New Zealand Energy Data File 2012
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12 2011 Calendar Year Edition The New Zealand Energy Data File is an annual publication that provides comprehensive statistics and supporting information on New Zealand’s energy supply, demand and prices. New Zealand Energy Data File New Zealand Energy Data File 2012 Prepared by: Important Acknowledgements Energy Information and Modelling Group The New Zealand Energy Data File focuses The authors are grateful to the individuals, on commercial energy – energy forms that companies and organisations that provided Energy and Communications Branch are usually produced and sold as fuel. information and gave generously of their Ministry of Economic Development Other forms of energy, such as photovoltaic time to assist with the work reported here. PO Box 1473, Wellington 6140 generation, are not included because there New Zealand Authorship is insuffi cient reliable data. Email: [email protected] This publication was prepared by the Energy Use of this New Zealand Energy Data File Information and Modelling Group of the publication in paper or electronic form © Crown Copyright 2012 Ministry of Economic Development. Principal implies acceptance of the conditions of its contributors were Thomas Elliot, Bryan Field, ISSN 1177-6676 Paperback release, which are that if the information is Paul Hunt, Brian Moore, Michael Smith and ISSN 1177-6684 Online version made available to others: Samuel Thornton. The authors are grateful to • its source must be acknowledged as New Zealand Petroleum and Minerals for Ministry of Economic Development 2012 their assistance with reserves information or by reference to the publication title and Base Two for publication layout. and date; and Thank you to KiwiRail for supplying the • no charge is made other than to recover photograph of the Matangi electric train the direct costs of dissemination. used on the cover of this publication. Although every attempt has been made to ensure the information is accurate, neither Availability the Crown nor any Minister, employee or This publication is available in both agent of the Crown: paperback and electronic form. To purchase • warrants the accuracy, completeness a paperback copy of this publication, visit: or usefulness for any particular purpose www.med.govt.nz/about-us/publications/ of the information contained in this publication-order-form publication in paper or electronic form; or A free, online version of this publication can • accepts any liability for any loss or be downloaded from: damage, however caused, from the reliance on or use of that information or www.med.govt.nz/sectors-industries/ arising from the absence of information energy/energy-modelling/publications/ or any particular information in this energy-data-fi le publication in paper or electronic form. The New Zealand Energy Data File provides annual data and information on New Zealand’s energy sector and is part of the suite of publications produced by the Energy Information and Modelling Group of the Ministry of Economic Development. www.med.govt.nz/sectors-industries/energy/energy-modelling 1 Energy Data File | 2012 © Copyright | Ministry of Economic Development Contents New Zealand Energy Sources 6 Facts 7 A. Energy Overview 8 Introduction 8 Energy Supply and Demand Overview Table A.1: Energy Supply and Demand Balance 2010 (Gross PJ) 8 Primary Energy Supply Table A.2: Total Primary Energy Supply (Gross PJ) 10 Energy Transformation Non-energy Use Consumer Energy Demand Table A.3: Total Consumer Energy by Fuel (Gross PJ) 13 Impact of the Christchurch Earthquake on the Energy Sector Consumer Energy Intensity, Gross Domestic Product Table A.4: Total Consumer Energy by Sector (Gross PJ) and Population 15 B. Energy Balances 18 Introduction 18 Table B.1: Default Electrical Transformation Factors 18 Table B.2: Energy Supply and Demand Balance Calendar Year 2011 20 Table B.3: Energy Supply and Demand Balance Calendar Year 2010 22 Table B.4: Energy Supply and Demand Balance Calendar Year 2009 24 Table B.5: Energy Supply and Demand Balance Calendar Year 2008 26 Table B.6: Energy Supply and Demand Balance Calendar Year 2007 28 Table B.7: Energy Supply and Demand Balance Calendar Year 2011 NET 30 C. Coal 32 Overview of New Zealand’s Coal Industry 33 Table C.1: Production by Mining Method, Rank and Region for 2011 (kt) 35 Table C.2: Coal Energy Balance (Gross PJ) 37 Table C.3: Coal Supply and Calculated Consumption (Gross PJ) 39 Table C.4: Summary of Observed Coal Consumption by Sector (Gross PJ) 40 Table C.5: Coal Consumption – Breakdown by Sector for 2011 (Gross TJ) 42 2 Energy Data File | 2012 © Copyright | Ministry of Economic Development D. Oil 43 Overview of New Zealand’s Oil