Special Libraries, March 1949 Special Libraries Association

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Special Libraries, 1949 Special Libraries, 1940s

3-1-1949 Special Libraries, March 1949 Special Libraries Association

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Special Libraries VOLUME40 ...... Established 1910 ...... NUMBER3

CONTENTS FOR MARCH 1949

Some Remarks on Subject Headings . . C. D. GULL Patent Searching . . C. D. STORES Microcards and the Special Library . MARJORIEC. KEENLEYSIDE Translating as a Business Profession . . CHARLESA. MEYER SLA Fortieth Annual Convention . . KATHLEENB. STEBBINS New Institutional Members . SLA Chapter Highlights . SLA Publications in Print . Comments from Members . Events and Publications Announcements . Indexed in Industrial Arts Index, Public &airs Information Service, and Library Literature

ALMA CLARVOEMITCHILL KATHLEENBROWN STEBBINS Editor Advertising Manager The articles which appear in SPECIAL LIBRARIESexpress the views of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the opinion or the policy of the editorial staff and publisher.

SLA OFFICERS, 1948-49 ROSE L. VORMELKER,President Business Information Bureau, Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland 14, Ohio MRS. RUTH I5 HOOKER,First Vice-president and President-Elect Naval Research Laboratory, Washington 20, D. C. MELVINJ. VOIGT, Second Vice-president Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvania DAVIDKJSSLER, Treasurer ...... Department of Public Relations, General Motors Corporation, Detroit 2, Mich. MRS. KATHLEENB. S~BBINS,Executive Secretary 31 East Tenth Street, New York 3, New York MRS. IRENE M. STREBY, Immediate Past President Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis 6, Indiana DIRECTORS ELMAT. EVANS,Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Buffalo 21, New York. DONALDT. CLARK,Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, Boston 63, Massachusetts. MARGARETHATCH, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, San Francisco 20, California.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES published monthly September to April, with bi-monthly issues May to August, by The Special Libraries Association. Publication Office, Rea Building, 704 Second Ave., Pittsburgh 19, Pa. Address all communications for publication to editorial offices at 31 East Tenth Street, New York 3, N. Y. Subscription price: $7.00 a year; foreign $7.50; single copies, 75 cents. Entered second-class matter February 5, 1947, at the Pod Office at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, under the Act of March 3. 1879. Acceptance for mailing al specid rate of postage provided for in the Aci of February 28, 1925, authorized February 5, 1947. : RECOMMEND THESE BOOKS TO YOUR 1: : COMPANY EXECUTIVES : I i a MARCH e TRAINING EMPLOYEES by GEORGED. HALSEY,Author of HANDEOOKOF PERSONNELADMINISTRATION An authoritative, practical manual of principles and programs for employee training -in industry, the office, the retail store or the sales force. This book by a noted personnel expert "should be required reading for all staff-training specialists . . . an excellent reference book for anyone connected with increasing effectiveness in a business."-SAMUEL L. H. BURK,Director of Industrial Relations, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company. $3.50

GUIDEPOSTS IN TIME OF CHANGE Some Essentials for a Sound American Economy by JOHNMAURICE CLARK, Professor of Economics, Columbia University How can democracy counter the totalitarian threat to our economic and political systems? Here one of this generation's most brilliant economists explains democracy's superior claims and projects necessary programs of public policy at home and internationally. Detailing the economic issues on which a fresh approach is required, he offers immediate measures designed to meet leftist criticisms. $3.00

WORKERS WANTED A Study of Employers' Hiring Policies, Preferences and Practices by E. WILLIAMNOLAND and E. WIGHTBAKKE, Yale Labor and Managemenf Center How efficient are the hiring policies, preferences and practices of today's employers? This new volume in the Yale Labor and Management Center Series is the first book to study and evaluate current employment processes. Disclosing a general need for more scientific methods of selection, it offers valuable guidance for every employing executive who wants to assure that the new employee is fitted to his job. $3.00

INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS by MILTONL. BLUM, Psychology Dcpartment, College of the City of New York Every business and personncl ex~cutiveconcerned with improving worker efficiency will find valuable guidance in this book. Growing out of the best current findings of industrial psychology, it applies basic psychological principles to the important problem of human relations in business and industry. Particular reference is made to the aims of assuring worker satisfaction and sound business and social practices, as well as to problems of time study, incentives and testing procedures. $5.00

AT YOUR BOOKSTORE OR FROM

HARPER & BROTHERS o 49 East 33rd st. e ~ewYork 16, N. Y.

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements SOME REMARKS ON SUBJECT HEADINGS' By C. D. GULL2 Acting Chief, Catalog Maintenance Division, The Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.

HE establishment of the Science are less certain today, for the Library and Technology Project in the of Congress schedules have since accom- TLibrary of Congress afforded an modated the classification of some 500 opportunity to consider the problem of projects without real difficulty. We also the bibliographic control of subject mat- knew that a subject heading list could ter apart from any catalogs long estab- be started without having to build as lished in their own patterns. A similar elaborate a foundation as is required opportunity is much more likely to oc- for the construction of a classification. cur in the special library than in the Moreover, the contract called for the general library for specialized needs re- Project to develop a classification for quire specialized solutions. These re- another purpose, and we did not wish marks will describe our experience in to adopt any classification until we knew constructing a list of subject headings the results of the work already under- to serve the subject needs of the Project. taken and whether it could be used for The Project was established under a the classification of reports as well as contract from the Office of Naval Re- projects. search to receive, catalog, abstract; loan Having decided to use subject head- and file scientific and technical reports ings for the catalog, the next question prepared by the armed forces or their to consider was how specific the head- civilian contractors, and to furnish ref- ings should be. To obtain part of the erence and bibliographic service to the answer, we estimated the possible size Office of Naval Research. Just as in of the catalog. Because we believe that many other special libraries, we find the approximately 100,000 reports are is- subject needs of the Project to be of sued each year as a result of contracts primary importance and the work of let by the armed forces, and because subject analysis a central point in the our intention is to catalog and abstract operations. a considerable percentage of them, we The first question was whether to assumed that the subject catalog would build a classified catalog or a subject grow rapidly to a large size. We con- heading catalog (or both), and it was sidered it axiomatic that the larger the answered by undertaking to construct a catalog grew, the more specific the sub- subject heading catalog. Our files were ject headings ought to be. We assumed too extensive for immediate rearrange- that the nature of the inquiries to be ment into a classified order and we made of the catalog would be specific, lacked a classification to use, or so we but we also realized that anything as thought. We felt that the Library of specific as the indexing found in books Congress classification did not offer the was an impractical consideration. compact, up-to-date development need- We were aware of two types of head- ed for our reports; of this conclusion we ings, which we may call for clarity, the Direct and Indirect Headings. The di- IPresented before Science-Technology rect headings are in straightforward Group, 39th Annual Convention Special Libra- form, entered under the first word of ries Association, Washington, June 11, 1948. 2Formerly Editor in Chief, Science and whatever combination of words is used Technology Project, Library of Congress, to make up a heading. This form is sanc- Washington, D. C. tioned by Mr. Cutter,' but characterized 84 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March by Miss Prevost as the "haphazard ad- entry. Our suggestions for the choice of jective approa~h."~The indirect head- new headings did not then and do not ing has the entry under the basic idea now prohibit the use of indirect or in- represented by a compound heading. verted headings, but the experience of Sometimes it appears in the inverted the first months, fortified by the opin- form and sometimes as entry under the ions of those attending the Symposium noun. It is also sanctioned by Mr. Cut- on Medical Subject Headingsy8led us to ter and championed by Miss Prevost. revise our inverted headings in prepara- It is not easy to distinguish between tion for the subject index which closed the degrees of specificity shown by di- out the work of 1947. The headings rect and indirect headings. Perhaps the were recast into the direct form, and subject of ballistic cameras will serve as the tracings and cross references for the an illustration. Ballistic cameras and authority list and the tracings on the Cameras, Ballistic are equally specific printed cards were brought into agree- headings; the first is direct because of ment. Our experience in the past five its entry under B and the second is in- months continues to confirm our redirect because of its inverted form. The liance upon the direct form of very spe- subjects described remain ballistic cific subject headings. cameras in either form, but the head- The authority list is made up of headings Cameras (standing alone) and Pro- ings which refer to things, that is pieces jectiles -Ballistics -Cameras are less of equipment or systems constructed of specific because the first is not limited many,pieces of equipment (such as Arti- as to type or use and the second re- ficial horizon, Ground controlled ap- quires the user to determine the sub- proach radar systems), or ideas which ject for which the cameras are used be- represent abstract scientific investiga- fore he can locate the entry. The prob- tion (Combustion, Cosmic rays), or lem facing the cataloger, therefore, is to practical technical applications (Applied determine first how specific the heading mechanics, Cyclotrons). Some of the ought to be and second whether it ideas represent observed phenomena should be in the direct or indirect form. (Atmosphere-Turbulence) and others We are also required by the provi- represent the problems for which va- sions of the contract to prepare our rious systems have been developed as catalog in two forms: a card catalog for solutions (Marine navigation, Super- the use of our staff, and as an abstract sonic flow). Another large group of bulletin or book catalog, provided with headings comprises techniques (such as a subject heading index, for the scien- Arc welding, Calorimetry, Quality con- tists and technical men. These forms trol), and as you have already observed, have conflicting technical and service many headings fit into more than one requirements, but we hoped to build a type. Neither persons nor events are in- list which would serve both ends. cluded in the list. Taking account of all these considera- The list has grown to such propor- tions, our choice at the outset, there- tions that I have been able to recast fore, was to undertake a subject head- some of the larger groups of headings ing list in which the entries would be having a noun in common into the in- specific and in which the emphasis direct or inverted forms for a compari- would be placed on the direct form of 8 Sponsored at the Pentagon, December 12 1 Charles A. Cutter. Rules for a Dictionary and 13, 1947, by the Army Medical Library. Catalog, 4th ed., 1904. Rules 174 and 175. Cf. the Bulletin of the Medical Library Asso- 2 Marie L. Prevost. "An Approach to Theory ciation, April 1948, and the Minutes of the and Method in General Subject Headings." Li- Symposium in a letter from Scott Adams, May brary Quarterly 16: 140-151, April 1946, p. 140. 21, 1948. 19491 SOME REMARKS ON SUBJECT HEADINGS 85 son of the merits of the direct and in- shorter, e.g. Airplanes-Fighter-Arma- direct headings. Headings containing ment becomes Fighter-Armament; or the terms Airplanes, Radar, and Waves Waves--Electromagnetic-Guides-- have been recast, the terms being chosen Mathematical analysis turns up in the at random. Some of the drawbacks of more popular as well as shorter form, the direct principle become apparent at Waveguide-Mathematical analysis. once. Information on a subject is scat- The use of the direct, specific head- tered throughout the alphabet; for ex- ings means that in any large catalog the ample : Radar and Ground controlled user is confronted with only the part of approach radar, as well as Ground con- the catalog in which he is interested, trolled approach radar systems, are and one serious difficulty created by the found under R and G. Radar alone is indirect, less specific headings, the ten- set off from Radar systems by an inter- dency of such a subject catalog to be- vening alphabet of subdivisions (Radar come an alphabetically arranged sub- -Errors, Radar -Training devices) ject classification, is avoided in the di- and by another alphabet containing such rect, specific form of entry. The cross phrases as Radar antennas, Radar bea- references required by the direct, spe- cons, and Radar panels. Perhaps the so- cific headings reveal this very well, for lution to the second difficulty lies in the the user is immediately confronted with filing rules; they could be amended to a SEE cross reference under a noun, permit the interfiling of the subdivided such as Waves SEE Electromagnetic forms and the phrases without regard to waves; Lake waves; Microwaves, etc., or the dash and without regard to the by SEE ALSO references or notes, such philosophy implied in the use of a sub- as Airplanes SEE ALSO Airplanes by division. It should be noted that scatter- name, e.g. : Bombers, Fighters, Sea- ing of information occurs with the in- planes, etc. Either type of cross refer- direct entry under the noun, although ence is an immediate warning of the to a lesser degree. complexity of information implied in Another drawback to the direct prin- the term and a guide to the location of ciple turns up regularly when the index specific information, rather than con- for the abstract bulletin is prepared for cealment of information in a long se- the latest indexing period. We have not quence of subdivisions alphabetically yet prepared any cumulative indexes, arranged under the noun entry. so each quarterly index is small in com- The direct, specific form also avoids parison to the ever-growing subject cat- the ambiguity of the indirect, less spe- alog on cards. Therefore, there are many cific form. If the latter is strictly fol- headings for which there is only one lowed, Seaplanes turn up as Airplanes entry per heading. Perhaps a partial so- -Sea, or AirpIanes-Seaplanes, which lution here lies in the omission of sub- is indeed confusing in either form. If divisions from the indexes covering the less specific term, Planes, is used to short periods, with a consequent reduc- avoid the difficulty, the entry becomes tion in the ratio of headings per entry. PlanesLSea, mixed in a sequence of These statements complete the draw- Planes-Air, Planes-Detection (a backs which are now apparent to us in plane surface or airplanes? ), Plane* using the direct form of very specific Mathematics (again, of plane surfaces headings. or of airplanes? ), Planes -Transport The advantages of the direct form of and Plane-Woodworking. And do the very specific headings are brought out terms Airplanes -Transport or Planes very clearly by recasting the groups -Transport mean transport planes or into the indirect and less specific form. the transportation of airplanes from one For one advantage, the headings are place to another? The same uncertainty 86 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March exists outside the science and tech- a foreign language are equally satisfac- nology field, too. Does the heading tory, prefer the prevailing American Schoo19-Art refer to art instruction in form, e.g.: general schools, to art found in general Gasoline rather than Petrol schools, or to art schools, specializing in Tungsten rather than Wolfram the teaching of art courses? Using direct Express in plural or singular form, and specific forms, this heading becomes whichever is appropriate, e.g.: three: SchoolsLArt; Schools-Art in- Resonance absorption struction; and Art schools. Ailerons You readily see from these various Circumscribe a term in the heading combinations of words that semantic whenever it may be confused in scope considerations play a major part in any or with different subjects bearing the subject heading work. same name (homonyms), e.g. : Since we have many interests in com- Absorption (Digestion) mon and similar conditions affecting our Air brakes (Flight) libraries, such as use by professional Brakes (Textiles) and technical men seeking specific in- Brakes (Horficulture ) formation from sometimes small but Brakes (Friction) rapidly expanding literatures, and since Brakes (Metal working) special libraries often need headings Noses (Aeronautics) never needed in general libraries, let me Resonance absorption (Radio) offer for your consideration some "Sug- Supply brief definitions for the un- gestions for the Choice, Construction published authority file when nearly but and Applications of Subject Headings not quite synonymous terms are used, for the Science and Technology Proj- e.g. : ect." These suggestions were compiled Bactericides (kill bacteria) when I found there was nothing really Bacteriostatic substances (inhibit suitable which I could give to the sub- growth of bacteria) ject catalogers for their guidance, since The only chemical headings to be in- they were primarily subject specialists cluded are those for which terms are not without formal training in library tech- found in the most recent edition of the niques and therefore seriously in need Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, of guidance in applying their subject edited by Charles D. Hodgman. Head- knowledge to create a pattern suitable ings, preferably the starred forms, are for a subject catalog. If you find them accepted as found in this book, and they too elementary in spots, you may find will not be included upon the authority some which are more difficult, and cer- cards nor in the published lists. Certain tainly the daily work of subject heading terms, such as compounds, complexes, is hard enough. alloys, hydrides, oxides, etc., may be THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS added to names of elements or root Science and Technology Project names found in the Handbook. All terms SUGGESTIONSFOR THE CHOICE,CONSTRUCTION requiring subdivision, such as Boron AND APPLICATIONOF SUBJECTHEADINGS hydrides-Preparation, and terms with FOR THIS PROJECT unusual cross references must be in- I. CHOICE cluded. Distinguish between compounds Since the purpose of the Project is to and mixtures. facilitate scientific research, choose a If place affects subject, choose the heading which satisfies that purpose. subject subdivided by place, and refer Choose the best term most widely ac- from place subdivided by subject, e.g.: cepted by American research men. When France--Airports SEE Airport- American terms or equivalent terms in France 19491 SOME REMARKS ON SUBJECT HEADINGS 8 7

