gled b r m s an d m rs s o s s ow o r um s of a ble , a hy p t had ed ve with cl p

l r n on n u r mar Cowlei h as a de s. Even Abi gd the a tiq a y ked g a place where the springs descending from above with a

h s bu of h s ns s. s for t e us t s t murmur delig t the e e A eat M e ,

r f ot on for f of f oo one b ette or dev i ; li ted al t, y ye l k way ye

e o n s but the s an d n s if the o r ow e s e n thi g hill heave , the bel y ,

r ros f th s er sh n or ss h a. most la ge p pect o i p i i g w ld which pa et

Dri shill the rro and Sarnhill n mom n . i a e t p , Be w Hill, , the

rn en d of h are so latter towards the sou the the C ace, al

em ne s t r u an it s of Iris a tidis w ooded i nce , wi h g eat q t ie the f m roassr AND a r. or m 25 c vn N.

ou m and rounds bou Pu l ourt h sima ab t the ; the g a t l C , t e

n on of m ow s Es . em arked from ma si Willia D de well, q , p a very

ar r o r s n a rmin ur of s n sc n r e ly pe i d, p e e t cha g pict e ylva e e y .

of for s o r rin s for the m n The idea a e t, h weve , b g be e i d images of great clumps of tall trees standing in imposing

r n ur as ll as m s old for s t r ns a d g a de , we aje tic e t ve e a det che an d standin g separate here and there

’ Trees that have outliv d the eagle

n r in r arms and r n runks some ve e able decay with ba e ive t ,

r r s of s n s n roo r and h r ik pat ia ch the ylva ce e, ted he e t e e l e

r u chieftains surrounded by thei s bject retain ers. Of these it must he confessed that n ot any very great number c an be

u but il n ow ro to num r e som f e add ced, I w l p ceed e e at e o th most curious relic s of forest times that yet remain scattered in

onfin s of and about the c e the Chace. Along the sides of brooks an d an tient water- courses old trees and weather- beaten

o on r m in to an un n rru d old and b les l g e a i te pte age, so n eglected pools may be foun d embowered with aged veteran patrician trees that for the sake of markin g the spot and preservin g the water have been suffered to remain till in their

' d r u for ou s r n n o i of o r of ec epit de, th gh well de e vi g the t ce the l ve

o n r om or l s i w o s n s as r. I dla d ce e y, they have bec e w th e t mbe n su s o s old f ur s of for s ma r sed ch p t the eat e the e t y yet be eali , an d here the aquatic vegetation peculiar to such localities

iv s em a ar r st r n and ma oc sion g e th ch acte i ic appea a ce, y ca ally s r - helte wild fowl . Masses of tall Carices or the taller Reed mace ( Typ ha latifolia ) with its black heads of catkin s here r s u in ns k s and form it r o i e p de e thic et , w h the g eat yell w flowered Iris a covert that Willows stoop over and Alders and

s r Po rs s f u r . r r nd c aggy black pla a ely g a d Seve al scatte ed po s,

s a l o r s rn are ord e peci l y t wa d the Seve , b ered with such c on s ic uous n s as r on - r- o he p pla t the g eat l g leaved Wate d ck, t

u - flowered u - Scutellaria alerlc ula ta r t bl e Sk ll cap ( g ) , the g ea

r- n in or - r n bur- r a u Wate pla ta , the tall b a ched reed (Spa g ni m

a r on s ar r mosu m. ) Othe p d e green with a close in vestiture of m roaasr AND on es or m v . 27

- e or o o r sm h r - s s duck we d, c ated ve with the all ea t haped leave

ro - r- os d o rs r s to of the F g bit wate lily, wh e elicate white fl we i e

o s i n n i . n n re view m st vi ibly n the eve i g twil ght The , agai , the

are f- dr - u m rs s o s r som o r urn and hal ied p a hy p t , whe e e ve t ed m are o u d hollow willow slowly yields to ti e, which cc pie

with a crowded growth of the Water- dropwort ( GZnanthc

- - - Phellandrlnm or u ow rs of the or me n ot. ) , the bl e eyed fl e F get Gran d scen es of forest scen ery may be swept away with the

s f r n d r r s of n ma be tree that o med them, a la ge t act la d y

r a m and o to r ur os s but oo s ecl i ed dev ted a able p p e ; the little p l ,

brooks an d r- ours s i o s or r m , wate c e , w th the c ppice that b de the , must remain to adorn the coun try with poetical quotations

- from os oo s n us ro si . Yet the l t b k , eve by the d ty ad de

r o o n s ro s and one o s ft r desec ati n f the la d cape p ceed , c p e a e

n r s rs as n o not on s n us i l a othe di appea , I ted l g i ce at B h H l ,

n r Po r of oo n on f nta an d ea wick, whe e a piece w dla d, l g le t i ct,

n u fu o r un r us s as r m m r an d o ce be a ti l with h a y j ipe b he , I e e be ,

r o rin r s of er P m terminalis la ge fl we g t ee the S vice ( y ) , had

been c u t down an d ruthlessly ruined . ” As form n oo ur of s n sc n r ro i g a g d pict e ylva e e y, The G ve

l rn ma r f rr to on s rn of at Litt e Malve y be e e ed , the ea te edge

i i fine s r n oak n o n as THE ENED CT NE wh ch s a p eadi g , k w B I I

' OAK f c u of nn son s al n oak , which, had it the a lty Te y t ki g , could doubtless bear witn ess to the colloquies of monks from

the c n r or ou s rt u r ak c an o adja e t p i y. Th gh thi pa ic la o nly make pretension to have had Benedictin e monks un der its

bran c hes n t rn Pr or was n in s whe Li tle Malve i y i tact, yet tho e days there were older patrician trees existin g goin g much f r r n o the m s for m an d of Pr or a the back i t ti e be e the , the i y itself it might then have been j ustly said in the words of Byron ’ It stoo embosom d i d n a lon ely valley, ’ Crown d i w lan by h gh ood ds, where the Druid oak Stood like Carac tac us in s et to rally ’ His ost wit roa arms ainst the t un er- stro h h b d g h d ke, And from beneath his boughs were seen to sally The a ores d ppled f ters. m N W T AND GRA E OF m 28 C m N.

n ro ndin as o s to r s of the Withi the g ve, exte g it d e the ve y ba e

r for s r on r s rn or is n ir He e d hi e Beac , by deg ee the exte al w ld e t ely

ll s and s u out an d all is so u an d sec us on . a o h t , lit de l i T ak as s r s in air u on s n n n s of n but he i e high p the la ti g ba k the gle , beneath their branches only a mazy thicket of brambles and c os - ro in a - r s are s rn or the rou h l e g w g e gle b ake di ce ible, g surface of the Beacon closin g the vista. A n arrow streamlet glides with a fain t murmur though unseen from the plan ts t n ron o om of the s o an d r is hat e vi it at the b tt l pe, he e lonelin ess that might again excite to eremetic al abstin en ce or

f u the solemnity o religio s thought. Though the Chace even n ow possesses a few salvage

oo s of nt n ro et old tr s of an s e are most w d a ie t g wth, y ee y iz ly “ r ou n r s an d m n en e scatte ed ab t at wide i te val , a y have be l velled,

s o l s s in his o m on rn on a o . r and a C tt e ay p e Malve , l g g He e

n i n r o s s orn of r r n s rea n there a t e t batte ed ak , h thei g a d p di g

s and m r i ss from m to t m t tal of arm , hacked e c le ly ti e i e, ell a e

u t for" ou t ss s oo run of man antiq i y, d b le they have t d the b t y

r n r s orms an d r s to som ir c an hun d ed wi te t , with e pect e the age on u ss ou ro l r n s n o ly be g e ed at, th gh p bab y eachi g back at lea t i t

P n a n t m s n n s was n r and a la t ge et i e , whe Ha ley Ca tle e ti e, Desp enc er or a Beauchamp rode forth with his verderers to

euse r from ir r u o s ma o onal r the dee the lai . S ch ak y be ccasi ly n o in old ro s one r r s n e see the c ut ticed hedge w , like the ep e e t d ( i fr o l f r n . o opp site which s 7 t. in circumfe e ce at 3ft m the

r g oun d .

s r s n s in fi n r rn and u ts ou ori Thi t ee ta d a eld ea the Seve , p t h

ontal arms in r ur is r r s z a ve y c ious manner. It a cha acte i tic “ s m n of is bur- oak of m n ma peci e what called a , which a y y

s n n n o r an d t us f to s oo for be ee , havi g bee p lla ded, h le t h t th n ew rms and m mor dwarfish a e r n e n ou a , ake a e pp a a c tha it w ld otherwise have don e . When thus left in the con dition of “ bur- o s in ran h s som m s s u ur us ak , the decay g b c e eti e a s me c io

d mon es s is the ld an even de iacal shap . Thi case with an o OLD PO R OAK ME O W E R r a n Sn va LLA D , IN A AD N A ,

U THER N P R T o r V ER C SO A MAL N CHA E.

a To fac e p ge 28.

’ ’ THE s rr s OAK EAR SHRR AR D s GR EEN , N ,

MALVER N . m r sr' AND r oas om en o m m . 29 an d partly hollow oak that stan ds in a hedge by the side of the

’ ro e n to rr r s r n o r rn an d ad l adi g She a d G ee , bel w G eat Malve , “ ’ rs n m of THE E L S OAK ou n o bea the a e D VI , which the tli e f several of its dying bran ches might well indicate for an

ro r n m . is s i o r l app p iate a e It a d, h weve , that the appel ation was really given to it from some sweeps having been seen to emerge in the mist of an autumn al mornin g from its cavity

r had n sh t r n an d as h di r whe e they bee el e i g, t ey sappea ed in

fo oo v r mu i oun " the g, l ked e y ch l ke y g devils The n ame at

n ts is to s to for all eve likely tick the de med tree . Another

ur ous old o ow oak all but s n s t s c i h ll , dead, ta d wi h a hed placed again st its serried bole by the road side n ear the boundary ofthe

ris s of P n o an d rro and is ro n pa he e d ck the Be w, p bably betwee seven and eight hun dred years old. Only one oak of any conspicuous size or spread of bough n ow r m ns s n in n r r rn an d is in th e ai ta d g ea G eat Malve , that e m of the as ur n to Cowlei h rm- ous an d so iddle p t e ext g Fa h e, may be called the COWLEIGH OAK . This indeed does n ot ’ “ as sho s s orns— r u s of its ro s old yet w the tag h eliq e t phie , th at den ote extreme antiquity ; bu t it is a tree of considerable s an d r of and its run is 4 in ize b eadth head, t k about 2 ft. circumference at a yard from the base . It may be considered

’ " o is as more than six hundred years old. C wley s Oke

A. D 163 3 . r f rre to in . ur of rn . e e d a MS S vey Malve Chace, Some of the gran d spreadin g oaks that adorn the beautiful

r n of Pu our ush e * the r s n of m g ou ds ll C t, B l y, e ide ce Willia

o f s of o s Es . ma o o D wde well, q , y give a g d idea the a pect

rn or s ere its st r s r f and som of s Malve F e t be t ee we e elled, e the e majestic veteran s may claim an an tiquity extending as far

r o s on but ol o bac k as four or five centuries . A cu i u l e tall h l w oak stands in a field by the side of the road between the Oxeye

