Appropriate Use of Antipsychotics in What is all the fuss? Antipsychotics • First produced in 50’s for • Later also used for: - other psychiatric disorders - behaviours related to dementia

Typical Atypical • haloperidol (Haldol) • risperiodone (Risperdal) • chlorpromazine(Largactil) • quetiapine (Seroquel) • trifluoperphenazine (Stelazine) • olanzapine (Zyprexa) • aripiprazole (Abilify) Appropriate Use of Antipsychotics

Confirmed diagnosis: • Schizophrenia, Huntington’s Chorea • Major refractory depression, bipolar, , some anxiety and personality disorders • Distressing ( or )

Short term use in dementia: • Brief Psychotic Disorder (e.g. ) • Physical aggression – risk of injury to self or others Expected Progression of Dementia

Early. stage Middle stage Memory loss Getting lost Language difficulties Delusions Irritable Hallucinations Late stage Withdrawn Agitation/Anxiety Lose speech Abusive language Aggression Moving difficulty Mood swings Depression Incontinent May hurt self or others Swallowing issues Need help with all care Words used to Describe Behaviours related to Dementia

• Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) • Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) • Challenging Behaviours • Responsive Behaviours

- what is the person responding too? • Expressive Behaviours - what is the person trying to tell us? Responsive Behaviours - Possible Causes

Biological Psychological • Delirium •↓ threshold • Disease process • Loneliness • Medications • Depression • Relationships Physical • Pain Socio-environmental • Elimination • Over/under stimulation • Fatigue • Overcrowding • Hunger • Inconsistent routine • Thirst • Provocation by others • Hot or cold Antipsychotics are NOT Effective for Responsive Behaviors such as:

• Calling out, repetitive questions • Socially inappropriate • , exit-seeking • Hiding/hoarding items • Inappropriate elimination • Insomnia • Eating inedibles (soap, dirt, feces) • Spitting • Interfering with other residents •Crying •Perseveration (clapping, tapping) • Fidgeting • Inappropriate dressing/undressing • Nervousness/restlessness Health Canada Warnings

Health Canada has issued warnings (2002, 2004, 2005, 2015) of increased risk to elderly patients who take antipsychotics including:

 Heart failure  Sudden cardiac death  Stroke  Infection (mostly pneumonia: 60% increased risk) Antipsychotic Hazards • Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS): • Impaired cognition tremor, leaning, stiffness, swallowing • Impaired mobility problems, cog-wheeling (jerky limb movements) • Falls • Tardive Dyskinesia (TD): • Diabetes lip-smacking, facial grimacing, jaw • Increased lipids swinging, tongue thrusting

• Akathisia – inner restlessness • Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: or need for constant motion high fever, rigidity, reduced level of consciousness, rapid heart rate and arrhythmias Potential Side Effects of Antipsychotics • Confusion, agitation, sleepiness • Nervousness, sleep disturbances • Blurred vision, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension • Muscle stiffness and weakness • Pain in the arms, legs, back or joints • Hyper-salivation: Drooling, spitting, difficulty swallowing • Nausea, heartburn, loss of appetite, stomach pain • Difficulty urinating, acute kidney injury Appropriate Use of Antipsychotics Clear role in: • Schizophrenia*, • Delusional Disorder • Huntington’s Chorea* • Brief Psychotic Disorder (e.g. troublesome hallucinations and delusions* from delirium) - Use SHORT time (weeks not months or years) • Aggression and severe agitation - Use short term, when nothing else works *RAI 2.0 QI AUA definitions Key Messages

Appropriate Use of Antipsychotic in dementia means: • Always consider other alternatives first • Involve the family or alternate decision maker • Use only when clinically indicated / absolutely necessary • Start low and go slow; monitor closely • Reduce / discontinue as quickly as possible

The care team needs to always ask: • What is the reason for the behaviour? • What else can we try? Part II - AUA Project Overview Who leads the AUA Project? Seniors Health Strategic Clinical Network (SCN) in Collaboration with Addiction & Mental Health SCN

SCNs re-shape health care: • Focus on what Albertans need • Use scientific evidence to guide care decisions • Support good care approaches across the province

In collaboration with: Front-line physicians and clinicians, zone/clinical leaders, researchers, content experts, public, families, patients

For more information, search SCN on the AHS External or Internal websites Seniors Health SCN

Platforms and Pillars for Success

Appropriate Use of Antipsychotics (AUA) project Phase 1: Guideline & Toolkit

Alberta AUA Guideline

• Assess the behaviour - treat underlying cause(s) AUA Toolkit • Try non-pharmacologic alternatives • Assessment tools • Medication review requirements • Required medication reviews/assessments • Prescribing information • Involve family/alternate decision maker • Family information • Resources to support medication reduction/discontinuation AUA Toolkit

Google AUA Toolkit or Search on AHS External Web

http://www.albertahealthservices.ca/auatoolkit.asp Phase 2: Early Adopter Sites

11 units: average antipsychotic medication use 45.0 41% 40% 40.0

34% 35.0 31% 30.0 28% 26%

25.0 23% 21% 21% 21.5% 20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0 Baseline Jun 2013 Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan.2014 Feb Mar Early Adopter Sites Jun 2013 – Mar 2014 Unit Level Data on Antipsychotic Medication use

77% 80% 75%

70%

58.6% 60% Baseline Jun 2013 50% 50% 44% 40% 39% Mar-14 40% 34% 33% 29% 32% 30% 27% 26% 26% 22%

20% 17% 15.9% 17% 11.5% 11% % of residents on antipsychotics % of residents 10% 2% 0% 0% Percent of Residents on Antipsychotics & with a Monthly Medication Review 100 89% 90% 87% 90 85% 83%

80 76% % of monthly med reviews 70

60 56% 51% % 50 46% 41% 40% 40 34% 36% 31% 28% 26% 30 23% 21% 21% 21.5% 20 % of residents on Antipsychotics 10

0 Baseline Jun 2013 Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan-14 Feb Mar Stories from Care Teams

Families report: • Increased communication, more alert • More independent – e.g. feeding self Staff report: • Units quieter now • Easier to provide care to residents • Fewer falls • Encouraged to see front line staff more involved in problem solving Administrators report: • Downward trend in medication costs Family, Staff & Resident Experiences

Marshall and Evelyn Bye Yvonne Verlinde Bow View Manor, Calgary Youville Home, St. Albert Phase 3: Provincial Implementation 40.0% 34.5% 34.8% 35.0% 34.7% as

29.1% 28.8% 30.0% 26.7% 2013 Q2 25.7% 25.0% 22.5% 2013 Q3 22.0% Antipsychotics 19.8% 2013 Q4 on 20.0% 17.2% 16.3% 2014 Q1 definition

2014 Q2

CIHI 15.0%

Residents 2014 Q3

per of 10.0% 2014 Q4 2015 Q1 5.0% Percentage 0.0% North Zone Edmonton Zone Central Zone Calgary Zone South Zone Alberta

AUA Project resources were shared with all 170 LTC sites in Alberta in 2014/15. Antipsychotic use continues to decline.