Synonyms may not be used. Choose on the top line: Electromagnetic waves one and refer from the other, e.g.: SEE ALSO Radio waves A SEE reference is normally made Poke SEE Bag from (1) a synonym or equivalent term Caoutchouc SEE Rubber Aeroplanes SEE Airplanes which is not used to the term which is Of the several arrangements of terms used (Radar waves SEE waves); shown below, choose the most sensible and (2) from the second part parts) form : of a heading made of two (or more) 1. A single noun, e.g., Ailerons words (Waves, Radio SEE Radio waves). 2. A noun preceded by an adjective When two or more headings appear un- or another noun modifier, e.g.: der the same term, as Waves, Ocean SEE Statistical analysis Ocean waves and Waves, Radio SEE Resonance absorption Radio waves, they will be consolidated 3. A noun followed by a and as SEE or SEE ALSO references, for exam- an adjective (inverted form of 2), ple: Waves SEE Electromagnetic waves, e.g.: L~~~~~~~,~~d~~~ phis Lake waves, Microwaves, Ocean waves, term is from the ~ib~~~~of con- Radio waves, etc. A SEE ALSO reference gress headings. Early experience is normally made ( 1 ) between closely re- shows that the inverted form is lated subjects (i.e., in both directions) very rarely needed except for some when terms are used (Gas chemical terms.) SEE ALSO Fluid flow; Fluid flow SEE 4. A phrase containing nouns and Gas flow); and (2 ) from a general conjunctions or prepositions, e.g.: term to a more specific Yet closely re- Transfer of training lated term (Gas flow SEE ALSO Super- 5. Any one of the forms above with sonic flow) (almost never in the oppo- one or more subdivisions, e.g.: site direction). When a SEE ALSO refer- Airplanedtability ence is used from the general to the Search radar-Effectiveness specific term, it serves to circumscribe Transfer of training-Bibliography the general term. In most cases a subdivision must be 111. APPLICATION common to two or more headings to be Enter a report under its subject. a satisfactory subdivision. Eliminate, however, all general head- 11. CONSTRUCTION ings when a specific heading completely Present suggestions for new headings covers the subject, eG: eliminate in this form, the headings on the top Airfoils-Aerodynamic characteristics line and the cross-references below: when Wings-Lif t and Ailerons- r Drag are assigned. Enter a report treating of several sub- Radio waves jects under each distinct subject, e.g.: x Waves biology and chemistry in one volume is x Radar waves not necessarily biochemistry; in other sa Microwwes words, distinguish between separate and xx Electromagnetic waves blended treatments of two branches of a science or art, and use a single specific The symbols mean: heading if it completely covers a blend- x: SEE reference from the lower (x)line to ed treatment of two separate subjects, the heading: Waves SEE Radio waves e.g.: biochemistry is not biology and m: SW ALSO reference from the heading to ,.hemistry in one volume. the term on the lower (sa) line: Radio when subjects overlap, select the waves sm -0 Microwaves a: reference from the term on main subject and do not use the closely on the- lower (xx) line to the heading related heading. Many machines, de- 88 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March vices, systems, etc., present two aspects: pumps; 2. Fuel pumps). The first groups ( 1) construction; and (2 ) use.Thesemay all rotary pumps regardless of use; the be entered most economically by using second groups all fuel pumps regard- one heading for each aspect (1. Rotary less of construction.

PATENT SEARCHING1 By C. D. STORES Library, Standard Oil Development Co., Elizabeth, N. J.