Thou h Bushley by some spec ial grant appears to have been n ot inc luded in the tes t at t ere was a ar here w ic el n Chac e of alvem , y et Dr. Nash sta h h p k h h b o ged to the Earls of Warwick ; and there was also a manor in the attached to the m roansr AND GRACE or 3 0 MALvm . turn a and on r en on ro d from s ur pike g te the L g G e , the a Tewke b y to P n o h mus n r r l n - e d ck, w ich t have bee a u al a d mark for man y

n r t on s. is s o n out s on s r e ge e a i It w lle ab the ba e, with a c ide abl

o ow i n to s l r m n f r rs and r is I h ll w thi , able he te a y way a e , the e ,

r som n or s or in onn ion have hea d, e lege d t y c ect with it. “ The White - leaved Oak valley between the Ragged - stone and Ke send- ls s in its n m the m mor f a oak y hil , keep a e e y o n

s r n m mor os s n r that exi ted the e withi e y, wh e leave bei g va iegated

o s use to on r with white bl tche , ca d it be c side ed a curiosity an d

r u o ks i ar t s o p odigy. S ch a w th v iega ed leave are very unc m men but o ur o s on an d on e its s s , cc cca i ally, with leave lightly mottled with white now stan ds upon the sienitic boss in Cow “ m su rs on is n ra to m. leigh Park . So e pe titi ge e lly attached the

r d o r oun tr on in l in l rn e Scatte e ve the c y ce c uded Ma ve Chac , " man y dwarf bur- oaks of considerable age may y et be foun d i l d ro s an d s of on oo s an d s re ms n o d he ge w by the ide l ely p l t a ,

r are ffi u t s o an d ft r o n ush whe e they with di c l y di l dged, a e l ppi g p

r f un r n forth a c owd o yo g b a ches on their distorted heads. A remarkable dwarf tree of this description exists on the banks of m in the r s of e ou mi w s o f the Te e pa i h L igh, ab t a le e t

r n f r r h s has o n o th B a s o d B idge . T i a b le much swolle ab ve e

s an d is oft. in r r fr r u . ba e, 2 gi th at a ya d om the g o n d It is

’ r r s n in the om n n c ut ll r n son ep e e ted acc pa yi g , we ecalli g Ma s ” description in Caractacus

Behold y on oak. How stern he rowns and wit his roa rown arms f , h b d b il h l ” Ch ls t e pale p ain beneath him.

The Yew ( Tamas bac c ata) may be con sidered as a tre e

u if not su rior in n ur n to oak an d in oo s eq al pe e d a ce the , the w d t sti r ma n n the oun r s of the s on hat ll e i withi b da ie Chace, thi l g

n urin r is n t fu an d r n n n ous s e d g t ee ple i l ce tai ly i dige , e pecially

Heath in his ac c ount of the Sc ill slan s on the coast of Cornwall sa s , y I d , y In Lanhadron Park there grows an oak that bears leas es sp eckled with white ’ lle Painter s Oak rows in the Hun o E t as another ca d g dred f as . Some are of opinion that divers antient amilies of England are pre" admonished by oaks bearing ” f Descri t. o S ill I and strange leaves. p f c y eks Con tra”, sve, p . 246. GR E T Bu n OAK STAN NG m A F IE ON THE BAN x s A , DI LD

or r TE E i n T E P R S or List e n u n M , H A I H .

T fac e a e 30 o p g .

- OLD HO LLO W YEW TR EE IN CR ADLEY CH U RC H YAR D .

T o fac e page 3 1 .

THE O ES AND CHACE F E 82 F R T O MALV RN.

n ow surroun s old r and ro s of n utrimen that d the t ee, b it the t

o um ro that its huge b le and n e us boughs deman d . When

m sur in 1840 was 25ft. in irt and as on e of ea ed it g h,

o s r s ou Ma rn s is to o the lde t t ee ab t the lve Hill , it be h ped that

it ma r fu r s r sm n r o Es . on y be ca e lly p e e ved by O a Rica d , q ,

mo whose property it stands. The un t is supposed to have been a of u a ss m in nt n r tis t m s an d the place j dici l a e bly a ie t B i h i e ,

m n n a st ann ut is t n y ew ay eve the h ve exi ed . The exed c ake from s m on the s o som rs sin but it r m ns a ketch ade p t e yea ce, e ai h in its seclusion in t e same state . This y ew must he certainly

n a o n r l e f on more tha th usa d yea s o d. A y w o c siderable size “ ” and showing the graves of the rude forefathers of the hamlet from orm n if n ot a on m s ro s mournfu oom N a S x ti e , th w a l gl u on sou s of roms rro ur r t us formin p the th ide B be w ch chy a d, h g

“ ’ Apillar d shade w l floor o ed- rown hose grass ess f r b hue, By sheddings from the pining umbrage tinged Perenn ially beneath whose sable roof Of ou s as if for estal ur ose ec e b gh . f p p , d k d i u ic in erri os l W th nrejo g b es, gh t y shapes Ma meet at noonti e ear and trem lin y d F , b g Hope. n — Sile c e, and Foresight Death the skeleton, w And Time the shado , there to c elebrate ’ ’ n l t As i a natura emple, sc atter d o er ’ i r di W th alta s un sturb d of massy stone, o United w rship. Wordsworth.

Elm Ulmns mon tan a is an un ou e d n di The Wytch ) , d bt i

nous r rtia to u an roun r if unmo st d its ge t ee pa l pl d g d, whe e le e bran ches spread far out and depen d very gracefully ; b u t in

’ general it c omes un der the Woodman s axe to stand as a d e based

r a in m assum s en o rmous ol r an d us t e its ad. p la d, th ted he ti e e

ro ort on s on tO of a hole mu ss in u an d o ften p p i the p ch le b lk,

n Two of su h mon stro s t s makes a very grotesque appeara ce . c i ie

' s n ra are i te in the oo o tu ra s s exi ti g at C dley, dep c d W lh pe Na li t

u r n sa t ons for 1868 an d others a mos as s r n e - o o Cl b T a c i , l t t a g l k ing may be n oticed by any observer in the cou rse of his rambles abou t the margin o f woods n ear the base of the Malvern c h ain .

elm of som si e an d r a e ou rf s n s A Wytch e z g eat g , th gh dwa , ta d n r st rn s of Ke send n r c arria e ea the ea e ba e the y Hill, ea the g

us m ttan a E R K NIG HTSF O R D HO LLO W W r ren ELM Ulm ), N A

E BR IDG .

f e a e 33 To ac p g . THE AND FOREST GRACE or MALVERN. 3 3

drive to B romsberrow Cou rt ; an d an other curious hollow tree of the same species occurs in the vicinity of Knightsford Bridge

on the r er em . re r s n a on of s is n an d a iv T e A p e e t ti thi give , s

be s n s v n er n m es u res u e o will ee the yl a vet a ak a pict q bject.

Su erst t on sti re a n s som o u on the h Elm if p i i ll t i e h ld p Wytc ,

its r n s are c ut an d ou n in a u r m nn r as b a che b d pec lia a e , a

re d of the e e st ur in r r d a evil y ill l ks ru al ecesses. Some differen ce of opinion has been expressed by botanists and historian s of forest trees as to the claims of the Lime or

n en to n t in r a n but in the s of Tilia Li d a ivity B it i , hape p arvifolia it occurs in so man y woods an d coppices in the

Ma rn oun r e s r of the s ha its a ms as a lve c t y a twa d hill , t t cl i

n r ar to n s uta ou n on of an ative t ee appe be i di p ble, th gh e y r g eat size c an be n oted in woods. Bu t the lime is there mostly

c ut own as o - oo an d few tr s of an re a e are d c ppice w d, ee y g at g

suffer o s n r m un an t in e d t ta d . I have obse ved the li e ab d ly

oo s the rrow in oo st rn as of the w d at Be , a w d at the ea e b e

r fo r s r on in ro on in a oo on He e d hi e Beac , High G ve, Math , w d

s of Li t l Storra e os ur o 850 . the t e g , at R eb y R ck, By the ide

i roo forms us s to som x n and in oods Le gh B k it b he e e te t, w an d coppices about Leigh the lime appears with the characters

ro In ar s of roms rro is fin e of Tilia En p wa . the p i h B be w a

i olia n n r som ro s m s m n of T . arv s peci e p f , ta di g whe e e ad eet “ ne r Brownsend an d t s is BROWNSEND a the , hi called the

E bu t has n an n l . om r fine LIM , it bee pl ted, evide t y S e ve y

trees of Tilia Enrop wa n ow stan d in a field about half- a

oms rro ur an d s of mile south of Br be w Ch ch, by the ide the

er Two of road leadin g from Ledbury towards Gloucest .

ro n n r a o r om on o n o these, g wi g ea e ch the , have bec e c j i ed, b th by the amalgamation of their arms an d by a lateral j un ction at mf r n roo r s of s r s is 2 7ft . in r u the t. The la ge t the e t ee ci c e e ce

3 ft from roun an d is 3 6ft . roun the s at . the g d, d ba e ; the

i r ar from roun an d o ft. 3 n in ther is l i . gi th at a y d the g d, m s if 19f in r n s . o as t. circumfe e ce at the ba e The wh le THE ronn ' 3 4 sr AND GRACE or MALVERN. measured as on e tree (an d the in terval between the holes where the conn ectin g root j oins them is on ly is fu 4 8 n r mfer - ll ft . i ci cu en ce The an n exed wood c ut gives the a ran of t is di mous re n s of its ppea ce h dy t e, whe dive ted

a u foli ge . When these trees were plan ted I have been n able to

s r ain . Brownsen d m is 18ft. in r 3 ft. from a ce t The Li e gi th,

ro n the g u d.

In fi on the Pr or rm rn are s r l a eld i y Fa , Little Malve , eve a l r tr s of Tilia rand olia but t s do n ot on a ge ee g if , he e bel g

to for s m s v n r n n n t t er exactly e t ti e , ha i g ce tai ly bee pla ed ei h

on e of Pr ors of tt a rn or som of his la by the i Li le M lve , e y

u ss rs to Pr or an o rs of s s s s cce o the i y l ds. The fl we thi pecie are r r and s er in s n n ommon n an d the la ge weet ce t tha the c ki d,

ra s are mor n e s are n ot ar r th n pallid b ct e evide t. The l ave l ge a

os of T Euro wa but are o n en t and the th e . p , they d w y b ea h, tree better deserves the trivial n ame of gran diflora from its

ar r an d mor o orous o rs fu r s n o l l ge e d fl we , lly eali i g the p etica i dea that A murmur of the bee ll ’ ” Dwe s ever in the honey d lime above. M m m as . E a.

The Maple (Ac er c amp estre) is a very common tree on the

or rs of oo s an d o s ou i n b de w d c ppice ab t the Chace , as well as old ro s and ou o r e too fr u n t the hedge w , th gh p lla d d eq e ly by f rm r et as is but s dom n t r c u t o n it ma n ns a e , y it el e i ely d w , i tai a on f ou f n u n on stun e or ro es ue l g li e, th gh o te p tti g a t d g t q

- r n . is a s o row n r an d is r r to fin d appea a ce It l w g i g t ee, it a e an of on s ra e ul ou som tr s s an n s n y c ide bl b k, th gh e ee t di g i gly

m a o five un r ear old that I have et with must be b ve h d ed y s . The only tree about Han ley that c an he certainly referred to the time when the B eauchamps possessed Han ley Castle is a ma r s r n of s s s t e ple . But the la ge t vete a thi pecie tha I hav met s n s in fi at Po n ot far from m with ta d a eld wick the Te e, and ex hibits a very old decayed an d hollow hole from which a

oun er on e ro s tse f of on s era e s and s r n y g p ceed , i l c id bl ize, p eadi g

T hese measurements were made in 1839.