Industry 44 Table D.1: Oil Energy Balance 2007–2011 (Gross PJ) 50 Table D.2a: Crude Oil, Condensate, Naphtha and Natural Gas Liquids Production by Field (Mm3)51 Table D.2b: Crude Oil, Condensate, Naphtha and Natural Gas Liquids Production by Field (mmbbls) 52 Table D.2c: Crude Oil, Condensate, Naphtha and Natural Gas Liquids Production by Field (Thousand Tonnes) 53 Table D.2d: Crude Oil, Condensate, Naphtha and Natural Gas Liquids Production by Field (Gross PJ) 54 Table D.3: Supply of Crude Oil and Refi nery Feedstocks (Gross PJ) 56 Table D.4: Production of Crude Oil and Oil Products (Gross PJ) 57 Table D.5: Imports of Crude Oil and Oil Products (Gross PJ) 59 Table D.6: Exports of Crude Oil and Oil Products (Gross PJ) 61 Table D.7: Observed Oil Products Consumption (Gross PJ) 63 Table D.8: Observed Petrol Consumption by Sector (Gross PJ) 65 Table D.9: Observed Diesel Consumption by Sector (Gross PJ) 67 Table D.10: Observed Total Oil Consumption by Sector (Gross PJ) 69 E. Natural Gas 71 Overview of New Zealand’s Gas Industry 72 Table E.1: Natural Gas Energy Balance 2007–2011 (Gross PJ) 77 Table E.2a: Total Natural Gas Production by Field (Mm3)78 Table E.2b: Total Natural Gas Production by Field (Bcf) 79 Table E.2c: Total Natural Gas Production by Field (Gross PJ) 80 Table E.3a: Net Natural Gas Production by Field (Mm3)82 Table E.3b: Net Natural Gas Production by Field (Bcf) 83 Table E.3c: Net Natural Gas Production by Field (Gross PJ) 84 Table E.4: Natural Gas Production (Gross PJ) 86 Table E.5a: Natural Gas Supply and Consumption (Gross PJ) 88 Table E.5b: Natural Gas Consumption by Sector (Gross PJ) 89 Table E.5c: Natural Gas Consumer Energy by Sector (Gross PJ) 91 Table E.5d: Natural Gas Market Snapshot for 2011 92 F. Renewables 95 Overview of Renewables in New Zealand 96 Table F.1: Renewable Energy Balance 2007–2011 (Gross PJ) 97 Table F.2: Renewable Energy Supply and Use by Fuel (Gross PJ) 98 Table F.3: Estimated Production of Liquid Biofuel 2007–2011 99 Table F.4: Renewable Energy Direct Use by Sector for 2011 (Gross PJ) 99 3 Energy Data File | 2012 © Copyright | Ministry of Economic Development Contents continued G. Electricity 100 Overview of New Zealand’s Electricity Industry 101 Table G.1: Electricity Energy Balance 2007–2011 (GWh) 106 Table G.2a: Net Electricity Generation by Fuel Type (GWh) 108 Table G.2b: Net Electricity Generation by Fuel Type (PJ) 109 Table G.2c: Net Electricity Generation by Fuel Type – Cogeneration Separated (GWh) 110 Table G.2d: Estimated Generation by Fuel Type for 2011 Calendar Year (GWh) 111 Table G.3a: Operational Electricity Generation Capacity by Plant Type (MW) 112 Table G.3b: Estimated Generating Capacity by Fuel Type December 2011 (MW) 113 Table G.3c: Information on Generating Plants December 2011 (10 MW or Greater) 114 Table G.4: Transmission and Distribution Network Statistics Summary 116 Table G.5a: Observed Electricity Consumption by Sector (GWh) 118 Table G.5b: Observed Percentage of Consumers (Active ICPs) by Sector 120 Table G.5c: Regional Electricity Demand Approximations for 2011 120 Table G.6a: Electricity Market Snapshot – 2011 March Year 121 Table G.6b: Market Competition Statistics 122 H. Oil and Gas Reserves 125 Overview of New Zealand’s Oil and Gas Reserves 125 Table H.1: National Summary of Activity and Expenditure 128 (All Petroleum Exploration and Mining Permits/Licences) Table H.2: Oil and Condensate Reserves 130 Table H.4: Gas Reserves 131 I. Prices 132 Introduction 132 Table I.1a: Nominal Electricity Consumer Prices 133 Table I.1b: Real 2011 Electricity Consumer Prices 134 Table I.2a: Nominal Petrol and Diesel Prices 136 Table I.2b: Real 2011 Petrol and Diesel Prices 138 Table I.2c: Composition of the Regular Petrol Retail Price 139 Table I.3: Nominal and Real 2011 Fuel Oil Prices 141 Table I.4: Nominal and Real 2011 Natural Gas Prices 143 Table I.5a: Taxes, Duties and Levies on Fuels at December 2011 (c/l excluding GST) 145 Table I.5b: Premium and Regular Petrol Taxes, Duties and Levies (c/l) 146 Table I.5c: Lead Tax Payable on Lead Content of Petrol (c/gram) 147 Table I.5d: Diesel Taxes, Duties and Levies (c/l) 147 Table I.5e: Other Liquid Fuels Taxes, Duties and Levies (c/l) 147 Table I.5f: Gas and Methanol Taxes, Duties and Levies (c/l) 148 Table I.5g: Natural Gas Taxes and Levies (c/GJ) 148 Table I.5h: Coal (Opencast Mines Only) Taxes, Duties and Levies ($/tonne) 148 Table I.5i: Acts and Regulations 148 Table I.6: Price Defl ators 149 4 Energy Data File | 2012 © Copyright | Ministry of Economic Development J. International Energy Comparisons 150 Introduction 150 Table J.1: International Energy Prices for the December Quarter 2011 151 Table J.2: International Comparison of Natural Gas Prices December Quarter 2011 155 K.