DOCSLIB.ORG

Passive House Alliance Lessons Learned on Solar Hot Water Heating

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Passive House Alliance Lessons Learned on Solar Hot Water Heating Image Courtesy of Harvestar Better Buildings By Design 2013 Building the Renewable Energy Ready Home Solar Thermal Lessons Learned and Results Doug Merrill, Sunward Systems Doug Merrill • 20 + years of manufacturing experience – General Electric – Husky Injection Molding – Consulting, Teaching • 5 Years of Solar Hot Water experience – Consulting (supply chain) – Monitoring development – Principal in Sunward Systems Solar Hot Water System Advantages • Reduces need for electricity or fossil fuel • Saves money • Easy to integrate Comparison of Energy Standards DHW Heating is Typically Second Highest Building Load Why Solar Hot Water ? • Saves money…a good investment – ROI is good for most any fuel • Propane 9% • Oil 7% • Electricity 7% • Gas 3% – Few alternatives in New England • Heat pump & geothermal economics not great • Wood is good, but labor intensive in the summer Solar Hot Water Siting • Building Compromises: Collector orientation – Collectors facing true South are ideal • Fall-off in production is gradual…up to 45 from South OK • Makes ‘tracking’ unnecessary – Collector ‘tilt’ is also a gradual falloff…nominal is angle=latitude • Steeper is better (up to 5-10 degrees) • Helps boost production in winter • Assists in snow shedding – Shading • Partial shading OK- do analysis! • Small feature shading (sticks, power lines) not a factor • Want at least 5-6 hours of direct sunlight a day • For new home sites…consider the landscaping choices and how they will look in 10 years Roof Design Considerations • Orientation & pitch determine if roof is viable • 50-80 square feet of space • Check ‘border’ around collectors for fire access • No penetrations or features within space • Design for 6 lbs/ft2 more than code • Access to attic makes installation easier • Slate & ceramic roofs are a challenge! Integrating a SHW System • Ground mount options – Usually lower, so watch for shading – Tubing & wiring run in trenches – Easier to service & clear snow – Typically more flexible, slightly more expensive Integrating a SHW System • Integration with backup DHW system – SHW acts as a ‘pre-heater’ – Not cost-effective to produce 100% solar in New England • Fuel agnostic…works with gas, oil, electricity • Functions most effectively with storage type heater • Indirect fired systems are much less efficient than their ratings (due to summer cycling) Mechanical Integration • Integrated tank/heater/heat exchangers available, but force many compromises – Lower efficiency (less storage, mixing) – Higher lifetime costs – Less space required • Review total rise of system versus pump spec’s • Mixing valve is necessary – Preferably on the output of the backup system – This is consistent with current building codes in most places Minimize DHW Load! • Insulate hot water piping throughout the home • Minimize hot water piping run length • Install low flow shower heads and aerators Water & Space Heating Readiness • Much larger collector footprint required – (roughly 10% of heated area) • Radiant heating with high thermal mass ideal • Maximize passive heating to minimize solar collection system needs • Must address summer heat over-production – Mechanically – Physically – Heat Dump Benefits of building Solar-Ready • Cost to contractor/homeowner minimal ~$150 • Some design compromises may be required • System effectiveness far higher • Installation cost savings about $600 • Builder can finish home before customer makes final installation decision Lessons Learned: Performance Data • 500+ Systems sold • A dozen monitored • Two case studies…. – Low use passive home – High use passive home Lessons Learned – Case Study • Home occupied 2011 • Typically 2 residents • Low hot water usage – 38 gallons per day Passive House Solar Hot Water Data FoundOctober Heat Solar Hot Water Production 2012 - Low Load Home ExchangerOutput Well 800,000 PluggedUnder100% 90% 700,000 Expectation 80% 600,000 70% 500,000 60% 400,000 50% 40% 300,000 30% 200,000 