OLD HO O W DI YMO U S M P E Ac er c a m estre F E D LL D A L ( p ), IN A I L

NEAR T IE TEME AT Po I wre x . THE FOREST AND CHACE OF MALVERN. 3 5

on i ir of om in o s much bey d ts paren t . The g th the c b ed b le h near s s l4ft. is r r n as n the ba e exceed , which g eate tha bee

r ma i s ur ous old before ecorded of any En glish ple . Th c i tr is r r n i - n x ee ep ese ted n the wood c ut a n e ed . Others may be rem r e of r r s r of ou but are n ot u l in a k d g eate p ead b gh, eq a

nt u to s r o s or on of ro a iq ity thi t ee, the lde t p ti which p bably reaches to 7 00 years .

n o h r s o - ro in an d on - n ur n r st o ur A t e l w g w g l g e d i g t ee, ill cc in s rs in mo s r oo in and aroun h is g pa ely al t eve y w d d the C ace,

rv - r P rite torminalis o r s om the Se ice t ee ( y ) , which, h weve , eld

t n s an r s e an d r s n s au fu s n in at ai y la ge iz , p e e t a be ti l a pect whe

o r. mos s c ut o n i hin oo s but us fl we It tly get d w w t w d , at B h

i Po in orn n din to Madresfield H ll, wick, Black Hawth La e lea g , and a few o r n s o s som oo - s r s o ur the eglected p t , e g d ized t ee cc

sho o o rs an d - n o n ro n fru that w b th fl we the well k w b w it, which r o r i n equires to be kept a c n siderable time befo e it s eate .

’ n or s oo s u in r s of Po Withi My l d w d, it ated the pa i h wick, and n o t far from r n sfor our so from its n the B a d C t, called bei g

' oo of m n or o s to or s use an d so w d the a dev ted pecially the l d , existin g as a wood from the very earliest period to which t ou c an r r are som n u s of r e h ght eve t, e tall i divid al the Se vic , t e a s an d o s o in r e r h t lle t lde t that I kn w of Wo cest rshi e . The

of s tr s c an on u ss at s n n bu t age the e ee ly be g e ed while ta di g, the er - re ro s so s o ra an d es n S vice t e g w at l w a te, th e have bee so on ro n oo a it ou n ot l g p tected withi the w d, th t w ld be unreason able to refer their date to as early as the reign of

ar he rs Edw d t Fi t .

Ash F rax in us ex c elsior is e s r u re The ( ), a wid ly di t ib ted t e, an d by the side of brooks often puts on a scraggy appear

n e re t an d batteration m s mor a ce, d c pid wi h age by te pe t, e espec ially if perforated an d reduced to rottenn ess by the

h o ou r i of o o attac ks of t e m n str s cate p llar the g at m th . But scarcely any tree has a more majestic appearan ce or exten ds its boughs wider than the ash when left to grow with 3 6 THE FOREST AND a c n or MALVERN.

en suflic ieut space an d undisputed sovereignty . A Spl did

r t r in roun s e End n e r e ur t ee hat g ew the g d at H pe , a L db y,

is m nt on rr in his oun of a rn s e i ed by Ba et acc t the M lve Hill ,

u is in r r of the r s n n ur an d p bl hed the ea ly pa t p e e t ce t y,

when I measured it some years ago it was n early 4 oft.

n s os r n om en m of rou d the ba e cl e to the g ou d . S e e y the

fel One Dryads has caused this beautiful ash to be led .

mos as r ou n ot so re u r an d e - s re n al t la ge, th gh g la wid ly p adi g,

’ n o i in fi n r or s or am ton on I have t ced a eld ea C k Hill, F th p ,

os Y Es and r it sti s of or . us the e tate J eph ke, q , I t t that ll

exists . Though Forthampton is ou t of the exact bounds of

ern et ma sa to in vern Malv Chace, y it y be id be the Mal

oun r as an s e o had r of ommon c t y, the H ley Ca tl pe ple ight c

h r in for s m s an d m ns ons of t s ar e t e e the e t ti e , the di e i hi l g

ash tr are or r or os to the roun ere ee w th ec di ng. Cl e g d wh

r n d at roo s s e out was n r 3 6ft. rou an the t p ad it ea ly d,

om s ol as f . in . in rth . 3 ft. fr the ba e the h e w 22 t 2 gi

d its h radius of on s arm was 3 6ft. an The the l ge t , heig t

w as 9 lft n o of no o r ash o ar as t s. In . I k w the s l ge hi

Eldersfield ur r are som mons rous o r s s ch chy a d e t p lla d a he ,

f a n n o s i n n d 5ft . o e i o 3 oft . rou ts s o s a l which b ve d w lle ba e, i n rt a 3 . ash s some mes i gi h t ft from the groun d . The ti

mous or ou an d n o one or am ton didy d ble, I ticed at F th p

n er 2ft . between the twin holes ; but they often grow ear

n s an d n an nos u t on an o enin or tha thi , whe by i c la i p g

n dl - e e is form m k n o rou a ee e like y ed, a i g a h le th gh which

rson ma s u r is a rus su rst on a if pe y q eeze, the e tic pe iti th t m rr om n who n ot rto r o in a ro n a ied w e have hithe ej iced p ge y,

are anx ious for a youn g olive - bran ch sprin gin g up in their

ous o s r s s l r tifi ft r us n rou h eh ld , thei wi he wi l be g a ed a e p hi g th gh

in r a on r or as an old this orifice the ifted sh. I ly ec d this ” s n o r s ms to s n from ayi g, which, h weve , ee have de ce ded

ru d m s an d n who an r if she D i ical ti e , I k ew a lady at y ate

n ot n fi b the roc ess her r fi d a ter did be e t y p , had wishes g ati e f ma n ki g the experimen t. THE ronEsr AND om en or MALVEBN. 3 7

he A er AI/nus l/wtinosa mus of n ssi not T ld ( g ) t ece ty be iced, as its prevalen ce in the di strict is stated by all authors to have

n r s to n m of a rn Moel or Mal n tic give i e the a e M lve , bei g Cel

for bar moun in an d wem on for a e ta , the Celtic appellati the alder tree" Even now every stream that flows from the hills

tow r s rn is or r a r us s and a d the Seve b de ed by lde b he , the

co s s of il s un r c n s r of ppice at the ba e the h l , til the e e t p ead

l s and hous s aroun r l rn r ro vi la e d G eat Ma ve , we e c wded with

e rs. s r n too oft n o e l o lde Thi t ee, bei g e l pp d like the wi l w,

be om s mostl rf and di s ort so l rs of an c e y dwa t ed, that a de y

alt u or s r of ou are of r r o urr n ou as it de p ead b gh a e cc e ce, th gh it is an n ur n tr an d r an in and s e d i g ee will bea y hack g, decay

but s o the old s um s r m n roo si on l wly, t p that e ai by b k des

w m n i n n r s his s n mus of re hich a y a pat e t a gle take ta d, t be g at

age and belon g to forest times. But if allowed to grow

unmo s e a r om s n som r e and r s s to le t d the lde bec e a ha d e t e , i e a

c ons r o d r ide able height . I have bserve a ve y large didymous

a d r n r Pow two holes o nin n r s d l e ea ick, the j i g ea the ba e an

e om n o o but the di o ons r b c i g h ll w, y vide ab ve at a c ide able an form n r r m r r e s o gle, i g a ve y e a kable t e that I h uld estimate

600 rs old an d oss r er for an r at yea , p ibly a g eat age, alde will

as o om n hol r l t as lon g as any ak . The c bi ed es of this t ee

l7ft. in ir is r r n an r os exceed g th, which la ge tha y alde wh e s i r or r s ndro ize s ec ded by B iti h de logists.

The wor worn in Celtic si ni es ar and loom but was a lie to the d g fi d k g y, pp d and l l h Pen - werne alder as win in dull g oomy p ac es. Thus t e British name g , ai loc al writers ha e meant the ea of the al er given to brews ury , is s d by to v h d d

ro es as al ern was the are ill risin rom amon al ers. Kennet has g v , M v b h g f g d ‘ remar ed t at Ivm' ma or bernia the old name of relan was so c alle rom k , h , I ( I d), d f the alders wit w ic the islan a oun e vem s ni in an al er in the rish h h h d b d d, ig fy g d I in he n a . 4. Th i et wem a ears t e ialec t. P ar hial A u ities 68 e e t d ( oc miq , p p h pp m of a stream n Wor —the La—wem c ommonl ronoun c e I awrn - whi c h ear c ester , y p d f p is so profusely c rowded with alders on its banks an d even spreadi ng ac ross the stream t it i ro erl be c alle the al er roo . An old aut or , hat m ght very p p y d d b k h ill w i c i es the thus mentions the ancient appearanc e of the Malvern H s, h h g v m n i n exact definition of the original Celtic n ame fortun ately preservedfro a t e t a s In th w of the istric t of the Wic c ii w ere it is dmded rom d y e estern part d , h f the c oun t of Here or t ere exten s in a lon line rom out o nort , the y f d, h d , g , f s h t h t / t bet/n here and Malvern Hills ; thei r heads bein g naked and stoney , heir s des o ” there c overed with alder beds. THE rosasr AND om en or MALV 3 8 EBN.

i o s us n m s r er s i f W ll w m t have bee at all ti e a cha act i t c eature, s o n s r ms n rs h but s had wi g the t ea that i te ect the C ace, e pecially r m r as or r n the r r m its n rt rn bo n ar e a kable b de i g ive Te e, o he u d y, where they are very plentiful . The white willow (Sal/ix alba is mos un n r of is nus but from its j , the t ab da t t ee th ge , fr n ur r are n on of an r as are so agile at e the e e y g eat age, they

si u s win s an d s orms an d r oon d an ea ly p et by d t , ve y s ecay d

m a become hollow . By the Te e side nd alon g Leigh brook the

s n u r d ro s s W mo t si g la an g te que hapes appear. here these

n o l r r s ssum mons rous forms an d have bee p l a ded thei head a e t ,

m r s for n um ro beco e eceptacle e us epiphytes. Hollow willows

' are sometimes preserved and ren ewed by a root bein g dropt from o o n from o r i ab ve d w the cavity the p lla ded head, wh ch r n roun forms ful rum for old r an d n eachi g the g d a c the t ee, ew bran ches are developed from this scion which becomes at

‘ last a fresh growth when the old shell en tirely decays and

r s u . u sin u r n ro l forms o b eak p S ch g la de d ida , dead, h llow,

d s or o t ro n out fi' m an di t ted bel w, yet h wi g o their broken and shapeless tops above an array of living shoots with fresh green

s r s the s r on of an old n s st leave , ecal vivid de c ipti E gli h po as an d mori un r was to age b d t ee, that

Dry and dead. till cla wit reli ues of i r S d h q ts t ophies old, Lifting to heaven its aged hoary W ose oot on eart at o0t but ee le old h f h h h f b h , ’ ” And al disbowelld stan abo e the roun h f v g d.