ATENT searching may mean specification; and the other, the claims. searching through patent litera- The specification is the handbook where- Pture to the exclusion of other types in the details of the invention are dis- of literature, or it may mean searching closed and equivalents of any of its ele- through all types of literature in order ments set forth. The specification should to develop references which are perti- be sufficiently detailed so that any one nent to the subject matter of a pro- skilled in the art can readily understand posed research program or a projected it and carry out the invention covered patent application, or to the determina- by it. The specification is not merely tion of the validity of an existing patent limited to the specific thing which the or patents, or to answer the question inventor has created for the first time whether a proposed process, composi- but embodies this new idea in its proper tion or apparatus infringes the claims of setting in the particular field wherein it an unexpired patent. However, I be- is found useful and coordinates it with lieve that both of these aspects will be all aspects of prior knowledge which of interest to librarians and this paper are germane to it. The specification, therefore will be directed to both types therefore, is mainly a technical descrip- of patent searching. tion of the invention and teaches how DESCRIPTION OF A PATENT and for what it may be used. The claims All librarians probably come in con- on the other hand are the legal portions tact with patents, at least to a limited of the patent and define the metes and degree. Therefore, it would be well to bounds of the patent grant in conform- become acquainted with the more tech- ity with the requirements of the statute nical aspects of a patent, what it is, that the claims particularly point out what it covers, and so forth. Basically, a the invention. The claims are worded in patent is a contract between the in- a manner which is strange perhaps to ventor and the people of the United many but this legal phraseology has States by the terms of which the in- been developed along with the Ameri- venter, in return for a disclosure of his can Patent system and is unique among invention, is granted the right to prevent patent documents. Some of you prob- the other from making, using, and sell- ably have wondered as to the great ing the invention covered by the patent number of claims in a U. S. patent. This for a term of 17 years from the date of is also a distinctive feature of the U. S. grant. A patent in general consists of patent system and differs from other two major component parts: One, the patent systems with the possible excep- tion of Canada. This is again the result 1 Paper presented before Science-Technology of the requirement of the statute that Group, 39th Annual Convention Special Libra- ries Association, Washington, D. C., June 10, the applicant point out his invention. In 1948. general the claims range from a very 19491 PATENT SEARCHING 89 broad definition of the invention down possible range. Such a search is important to a very specific definition. Claims of because it generally develops as a result of patent litigation. One of the defenses set forth intermediate scope account for the great in the statute against an allegation of patent number of claims. In general, a patent infringement is that the patent which is al- attorney will insist that such a large leged to be infringed is invalid. Thus, it is number of claims are justified on the highly important that a defendant locate, at all costs, any possible reference which might ground that a court of courts may in have any bearing upon the validity of the the future invalidate one or more of the patent in suit. The validity search requires broader claims, leaving him more spe- qualifications usually found in the skiiled and cific claims to which he can retreat. If experienced patent attorney. claims of an intermediate scope were 5. Infringement. This is a very particular not present he might be restricted to an type of search and in my experience I have found it to be a very interesting type of search. aspect of his invention which is narrow- It is directed toward determining whether or er than it need be. not a given process, composition, or apparatus TYPES OF PATENTS will infringe the claims of an unexpired patent. The following are six kinds of searches It is very important in making such a search that the subject matter of the search be thor- which one may be called upon to per- oughly analyzed. I have often found it de- form in connection with patents. They sirable to break down the subject matter into are: the smallest possible fragments which can 1. The request for a specific piece of infor- exist as separate ideas. If it be a machine mation, such as the boiling point of a specific these would be the elements of a machine; if chemical compound; the filing or issuing date a process, the individual steps making up the of a certain patent, etc. This type of search is process. When studying the claims of a patent, relatively unimportant to the subject at hand they are compared with the breakdown to see and since it is more nearly the type with which whether or not they encompass any portion of all librarians are familiar, I shall not go into this breakdown. It should be remembered it further. that if any portion of the subject matter under 2. Novelty or Pre-X Search. This is a par- search reads directly on the claims of any ticularly important type of patent searching existing U. S. patent then that patent claim and one in which you may often be called is infringed even though additional steps or upon to carry out. Such a search is directed elements may be present in the subject being toward an examination of the most obvious searched. However, on the other hand, if the sources to determine whether or not a given claims of an existing patent contain additional suggestion, which is to be the basis of a patent elements which are not present in the subject application, is or is not new and patentable. matter under search then that claim is not Such a search generally takes only a few hours, infringed. The above is intended to be a probably half a day at the most, and should generalized statement and not intended to be develop only those references which obviously taken as categorical since each case must be come within the scope of subject matter em- determined upon the facts involved. An in- braced in the projected patent application. fringement search is generally carried back 3. Art. The art search is somewhat similar only for 17 years from the date of the search. to the novelty search. However, it is much However, many good searchers go back further more extensive. It is not carried out to de- than 17 years just to be sure that they do not termine the novelty of a suggestion but is fail to uncover some expired patents which directed toward the position of a newly de- might tend to cast doubt upon the validity of veloped process with regard to the knowledge the claims of any expired patent which might which has been accumulated on that subject. be infringed. 4. Validity. The validity search is quite sim- 6. Index. An index search is carried out ilar to the art search and the novelty search through the annual patent indices to determine and is distinguished therefrom merely in extent what patents have been issued to any indi- and scope rather than in kind. It has for its vidual or corporation for any given period of specific object the development of references time and is a relatively simple type of search which will anticipate and invalidate the claims to conduct. It requires no unusual qualifica- of one or more issued patents. It is therefore tions except that of patience. a novelty search carried much further afield. THREE REQUISITES OF PATENTABILITY In fact, in a true validity search no possible source of information is overlooked and the In conducting these patent searches searcher's imagination will have the widest there are three requisites of patentabil- 90 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March ity which it is well to keep in mind. and infringement question involved. I These are invention, utility and novelty. am now of the rather considered opin- Of these three, the first is probably the ion that a librarian should not make most difficult of determination. In fact, such statements of opinion. In the first reams of paper have been used in trying place, the librarian is not a patent at- to settle this question. Many court de- torney and is not acquainted with all cisions have been rendered on it but the the laws involved or what can and can- answer has not yet been found. It is not be secured by prosecution through often dependent upon the guess of the the Patent Office. He just doesn't have judge of the court of last report. While that experience. Furthermore, he may not so intended it is actually an individ- not have all the information at his ual matter as to what invention is. There fingertips that he would have if he were has been a large amount of discussion in writing the patent application and, lastly regard to whether an objective or sub- but not least, there is the question of jective test should be used. However, I ethics involved. Since the patent search- think that perhaps the safest guide that er is not registered either as a patent librarians should use in determining this attorney or a general attorney it is pos- question is to follow the statement of sible for him to become involved in a the Court of Customs and Patent Ap- question of the unauthorized practice of peals in the decision handed down a law. There has recently been published few years ago. In re Shortell, 61 USPQ a decision by the Illinois Court of Chi- 362, where the Court said "If a process cago Bar Association against Kellogg, or thing constitutes patentable subject decided November 18, 1947, in which a matter, is new and useful, and the pro- patent agent, who was not registered as cess performed or thing produced would an attorney in Illinois but was regis- not be obvious to one skilled in the art, tered in the Patent Office, was held to invention should be presumed, and pat- have engaged in unauthorized practice ent may properly issue therefor". What of law by rendering legal opinions rela- this means is that while something tive to infringement questions, among might be novel, i.e. new, it is not sub- others. I believe therefore that it would ject to patent protection unless it is not be safer for any patent searcher not to obvious to one who is skilled in the art. make a considered opinion in regard to It is, of course, a nice question as to the question at issue. Instead, it is much when something is obvious and that better for him to direct the attorney's question might easily, and often is, de- attention to the best art that he has cided differently by different people. Li- been able to develop and then if he librarians can probably approach the wishes, he may add other significant question without worrying too much references as an addendum. about it by citing the closest possible The other two requisites of patenta- art that can be found in conducting bility, that is, utility and novelty, are their search and letting the patent attor- not particularly difficult Obviously, ney determine whether or not it meets something is novel if it is different from the requirements that the judges have anything that has ever been known be- laid down. fore and that difference need only be This might be a good place to inject microscopic. I doubt if any searcher some opinions of my own in regard to would have any difficulty in recognizing conclusions you may reach in patent a reference which is considered to be searching. When I was carrying out "on all fours" with the subject under a large number of patent searches it search. This does not happen too often was generally my custom to render an though I have had a few instances of it opinion on the patentability, invalidity, myself, and it does make the searcher 19491 PATENT SEARCHlNG 91

feel well repaid for his efforts. I do not of sodium hydroxide for a particular think there is anything more discourag- purpose. ing than to search and search and search, In mechanical cases equivalents are particularly in regard to a novelty search, also important and it would be wise and not find anything at all close. On for any searcher who has to work in the the other hand, when the searcher can mechanical fields to become acauainted develop a reference which is practically with all types of mechanical equivalents. identical with the thing being searched In beginning your search, particularly then he is satisfied that he has been to in validity and infringement searches, it the right places and has done his job is wise to get a copy of the file history well. of the patent under investigation. The In conducting patent searches there file history is a collection of all the are a few additional aspects of patent papers filed by the attorney and the re- law with which a searcher should be ac- plies of the patent examiner thereto in quainted. When searching in the chem- connection with the prosecution of any ical arts the searcher should in most patent. These papers are available for cases disregard the use to which the copying by the public after the patent subject matter is to be put. For instance, has been issued and can be secured from if he is looking for a certain chemical the Patent Office. In such a file history compound as an insecticide he should will be found a list of all references relied by all means report all references to upon by the examiner in examining the this chemical compound regardless of application. The classes in which these its use. This is important because the references have been classified will give courts have held time and again that a you a fairly good clue as to some of the chemical compound or a definite com- best art. However, my experience in position of matter cannot be re-patented validity searching is that the best refer- for a different use. If someone has pat- ences are not often found in the same ented a certain composition for a hair classes searched by the Examiner. If oil and you discover that it is particu- they had been he would have found larly good for killing flies you cannot them himself. re-patent it for this purpose. BEST SOURCES FOR PATENT RESEARCH THE DOCTRINE OF HOMOLOGUES I have discussed many aspects of There is also the doctrine of homo- patent searching but I have not indi- logues, so called, which should be borne cated where you should look The best in mind. It has been held that a homo- sources are the U. S. patent classes in logue of a known compound cannot be the Search Room in the Patent Office, patented unless some new and unex- the classified sets of foreign patents in pected results flow from its use. There- the Patent Office Scientific Library, the fore, it would be wise in searching various abstract journals with which chemical subject matter involving the you are undoubtedly familiar are use of a chemical compound to cite Chemical Abstracts, British Chemical references disclosing the nearest homo- Abstracts, Zentrablatt, Comptes Rendus. logues to the compound if the com- In making a validity search each one of pound itself is not found. these sources should be examined thor- It is well also to consider all types of oughly. The proper U. S. classification equivalents since the patent law states should be determined from the classifi- that generally the use of equivalents of cation manual. Here your imagination known substances for the same purpose is called into play because while the is not invention. In other words, gen- classification has been pretty well done erally speaking, it would not be patent- it requires that you be somewhat fa- able to use potassium hydroxide in place miliar with the methods of classification 9 2 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March

in order to adequately use this index. classified U. S. patents in the Search Foreign patents can be most adequate- Room, after you have checked the clas- ly searched by recourse to the official sification manual, it might be well, if classes of the particular country main- possible, to locate some patent which tained in the Scientific Library of you know exists in the field and look up the Patent Office but may, to some ex- its classification. This will give a clue tent, be covered in such journals as as to some of the more important classes Chemical Abstracts, British Chemical which must be searched. Likewise, it Abstracts, Zentfablatt, Comptes Rendus might be desirable to consult the Ex- and the like. In my experience I found aminer handling this particular subject searching all of these abstract journals matter. He may have some unofficial was necessary and even then all the classification which will simplify your possible patents were not discovered. work. By all means, do not restrict your search When writing your report it is very for U. S. and foreign patents to Chem- important to give an accurate and com- ical Abstracts and other abstract jour- plete documentation of every statement nals. The coverage in these journals as made in your report. This documenta- to patents is not complete and the ab- tion should be to the first sources and stract is not sufficient to indicate all not to any secondary or intermediate possible anticipating subject matter in source. For example, you may find the the patent, and furthermore do not use report of a certain paper given in modi- the annual index of U. S. patents for fied form in a trade magazine. Do not other than an index search. It is not at report this summary as your docu- all possible to use the subject headings mentary source. Go back to the original in the subject index and achieve results and list that citation. It will not only which are any more than haphazard. save you time when referring to this This is because the titles are merely report in the future but it will inevitably catch phrases and do not indicate the save the time of the person to whom subject matter involved. In searching the report is made.