20% 100,000 10% - 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec DHW BTU SHW BTU % from Solar Passive House Solar Hot Water • Low Load Home Conclusions – 70% of the 2012 DHW energy needs have come from solar 2012 HotElectrical Water Electricity Cost Bills $70.00 $35.00 $60.00$30.00 $50.00$25.00 $40.00$20.00 $30.00$15.00 $20.00$10.00 $5.00 $10.00 $0.00 $0.00 Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec With SHW Without SHW •• ComparedWhat about toa home an identical with a higher home DHW with Load? no SHW Passive Home SHW Study #2 • 250’ South of home #1 • SHW system installed in July 2012 • Monitoring installed in August 2012 – Data is fresh! • 3-5 Residents • Very high DHW use – 100 Gallons/Day Passive Home SHW Study #2 Daily DHW Energy Usage Sept 2012 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 9/6 9/7 9/8 9/9 9/10 9/11 9/12 9/13 9/14 9/15 9/16 9/17 9/18 9/19 9/20 9/21 9/22 9/23 9/24 9/25 9/26 9/27 9/28 9/29 9/30 DHW BTU SHW BTU • 81% of DHW energy from solar – (Compares with 86% on low use home) • 2X Energy produced (45KBTU per day!) Passive Home SHW Study #2 Electric Cost $100.00 $90.00 SHW System Installed $80.00 $70.00 $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $- Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 • Savings of $40 - $70 per month Questions ? .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Net Energy Analysis of a Solar Combi System with Seasonal Thermal Energy Store
    Net energy analysis of a solar combi system with Seasonal Thermal Energy Store Colclough, S., & McGrath, T. (2015). Net energy analysis of a solar combi system with Seasonal Thermal Energy Store. Applied Energy, 147, 611-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.088 Published in: Applied Energy Document Version: Peer reviewed version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © Elsevier 2015. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits distribution and reproduction for non-commercial purposes, provided the author and source are cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:29. Sep. 2021 Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Applied Energy Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: Title: Net Energy analysis of a Solar Combi System with Seasonal Thermal Energy Store Article Type: Original Paper Keywords: Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage; STES; Passive House; Life Cycle Analysis; Net Energy Ratio Corresponding Author: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation Strategies in Passive House Design
    On a Path to Zero Energy Construction: Passive House & Building Workshop Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation Strategies in Passive House Design John Semmelhack www.think-little.com AGENDA o HVAC goals o Heating, Cooling, Dehumidification o Ventilation o Single-family, mixed-humid climate focus HVAC GOALS o We don’t build buildings in order to save energy o Our first job is to provide comfort! o Indoor Air Quality – first, do no harm HEAT – COOL – DEHU AGENDA o PHIUS heating + cooling load standards o Load calculations o Equipment selection o Supplemental dehumidification? o Duct design PHIUS HEATING + COOLING METRICS PHIUS HEATING + COOLING METRICS For a 2,500ft2 house: 10,000 Btu/hr heating load 12,250 Btu/hr cooling load “1-ton” LOAD CALCULATIONS* Why do we do load calcs? * aka “Peak loads” or “Design Loads” LOAD CALCULATIONS Why do we do load calcs? Prior to selecting equipment, we need to know how much heat we need to add or remove in order to maintain comfort during peak/design conditions. We’d like to pick equipment that’s neither too small (bad comfort) nor too big (higher cost and bad comfort) ……but just right! LOAD CALCULATIONS Three loads: 1. Heating 2. Sensible cooling 3. Latent cooling (aka dehumidification) LOAD CALCULATIONS Three loads: 1. Heating 2. Sensible cooling 3. Latent cooling LOAD CALCULATION METHODS Manual J o Room-by-room or block load o Typically uses 1% and 99% ASHRAE design temperatures o Incorporates solar and internal gains for cooling, but not for heating o Thermal mass/lag is accounted for in solar gains.