One of the largest willows that I have n oted has its hollow

n o two r d i ol s s an s 16ft. 6in . r m b e plit i t pa t , gi th, with any

oun s oo s from to . hi s s n s Lau hern roo y g h t the p T ta d by g b k, ho old r is n o t to rm n but w the e da a dete i e . In a field near Bran sford Bridge there is a very curious case

of two w o s vin om n os u an ill w ha g bec e i c lated, d their arms thus united presented a very curious appearan ce at the time the

s was n r r s n e in the c ut ann ketch take ep e e t d exed . But

wi o s mor n an o er r ar so ll w , e tha y th t ee, e hacked and despoiled

AND CH CE F E THE FOREST A O MALV RN. 3 9

r f r r are s n n h r r n yea a te yea that they alway cha gi g t ei appea a ce ,

hi o st rous n s u s m of en n rus w le b i e wi d p et the , t givi g the tic the

n t of m orar r ross roo an d r n adva age a te p y b idge ac a b k, p ese t in g a picturesque sketch to the artist

’ W ere leans the moss willow al - wa o er h y h f y . On whic h the shepherd crawls astride to throw His an le c lear of wee s an d g , d vagrant flags ’ That c rowd the water s b

Such in stan ces come in the way of the wan derer at every

urs on . is mor ur ous r s to r the s exc i It e c i , pe hap , pe ceive eed

n r s often u on an old o r o and li g t ee that get p p lla ded will w,

is u s if n ot n u n its s ru o d p te vitality with it, at la t i d ci g de t cti n

fin l t n u o u if roo s of the al y aki g p the place it cc pied, the t

n ru r c an on r soil. n hawthom s s i t de ly each the Seedli g , yew , s mor s o s and r ous fru s n n s of n u on yca e , ak , va i te ce t pla t te get p

in of o r lo om n n t r fol the decay g head a p lla d wil w, c bi i g hei iage

h of r l o w an odd ff an d "so with t at the g ey wi l w ith e ect,

i an n deceivin g the eye at a little d st ce . I have oticed a large

R ha/mnus c athartic us ro n on o n r Po an d g wi g a will w ea wick, an oak of som s moun e on o ran sfor was e ize t d a will w at B d, that eviden tly breakin g up the hollow tree within which it had

l o s of r s are r r an d ro o e . n f t d Wi l w la ge ize a e, I have ot oun d l on e whose girth exceeded 7ft. A fine vigorous Salizc a lba n ow s n s n r rn o on r f ta d ea the Seve bel w Upt B idge, o

o ns r s an d ma n r im n n i c ide able ize, y attai la ge d e sio s f left u n touched in years to come .

orn Cratce us Ox ac antha in its n ur The Hawth ( g y ) , at al form as os - br n r of no r a ffe s a cl ely a ched t ee g e t height, a ct the s s of s or o n s and in a e the old o ide hill pe heathy place , g b le

the often becomes divided at base . The only part of the M alvern Hills where the hawthorn has established itself to an en is in ol o o o er y ext t the h l w ab ve the H ly Well, wh e the declivity is whitened in early summer by the fragran t blossoms

f m - orn s n s n n r o the ilk white th that ce t the eve i g gale, ve y

r i om s un n n hawth ms r o r rown p ett ly . S e t ted e ta gled o he e ve g m 4 0 son ar AND m ore or m vm .

' the n ur s ms of the Jun ermaunia taman with di gy p ple te g sci, as as moss s and o r ns mus of r a well e h a y liche , t be g eat ge — perhaps six or seven hun dred years but I c an only speak

r in of s ion of one orn run saw with ce ta ty the ect hawth t k that I ,

r num r mor an 3 00 rin s of nnua ro and whe e I be ed e th g a l g wth, the r r num r er of r r im nsions an his on g eate be w e la ge d e th t e. In the space at the j un ction of the road frdm Madresfield to

Po end of - w orn n r stoo wick, at the Black Ha th La e, the e d form r an wt orn o ons r s and a e for o e ly ha h f c ide able ize g , the h le w in — n f as 9ft. r r e im n s o or an gi th very la g d e i s hawthorn.

s m mor r has n f l d n d n ot e Thi e ial t ee bee e le , which it ee hav

n an d ak h in i oun o as n an ts e . n the bee , a y g bee pl ted plac O hill between the old Powick bridge an d Worcester there stood

’ ” n m mor an orn al e Pr n o n s tr withi e y aged th c l d i ce R bi ee, it bein g stated an d believed that at one of the first skirmishes

’ in rs of r s the rs s r n t Pr n e the Civil Wa Cha le Fi t eig , hat i c Rupert was station ed at or un der this tree when he directed

r h rou the Par m n r r an d for e the cha ge t at ted lia e ta y caval y, c d

r imm i r r n d i s orn mus v en thei c d ate et eat a fl ght. Thi th t ha e be of r for fin al ro wa and n o rem in s of g eat age, it ly tted a y, a it n ow r u on the s ot b ut not r n te orn appea p p , a he pla d hawth marks the site . There is a fin e the m of considerable size on the estate of

- r n far from r er ll s un Es . ot W . Wi i B d, q , at Uppe Wick, the iv

m Po i and t s re a un rs oo is m n on Te e at w ck, hi t e I h ve de t d e ti ed as a boun dary tree in writin gs of the property more than 200

ld was n ons r - s r an d ma years o . It the a c ide able ized t ee, y n ow be estimated as probably numberin g more than 600

In the n t of Kni htsford r d on em years. vici i y g B i ge, the T e, is a curious instan ce of the an astomiz ation of a maple and

orn o of ons r s and form n a om n d hawth , b th c ide able ize, i g c bi e mass of foliage .

r ous o t orn s ou the c un r Formerly there were va i h ly h ab t o t y,

of the a orn t oome ou r s mas and a variety h wth hat bl d ab t Ch i t , run E om en: or ALVERN FOR ST AND M . 4 1 was popularly said to c pen its blossoms only on old Christmas

os of s o orns i ar bu on . t e eve M t the e h ly th have d sappe ed, e is ti r o m r Farm n r on x ted ll a late pe i d at Red a ley , ea Act

u m som five or six m s n or of r rn an d Bea cha p, e ile th G eat Malve , thi s is said to have been the resort of hosts of coun try people

- on Christmas eve more than a quarter of a cen tury ago . The s fu o u n of f rm s out r e o n n pite l cc pa t the a at la t the t e d w , bei g

n no b is s of so m n ur ous rsons who om n a yed y the v it a y c i pe , c i g from various distanc es taxed his cider- barrel more than his churlish spirit approved"All these Christmas flowerin g th orns

r s to sc on s from or n r e resum to v we e aid be i the igi al t e , p ed ha e

f Ar m t s on fter e n n . os o ur b e pla ted by St J eph i a hea, at Gla t b y, a his n in fro n la d g m Palesti e .

' oun n - Ash P m auc u cwia is n ti tr but The M tai ( y p ) , a a ve ee, there is but a very scan ty spri nklin g of it in the c opses of the

c e ou h oun s mor in s rn oo s as in Cha , th g it ab d e the we te w d ,

ro e on . is re r s n s u fu m ss s of High G v , Math Th t e p e e t bea ti l a e c or m os in but n r n an r a i y b e flowers May, eve attai s y g e t s ze

r o extraordin ary age . The largest recorded in this district is ’ men tion ed in Nash s Worcestershire as growin g in the grounds

m n on of at Se rn End in n st r s . s s ve , Ha ley Ca le pa i h The di e i

th s r e are s s as 8ft. hi to ou s i t e tated by Na h gh the b gh ,

n d the irc umf n a c ere ce of the body at the height of 8ft. fro r m n loin . t o ou 8ft . e of r is u the g d , h height the t ee ab t

al s z ma n 4 8ft. An other of n early equ i e y be seen in the pla

ation E Ham our n r on t s of o n r in s . of J h Ma t , q , C t, ea Upt u p on The moun tain ash has been much plan ted about Malvern an d on the declivities above Malvern Wells. Another tree to be seen scattered generally sin gly in woods is the ir Bernie alba s n u s its s nd r B ch ( ) , di ti g i hed by le e

” See the ictures of Nature roun the al ern Hills &c . w ere the sub ect P d M v , , h j r d in ha e seen one of the hol t orns rowin in the h eate e upon more detail. I v y h g g kl h edge of a garden at Buc ey .

’ o 2 . 1 Nash s Worcest. lmder Hanley Castle, V l. , p. 559 4 2 m soarsr AND on es or m vm .

d n n r n s and smoo sil r r i o er epe de t b a che th ve y ba k, wh ch h wev

c r f r to n r becomes rugged and riven in age . I an e e o ve y

r on s but n r on u m o s r a la ge e , ea Act Bea cha p I have b e ved

ro on s n ntir of bit c hes som of hi ed g ve c si ti g e ely , e which ex bit

a ru d r no n an a e oin s ra un red gge ba k, de ti g g g g back eve l h d b rs . an r is is an or n ro an d as suc h yea At y ate th a igi al g ve,

- may have existe d in pro historic times. Severalplac es take their

d s n ti ons from r s as t n ro t n rc h e ig a bi che , Bi chi G ve, Bi chi Hall, Bi

oo 850 his tr o s on l om s mu form b W d, . T ee cca i al y bec e ch de ed y

n o u s on ts ran s oo i an ss m o f d le i b che , which l k l ke a e blage

’ r s n s s and r hus s r n l dis or s n s on bi d e t , a bi ch t t a ge y t ted ta d

rro ar . n r s o ur in oo s of the the Be w Hill, M tley Ma y t ee cc w d

not ui so o s r l as is ro r s n from Chace q te b e vab e th , p bably a i i g

som o s ru ion in r u on of the sa of r o r e b t ct the ci c lati p the t ee,

the attack of insects.

on rr Pru/nus aviwm is n ow foun d The comm wild Che y ( ) , scattered in a bushy form in most of the woods in an d abou t

a rn s l os of on o l an d M lve Chace, e pecia ly th e Math , C lwa l,

ra on ur n s r an d un u s on to m C dley, the Sil ia t ata, q e ti ably y knowledge the cherry has much in creased of late years in

oo s r o i is r o i l f so its w d whe e the c pp ce pe i d cal y elled, that

r in ri form - m a o m n f n flowe s Ap l a well arked d rn e t o the sce e .