MICROCARDS AND THE SPECIAL LIBRARY By MARJORIE C. KEENLEYSIDE Librarian of Roosevelt College, Chicago, Illinois, and SLA Representative on the Joint Microcard Committee

T last the long-awaited microcard overheating the card. After the lid is reader is a reality. Deliveries closed, two small knobs are the entire A are being made and libraries mechanism for operation. One of these have a new means of building up re- brings the print into focus on the screen search collections even in small quarters The other "turns the pages". A turn of and without enormous book budgets. the knob moves the card up and down. The machine is simple to operate A sliding motion along a groove moves and beautifully streamlined to please the card horizontally to the desired spot. the most modern taste. A microcard is The image is clear and easily read. Sev- placed in a cradle inside the lid. Strong eral readers using one of the machines lights, a lens, and mirrors enlarge the for long intervals reported that they image and throw it onto a glass screen were not bothered by eye-strain. while a small fan keeps the light from The machines are manufactured by 19491 MICROCARDS AND THE SPECIAL LIBRARY 93

The Northern Engraving Company of them as copy for a typist to type as Lacrosse, Wisconsin, which have pour- many catalog cards as desired; L. C. ed many thousands of dollars into the cards could be ordered, if preferred, just research back of their development. The as for the same book in its original form. present product reflects this careful en- In addition to savings in space, equip- gineering skill. ment and cataloging costs, there are the Microcard readers are not only sim- further savings in processing. A micro- ple but relatively inexpensive. One costs card is ready for use when received. A only a little more than a good type- book must be provided with bookplate, writer, and after this initial expenditure card, pocket, date slip, embossing stamp, a whole chain of savings in cost of read- shelving numbers, stamped edges or any ing materials, supplies and space is portion of these embellishments which made possible. To a special librarian, the library in question habitually uses. this last fact is doubly important be- The first books to be put on micro- cause in most cases there is little room cards are out of print, relatively hard to for expansion of the quarters provided obtain, and therefore expensive in their for library services. Microcards will not traditional form. On microcards they overtax the space available. are available to all and at only a small For the uninitiated, microcards should fraction of the cost in book form. Spe- be described before we proceed further. cial librarians will be especially inter- A microcard is a catalog card which in- ested in Beilstein's Handbuch der Or- cludes below the catalog entry a repro- ganische Chemie for science-technology duction of the book itself, page by page, librarians or New Hampshire Reports in microscopic print. Up to a 100 pages for the law librarians. Those who work can be included on a card. Only three with history or political science will cards are necessary for a book of 300 welcome the Annals of Congress and pages. The cards are standard L. C. size the American State Papers. Theatre li- and the cataloging is done by expert brarians will be interested in the several trained catalogers. The user sees one sets of old English plays. Others in the page at a time in at least normal size humanities will welcome, in addition, on the glass screen of the reading ma- the Early English Text Society publica- chine. tions and the Sabin bibliographies. The To have this means of housing per- work on all of these and of a number of haps 400 volumes of books in one card other titles is already finished or near- catalog drawer instead of on two full ing completion. sections of bookshelves is an answer to Various publishers are assuming re- the ever present problem of space. Add- sponsibility for some of the items. Mat- ed to this is the fact that every micro- thew Bender and Company, for exam- card carries not only the book but its ple, has done the New Hampshire Re- cataloging as well, which gives some in- ports. However, in addition, an organi- dication of the boon to the busy re- zation has been formed, to be known as search librarian in a one-man library. the Microcard Foundation, whose pur- The microcard itself provides head- pose is to help to get things under way, ings for filing by author, title, subject, cooperate with those wishing to enter Dewey Classification or Library of Con- the field, and to act as a publisher itself gress Classification. A small library or on a non-profit basis. Its board includes individual research worker may save all several librarians and its chairman is cataloging costs simply by filing the Mr. Fremont Rider. The Foundation is cards by author or subject. Larger li- handling the cataloging and the prep- braries will probably prefer to file them, aration of copy for the microcards pub- like books, by call number, after using lished by commercial publishers as well. 94 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March

The Microcard Committee acts as an number have expressed their interest in advisory group to the Foundation as the reproduction of back files of peri- well as to the manufacturer. It also set odicals, but they have not concentrated the standards for microcard cataloging Group effort on recommending specific and the specifications for quality of the titles. Naturally, everything suggested finished product. cannot be produced overnight, but fu- It seems to the writer that special li- ture publication policy is certain to be brarians are in a particularly strategic influenced by the demand. position to know what titles are espe- To keep up to date on future devel- cially needed in their various subject opments in the field of microcards, areas. If the SLA Groups were to make write to the Microcard Foundation, their desires known in sufficient quanti- Middletown, Connecticut, and ask to be ties, they could act as pressure groups to placed on its mailing list. Both your show the Microcard Foundation where- representative and the Foundation will in they can be most helpful. So far a welcome suggestions from librarians.

TRANSLATING AS A BUSINESS PROFESSION By CHARLES A. MEYER1 Former Lt. Col., Army Air Forces, and Chief of Translation Section, Air Docu- ments Division, U.S. Army Air Forces in London and Wright Field

RIOR to World War I, knowledge lems. Unless a person is well qualified to of and contacts with foreign lands, speak, read, write and thoroughly un- P especially Europe and Asia, were derstand various languages in all their more or less at a minimum as compared phases, it becomes necessary to revert to the present day. Since then, distances to communication through translation. measured in terms of the time required The word "translate" is taken from to negotiate them have been reduced the Latin word franslatus meaning through the development and progress "transferred" (past participle of trans- of technology and aviation, thus making ferre-trans, across and ferre, to bear.) it possible to reach foreign shores in There are, of course, other possible de- many cases by so-called "overnight" or finitions of the word "translate", but in "24-hour flight hops." The two World this article it is used to mean trans- Wars brought the peoples of all nations ferring from one language into another. into closer relationship with each other Very few people today are familiar through contact with the millions of our with or even aware of the actual work men who served in foreign lands during and requirements involved in transla- these wars. These changes wrought by tions. Thorough knowledge, accuracy time and progress still left a difficult and time are the main requisites neces- problem to surmount, that of making sary to complete a reliable and correct ourselves properly understood in the translation. Translating is generally many languages concerned. This be- thought of in terms of a simple method comes an important factor in view of of transcribing any article, document, the ever increasing business intercourse book or letter from one language into between nations, and presents technical, another, regardless of the subject mat- non-technical and commer cia1 prob- ter involved. Quite true-but not as simple as one may think. Let us ask 1 Present address: Charles A. Meyer & Co., Inc., 25 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, N. Y. ourselves as ordinary lay-people, if we 19491 TRANSLATING AS A BUSINESS PROFESSION 9 5 could, even with a good knowledge of operation, etc. This usually involves a our own English language, read and un- knowledge of engineering and mathe- derstand much of the terminology used matics. in such professions as medicine, law, After the translation has been return- science, engineering, etc. Yet we feel we ed by the translator, in the first or are fairly good students and perhaps "rough" stage, it goes to the editor or masters of the English language. A chief translator whose knowledge must linguist may know several languages in be broader and more varied than that addition to his mother tongue; perhaps of the translator. The editor may be he is able to read and generally under- compared to the teacher in school cor- stand them, but lacks proper interpre- recting papers. After editing, a checker tation, the most essential part of cor- in turn checks the translation with the rect translations. Literal translations original document against any possible made by some so-called translators are omissions. Following this the typist of very little value as they are usually finally prepares the particular finished accomplished by hunting the words in form required-either straight typing dictionaries and placing them, word for including copies, mimeograph form word, as they are arranged in the text of typing or typing preparatory to offset the original document regardless of printing reproduction. Now the transla- proper structure and meaning intended. tion is ready for the proofreader who, The result of such work is approximate- after making grammatic, punctuation ly zero. Translations, in order to con- and stenographic corrections, sends it to vey the proper interpretation and mean- the inserter who adds the formulas, ing, must be idiomatic and express equations, captions, tables, graphs, themselves in descriptive terminology charts, sketches, drawings and photo- of the original text. Technical and scien- graphs (photographic and detailed tific translations must always express drawing reproductions are usually made themselves in phraseology peculiar to with a reproducing machine of which that particular branch of science. Cer- several good makes are available). The tain idioms and so-called slang phrases final step before going to print or offset are often necessary to convey the printing, consists of a complete inspec- thought and establish proper meaning. tion by an expert checker whose duties Translating is a specialty profession, include paginating and collating. Fur- the same as law, medicine, engineering ther steps, depending upon the final and science. By no means is the person form of the translation desired, whether who generally speaks and understands pamphlet or book, are handled by the various languages qualified as a trans- printer; usually this is offset printing in lator. He must be able to understand booklet form. Here at last one has the and transfer into other languages the completed translation of the document. full sense and meaning of the article to For the industrial purchaser of trans- be translated, whatever its particular lations and also those who may some- field may be. Let us take for example, a time in the future desire to enter the document pertaining to the aeronautical field of professional translation, it might field. First the translator must have be well to set forth a few facts on pro- proper knowledge of the languages re- cedures and costs. To the average pur- quired; second, he must be familiar with chaser, translation costs are seemingly the aeronautical field in general and high until he understands and considers particularly with the phase called for in the details and actual costs involved. the document, be it engines, fuselage, First: It is natural to assume that the structure, mechanics, electronics, radar, documents to be translated have hereto- maintainance, performance, propellers, fore never been translated and have a 96 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March distinct and important value to indus- goes to the typist or copyist who is paid try. These are usually termed "individ- from $45 to $60 per week. ually requested translations" while Sixth: When the document is typed, others may be translations to be pub- it goes through the hands of the proof- lished for general industrial use. Where readers, checkers and inserters who re- translations are sold in quantity, the ceive from $50 to $75 per week. cost of copies is lower than that of in- Seventh: Competent stenographic dividual orders. secretaries are paid in accordance with Second: Translations are usually their various respective duties from made directly from the document itself, $60 to $100. in many cases microfilms are used. Eighth : Offset printing and binding These microfilms have to be "blown- averages about $2.75 per page for each up" or enlarged. The cost of this photo- 100 copies of the document if it is to be graphic work varies from nine to twen- published. ty-five cents a single page. Third: Translators fees vary from Ninth: Finally there are overhead, $8 to $30 dollars per each 1000 words taxes and the ever present administra- depending upon the nature of the tive headaches. document, whether it is technical or Translations vary in quality just as otherwise, and also upon the language do clothes, furnishings, food, etc. Cheap from and into which it is to be trans- translations are absolutely worthless in lated (there are over 300 known differ- most cases, since they lack accuracy, ent languages and dialects). especially in technical fields where Fourth: All translated documents re- wrong interpretations are often disas- quire editing and editors must be spe- trous and expensive. The old adage cialists in the line of work to which the always holds true-we get exactly what document pertains. Such editors receive we pay for. Cheap prices result in in- compensation of $100 per week and up. ferior quality, while good and reliable Fifth: From the editor the document quality demands higher prices.