    [Show full text]
  • Passive House 101
    PASSIVE HOUSE 101 An Introduction t o Passive Buildings & D e s i g n AGENDA What is Passive House Passive House Standards & Metrics Design Principles and Features Case Studies and Lessons Learned Can You Find the Passive House? Can You Find the Passive House? Passive House Passive House is a performance-based building certification that focuses on the dramatic reduction of energy use for space heating and cooling Passive House achieves: ● Dramatic reduction in overall energy use ● Dramatic reduction in carbon emissions ● Proven improvement in air quality, health, and occupant comfort ● Greater building durability ● Resilience to major weather events ● Lower operating costs ● Pathway to net-zero Goal: 90% reduction in heating and cooling loads comparted to a typical building Goal: 60-70% reduction in Typical Residential Passive House overall energy use Building comparted to typical buildings Measured Performance: 30-45% less carbon emissions than MA stretch code buildings Source: New Ecology Air Quality, Health, and Comfort Continuous ventilation of filtered air Increased use of non-toxic materials Consistent comfortable room temps Elimination of air drafts Increased natural lighting Quieter acoustic conditions Durability & Resilience Shelter in Place Maintain consistent indoor temps during extreme weather and power outages Durable & Long Lasting Construction Resists mold, rot, pests & water intrusion Passive Not Active Lower reliance on mechanical systems Passive House Examples Rocksbury House Placetailor Design/Build 33.2 EUI Wayland
    [Show full text]
  • Moisture Conditions in Passive House Wall Constructions
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 78 ( 2015 ) 219 – 224 6th International Building Physics Conference, IBPC 2015 Moisture conditions in passive house wall constructions Lars Gullbrekkena*, Stig Gevingb, Berit Timea, Inger Andresena aSINTEF Buiding and Infrastructure, Trondheim, Norway bNTNU, Norwegian University of Science and technology, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering , Trondheim, Norway Abstract Buildings for the future, i.e zero emission buildings and passive houses, will need well insulated building envelopes, which includes increased insulation thicknesses for roof, wall and floor constructions. Increased insulation thicknesses may cause an increase in moisture levels and thereby increased risk of mold growth. There is need for increased knowledge about moisture levels in wood constructions of well insulated houses, to ensure robust and moisture safe solutions. Monitoring of wood moisture levels and temperatures have been performed in wall- and roof constructions of 4 passive houses in three different locations representing different climate conditions in Norway. © 20152015 The The Authors. Authors. Published Published by byElsevier Elsevier Ltd. Ltd This. is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (Peerhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/-review under responsibility of the CENTRO). CONGRESSI INTERNAZIONALE SRL. Peer-review under responsibility of the CENTRO CONGRESSI INTERNAZIONALE SRL Keywords: Wood fram wall, moisture, mould growth, 1. Introduction Buildings that are designed to meet the high energy performance requirement of the future, require well insulated building envelopes, with increased thicknesses of roof, wall and floor structures. Increased insulation thicknesses in the external structure could lead to increased moisture level and thus increased risk of mold growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Passive House Standard: Heating a Home with a Hair Dryer
    Passive Houses – “Homes you can Heat with a Hair Dryer.” For City of Portland ReTHINK Education Series 2009 By Tad Everhart - [email protected] – 503 239-8961 This is not the Time for “Incrementalism.” With potentially catastrophic climate change, severe economic decline, need for green collar jobs, and increasing energy prices, we need to build carbon-neutral buildings, not buildings that are merely x% “better than code.” After all, a code building is the worst building you can legally build. Why base our standard on the worst building? Passive House is an Approach that starts with Conservation and a Standard based on Science and Technology. Passive House starts from the premise that we must reduce energy use in buildings as far as possible. It recognizes that generally speaking, conserving energy and using it efficiently is less expensive than producing energy. It optimizes the building to the heating source as far as is technically and economically feasible. You can design and build a Passive House for no more than a 10% increase in costs---a cost quickly repaid. If we all lived in houses meeting the Passive House standard, we could lower our energy use to sustainable levels. And as technology progresses, we can raise the standards. Let’s Radically Reduce Building Energy Use: 90% below Conventional Buildings. At this level of efficiency, we can eliminate the conventional heating or air conditioning systems. This offsets any extra costs in building an energy-efficient envelope. Passive House Europe has 15,000 Passive Houses. The European Parliament adopted a resolution to make Passive House the mandatory building energy code for member nations starting 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Combisystems
    Method and comparison of advanced storage concepts A Report of IEA Solar Heating and Cooling programme - Task 32 “Advanced storage concepts for solar and low energy buildings” Report A4 of Subtask A December 2007 Jean-Christophe Hadorn Thomas Letz Michel Haller Method and comparison of advanced storage concepts Jean-Christophe Hadorn, BASE Consultants SA, Geneva, Switzerland Thomas Letz INES Education, Le Bourget du Lac, France Contribution on method: Michel Haller Institute of Thermal Engineering Div. Solar Energy and Thermal Building Simulation Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 25 B, A-8010 Graz A technical report of Subtask A BASE CONSULTANTS SA 8 rue du Nant CP 6268 CH - 1211 Genève INES - Education Parc Technologique de Savoie Technolac 50 avenue du Léman BP 258 F - 73 375 LE BOURGET DU LAC Cedex 3 Executive Summary This report presents the criteria that Task 32 has used to evaluate and compare several storage concepts part of a solar combisystem and a comparison of storage solutions in a system. Criteria have been selected based on relevance and simplicity. When values can not be assessed for storage techniques to new to be fully developped, we used more qualitative data. Comparing systems is always a very hard task. Boundary conditions and all paramaters must be comparable. This is very difficult to achieve when 9 analysts work around the world on similar systems but with different storage units. This report is an attempt of a comparison. Main generic results that we can draw with some confidency from the inter comparison of systems are: - The drain back principle increases thermal performances because it does not use of a heat exchanger in the solar loop and increases therefore the efficiency of the solar collector.