If as s P n rr was n ot no n in al , tated by li y, the che y k w It y

un l n ro uc u ul us from Pon us os of th ti i t d ed by L c l , t , at the cl e e

t r a war C and rri om n Mi h id tic (B. . was ca ed by the R a s

n o r ta n n s r n ow s i l dis rs c an onl i t B i i , the thi t ee o w de y pe ed y

ons r d as n ur i and r ro s on s are be c ide e at al zed, ve y p bably the t e distributed about the coun try by birds from gardens an d

or r i i i n from th cha ds. That this s n o fan ciful dea s evide t e fact that a little coppice of cherry trees has been formed on

to of l m n s of n ur ou s rs ire the p the batt e e t Newla d ch ch, Gl ce te h , where only birds could have deposited the ston es from whic h

a m r f h n r m r as to they h ve sprung up . A si ila act as bee e a ked

ar n f rr i . lo nte the appe a ce o the che y n North America . M Ca THE FOREST AND CHACE OF MALVERN. 43 has s h en oods are c ut o n r tated t at wh beech w d w the e, that

o they are speedily replaced by cherry trees. He acc un ts for t s r m r f on su os on t rds who hi e a kable act the pp iti hat bi , eat the fru it di ma r sor e to oo s for it w h avi ty, y have e t d the w d s r an d r ro s on s r helte , the e d pped the t e , which eithe lay

orm n or rmin an d r m n in d minu s d a t, ge ated e ai ed a i tive tate un til the e s r c ut do n n n r be che we e w , whe they adva ced apidly,

r n n s of an d fin ally became the p i cipal occupa t the soil . Now if rr tr has us om n ur in m r the che y ee th bec e at alized A e ica,

n o its n ro u t on in mo rn im s is r n r i t which i t d c i de t e ce tai , the e is j ust groun d for the opinion that its extensive diffusion

rou uro ma r u d to s m us and th gh E pe y be att ib te the a e ca e, t ss r on of o r u ors it is of s ti c hat the a e ti the lde a th , that A ia * or n is orr . r ss ou n r s n in oo s igi , c ect Neve thele th gh i c ea i g w d as n ow o s if u om ns in r n the it d e , c ltivated by the R a B itai ,

r s of os s ould soon o oni s an d r for its bi d th e day w c l e it, the e e first in troduction amon g our in digenous trees must have been

l a n if man y centuries ago . The cherry wil att i a large size

nmo t in its of ro an d r m m r r u les ed place g wth, I e e be a ve y tall and fin e tree that stood on the emin ence above the quarry of

udlo ro o om of Pur - u n . o L w ck, at the b tt lie la e The b le

of s r was ou l0ft . in r an d its r n thi t ee ab t gi th, with b a ches dr o n m was ru an ornm n of o fro s n . pi g age, t ly ad e t the ce e It w as too utifu to s fi' om s ro n to i bea l e cape the de t yi g axe, wh ch

um som im ft r 1852 as was n in i t succ bed e t e a e , it the existen ce .

ommon Elm Uhave c am estris or subcrosa The c p ) , though at presen t a promin ent feature observable in the h - ro s of all m n oun s of n n is c er edge w the idla d c tie E gla d,

inl an n ro u r as is n fi' om its so s om ta y i t d ced t ee, evide t eld

ro u n r n s s in s oun r an d r for p d ci g ipe ed eed thi c t y, it the e e sp reads an d is perpetuated by scions proceedin g from the

” See The orest ree of ritain h v C A ohn F T s B , by t e Re . . . J s, where this and ot er trees eniz i l h , d ens or nat ves of Britain, are popular y described. 44 run FOREST AND GRACE or MALVERN.

r om ns n enduring roots. It seems p obable that the R a whe

s in r n n ro uc is r e from an d establi hed B itai i t d ed th t e Italy, the

mmon l on elm rs to r h' om the tin co appe lati , appea be de ived La

m W n r n ro u has n e s f on r Ul us. he eve i t d ced, it exte d d it el w de

fu in ro s ur n r rt of the l s lly hedge w , while d i g the ea ly pa a t ’ n s century it was most exte ively planted in avenues. In

m n c ases so us om m ommon to n an elm a y , al , the c t beca e c pla t

n ar f rm- ous s or in s ec e s ots an d us is si gly ne a h e el t d p , th it that solitary elms are now found scattered about in various

s " old r ollo and s rred us f in n u place , 1 , ba e, h w, ca , j ti y g the la g age

t r the r ost has l to a r r n tre of hat Cla e, ru al p , app ied eve e d e this sort ’ ’ H e Elm wit rifte trun all n h d and scarr ug h d k otc d. ’ Like to a warrior s destiny.

An old elm an swering to this description stands close to a

farm- house on the road from Upton - ou - Sevem to Little

rn an d ou mi and f from the form r Malve , ab t a le a hal e town .

is r swo en ol o and a t r forms ran Th t ee, ll , h l w, b t e ed, a g d mass of foliage worthy the pencil of an artist as a picturesque o ou n n o ru n s a s n n i bject, th gh getti g i t a i ed t te, yet e di g ts mo h to s r n s n o air. is o o an p t b a che igh i t It h ll w, d as n ot

un usu h old ms s o n ou s i al wit el , w lle ab t the ba e, wh ch adds to its ar n m ni m s r app e t ag tude . It ea u es at a yard from the

s n r 3 f r mf r n t. in f ba e ea ly 0 ci cu e e ce . Not ar from this spot is a ” s r di on l Pa r a ro ite t a ti ally cal ed the lace, whe e w s p bably 9. hun tin g seat of on e of the lords own in g the Chace in old

t m s. lms a an r n n to an d oft n i e E h ve ea ly te de cy decay, e look

o r n h r are an d n as is fr u n t the s lde tha t ey eally , whe , eq e ly ca e,

’ In the Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists Field Club for t ere is an ela orate an d most in terestin a er Dr. Ball of Here or on The h b g p p by , f d, ” l i o and the learne oc tor has Em Tree n Heref rdshire, d d c ertainly with ex traordinary ains made out a case for his a ourite tree w ic owe er c uriousl en ou he p f v , h h, h v , y gh, ” sa s old h in Here ords ire c all the Worc ester Elm t us en otin he y m p f h . h d g, ” sa s m of c i iliz ation c ame rom t is irec io Dr t at the strea t n . ull onl y , h v f h d . B y ’ depic ts one elm now existing at Holme Lac y as larger in girth than the Bernard s r i aran c e is muc less im osin t th r G een Elm, but ts appe h p g han e latte tree . “ E r al lante in c lum s oc c asionall on w lms we e so p d p y, aste lan d, as the ” Har our Elms at ortham ton so c alle rom a ormer but now isuse rac tice b , F p , d f f d d p i of forming festal harbours under trees at Whitsunt de.

’ ’ TE E FR IAR s Emu Ulmus mberosa O N BAR NAR n s G R EEN EAR ), , N

V G R EAT MAL ER N .

To fac e a e p g 45. THE FOREST AND CHACE OF MALVERN. 4 5

swo n and nn ou ir s s or re lle we y ab t the ba e , bleached whe the

r has n str off ome fri f an smic ba k bee ipped , they bec ght t ph ta

o bjects.

’ ’ Ber ard s r n or FRIAR s ELM is an old r a The n G ee , , pa ti lly

o o and r ur s u - oo in tr now stan n on h ll w, ve y pict e q e l k g ee, di g the side of the common by the road from Great Malvern to

Rh d It o - the y d an d Upton . s r ots exten d spoke like some

s n roun elm is s o n an d em s - red di ta ce d the , which w lle t pe t batte , but s r s n ts or a s as the oo n ra in it till p e e a pict i l a pect, w d e g v g on o o n n m sures the pp site page will re der fully evide t. It ea

4 5ft. m the ro n 8it. fro u s an d 25ft. in r d the ba e, gi th at

r - g oun d . To this win ter battered tree the lines of Cowper may be well applied

Time hath made me hollow, and a cave For owls to roost in t

’ Embowell(1 now, and of thy antient self ’ Possessing nought but the sc oop d rind that ” A huge throat calling to the clouds for drink.

’ As thi s elm on Barn ard 8 Green has been preserved with

on our as m mor l if n ot os tr and is s i l h a e ia a g pel ee, t l

onoure an n scri on ed amon its r n c s it h d with i pti plac g b a he , is probable that an tien t as it looks an d battered an d hollow as is it was an as mu as ree un red e rs a o it , pl ted ch th h d y a g , for assuredly its appearanc e has been muc h the same for the

- l s lf en ur an d er s for o one . s c o a t ha c t y , p hap a wh le Thi m

u t on oul us to som m in l6th ntur p ta i w d take e ti e the ce y,

'

efore disafiorestation of os . few rs sin e b the the Cha A yea c , as r m n n t for for the s ruc t on of I have hea d, a a date we th de t i th n e a n of the c ommon but ms - r is a ti n t inh bita t , the Ha D yad of the tree influen ced a n eighbourin g gen tleman to con test

the o n an d n of s ns urr to r s u . p i t, a ba d ylva h ied the e c e By n e oc iation s n n c of d t was r rse an d r g the e te e ea h eve d, a t eaty ratifi ed securin g to the old elm its life in terest in the green

mm n it so on s o e su e onl to ui co o had l g had w d, bj ct y a q t ren t to the merciless win ds . The elms are generally lopped THE ORES AND GRACE OF 4 6 F T MALVERN.

too mu in or s rs ir so o ch W ce te h e, that they bec me tall an d

n an d oft n s r n s o n ou r s la ky, e t a gely w lle ab t thei base , while when the loppin g process is too long con tinued they become

an d is or i r s of for s c nfla black d t ted, l ke elic a e t o gration

’ For u antastic orms narld Old and h f f , g , , g ” um dthe Heath- ha orm in t at Ass g f h dim Edge.

n l of s s r on of oo s A e m thi de c ipti , which I t k a ketch some

rs a o s oo in fi Powi n ot far from the m yea g , t d a eld at ck, Te e , pu tting on the grotesque aspect depicted in the ann exed wood — c ut. o n s s m n u s to su e r n s re The l ppi g y te i d ce ch app a a ce ba ,

r an d mon s rous. n ow r n in hagga d, t O ce h eve pla ted a hedge,

the elm ro u s s ons from the roo o r ma b p d ce ci t, h weve it y e

lo and n on t ou in rf an d form pped hacked, livi g h gh a dwa de ed

us to f our for v nu s but fr r state . It ed be a av ite a e e , the ag an t flowers of the lime and its quicker growth ren der the latter

r rr as an nu r more to be p efe ed ave e t ee. By brook sides a few specimens of the in digen ous Black

o ubus ni m ma met t r and re Poplar (P p g ) , y be wi h he e the ,

ar o i elm an d r s r - oo n bu t simil ly l pped, l ke the , ve y c aggy l ki g ;

s old r t s o rs are r dual is rin and the the e B i i h p pla g a ly d appea g,

n o r now so mu n s h r e Italia black p pla , ch pla ted, take t ei plac , known by the masses of mistletoe that very soon load its

r n s hi n o m s l o r rs on n di n s b a che , w le i t et e eve appea the i ge ou

s is r ums n i n in m i poplars. Thi a ci c ta ce ev de t a ult tude of

om r Po ars r ro k f places. S e ve y tall Black pl whe e c s have or

m n rs m r on r n s s s an on s rn a y yea ade thei c g egated e t , t d the we te

or r n Of rn at r and r ight ba k the Seve , the Uppe Lowe Lodes

O os t s ur but s are n r s u f pp ite o Tewke b y, the e pla ted t ee , tho gh o

considerable age . There are other treesand shrubs formin g the underwood an d

ou su as o oo Cam n ui bushes ab t the Chace, ch D gw d ( us sa g nea z Cori bus avella/na n dl - tr Em ) , Ha el ( g/ j , Spi e ee ( ymus

Em' o wus Buc kthom Rhwmnus c atharticus o Prun p ) , ( ) , Sl e ( es

- s inosa. u ld r ros Vibwmmn Lantc na and O u u p ) G e e e p l s) , R ELM Ulmus s ube rosa m F E BATTER ED POLLA D ), A I LD

' HE TEM E Ar Pow i c k , NEAR T .

a e 46 To fac e p g .