SLA FORTIETH ANNUAL CONVENTION June 11-18, 1949 Hotel Biltmore, Los Angeles, California

AVE you made your plans to at- The tour, under the auspices of theNew tend SLA's Fortieth Annual Con- York Central Railroad with seven other H vention in the beautiful city of railroads cooperating, will leave New Los Angeles, June 11-18, 1949? If not, York, June 7, 1949, at 5 P. M. Eastern start to plan your vacation now! By this Standard Time. Special cars will be at- time you probably have received ad- tached en route from Boston, Albany, vance registration blanks, a list of con- up-state New York, and Cleveland so venient hotels with rates and the at- that members and friends may join the tractive brochure telling of the SLA tour at the most convenient spot. Mon- national tour planned for all members treal and Toronto members may make whether they live in Boston or New connections at either Buffalo or Chi- Orleans. cago while persons from Philadelphia, 19491 SLA FORTIETH ANNUAL CONVENTION 9 7

Baltimore, Washington and Pittsburgh Mark Hopkins, and Palace since no one will join the "SLA 40th Anniversary hotel can accommodate the entire group. Special" at Chicago. There will also be A special three-hour sight-seeing tour connections for Minneapolis and St. will take place that morning with a free Paul members in Kansas City where St. afternoon. The Chapter dinner is sched- Louis members and those from points uled for the Shanghai Low Restaurant south may also board the special train. where members may taste typical Grand Canyon will be the first stop Chinese food. for sight-seeing on Friday, June 10. A The tour of San Francisco Bay Re- morning drive over Hermit Rim Road gion Libraries conducted by the local along the brink of the chasm to Her- Chapter will take place on June 23 with mit's Rest will conclude with luncheon the special train scheduled to leave at at El Tovar Hotel where breakfast and 6:45 P. M. Arrival at Portland the next dinner will also be served. The after- afternoon will be followed by a five- noon drive through the beautiful forest hour tour to the Sanctuary of our Sor- will include the watchtower at Desert rowful Mother, Crown Point and the View. After dinner members and friends Vista House, Latourell Falls, Horsetail will watch the famous Hopi Indian Falls, Bonneville Dam and the Salmon dance. Hatchery with dinner scheduled at the The special train is scheduled to ar- Multnomah Falls. rive at Los Angeles on June 11 in time The Puget Sound Chapter has ar- for a welcoming luncheon by the South- ranged a breakfast in Seattle, June 24, ern California Chapter at Hotel Clark. at Hotel Olympic following the arrival In addition to the regular Convention of the 40th Anniversary Special. This is program, the week will be filled with an "early bird" breakfast in order to sail sight-seeing visits to the movie studios, from Seattle at 8 A. M. for Victoria. the beautiful Huntington Library and There will be ample time for sight- Art Gallery at Pasadena and an all-day seeing and shopping in Victoria that trip to Catalina on June 18. The special afternoon before leaving for Vancouver cars which have been waiting in Los at 11 P. M. with arrival the next morn- Angeles will then be boarded on Sun- ing. Breakfast and luncheon will be day, June 19, at 9:30 P. M. A two-day served at Vancouver Hotel with the tour of Yosemite National Park is sched- morning free for church services or uled for June 20 and 21. Motor buses sight-seeing. will leave Fresno on June 20 touring A tour is scheduled for that afternoon through Mariposa Grove of Big Trees, which will include Stanley Park, China- with luncheon at Big Trees Lodge, din- town, Marine Drive, Shaugsnessy Heights, ner and overnight at Wawona Hotel. across the harbor via Lions' Gate Suspen- June 21 will include a motor trip to the sion Bridge to the rugged grandeur of top of the mountains with luncheon at Capilano Canyon returning direct to the Glacier Point and return to Ahwahnee Canadian Pacific Station at 7: 15 P. M. Hotel for dinner. The awe-inspiring A two-day tour of Banff and Lake view of the Firefalls at 9 P. M. will be Louise will start upon arrival at Field the last glimpse of Yosemite before re- at 1: 50 P. M., June 27, with a motor trip turning to Merced and boarding the spe- scheduled to Emerald Lake via Natural cial train. Bridge, thence to Lake Louise via Yoho Arrival in San Francisco on June 22 Valley, Takkakaw Falls, Lake Wapta gives two days for sight-seeing, visits to and Continental Divide. Dinner is sched- libraries and a dinner by the San Fran- uled for Chateau Lake Louise with cisco Chapter that evening. Members room accommodations, breakfast and will stay at three hotels, the Fairmont, luncheon on Tuesday, June 28. 9 8 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March

There will be a motor trip to Banff breakfast, lunch and dinner; June 26, that afternoon via Johnson Canyon with breakfast, lunch and dinner; June 27, dinner and an overnight stay at Banff lunch and dinner; June 28, breakfast, Springs Hotel. A morning motor trip of lunch and dinner; June 29, breakfast Banff will take place on June 29 with and lunch. The tour will also include all the afternoon free for swimming, other gratuities for waiters serving these meals sports or sight-seeing. The tour train and transfer of all hand luggage, in- leaves Banff, June 29, at 4:45 P. M. ar- cluding gratuities, and staterooms on the riving at St. Paul, July 1, 7:05 P. M., boat. and Chicago at 3:05 P. M. If there is The tour does not include hotel ac- a sufficient number, sleepers will operate commodations in Los Angeles during straight through to New York, stopping the Convention, the Catalina Island tour to discharge passengers en route, with and meals on the trains which will be arrival in New York at 12:15 P. M., served at a special rate. Three pieces of Saturday, July 2, and in Boston at 2 :45 hand luggage are allowed per person on P. M. that date. the tour except in Yosemite National COST OF TOUR Park where but one piece of luggage is The following rates include round trip permitted (the balance will be checked rail and Pullman transportation as indi- by the tour escort.) Mrs. Ioan Beckham, cated to Los Angeles and sight-seeing Passenger Representative of the New as specified throughout the tour, hotel York Central Railroad, will accompany accommodations except in Los AngeIes the tour and a committee will plan en- (two persons to a room), meals as speci- tertainment on the train. You may join fied in tour such as, June 10, breakfast, or leave the tour wherever you wish if lunch and dinner; June 20 and 21, you have time to go only part way. breakfast, lunch and dinner; June 22, KATHLEENB. STEBBINS, breakfast; June 24, dinner; June 25, Executive Secretary.

RATES - To Two in Los Angeles Two in Compart- Drawing Room and Return Lower Upper One in Bedroom ment Two Three From Berth Berth Bedroom (Each) (Each) (Each) (Each) New York ...... $487.32 Buffalo ...... 450.58 Cleveland ...... 427.52 Boston ...... 497.41 Washington, D. C... 471.91 Chicago ...... 395.62 *Kansas City ...... 389.91 +Minneapolis ...... 388.08

*Does not include return Pullman from Chicago to Kansas City-rail included. t Does not include Pullman from Minneapolis to Kansas City-rail included. Please note a compartment reservation must include two persons and a drawing room two or three persons. Additional rates on request. NEW INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS July 1, 1948 - January 31, 1949 Airborne Instruments Laboratory, Inc. Commonwealth National Library Mr. Kenneth K. Shahabian, Librarian, (former- Mr. Harold H. White, Librarian ly Active) Parliament House 160 Old Country Road Canberra, A.C.T. Australia Mineola, New York Consumers Cooperative Association Cie. Alais, Froges & Camargue Miss Virginia A. Metcalf, Librarian Mr. Descans, Librarian Research Division Service de Documentation 1500 Iron Street 23 Rue de Balzac North Kansas City 13, Missouri Paris 8e, France Continental Oil Company Barnes, Hickam, Pantzer & Boyd Mr. J. H. Snyder Mrs. Virginia McCarty, Librarian Drawer 1257 1313 Merchants Bank Building Ponca City, Oklahoma Indianapolis 4, Indiana The Daily Mail Bendix Radio Division Mrs. Wilma Higginbotham, Librarian Mrs. E. P. Swanner, Librarian Editorial Department Engineering Library Charleston 30, West Virginia East Joppa Road Towson 4, Maryland Dearborn Motors Corporation Miss Leola Michaels, Librarian, (formerly Ac- Benton & Bowles, Inc. tive) Mrs. A. J. O'Leary, Librarian, (formerly Ac- 15050 Woodward Avenue tive) Detroit 3, Michigan 444 Madison Avenue New York 22, New York Dravo Corporation Mrs. Margaret S. Sullivan Bonneville Power Administration Controller's Office Mr. Morris S. Isseks, Librarian Neville Island P. 0. Box 3537 Pittsburgh 25, Pennsylvania Portland 8, Oregon Eastern Gas and Fuel Association British Columbia Telephone Company Research Department Miss Theodora G. Rhodes, Librarian Miss Mary E. McIsaac, Librarian 768 Seymour Street 250 Stuart Street Vancouver, British Columbia Boston 16, Massachusetts

Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corporation Ecole des Beaux-Arts de Montreal Mr. J. C. Andrews, Librarian Miss Lucile Quimet, Librarian K-25 Technical Library Plant Records De- 3450 St. Urbain Street partment Montreal, Quebec P.O. Box P Canada Oak Ridge, Tennessee Engineer Research 8a Development Labora- Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corporation tories Mrs. Jane Uffelman, Technical Librarian Miss Emalee I. Ewing, Librarian, (also Ac- Y 12 Plant tive) P.O. Box P Technical Intelligence Department Oak Ridge, Tennessee Fort Belvoir, Virginia

The Champion Paper and Fibre Company Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Research Department Miss Anne Patricia Wallgren, Librarian, (also Mr. David R. Weiser, Librarian Active) 601 North B Street 9th and Franklin Street Hamilton, Ohio Richmond 13, Virginia 100 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March

General Electric Company Pan American Coffee Bureau Miss Anne J. West, Librarian, (former Mem- Miss Virginia Richardson, Librarian ber) 120 Wall Street Employee Relations Division New York 5, New York 570 Lexington Avenue New York 22, New York Scranton Times Mr. John A. Johnston, Librarian Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Company Reference Department Mrs. Mamie W. Spencer, Librarian Scranton 1, Pennsylvania 4261 Central Avenue Los Angeles 11, California Mrs. Helen Sprackling, Director Public Relations Government of Puerto Rico 219 East 49th Street Department of the Interior New York 17, New York Mrs. Lillian S. De Romas Antonini, Librarian Public Works Division State Mutual Life Assurance Company San Juan, Puerto Rico Mr. William C. Johnstone Actuarial Department Indiana University Medical Center 340 Main Street Miss Rita Lee Downing, Librarian, (also As- Worcester 8. Massachusetts sociate) Dental Library Stavid Engineering, Inc. 1121 West Michigan Street Miss Carol Bronston, Librarian Indianapolis 2, Indiana Research Department 40 Somerset Street Insurance Company of North America Plainfield, New Jersey Training School Library Mrs. Jeannette D. Bold, Librarian J. P. Stevens & Company, Inc. Education Department Miss Doris Tingley, Librarian Philadelphia 1, Pennsylvania Research Deparpnent 44 Leonard Street Insurance Society of New York New York 13, New York Miss Mabel B. Swerig, Librarian, (formerly Active) Survey Institute, Inc. 107 William Street Miss Jean F. McIntyre, Librarian, (former New York 7, New York Member) 37 Wall Street New York 5, New York Istanbul Yildiz Teknik Okulu Mr. Ulvi Yumten, Chief Librarian Technical Department Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. Bay Ulvi Yumten-Yildiz Teknik Okulu Mrs. Ivy Schirrman, Librarian Istanbul, Besiktas, Turkey Central Engineering Department 40-22 Lawrence Street ' Flushing, L. I., New York Joseph E. Seagram & Sons, Inc. Miss Elizabeth Wynne Tell Market Research Department Miss Claire M. Pothoff 405 Lexington Avenue Research Department New York 17, New York 507 Fifth Avenue New York 17, New York Lion Oil Company Research Division Toledo State Hospital Mr. Leslie Velossy, Librarian Mrs. Sylvia D. Kaiser, Librarian El Dorado, Arkansas Library, Box 1438 Toledo 3, Ohio Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research University of Rochester Library Dr. Raymond L. Young, Librarian Mr. John R. Russell, Librarian, (formerly Ac- 22 1 West Central tive) Albuquerque, New Mexico Rochester 3, New York 19491 SLA CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS

Workmen's Compensation Board U.S. Veterans Administration Hospital Mr. A. I. Lieberman - Library Mrs. D. S. Fields, Chief Librarian 80 Centre Street Batavia, New York New York 13, New York

SLA CHAPTER

Chapter Highlights column for this month H. O'Leary, which appeared in Printers' Ink, was prepared by Catherine Mack, of Coming vol. 255, pp. 48-63,December 10, 1948. Glass, and Olive Kennedy, now of Amos Par- A cartoon of a harassed librarian appeared rish Ba Company, Inc., both members of the in Tide for November 5, 1948. Our NEW Chapter Relations Committee, while the Chair- YORKCHAPTER president informs us that you man was visiting the LOUISIANACHAPTER. may win a carton of your favorite cigarettes Her visit there overflowed with heart-warm- by sending in a caption to the editor of Tide. ing hospitality and an inspiring enthusiasm for If your caption is used you win the prize. The SLA. The two-day meeting was held at Baton more good captions sent in the more librarians Rouge headquarters at the Faculty Club of will be before the eyes of Tide readers. the University of Louisiana. Guests at a re- PLACEMENTSERVICE 4, ception on Friday, February were Johanna We note the local ILLINOISSLA Employ- R. Wolff, Chief Librarian, Children's Depart- ment Committee has been active in filling ment, Public Library, the Hague, who is visit- positions not only in its own state but in ing U. S. libraries on an UNESCO scholar- other states. That brings to mind, are Chap- ship, and Alice Lohrer, Assistant Professor of ters taking care of placement requests as Library Science, University of Illinois. On quickly and efficiently as they should? To do Saturday morning Mrs. Owens spoke to the this the local Employment Chairman should Group on what makes a good SLA chapter. be informed of all members wishing to make The meeting was attended by SLA'ers from a change whether within the Chapter area or all over the State of Louisiana and every one outside. Applications for positions outside of was delighted to see Mary Herren, Librarian, the Chapter area will be forwarded by the local Pan American Refining Corporation, who flew Employment Chairman to Headquarters Office in from Texas City, Texas, for the meeting. for listing. Placement service is limited to Active, Institutional and Student members. ?HAVEYOU READ? Whenever you hear of a prospective opening, . . . the very clever running account of the contact your local Employment Chairman or 39th annual convention of the Special Libra- your Chapter President as well as advising the ries Association which was written by Jane prospective employer of the existence of the Brewer, Convention chairman, and which ap- local SLA Employment Committee. peared as an appendix to the Library of Con- gress Information Bulletin, June 1948. Copies CHAPTERBULLETINS are available upon request to Mrs. Kathleen B. Special mention should be made of the Stebbins or Mrs. Elizabeth W. Owens. excellent bulletins issued by our baby chap- . . . The Judas Cat, by Dorothy Salisbury ter, the KANSASCITY (Heart of America) Davis, who was a former active SLA member CHAPTER. Congratulations to its editor, Rich- from the ILLINOISCHAPTER and former As- ard C. Gremling of the Linda Hall Library. sistant Librarian at Swift and Company. The While we are mentioning excellent bulletins, book, a mystery, was published by Scribners, we give a bow to the Newspaper Group for January 1949. its new bulletin. Sincere congratulations to Editor Milton Prensky, of Pathfinder News 1949 . . . "Agency Library Service With a Magazine, and his editorial assistants. Label," by Delphine V. Humphrey, which ap- WESTERNNEW YORK is asking for sugges- peared in Advertising and Selling, vol. 41, pp. tions for a masthead for its bulletin. We December 1948. 53-54, shall look forward eagerly to the results of this "How Can An Advertising Agency . . . interesting contest. We think this is an ex- Establish a Library of its Own?" by Martha cellent idea and recommend that all bulletin editors re-read Section "Chapter Bulletins," 1 SLA Group Highlights were received by page 4, December 1948, Chapter Town Crier, the Editor too late to be published in this which carries some suggestions of what the issue. They will appear next month. Chapter bulletin should include. 102 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March

AUDIO-VISUALDOCUMENTATION General Electric Company, is the new Presi- John H. Moriarty, Director, Purdue Uni- dent. versity Library, and INDIANAmember, writes On December 1, at Drumlins, the members in "Audio-Visual Documentation": "Are we of the Syracuse area had a recruitment meeting special librarians being thrown off the scent at which time Barbara Murtz of the Dean of of sound (and pictorial) information by the Women's Office, Syracuse University, was public librarians' hue and cry for films? Films guest speaker. Miss Murtz stressed the need for the public library are popular and general for active cooperation with high school level but universities and research institutes are people in vocational guidance, graphic pub- setting forth some highly needed data in films licity material, personal contact, etc.; also which are on a wide range of very technical for recruiting literature which would indicate subjects. Yet their physical bulkiness makes the positive values of the work, plus being them so unwieldy and their cost is so high clear, attractive and "eye appealing." that the special librarian, always short on From Lona Coates (WESTERNNEW YORK): funds and equipment, may be shying away "We called Carrier one Friday night to borrow from what is at present real documentation a copy of the A.S.H. & V.E. Trans. The fol- and will be in the future increasingly impor- lowing Sunday morning at 9:30, Eleanor Gib- tant. son called from our local airport announcing that she had flown the book down. Something "Notably the films produced for graduate new in inter-library loan service!" level of instruction are something which John T. Skelton of the Jackson County Li- special librarians should not miss. But, ad- brary in Independence, Missouri, one of the mittedly, there is not thoroughness in many founders and mainstays of the KANSASCITY areas of interest and this is the trap for us CHAPTER,was pictured in papers all over the specials. We will fail to check on the existence country examining the reproduction of the of films for some very significant problem for Gutenberg Bible on which President Truman which they would give documentation and took the oath of office at the November elec- may even be the best material. Sources are tion. The Chamber of Commerce of Independ- in the news notes and topical articles in the ence underwrote the $5,000 cost of the two- technical journals of almost every field. The volume work. special librarian would do well to keep a card The Professional Activities Committee, SLA, file of films appropriate to her clients when announces a second course, "Introduction to she notices statements about them as she scans Library Techniques," which began on Tuesday, her library journals." February 8, in WASHINGTON,D. C. This course, designed to instruct the sub-professional li- NEWS brary assistant in the technical operations in On October 1, Caroline Lutz of DETROIT general usage at this operative level, includes celebrated her twenty-fifth anniversary with such techniques as: circulation methods and the Research Laboratories Division of Gen- procedures, book purchasing routines and rec- eral Motors Corporation. That date might ords, simple processing and preparation of ma- well have marked the silver anniversary of the terials, filing, inter-library loan service, etc. Library which Miss Lutz has built from a mere This sounds like an excellent idea for Chapter collection of books, servicing a small group of projects everywhere. men, into one of the finest organized industrial The December 4, 1949, issue of the New libraries in the country used by the entire Yorker carries an item about Mr. Frederick GMC as well as by many outsiders. Adams, Jr., who has just been appointed as We are sorry to hear that Mrs. Mabel G. Director of the Pierpont Morgan Library. It Olney has resigned as President of WESTERN describes him as a "happy and well-connected NEW YORK CHAPTER because of ill health. librarian!' Assuming, we presume, that most Alice V. Neil, Librarian, Research Laboratory, librarians are unhappy and disconnected. SLA PUBLICATIONS Cumulative Statement on Publications in Print as of December 31, 1948

- - -- No. Inst. Copies Total Receipts Date Name of Publication Cost Printed Given Sold To Date