    [Show full text]
  • Calculating Design Heating Loads for Superinsulated Buildings
    Technology Solutions for New and Existing Homes Building America Case Study Calculating Design Heating Loads for Superinsulated Buildings Ithaca, New York Superinsulated homes offer many benefits, including improved comfort, PROJECT INFORMATION reduced exterior noise, lower energy costs, and the ability to withstand power Project Name: Third Residential and fuel outages under much more comfortable conditions than a typical home. EcoVillage Experience (TREE) The tighter building envelope reduces the heating and cooling loads, requiring Location: Ithaca, NY much smaller heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment than for a Partners: conventional home. Sizing the mechanical system to these much lower loads Builder: AquaZephyr, LLC reduces first costs and the size of the distribution system. Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings, carb-swa.com Although these homes aren’t necessarily constructed with extra mass in the form of concrete floors and walls, the increase in insulation of the building Building Component: Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning envelope results in high thermal inertia that makes the building less sensitive to drastic temperature swings and decreases the peak heating load demand. Alter- Application: New and/or retrofit; single- family and/or multifamily native methods for calculating heating loads that take this inertia into account Year tested: 2014 (along with solar and internal gains) result in smaller and more appropriate design loads than those calculated using Manual J version 8 (MJ8). Climate zones: Cold (5–8) During the winter of 2013–2014, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Building PERFORMANCE DATA America team Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings (CARB) moni- Accuracy of Sizing Method: tored the energy use of three homes in the EcoVillage community in climate PHPP method: 30%–37% higher than zone 6 to evaluate the accuracy of two different mechanical system sizing actual design loads methods for low-load homes.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Testing of Solar Combi System with Compact Long Term PCM Heat Storage
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 05, 2021 Laboratory Testing of Solar Combi System with Compact Long Term PCM Heat Storage Johansen, Jakob Berg; Englmair, Gerald; Dannemand, Mark; Kong, Weiqiang; Fan, Jianhua; Dragsted, Janne; Perers, Bengt; Furbo, Simon Published in: Energy Procedia Link to article, DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.06.230 Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Johansen, J. B., Englmair, G., Dannemand, M., Kong, W., Fan, J., Dragsted, J., Perers, B., & Furbo, S. (2016). Laboratory Testing of Solar Combi System with Compact Long Term PCM Heat Storage. In Energy Procedia (Vol. 91, pp. 330-337). Energy Procedia https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.06.230 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 91 ( 2016 ) 330 – 337 SHC 2015, International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry Laboratory testing of solar combi system with compact long term PCM heat storage Jakob Berg Johansena*, Gerald Englmaira, Mark Dannemanda, Weiqiang Konga, Jianhua Fana, Janne Dragsteda, Bengt Perersa, Simon Furboa aTechnical University of Denmark, Department of Civil Engineering, Nordvej 119, DK 2800, Kgs.
    [Show full text]
  • Concept of Near-Autonomous Passive House
    MIDDLE POMERANIAN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska Volume 21. Year 2019 ISSN 1506-218X 1551-1566 Concept of Near-Autonomous Passive House Marek Ogryzek*, Mateusz Ciski University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland *corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] 1. Introduction The definition of passive house was created in 1988 by Wolfgang Feist (the founder of the Passive House Institute). According to Feist, passive house is a building with extremely low energy requirements for interior heating (15 kWh/m2 per year), for which thermal comfort can be achieved solely through passive heat sources (e.g. residents, electrical appliances, solar heat, heat recov- ered from ventilation) and by post-heating or post-cooling of the fresh air mass, which is required to achieve sufficient indoor air quality conditions – without the need for active heating system (Feist 1988). The definition above is just the basis for what a passive house is – it’s not a trademark or brand name, but an idea, a construction concept. A building standard that is truly energy efficient, comfortable, affordable and ecological at the same time. Research and development of passive housing is led by The Passive House Institute (ger. Passivhaus Institut). The Institute's tasks include setting standards and assigning certificates to passive houses. In order to obtain a certificate, the building must meet a number of criteria for energy consumption. The basis is to obtain the aforemen- tioned energy demand for heating the interior of the building at 15 kWh/m2 per year, Which corresponds to the consumption of 1.5 l of fuel oil per square meter per year.