' AND R CE or MAL TEE rOREsr G A VERN. 4 7

as n on f s n an r s an d c . but o are t o & , e the e attai y g eat ize, o

n t n an e n a e i often c ut dow o attai y xte ded g , deta led remarks

r s to I H are un n ss r . v edem Helix ece a y With e pect y ( ) ,

o r o as its ro n r a rs n h weve , l wly g wth ge e ally ppea , yet whe it

o s firm o u on r ssum s an r or s n d e get h ld p a t ee, it a e a b e ce t

run om s mos as r as the r ou t k, which bec e al t la ge t ee ab t

has s r i - which the treacherous ivy p ead ts sn ake like arms. I have n oticed trees which the ivy has completely invested

and o r o r m kin n u s rm i ve p we ed, a g i divid al that pe itted ts first advan ces quite subsidiary to its own growth and spread of

’ h n r u m fron s n . An as r s our de ce ce t ee ea Bea cha p C t, I have

no i as us r ums n an d in Pur i u - n t ced th ci c ta ced, the yew l e la e,

din o on is so n n to r lea g t Math , e twi ed the ve y extremity of its bran ches that it has become almost as much an ivy tree

in sts - as a y ew . The ivy that ve the Ivy scar rock on the

or h Hll mus from n m n to it N t i , t the a e give have been there for cen turies ; while in still more secluded spots like the wood in s os ur ro m n r Kni htsford r d ve ted R eb y ck by the Te e, ea g B i ge, there are broad ivy stems that have quietly in creased their

u u for m n n uri s an d ma im r r mo h ge b lk a y ce t e , y cla a ve y e te

anti qu ity only to be guessed at.

r is o r on e om s tr the r Sam The e , h weve , d e ticated ee, Elde (

bu ni m s r s n o as from som us n cus g ), that de e ve tice, e ca e dati g

fro old m s has n n n r lmos r om m ti e , it bee pla ted ea a t eve y h e

s in oun r an d of n in ur rds n r tead the c t y, te ch chya ea the yew,

and us Shaks eare has u to and om th p all ded it, the s ewhat unpleasan t scen t of its leaves

The stin in El er—rief k g d g .

is usion s o s has ot n o ur r s bu Th all h w why it g i t ch chya d , t its various medicin al properties caused it to be n ourished

n r ous s for as or s s s in hi s is or of orn ea h e , B la e ay H t y C wall,

m d n use of its s r r s is r r in i the e ici al eve al pa t ext ao d ary, ts

s u s ossoms rr s oo an d r leave , b d , bl , be ie , pith, w d, ba k, have more virtues than c an possibly have room here withbut 4 3 THE FOREST AND OEAOE or MALVEBN.

en tering in to too mi nute detail. It must have been an

du on n o r in and som ro e o r early in tro cti i t B ita , e p t ctive p we

s o n d to h c us r appear t have bee attache it, w ich a ed the elde

n r n in form r tim s ose to ous s an d to be ge e ally pla ted e e cl h e ,

of i n er is in the custom is h gh a tiquity . That the eld yet some degree considered a safeguard to those who live n ear

its s or was so on s r in n ot r r mo tim s to hade, c ide ed ve y e te e ,

on r r At c m s s appears from what a c t ibuto to the hen w ay , writing as late as 1846 The virtues of the elder tree

' in preservin g men an d cattle fi om witches is well kn own . In Devon shire farmers put a green twig of it in the staples

of ir s a oors us to e out unn tur in the t ble d , th ke p all a al ” r e r in o d n m s re re was mo trude s. Wh the l e ti e the ally re

d mo c nfluen c or in or n resen or e nia al i e at w k the w ld tha at p t,

it was on ma n SO st was en r l l some ly i gi ed , ill it g e al y be ieved that malign an t influen ce was ever ready to assail a man at every

turn oo an d i ou onl be r d so m he t k, wh ch c ld y ave te by e

n r n As n s d r e on en en cou te ac ti g remedy. pla t an t e s lay c v i tly

’ at n or ou be m to ro r on s r s o d ha d, c ld ade g w at eve y e th e h l , they were c alled in to do the best they c ould again st the m n . was r s to on s f si and if e e y It pe hap well be the a e de, spiritual foes c an really be kept at bay by a plan t or a

s it ma ri to use the u s ac ordin or tick, y be ght c dgel c gly,

m r r has have the at han d fo that purpose . As the elde

e n so on u r n of ous s of ours r are b e l g the g a dia h e , c e the e many fine flowerin g as well as Old decayed trees dispersed o r the oun r an d n o s as to se er old r s ve c t y, I have te v al t ee ,

bu t n r r an r m r l ulk ou on they eve each y e a kab e b , th gh l g

nd in o o an in s e and so survi in e uring a h ll w d decay g tat , v g

om r ma n ma on s d r more for cen turies. S e e i that y be c i e ed

t n 500 rs Old but s are n r ous s and it is ha yea , the e all ea h e , ver un ommon in oo s an d on r ro b y c w d , c veyed the e p bably y

r s us as one has n us lan ed on th o of bi d , j t bee th p t e t wer

t o n Cas le M rto Church .

THE ORES AND GRA E OF AL 50 F T C M VERN.

On e of the fin est pear orchards in the Malvern di strict is that

n o n as the A LAN PEAR O CHA D s of the k w B R D R R , by the ide

ro n Po an d ewland num r n mor n ad betwee wick N , be i g e tha “ ” se n l r s an d hi in ar as is ve ty ta l t ee , w ch a hit ye , it called,

has ro u two n r o s f rr * r has p d ced hu d ed h g heads o pe y. He e

n r or r o n ur and oo n bee a celeb ated cha d ab ve a ce t y, l ki g at the

si of r s old as are n ow is ro h ze the t ee , they , it p bable that t ey

n in s n ou 250 rs and r or b n have bee exi te ce ab t yea , thei gl y ei g

n ow s ma n ro u ti on a an pa t, it y be, I thi k, a p bable calc la th t

or r l r out n 800 rs If hi s so r cha d wi l wea withi yea " t be , the e

c an few r r s n ow s n n o r n hi s mor be pea t ee ta di g lde tha t , the e

n n or r s n n r r ess in ful a cie t cha d havi g bee eplaced. Neve thel l maturity the pear tree almost rivals the oak in majestic

s an d ru n ss of r ou n ot n n a pect gged e ba k, th gh attai i g the

n bulk or spread of boughs of the ki g of the forest. Many gran d an d lofty pear trees might be referred to besides those

of the ar n r r for m n t on e an d met B la d O cha d be e e i d, I have

l he 4 an d 1 . in r m t with several ft. 5ft gi th at a yard fro

roun and t es ou dou ess as mu as 250 rs g d, h e w ld be btl ch yea l r es r tr foun an a oun of o d. The la g t pea ee that I have d y cc t

” T is woul be a ro ta le ro uc e for a armer if a hit oc c ured e er ear h d p fi b p d f v y y , as t is is an ex ce tion al c ase ears li e o s are a er aria l c ro and at h p , p k h p v y v b e I ve been informed that in an ungenial flowering year this same orc hard only nee t ree o s ea s w ic is a wi e ere I w d h h g h d , h h d diff nc e . t is also Obvious that hen ” hit oc c urs the ric e of err woul be muc re uc e rom the lut in the a , p p y d h d d f g et w ile c as s woul he l h In suc mark , h k d wanted to ho d t e superabun dant drink. h overflowing years I have been told that a large tub filled with c ider or perry has ’ been plac ed in a farmer s fold- yard open to all c omers to imbibe any quantity they pl ” r. omas An rew Kni t i that M Th d gh states in his Pomona Herefordiens s, e Barlan d Pear appears to have been exten sively c ultivated in Herefordshire ’ and probabl in Worc estershire also)prior to the public ation of Evelyn s Pomona ' 4 in wgleh it is ver fre uentl m nti n n r are 167 , q y e o ed, and as o t ees of this variety ou in ec a rom a e yn a oura le soils it must be c onc lu e t at the i entic al f nd d y f g , f v b , d d h d ” t w ic were rowin w en E l n is rees h h g h ve y wrote stillremain in health and ur. Th w enn e in 1811 an su osin the m as p d , pp g Barland Orc hard to have been p anted so e th es w time prior to 1674, e tre ould n ow have been in existenc e more than 200 years, t e now a e t and as h y ppear ag d, hey c an sc arc ely be expec ted to last another hun dred

- e s ro ta le ruit earin trees. Kni ht u inal y ars a p fi b f b g Mr. g f rther says that the orig tree rew in a el c alle the Ba/re Land s w en c e the ariet O taine its name g fi d d , h v y b d . in th Of os ur and was lown own a f w ea - P om. e h B b y, b d e y rs ago. Knight, "" ” Her under I . The Bar land P ear d . V I . E THE FOREST AND C ACE or MALVERN. 51

n is one that stood on a piece of land give by the Hon . and

n i . or Rushout o s few rs s to u Rev Ge ge B wle , a yea i ce, b ld

n ur n on or ous u on . i s is s d the Te b y U i W kh e p Th , it tate ,

was 22ft. in r r n to of t ft. an d gi th, eachi g the height ,

i n r 100 its boughs exten ded over a circu t of ea ly yards . A pear tree in an orchard n ear Madresfield has a hole of n f r i m n a in e r 18 t. in t an d f r to s m a ly gi h, pe itted ta d y a

r n n r few yea s equ al the dimensio s of the Te bu y tree .

or ar s are n ot so n ur n as t os of r Apple ch d e d i g h e the pea , on e reason of which may be that they are more liable to the “ ” at f ful m s o and in t m from n tacks o the bale i tlet e, i e, eglect,

ut on r ru fu oo ou r for s r or ar s p a ve y e l l k, th gh the He e d hi e ch d

r m * a r so is mu suffe ost in this respect. The pple t ee al ch mor to u s o s rous a s " and in mos e liable be p et by b i te g le , 1 al t every orchard some trees will be foun d thus thrown up on their knees or f root u n ff r n f rm r , hal ed p , while the i di e e t a e suff rs m o r m n in s an d on n t s so u . e the e ai thi tate, they c ti e The apple tree n ever reaches the height or bulk of the

r ou o s in s ur s t on Old pea , th gh I have b erved pa t e at Ma h

r s o o and ur ous or uous in ir o s apple t ee h ll w c i ly t t the b le ,

“ - l Loo er- o in En lan and Wale vc See he otanica ut s 8 . u nder J t B k g d , , e annay , h d in W 1 ac c oun t of t e mistletoe, an the trees orc estershire and the adjac ent e o had i c ounties on whic h it has be n f un d. I an dea that exc ept existing in ” exc ess the mistletoe was not in urious to the trees on w ic it x es itsel and , j h h fi f, w ere a us e en s at the extremit of a ran c as it o ten oes u on lac h b h d p d y b h, f d p b k l i c ann ot d muc arm But in o c ar s it ou tle pop ars, t o h h . r h d d b ss in c reases too muc h for the oo of the trees and Pro essor uc man in a a er on the su ec t has g d , f B k p p bj in timate t at its e fec t is to stimulate the sa SO t at a le trees will ear earlier d h f p , h pp b an d bec ome in a state of decrepitude sooner with mistletoe u n them than without W r rom rstition or c ar lessnes the l r o Here or it . et e eu e s a e o c ards f ds ire h h f , pp f h fl‘ l tl d i espec ially are su ere to bear oads of mis etoe, an t may be well for the n egligent farmer that Christmas demands an en ormous sup ly of the mirth h m r ins irin lan . ull as al os exha te the isto t p g p t. Dr B t us d h y of e mis letoe in the

Transac tions of the Woolhope Club.

ierc e win s rom the west or sout - west are o ten estructi e to orc ar s F d , f h , f d v h d , and most apple orc hards have trees in them leaning from the blustering weather ‘ ( uarter but t ou the a le is the reatest sufl erer the ear i n x m l ; h gh p g , p tree s ot e e pt,

or w n n ortham ton in the winter of 1 - f he I was reside t at p 838 39, a hurric ane upset five ear trees in an orc ar in m oc c u ation estro in m o e of ruit for the p h d y p , d y g y h p f n ext season d he l oile an n rl , an t same b ast desp d d ea y ruined the anc ient y ew in