1937 Social Welfare: Subject Headings List ...... $ 293.25 1937 Guides to Business Facts and Figures ...... 557.69 1940 Banking and Financial Subject Headings ...... 396.35 194 1 Creation and Development of An Insurance Library ...... 59.0 1 ...... ? 300 270.50 $1946&47 Special Library Resources, Vol. 2-4...... 19,658.72 ...... t 879 (Sets) 14,540.46 1943 Contributions Toward a Special Library Glossary...... 60.3 1 1943 Index to American Petroleum Statistics ...... 46.48 1944 Handbook of Commercial, Financial, and Inf. Services 2,221.47 1945 Classification and Cataloging of Maps and Atlases...... 3,019.02 1945 List of Subject Headings for Chemistry Libraries ...... 52 1.08 19468~47Directory of Microfilm Services...... 365.56 1947 Union List of Technical Periodicals ...... 2,321.29 1948 Directory of Members of SLA...... 704.13 1948 Classification Schemes and Subject Headings List (Supplementary List) ...... 4.63 * Additional copies mimeographed at headquarters. t No records kept. $ 1941 Special Library Resources Vol. 1 (Now out of print) ...... $ 5,178.39 1,500 ...... 1,166 $ 6,536.00 COMMENTS FROM MEMBERS [Since several letters have been received Please don't misunderstand that as a criti- from SLA members commenting on the articles cism of Mrs. Stebbins-the Board, which appearing in the September issue of SPECIAL authorized it, must take full responsibility. LIBRARIES,the President and Editor thought it Where Headquarters is concerned, I feel that would be of interest to the membership to read we are being penny wise and pound foolish the various viewpoints as presented by these and saving money and checking on Mrs. Steb- communicafions. Abstracts of the most repre- bins in the wrong places. If we are to con- sentative are given here. tinue to employ Mrs. Stebbins, we should This column is not a regular feature of the show her the courtesy of confidenc+give her magazine.] policy directives and leave her to carry them out within budgetary limits. She should not A PLEA FOR POLICY represent us in strictly professional matters It is necessary to stress that if we set pro- except in rare cases but in management, she fessional standards for membership, these will should be supported. I do not feel she has been apply to top classes in which such privileges but rather that she has been unnecessarily as voting, holding national office and Group harassed over petty matters. membership will be confined but we will prob- I forgot to mention in reference to the ably have to make some provision for mem- Fountain Report that one of the reasons for bership of interested people and for sub-pro- much of his apparent misunderstanding is his fessionals. These would not carry the above- ba4c thesis that we should be considered as a mentioned privileges but would allow such Trade Association. To my mind there is no people to belong and possibly be active in the comparison. Chapters (provided they did not hold office.) RUTH SAVORD. Such organizations as the engineering and chemical societies have such standards and have no hesitancy about turning down people ANOTHER CROSSROADS who cannot meet them. Either we are-or we In 1921 when I became a member of SLA, are not-a truly professional organization. the Association had reached another "cross- As far as my Committee goes, it can do roads". As a new member of the then small nothing until policy is decided and even then, Association, I was privileged "to be there" for I prefer to present a well thought-out list of a real battle. As I remember, some of the suggested changes which would be discussed original members, who had by gargantuan at the Convention in June and then embodied personal efforts built up the organization, were into Constitutional changes on the basis of then easing up for the long, smooth road ahead, such discussion and presented at the next Con- when suddenly at the forks, the directions for ference. the future became confused. It was then that I read with interest-and I must admit, the retiring forces had to roll up their sleeves horror-the Fountain Report. My suggestion and go to hard work again to redirect the is that it be chucked in the wastebasket as an Association. expensive and major mistake and not waste I am shocked to find that I am one of the the valuable time of the Board and Ad- now "old guard" at still another "crossroads". visory Council discussing such nonsense. The As one not now identified with any library, I only sensible suggestions have been made by am writing to you for what it is worth. I have many people beforethe rest is the most lived through several cycles; I have par- blatant nonsense I've ever read, especially the ticipated in the development of a Chapter, and suggested Constitution. The Advisory Council I have gone up to the peaks and down into will be at a disadvantage since Miss Cole's the valleys of several Groups, but I have al- summary gives no real idea of the Report. I ways remained a member of SLA. give you full leave-and in fact I should like Reading the September issue of SPECIAL you-to quote me on this. LIBRARIES,I was more than interested in the I understand that Mr. Paradis' article has President's report and proud that we have annoyed some people. Personally, I agree fully achieved a place among associations to war- with his thesis when I hear that the budget has rant a Secretary with a large staff, and new been overspent by $8,000-most of which, I headquarters. Then I became alarmed by the presume, is due to the elaborate outfitting of implications of the following reports and "sig- Headquarters. I'm glad that we have been nificant" articles. able to secure proper space but I see no It occurs to me that much too much empha- reason why second-hand furniture wouldn't sis can be placed on the work of headquarters have served. if the Fountain Report should be accepted in 19491 COMMENTS FROM MEMBERS 105 all its parts. This report could be the recom- ship. As you know, all action is progressive mendations for a trade association rather than and the more active the membership, the for a professional association in which mem- stronger the organization. A passive member- bers are peculiarly tied together by their ac- ship is never a good thing. It tends to higher tivities in local Chapters and national Groups. expenses at Headquarters and higher dues for Policy making does not belong to a Secretary's the members. office. It should play its part between the For example, in the National Audubon So- President, the Executive Board, the Chapter ciety with which I am familiar, a far-flung presidents, the Group chairmen, and the mem- membership is contributing to furthering con- bers in a working synthesis of the whole or- servation and it is imperative that the funds ganization. The mounting costs for such an be distributed by a strong central office. On over-stressed office and its management may, the other hand in a society based on service over a period of years, become a greater burden to members, only their active participation can than a value to individual members. insure success. Past history of SLA proves As a reader of SPECIAL LIBRARIES,I find that our growth and success is due to the that I learn little of the current activities of efforts of its national Officers, Chapters and either Chapters or Groups. If a greater ex- Groups, with the cooperation of the entire penditure were allowed for complete coverage membership. of the proceedings of all the working parts of A significant fact to consider is the pro- the Association in SPECIALLIBRARIES, the one posed decentralization movement in A.L.A. publication that to outsiders as well as mem- Perhaps we should study their reasons. If as bers represents the Association, I wonder if is stated, we are spending in excess of our members and subscribers would not be better income, it would seem to be good business served. policy to pare off non-essentials, re-evaluate A case in point. Recently I sent some SLA Committee programs, and reduce travelling ex- publications to a business executive who may penses incidental to less important Chapter be interested in establishing an information visits. center. The follow-up of a possible intensified I am opposed to Recommendation 4. In- interest in this particular instance might better stead of eliminating the ballot I would favor come from a Group chairman than from adding a choice of two candidates for president- routine, office-managed sources. Yet I cannot elect, thus making election more democratic. turn to any issue of SPECIALLIBRARIES and Selection of officers by a Board of Directors, find a current list of all officers, national, local, if, as I understand it, is to be by show of hand and group. (It is true that a list is published (an outmoded practice) would eliminate Di- once a year. Miss Mitchill in her report states rectors themselves,-perhaps the best material that it has been recommended to list officers, for office. but that the budget does not permit.) I have EDITH PORTMAN. always had courteous and prompt responses * * * from the Secretary, yet if I had proper infor- AN INSIDE VIEW mation in SPECIALLIBRARIES, in many cases I Impressed as I am with the note of sin- should not have to contact her office. cerity running through Miss Savord's article, Another plea. I have just visited a brand "Seen from the Sidelines," in the May-June new library under the direction of a librarian issue of SPECIAL LIBRARIES, I do feel that new in the field. It was brought to my atten- there is another view. I speak as a member tion how well the Association through many active in local and, to some extent, national years has paved the way for both the librarian affairs of the Association. and those who sponsor the physical set up. As is well known, our membership has more Yet the history of the Association has not even than doubled in a few short years. This large yet been sufficiently stressed to make new- expansion had been occurring quite steadily comers aware of what it means to belong and and was intensified during the war period. The contribute to the Association through personal tremendous increase came as a huge wave of efforts. demand for libraries and librarians when, of JESSIE CALLANKENNEDY. necessity, libraries and librarians were occupied * * * with many wartime affairs, which as the phrase COMMENTS AND OBJECTIONS has it, took priority. My first reaction to the Fountain report as Insufficient time plus an overload circum- a whole, is the inadvisability of centralizing vented substantial advances as well as per- so many of the activities of the Association in mitting newer members to achieve full stature the office of an executive secretary, instead of as both they and the membership in its en- depending on the officers as the elected repre- tirety keenly desired. While we have been sentatives of the members to carry on the growing vertically, primarily in membership, work of the Association through the member- there are very substantial indications that we SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March

are moving into a more definite organization full roster of recent developments, both locally which will enable more members to make and nationally would reveal quite a number of such contributions as has been the basis for normal activities that have supplanted tem- the establishment and the growth of the Asso- porary and urgent affairs occasioned by re- ciation. duced staffs, longer hours, vanishing space, Progress, however, has been made even new content and increased costs. though under limitations. As an instance, a Personally, I feel that as we bring our or- distinct step ahead is noted in the Chapter ganization and its units closer to the individual Bulletins of recent seasons. This is quite uni- member we shall see the opportunities for form throughout all Chapters. This growth is fuller participation accepted and the Associa- the outcome of the Chapter Bulletins Round tion move forward. The splendid alertness Table that had its beginning in the very and enthusiasm of our newer members, coupled period under discussion. Originating formally, with the vision and experience of our long- in 1942, the Round Table continued until it time members, strengthens the knowledge that now has become an active and integral func- the Special Libraries Association will continue tion of the Second Vice-president's office. to function as a superior organization. This progress is by no means a temporary ANTHONY F. RUNTJ~. stage. It has been definitely centered into *** concrete terms which is now the "Chapter LET'S FACE THE SITUATION Bulletin Manual," an important section of the I do think that we are departing from the Chapter Manual. original intent of the Association by building The Bulletin Manual actually has been an up a paid organization (headquarters staff) unfoldment which was recognized from the which is absorbing more and more a great germ of an idea before the Round Table was portion of our financial revenues. It may be initiated or thought of in those terms. Prima- that we are spending too much of our revenues rily written by Miss Helen D. Hertell of the on administrative tasks with not enough left Connecticut Chapter, it has grown out of dis- to produce worthwhile projects of benefit to cussions at annual meetings, through letters, the Association as a whole. I admit that a expressions of need by potential and future paid staff is better equipped to handle the editors, consultation with professional journal- necessary routine promptly and efficiently, but ists and preliminary discussions at the Boston can we afford a large staff? It seems to me and Chicago sessions led by Miss Hertell. Com- that any additional financial resources we get pact in form, each and every word carries go to enlarge our headquarters personnel, office much weight. It is of immense aid to the space, equipment, etc. Therefore, I wonder editor who may be a neophite, and serves if our professional output has increased in pro- equally well as a checklist for the experienced portion to the increase in revenue in the last editor. It has been a spade-work job urgently eight years? I feel that the Association is needed and appreciated. losing the interest of its members by not Not to be overlooked in this appraisal of having to rely more on their direct participa- Association activities are the in-service train- tion in its activities. ing courses offered by the Groups to their Now to take up some of Mr. Paradis' points membership. The Advertising Group Course more specifically. Since the President of the has been offered and well received for a Association is first elected as First Vice-Presi- fourth time in as many successive years. The dent, I do not see where Mr. Paradis derives Financial Group Course is in its second season his contention that our President "is not even and the Insurance Group Course was initiated elected." It is true that only one candidate for this past season. These in-service training the office of First Vice-president is presented courses are conducted by the New York Chap- by the Nominating Committee, but that pro- ter to meet a vital need. cedure falls in line with that suggested in the Recently the national Science-Technology Fountain report Recommendation 3, which re- Group has placed membership data on punch- port Mr. Paradis recommends. It is true that ed cards. Two seasons ago this Group sub- for a number of years the Executive Board divided its membership into subsections. Simi- has held closed sessions, but its records are larly, the Social Science Group is engaged in available to any interested member. this same activity. The revised edition of Since Mr. Paradis mentioned the Fountain the Selected List of Labor Statistics, a report, I should like to take this opportunity Social Science Group project, will soon be in to express my reactions to some of its recom- print. The Science-Technology Group has mendations. Although I agree in part with been active in presenting library service pos- the report, I find myself in disagreement with sibilities to various scientific organizational Mr. Fountain's definition of democracy as ex- conventions and conferences. These are but pressed in some of his recommendations. I some of the indications of advances made. A have in mind those dealing with the nomina- COMMENTS FROM MEMBERS tion and election of officers and the Associa- ever, it seems to me that it is not the purpose tion's Directors. I do not favor Recommenda- of an SLA Chapter to serve as a general local tions 3 and 4. I do feel that the Advisory library group no matter how valuable such a Council as now constituted should have a group may be to the local picture. But the more direct part in influencing the decisions Chapters cannot clarify their situation as long of the Executive Board. This could be done as the national Association has not taken the perhaps, as it used to be done, by the Execu- concrete steps necessary to remedy the situ- tive Board holding open meetings and voting ation on the national level. on matters of policy in the presence and with I think that it is necessary to have an effi- the advice of the Advisory Council. The sys- cient headquarters staff, but for the sake of tem to be tried this year at Cleveland is a the Association's survival we need more than right step in that direction. I do not see, new office space, new physical equipment, etc. however, how a Board made up of about forty We need a restatement or re-evaluation of the members, if the Fountain Recommendation 26 basic principles on which SLA is based. If is adopted, can function efficiently particularly the original set of principles have served their when dealing with matters of a purely routine usefulness and should be replaced or modified nature. If such a recommendation is adopted, then let us do so, but whatever we accept in I venture to guess that there would come into their place must be stated clearly and be an existence an Executive Committee consisting improvement on what we may discard. of a large board of Directors, and that this I am concerned about this continuous pro- committee would be charged with the duties cess of adding to our difficulties without first now carried out by the Executive Board. stopping to do the basic cleaning out which I think that by adopting Recommendation 27 needs to be done. Surveys must end some- and eliminating the ballot we would be nar- time and be replaced by action before it is too rowing instead of broadening the democratic late. It is clear that our structure needs al- process. Direct vote for the Association's terations on the grand scale, and it is clear officers and directors is the one thing enjoyed also where some of that alteration must be now by the whole membership. I do not undertaken without any more surveys. What think that we could improve the situation by we really need is the courage to face the situ- delegating our right to vote, I should say duty ation and correct it. to vote, and by taking away from the members PAUL GAY. this one concrete and direct expression of their *** participation in the activities of the Asso- SLA IN PERSPECTIVE ciation. Comment by an Alumna of 1930-39 As you well know, I feel strongly that num- Is SLA developing as a professional asso- bers are not indicative of the strength of a ciation? Is the emphasis in its activities professional organization. An association of on broad contributions toward an enlightened 3,000 active members is infinitely stronger effort to "Put Knowledge to work"? Or has than a group of 5,000, half of whom are but over attention to the mechanics of association mildly interested. It seems to me that we management or to specific activities for in- must redefine the requirements for member- dividual advancement obscured the vision of a ship-redefine them not in vague generalities goal to be achieved by united effort? Impor- but in terms of what the Association really tant articles bearing on these questions ap- stands for and is trying to do. Are we repre- peared in the September and October issues senting a group of people in specialized fields of SPECIALLIBRARIES. Of these perhaps the or are we trying to function as a general library most illuminating as measures of the vision group? Not only is it foolish but unintelli- and professional understanding of the con- gent as well for us to embark on membership tributors (in turn a reflection of Association campaigns to gather in all and sundry and outlook) are the articles which appeared in thereby add to our difficulties of trying to fit September by Miss Savord; Mr. Paradis; and these people into an organization they should Miss Cole on the Fountain Report; and the not have joined in the first place. A brief reports of Mrs. Strieby and the Secretary in analysis of our Chapter membership revealed, October. that if SLA membership were strictly defined It was in a spirit of broad professional and adhered to, about one-fourth of our mem- effort that SLA was founded. So it progressed bership would not qualify as SLA members. through many years of stimulating companion- Most of these people belong to the public and ship for those who pooled experience and college and university (departmental excepted) benefited from discussion and evaluation of general libraries. I feel sure that the reason effort, but in terms of professional contribu- they joined an SLA Chapter was because we tion and not of financial gain. It is a belief are the only active local library organization in such companionship in growth that marks offering them some professional contacts. How- Mrs. Strieby's outstanding contribution to 108 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March