    [Show full text]
  • Active for More Comfort: the Passive House
    iPHA – The International Passive House Association Active for more comfort: The global Passive House network for energy efficiency in construction iPHA works to promote the Passive House Passive House Standard and foster a greater public under- standing of its significance. comfortable affordable Information for property developers, contractors and clients sustainable Encouraging the global exchange of Passive House knowledge, iPHA communicates with the media, the general public and the entire range of construction professionals. comfortable © Peter Aaron / OTTO affordable Reap the benefits of iPHA membership: • Passipedia, the wiki-based Passive House resource sustainable • The iPHA forum, a dynamic platform for exchange • Presentation in the iPHA member database Be part of the energy revolution • Newsletters detailing Passive House developments • Discounts on Passive House Institute services and events Join iPHA today! • An array of expert material www.passivehouse-international.org presented by Company information ACTIVE FOR MORE COMFORT: PASSIVE HOUSE Third edition 2018 available online at Foreword www.passivehouse-international.org Print run: 5,000 The Passive House Standard continues to go from strength to strength, with more Publisher components, professionals and buildings becoming certified, the standard is now more International Passive House Association (iPHA) accessible and economical than ever before. The standard, which was developed over Rheinstraße 44 | 46 25 years ago, has spread to over 40 countries. The scientific principles
    [Show full text]
  • Chifley Passive House: Two Years of Performance Data Harley Truong1 and Andrew Garvie2 November 2016
    Chifley Passive House: Two years of performance data Harley Truong1 and Andrew Garvie2 November 2016 1H3Space, www.h3space.com.au, [email protected] BEng, BSc (Mathematics), Certified Passive House Designer 2 [email protected] BSc Honours (Physics), PhD (Physics) Abstract Three years ago, the first wave of certified Passive House residences were built in Australia. Half of these houses were built in Canberra where the climate has long cold winters and dry hot summers, the ideal place for high performance buildings. This paper focuses on one certified Passive House in Canberra and presents two years of collected performance data. It reinforces the notion that Passive House principles are universally applicable, in particular to non-European climates. It also adds to the growing body of knowledge of what works in the Australian context and what doesn't. The solar-passive attributes of the house like thermal mass and cross flow ventilation were assets. Temperature and humidity data show the indoor environment stayed mostly within comfortable ranges despite needing virtually no heating in winter and no cooling in summer. Indoor air quality data show the effectiveness of the mechanical ventilation and heat recovery (MVHR) system in moderating CO2 and moisture levels even with the windows closed. The overall energy use of the house was 64% less than other similar households and the actual energy use was 13% better than predicted, thus cementing Passive House as the premier comfort and energy efficiency standard. 1. Background Despite there being six certified Passive Houses in Australia, there is still little performance data on them.
    [Show full text]
  • Passive House
    GmbH © YOON-BOUM, CHO YOON-BOUM, © Active for more comfort: Passive House Dienstleistung Information for property developers, contractors and clients Passivhaus and 2014 Passive House Award Institute A celebration of architecture, inspired by Passive House. Over 100 examples of outstanding architecture from across R the globe entered this 2nd Passive House Award. House The winning projects are featured in this brochure. Passive © presented by Company information ACTIVE FOR MORE COMFORT: PASSIVE HOUSE Second edition 2014 iPHA – The International available online at Foreword GmbH www.passivehouse-international.org Print run: 5,000 Passive House has established itself as the internationally acknowledged standard for Passive House Association energy efficient architecture. Its potential has not only been recognised in Germany, where Publisher it was originally developed; thousands of Passive House buildings have been built International Passive House Association throughout Europe, with an increasing number worldwide in places ranging from North Rheinstraße 44 | 46 America to the Far East. The reason for this success is simple: the Passive House Standard 64283 Darmstadt | Germany is clearly defined and it works for all building types in all climate zones. At the same time, Tel.: +49 (0) 6151 82699-33 it provides a solution for the sustainable use of natural resources. Research has shown the Fax: +49 (0) 6151 82699-34 energy consumption for heating and cooling in Passive House buildings to be roughly Dienstleistung The global Passive House [email protected] 80 percent lower than in conventional buildings. www.passivehouse-international.org network for energy efficiency Passive House offers a realistic option for cost-effective structures that provide high levels in construction Copyright of comfort while using very little energy for heating and cooling.
    [Show full text]