Forthamp ton c hurc hyard. 52 THE FOREST AND CHACE OF HALVERN.

os i u m ossi r e on 3 00 * wh e ant q ity ight p bly each b y d years. Orchard plan tations have doubtless much in creased sinc e the

' dis ion of ac an d now s e n in f aflorestat the Ch e ; , e p cially whe ull

o in the s rin e m a u eous f tur in fl wer p g, th y ake bea t ea e the lan dsc ape that cannot fail to excite the admiration of every

o tl has sai observer. As C t e d

But the n earer prospect of flowerin g trees is undoubtedly the

mos urin i in u umn red red as t all g, wh le a t the apple,

n n sk res nts a ur rmin as to the eve i g y , p e pict e cha g well

r r d spectator as the gatherer an d g ower of the fruits. Cide an perry is n ow the common drink of the farm labourer in

or s rshir and r for s re w r was in the W ce te e He e d hi , hateve it

o n s of or s an d at r s im r is no s in lde day the F e t, ha ve t t e the e t t

of im of our r to his s u e o n or it, the cla each lab e tip lat d d ze

mor u rts er di m n n r bu t to if e q a p e bei g eve abated, added

oss moun of rin ommon so ll a p ible . The a t d k, c ly ca ed, th t is r and rr onsum d in r u on r i uor cide pe y, c e a yea p a la ge l q

ro u n f rm is r to r dite . f rm r r s din p d ci g a , ha dly be c e d A a e e i g

on the or rs of r for shir and ro s r s of b de He e d e Sh p hi e, the ta te

ose es ro u n o in summ r of 1868 o wh b t p d ce I e j yed the e , t ld me that in a good year he made fully 800 hogsheads of liquor

from his or rds and r r r was n cha , the g eate pa t co sumed by

his o r and fam lab u ers ily .

br poets.

8 08 8707 ” e m u o As th long oss p n e apple tree. THE ORE F ST AND CHACE OF ALV M ERN. 53

It be obs r e ved ou or r s of and r that th gh the cha d apple pea 1low so ens l ext ively occupying the former waste ands of i t; 6 h ’ C ace, are all ra ted tr s an d so of m n s ' ’ g f ee , a I Odue P uon or u ti on ed ca , o r (P m mains" an yet b th the c ab y , d thfi ‘ ommon c r P rus om un es are n ow to pea ( y c m ), be fouu s d cattered h r ' e e and there i n almost every wood ; but 1t 3 hOlfld x be n o e the t d letter 18 se om foun m o ri n s a t the ld d a fl we g t te, and while th e ar fru of r is ommon nou m t it the c ab c e gh, a ured Wi d l pears se om or n r O s r e . Mr. l i s, how ' e ld eve b e v d A l e ever An tc ( g. Worc ester m n ons s o fr call ), e ti a p t at Al ick, ed Thorn P r CO ic e from n um rous orn wild ea pp , the e th y r r c pea t ee . Wi i n i t I h th . ave bv n o means enumerated all the old an d cumone don droidal forms of t r an d ro s u r s m 1, ba te ed g te q e t ee that ight be found in secluded spots within the limits of the an cien t Chace of rn for su ou n ot be si Malve , the bject c ld ea ly

st in an d as rs ro l on o r r s n ot ed detail, yea l the t ee at

n t r r m r ro r ss n in o r ns ve y e a kable, will be p g e i g t vete a the study an d examin ation of lovers of woodlan d scen ery

rs to om s v r or ma n yea c e . Tho e I ha e ec ded y the be

om ared m n s on s n ow ss n m or if p with the di e i a ig ed the ,

or they Shall have passed away here will be their mem ial .

n is r ro r ss n an d r ma ou Cha ge eve p g e i g, whateve y be th ght

of s of s n o s ndin n s the age the pa t, twith ta g the thi g that

pseudo - in terpreters of prophecy may say as to the day of “ oom on si r o and d , I c de that this great gl be all that it " n r - or r su ssors i n ot di sso u so i he it, thei cce , w ll lve q ite

soon as r r to su s an d the w ite s alluded have gge ted, that ages to come may be safely coun ted on when various obj ects n ow comparatively juvenile will have passed in to the

a or of a e To our su ssors n of c teg y g . cce , the , the legacy

o s r on an d r or is u a d to m r and set o n b e vati ec d beq e the , a k d w

h is ur ous in t e r as don r for r m . w at c i h i day, e he e thei exa ple The history of the settlemen t of the Chace from the 54 THE FOREST AND CHACE OF MALVERN. m earliest Forest times to the presen t day might for the

of an n er s n r but c an r s n on subject i t e ti g pape , at p e e t ly be

C i f in was buri glan ced at. Who were the people whose h e ta ed on s m hir on an d os rud the u mit of the Worcesters e Beac , wh e e earthen ware c up was foun d with hi bones by the ordn an ce

‘ sur ors som few rs a o F o " ns r c an n to vey e yea g , a we be give

s u s ion an d on n o l r ons of os thi q e t , we ly k w tha , the B it p t “ Roman o times were chased from the M alvem coun try into n m Wales by the Saxons under Kin g Athelstan . The ca e di s on of or s nto ris s the vi i the F e t i pa he , small churches by the Saxon than es who Obtained gran ts of certain portions for r r ou to r labou e s w ld have be e ected, of Gloucester became seated at Hanl r n rs an d or m n ou etai e , w k e w ld have

Assert with ho uses for their families.

n for s an d ommo on for withi the e t, acc dati as as o n r u r and r well xe eq i ed, by deg e to some degree of freedom as cultivation the rights of common arose to those who O held on ly of the lord and did him suit an d Going on at the same time were ecclesiastical an d as for no v n an r ou n ot ma be e ticed, e e Ea l c ld ke a boun dary to his hun ting grounds without license from the

r Pr r n r chu ch . io s Obtai ed gran ts of lan d to suppo t their

s s m n s and on n s us O ne men un r e tabli h e t , the la d th btai d de various n ames would have to be placed to do rural work

As uture en uir ma be ma e as to t is anc ient ritis c u an d the on f q y y d h B h p, b es amon w ic it was oun it ma be wellto re er to the etaile acc ount i en in g h h f d, y f d d g v ’ ” r a ez Allies s ritis oman an d Saxon i ui ie o Wor M . J b B h, R , Ant q t s f cestershire,

- vo . w ere t ere is an ac c urate en ra in o h It ll 8 , pp 165 6 , h h g v g f t e cup . sti remains in m ossession but the ra men tar ones oun wit the c u w ic had y p f g y b f d h p, h h en u to c re tion and were un ou te l uman w en be s bjec ted ma , d b d y h , ere trusted to Dr. n n o al ern to ta for x i Grin drod, of Tow se d H use, M v , ke e h bition to London , and the oc tor a in as he s ates mislai the ones t e are at resent isunite rom d h v g, t , d b , h y d d f the c u w ic t e O ht n ot to be . Shaks eare or exec utors cause a p, h h h y p d enun tion o b enne a ain st n on mo in h n d c ia t e p g a y e v is bo es, and perhaps Caradoc , or w ate er riton it was who was lai to rest on fir eac on ma u h v B d e B , y some day rise p to rec laim the relics w ic h r un h h t e doc to has warily stowed away. E THE FOREST AND GRACE OF MALV RN. 55 an d r n ore m in ro s an d r s be r to s . gathe the c p , ba e ected t the

M o r ro r ors n ar mills r n for e p p iet at le gth appe ed, we e wa ted

ri n di n orn an d r n r s to s o in an d us o u on g g c , g a a ie t w it , th p p lati

in c r s an d r a n r s r n on us . An ea ed, ce t i ight we e gai ed by l g age i rr egular period must have followed the confiscation of the W arwick property un der semblan ce of law to the Crown ; an d n o doubt in the interval between the acquisition of the

ha r an d the s of the r s of C os by Hen y VII . ale ight the

C ro n r s I . sor s of l a n o n on w by Cha le , all t pi l ge had bee g i g , s u rs ha ot u on s so an d ommon r q atte d g p the wa te il, c e s had

us n w m ade havoc with the timber. Th whe the Chace as

ro os to be n os o u ion r s n suffi n p p ed e cl ed, a p p lat had a i e cie t ” t o make a riot ; and to quiet the coun try thus roused in to re l on in ou n om n or of so of be li , the K g, th gh i ally l d the il

the o r to r n u s two - h r s to wh le Chace, yet ag eed eli q i h t i d the

r r n so on un r c ommon e s. The dee that had bee l g de the

o ni n of for s ers an d erdurers r n no c g za ce the e t v , we e the

dou un o n an d l or if an lin r on in bt h ted d w ki led, y ge ed

h z o s s or f rn o o s oul soon foun out a el c p e e y h ll w , they w d be d ,

the n i our oo ui rous and e ghb h d be q ckly ed,

m This day a stag ust die, would be uttered by all the lusty yeomen an d commoners that by the soun d of the yet unforgotten horn could be assembled together for a sport soon to be en tirely don e away with in the

' an c aitifl ro rs m the orns Chac e . Or perch ce p wle ight spy h

of som r ro ru n from hi of r m s an d e ha t p t di g a t cket b a ble , watchin g the place slaughter the poor animal as the dusk

of n n set in r a n ou to l ir u rr hou eve i g , e dy e gh ki l the q a y, t gh n ot with the moralisin g humanity of the ducal hun ter in

of r n as n m aks eare the Forest A de , i ti ated by Sh p

n Come, shallwe go and kill us veniso 1 And et it ir s me the c or da le ools y k , pp d f , Being native burghers 0 this desert c ity, Shoul in t eir own c on n es wit or e arrows d h fi , h f k d , ’ ” Ha e t r v heir round haunc hes go d. THE 56 FOREST AND GRACE OF MALVERN.

ur n ss an d un s m s of v ars n D i g the lawle ettled ti e the Ci il W , whe

o s s an d P r m n r n s on en e t ot r R yali t a lia e ta ia c t d d wi h each he ,

r r ro the rms the last of the dee we e doubtless dest yed . By te

’ of the decree by which Malvern Chace was disaflorested (and

onfirm of P r i m n i 6th of r s the c ed by Act a l a e t, Cha le “ “ other two - thirds that the Kin g gave up was to be for ever left open an d fi ne for the commoners to take their

ommon of s ur an d ommon of s o rs t r n as fore c pa t e, c e t ve he ei , be

n us om an d n m n or s of m n ors they had bee acc t ed ; that o ea l d a ,

or o r fr o rs s ou n os an r of s m the eeh lde , h ld e cl e y pa t the a e,

or f l an oo s or r s ro n r on r the el y w d t ee g wi g the e , whe eby

n m r ss commo s ight be hin dered of their estovers . Neve thele thi s provision as to reserved woods an d trees was so little

n d to os of s n ur and to a atte ed , that at the cl e the la t ce t y,

on s r n f er nn n o r s n c ide able exte t a t the begi i g f the p e e t, it might truly have been said

“ A vast and na e lain extends to view k d p , ’ W ere r h t ees una d i n past a es row, g— g The green retreat of wood nymphs but eac h ’ Lon sinc e has ie e h w e g y ld d to t e oodman s strok .

For Hanley Castle parish was en closed un der a Special

n osur an d l n an d on on sin n E cl e Act, Wel a d L gd have ce take “ d n of n r n osur so n a va tage the Ge e al E cl e Act, that the aked ” plain of the past forest times has become somethin g lik e a

’ surveyor s map by the n umerous fields in to which it has been divided. But in depen den t of this legal enclosure of

Chaos s s em r hm n t h n ac in the , y t atic en c oac e s ave take pl e modern times certainly n ot in accordance with the letter

an d s r of r hi th was di saffor s pi it the dec ee by w ch e Chace e ted , an d inimical to the rights of the common ers in gen eral

on en for m s n r n o had they c t ded the , i ce by the dec ee mean lords of man ors or other freeholders should enclose

' an r of s m or f an oo s or r es ro n y pa t the a e, ell y w d t e g wi g “ thereon It is on ly in gen eral terms that mean lords o f m nors are m n on an d n one are r o n is as n a e ti ed, ec g ed havi g

' 58 THE FOREST AND GR ACE OF MAL VERN. — — hhmhn E EES &c . n the oun of 3 m. LIM TR , Si ce acc t the Brown send an d other Lime trees at Bromsberrow was

s n r ss I r r fr m B to t o Rev . . P e t p e , have eceived a let e the .

LL the ss uou s and or hon . s c r t r o rn HI , a id w thy e e a y t the Malve

u in ns r to m n uiri s as to re s but Field Cl b, a we y i q e the t e , n o r s ifi n form on is in s s I ve y pec c i ati atta able . He ay

n u r d of r one i to l me b t nn o have i q i e eve y l kely te l , u ca t get any information as to when or by whom the various Lime

trees were plan ted. I have heard they were planted as mile

from or - s en d of romsb rro to n posts the N th Ea t B e w Newe t.

Certainly a tree is standin g at the North - East boun dary of

roms rro few rs a o was in n r B be w, which a yea g the ope o ad (it

r m h s tre to is now en closed . ) F o t i e the Brownsan d Lime is

’ ou mi an d from Brown sen d to n o s the ab t a le, the Ha c ck ,

' ksmi r r is lso lim tr is ou no r blac th s, whe e the e a a e ee, ab t a the

’ rom n o s to on lim r mi mile . F Ha c ck the Ryt e t ee a le further on is m r and from n to n is bou four mi s a ked, the ce Newe t a t le , an d in this interval two trees are n ow wantin g ; but a mile

for r n n r is no r lim r s i s be e eachi g Newe t the e a the e t ee, t ll tan d

to form r s oo at o m in . One is s lso o r n g aid a have e ly t d B tt G ee , " o from n is of mile - tr i tw miles Newe t. Th idea ees s a very

oo one ou I am n ot a r r s has b en g d , th gh wa e whe e el e it e fo lo but r shou no r m mbr n n or l wed, that the e ld be e e a ce whe by whom thi s plan tin g of lime trees to mark the distan ce to r i r r n Mr h l r ur s str . . i furt r t e trave le occ ed, athe a ge H ll he s a es fi in hi r n os u a im s t t , that the eld w ch the g eat i c l ted l e s n r vious m n t on an d of i oo - c ut is n ta d, p e ly e i ed, wh ch a w d give , is in r s of roms rro and on n to m n the pa i h B be w, bel gi g O s a

ar o Es . of roms rro ourt so as s r Ric d , q , B be w C ; that the e la ge limes must have been planted by some former possessor of

roms rrow s ms ro a the m - r o B be , it ee p b ble that ile trees we e als d s n s m o r of r or e ig ed by the a e l ve a b iculture . Had former rectors of Bromsberrow written the n atural history of their

r s li of orn of pa i h ke White Selb e, the date the planting of these T E or MAL THE FORES AND GRAC VERN. 59

im r m n n n as o r ur ous l e t ees ight have bee k ow , as well the c i

m ers l as is on ure c an on m o . Sir att , whi e it c ject ly be e pl yed “ ” m s m in his n is ora n m s r n Ja e S ith, E gl h Fl , i ti ate that the F e ch adopted the lime for orn amen tal plantati ons in the reign of ”

ouis "IV . n rall om os s s s nu s L It ge e y c p e , he ay , the ave e about the residen ces of the Fren ch as well as English gen try of an d n on in onformit to is s or s that date, Fe el , c y th ta te, dec ate

' so with fiowery lime trees his en chanted Isle of Calyp .

l m must o s r is f s - ro in r an d The i e, it be b e ved, a a t g w g t ee,

r for ins r e siz mu ui r n an oak or the e e atta a la g e ch q cke tha ,

l for lim - r n in m in even an e m. The taste e t ee pla t g ca e

n d Bro n send im if n in lli m . a w with Wi a III , the l e, pla ted

hi r n nno be uit 00 rs old. r r re s s eig , ca t q e 2 yea The la ge t e at Bromsberrow that have in osculated are probably of o r but r l r lm r in S i z r n n o n lde date, a ve y a ge i e t ee w t e la d, k w to n an fter the t of or n ot mu have bee pl ted a ba tle M at, does ch exceed an age of four centuries. The mere siz e of a tree in depen den t of its con stitution an d the soil an d aspec t

r it ro s is no es of its and I n whe e g w t t age, have k own elms of great siz e when examin ed by their annual rings of growth to be much younger than they were supposed

I v x min f r s of n r o to be . ha e e a ed elled yew t ee a ce tu y ld that

r n foo in am r hil lm we e less tha a t di ete , w e e s an d limes of s m oul mor n dou the a e age w d be e tha ble that bulk . Great mistakes may therefore be made as to the age of trees un less a section c an be obtained of either the tree itself or one approximately of the same size and appearan ce in a

sim r so . But o o r s of r s and a e n o ila il h ll w t ee g eat ize g , k wn

r as oun r or os r s and eithe b da y g pel t ee , thus remembered from n r on to n r ion som f m r n m ge e ati ge e at by e a ilia a e, there

c an n o m s ou . s s n the oun be i take ab t The e ee by y g, an d

is ours ou old in m mor an d d c ed ab t by the , dwell the e y, carry the mind back to former times and customs that have passed

un r s of rs an d s l away h d ed yea , til the eye of the presen t THE ORES AND GRACE O 62 F T F MALVERN.

us was ur ro r for in r . ss n B hley, ch ch p pe ty be e K g Edwa d I a ig ed

r s of l rn to r r r s the Fo e t Ma ve Ea l Gilbe t de Cla e . The tate men t of Hemin gus shows the superstitious devotion then

ommonl r tis to n sur as was ou s f c y p ac ed e e, it th ght, a a e

n in rn I positio the ete al world . n the reign of William the

on u ror n n ro r or who ro C q e , a k ightly la ded p p iet , p bably for his military services had obtain ed a gran t of Pendock from the

ro n for his n m is s to n N x C w , a e aid have bee ormannus or

Norman off r his n s in P n o hi r to , e ed la d e d ck, w ch appea have

’ om r s o r s f r c p i ed the wh le pa i h, at the altar o St. Ma y s in

or s r to ether with his son to s r r W ce te , g , e ve God pe petually H in mon astic disciplin e . emin gus says that Pen dock had

form r n in oss ss on of mon s r but n e ly bee p e i the a te y, had bee

n and Norman n om oss ss of f take away, havi g bec e p e ed it, elt

it his duty to restore it. “ — MANOR OF GREAT MALVERN . Dr. Nash has asserted

was in oss ss on of rown u n that while the Chace p e i the C , Q ee Elizabeth made a gran t of the Man or of Great Malvern to Sir

om s rom n e or of n n os r r s n ti ve Th a B ley, Cha c ll E gla d, wh e ep e e ta

so to om s or ol ou 17 4 0 and m ld it Th a , L d F ey, ab t ; Lady E ily ” i n f the or Foley s the prese t Lady o Man . But in the decree

of di s ffor s tion n o r s r on is m of an m nor a e ta , e e vati ade y a ial

ms an d r in w s n of the clai , the ight the a te la d Chace which by

the of r s . was n r to n os r s s e Act Cha le II eve be e cl ed, e t with th

freeholders and commoners generally . With regard to the represen tations of remarkable trees

n n all r full r n on oo deli eated, they have bee ca e y d aw the w d from or n f it fu s s an d in is m fi' iend Prof ssor igi al a h l ketche , th y e

u m n form r of o r u ur o n ow of B ck a ( e ly the R yal Ag ic lt al C llege,

- n h m r f the u r for s ors an d a on . m o B ad d Abba , D et, e be Cl b), ever zealous in the cause of every departmen t of Natural

is or has in and ffi n t n me his om . H t y, k dly e cie ly give welc e aid

woxc E e R

2 - w RCESTER. PRINTED BY R on . AND DAREE. HERALD om en, 7 , men s arm , WO L L AL FINA DENDRO OGIC NOTE.

Lan ded proprietors an d oc c upiers of lan d are so c on tin u ally fellin g imber or hac kin P ollard trees that the arboreal features of a t , g , c o n r ar han in an d sometimes woods are en tirel u t y are every ye c g g, y T it is ha old memorial trees that had c on tin u d grubbed u p . hus t t e la - r moved from the sc en an d memor is l n d marks for ages are e e, y eft at fault Two of the trees de ic te d in this a er the old Elm at . p p p , W B P o wic k an d the c on oin ed illows at ran sford have been destro ed . , j , y Willow in deed u less redu c ed to st m s have little c han c e of a s, , n u p , rotr d x isten c e bein so easil u set b furiou s ales of p ac te e , g y p y g win d an i A le trees in orc hards ha d thi s is also the c ase w th pp , t t are often thrown on their kn e es an d seldom main tain a lon life tho u h u p g , g some old n ative Crabs un valued an d un c ared for ma be fou n d in , , y sec lu d ed sp ots.

The Yew an d the Oak take the first ran k as lon - en du rin trees g g , an d the Holl ma e ual them in lon e vit thou h n o v er lar y y q g y , g y ge on es o ur in l ood M an old Ma les x i s c c the Ma vern w s . y p e t in the Malvern c oun tr for it is a tree seldom felle d thou h hac ked in y, , g ollard u lin ss b th arm r ithout remo e The W t h E p g e y e f e w rs . y c lm when u nlo e is a b au iful e an d if u n moleste d would main pp d e t tre , tain its p osition for c en turies ; bu t by hac kin g a mon strou s head is roduc e d an d h i l u Bu f if in h d ero t is at ast s . r p , t e e g w p et t ew ve y old Ash tre es remain in the Chac e for the Ash more than an other , y tree is attac ked b borin in sec ts an d thus b ec omes in a rotten state y g , , d di s an e .

It is deservin g of n otic e that on the ban k s of man y of the streams that water the c ou ntr on c e in c lu ded in the Malvern Chac e ther ar y , e e old battere d P ollard trees of the in digen ous Blac k P oplar (Pop ulus n i ra whic h seems to be worn ou t as n o oun trees are an where g ), , y g y a aren t thou h he Italian Bla k P o lar flourishes pp , g t c p wherev er it is l V p an ted . ery few trees of the Servic e (Py ru s tormina his) n ow remain of an siz e an d its rowth is so slo that thou h it oc c urs s ari n l y , g w g p g y in most of the woods the t e s a r len der et when of on si e r e re ve y s , y c d r able a e it is a han dsome tree an d its n umerou s white c or mbose g , y flowers are v e orn am n ry e tal.

The Syc amore bein g a late in trodu c tion has n o v ery large tre es to h B o s ow , an d n either the eec h r the Hom beam are n ative to Malvern Chac e o an f Wor hir r y p art o c esters e . A u u st 18 . g , 77