SLA as a professional association. So, too, it Though SLA is at the crossroads, the broad- pervades Miss Savord's study of how best to er outlook of the Association as a whole dem- afford such opportunities through Group re- onstrated in many other ways, exceeds the organization. present materialism handicapping some phases. Too many leaders, with enlightened standards But do SLA members as a whole want a and in high places, are still active to let the professional association or would the more objectives of a professional association be materialistic organization implied in the other long obscured. In the long run SLA can be articles be as welcome to the rank and file? counted upon to move forward, freed from The Secretary's report, a measure of the con- materialism. To quote, with appreciation, tinuing life of the Association, emphasizes from Mrs. Strieby's report, "Now is yesterday's placement, mechanics, recruiting and pub- tomorrow has significant meaning for all who licity-all good enough in their way. But is do not tolerate tunnel vision." that enough? MARIAN C. MANLEY.

EVENTS and PUBLICATIONS1

Recognizing that work on standardization Executive Secretary of the Institute of Traffic has recently reached a professional status and Engineers. that there is an increasing need for literature Editor of the publication is S. P. Kaidanov- on the subject, a group of individuals inter- sky, Chief of the Research and Technical Ser- ested in standardization has just published the vices Division, Standards Branch, Bureau of first issue of a new magazine, Standards World, Federal Supply, U. S. Treasury Department. the second publication in the United States de- Mr. Kaidanovsky is Technical Consultant to voted exclusively to standardization. The first the Federal Specifications Board and is a issue. (Vol. 1, No. 1, Winter 1948) became former Consultant for the Department of the available late in December. Unlike the first Navy. An impressive list of specialists in magazine in this field (Standardization, month- standardization and in related fields in which ly news magazine of the American Standards standards are important, makes up the Edi- Association), the new publication is a quar- torial Advisory Board, one of whose members terly journal published under priva* auspices. is Miss Rose L. Vormelker, national Presi- (Washington, D. C. Box 7593, Benjamin dent, SLA. In addition to those in the United Franklin Station. Subscription price $7.50 per States, the list includes standardization author- year, postpaid.) ities in Brazil, Canada, India, Italy, New The purpose of the new journal is defined Zealand and South Africa. as: RUTH E. MASON, Editor, "To communicate coordinated information American Standards Association. about standards activities; to serve as an in- *** dependent vehicle for the newest thoughts and Pharmacists in the past few years have been ideas on standards; to chronicle the limitless asked to fill hundreds of foreign prescriptions. aspects of standardization and its philosophy; Very often they have been unable to determine to be both its history and its encyclopedia.. ." the composition of such prescriptions because The broad scope of the publication in carry- lists of foreign drugs, similar to Gutman's ing out this purpose is indicated by the con- MODERN DRUG ENCYCLOPEDIAand Drug tents of the first issue. Thirteen signed arti- Topic's RED BOOK,are not available. Phar- cles on the philosophy and theory of standard- macists are calling more and more upon the ization, on standardization programs in differ- pharmaceutical firms for help in determining ent industries, and standardization work in what the foreign drugs are and if American other countries form the principal features. equivalents are known. Among the contributors are Dr. E. U. Condon, To help meet this ever-increasing need, a Director of the National Bureau of Standards; new service is now available. Under the aus- S. P. Kaidanovsky, Editor of Standards World; pices of a committee of the Pharmaceutical W. R. Hebblewhite, Director of the Australian Section of the Special Libraries Association, Standards Association, and Robert S. Holmes, the first issue of Unlisted Drugs was published in January. A cooperative undertaking by li- 'Where it is possible the Editor has given brarians of American pharmaceutical firms, the prices for publication noted in this section. first issue of this publication is set up in a The omission of n price does not necessarily iorm suitable for clipping and filing. indicate that fhe publication is free. The first number contains the names of 19491 EVENTS AND PUBLICATIONS 109 drugs marketed abroad by affiliates of Ameri- College, Pennsylvania, Mr. McClelland was a cnn firms under different trade names. The member of Sigma Nu and later designed the equivalent American names are given for each coat-of-arms which was adopted by the na- drug. Since distribution of American-made tional fraternity. drugr is now world-wide, it is expected that The Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh was this iwue will be especially useful. So far as opened in 1895 and immediately the demand it is known, this is the firat such compilation for scientific and technical books led to the attempted. establishment of the first departmental library Subaequent irsues of Unlisted Drugs will which dealt specifically with technical litera- contain inforxmtion on known names, compo- ture. Mr. McClelland was first assistant in sition, manufacturer, indications, dosages and, the Department and in 1908 was made Tech- when known, American equivalents of new nology Librarian. He was largely responsible foreign drugs described in scientific journals. for the purchase of complete sets of foreign Similar data will be provided for American scientific journals and basic reference books, experimental drugs as soon as reports are pub- many of which are rare today. liahed in the scientific literature. As they At the beginning of 1917 he launched the appear, new American trade marked prepara- Technical Book Review Index which was dis- tions will be accorded similar treatment. continued by the Library in 1928. Publication Only names of drugs not listed in the fol- was resumed by the Special Libraries Asso- lowing sources, which are considered basic by ciation and since 1939 it has been compiled the committee, will appear in Unlisted Drugs: and edited in the Technology Department UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIA,BRITISH under the supervision of Mr. McCleliand. PHARMACOPOEIA,Gutman's MODERN DRUG Under his guidance the mailing list of 366 ENCYCLOPEDIAand supplements, Martindale's names has grown to 1137, more than 200 of EXTRA PHARMACOPOEIA,Ludwig's REPJZRTOR- which are from foreign countries. IUM PHARMAZEtJTISCIiER SPEZIALPRAPARATE One of his earliest endeavors was the estab- and supplements, and GEHES CODEXand sup- lishment of a trade catalog collection which plements. became probably the largest in existence. Non-cooperating libraries, schools, industrial Under his guidance the Department has built concerns and any others interested in Unlisted a large number of special files and indexes, Drugs may enter a subscription. Early sub- most of which remain unpublished. An ex- scription is suggested, ar copies of the first ception, the Trade-Names Index, was pub- issues may not be available to later subscribers. lished in 1941 by the Special Libraries Asso- Price $5.00 a year. ciation. Another important service has been Further information may be obtained from the publication of some 60 bibliographies com- Miss Winifred Sewell, Librarian, E. R. Squibb piled by Mr. McClelland or under his direc- and Sons, 25 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn 2, tion. One of them, Review of Iron and Steel New York. Literature has been published annually since * * 1917. In 1946, the Department began the pub- The first postwar edition of A~SECURANZ-lication of Science and Technology, a quarter- COMPASS, the standard reference for interna- ly annotated list of additions to the Library. tional insurance statistics, has just been pub- When the Pittsburgh Special Libraries As- lished in Vienna. This new edition lists names sociation was organized in 1922, Mr. McClel- and addresses of insurance companies, their land gave the first small group of pioneers his officers, the geographical scope of their opera- encouragement and support, and through the tions and statistics of their capital and hold- years has been an unfailing friend and ad- ings. Although the contents have increased visor both to the Chapter and to individual due to the inclusion of added data, a slightly librarians. reduced format makes the volume more com- But Mr. McClelland insists that his chief pact than prewar editions. Copies are obtain- professional achievement has been matri- able in this country from Stechert-Hafner, Inc., monial. His first marriage was to Miss Grace 31 East Tenth St., New York 3, N. Y. E. Windsor, of the Carnegie Library of Pitts- burgh. He was widowed in 1941 and four years later mamed Mrs. Mabelle M. Runner, Announcements a former president of the Pittsburgh Chapter of SLA. Ellwood H. McCldland Retiru He has been a member of some 20 technical At the beginning of 1949, after 45 yearn of and other professional societies and is a Fellow aervice in the Technology Department of the of the American Association for the Advance- Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, Ellwood H. ment of Science. He has had a diversity of McClelland retired from his position as Tech- intereats outside the Library. For many years nology Librarinn. A graduate of Lafayette he has edited the Proceedings of the Engineers' 110 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [Mazch

Society of Western Pennsylvania and other technical publications. He has contributed to various scientific journals; one article in a horticultural journal receiving a prize award. EMPLOYERS' EVALUATION Some of his papers have been concerned with the vagaries of the English language and with topics in natural history-e recent paper, on the red squirrel, has just appeared in the Journal of Mammalogy. From earliest years Mr. McClelland has had a serious interest in native plants and animals. He especially likes wild flowers and is con- FOR THE sidered an authority on the natives of Penn- sylvania and their culture. His hillside garden contains many rare and colorful species. In closing the door to the Library, he can now see through his open windows the hourly progress of spring and later replace librarian- MRS. RUTH HOOKER,Chairman ship with gardening.

Miss Ida M. Meyer Receives Citation Miss Ida M. Meyer, Librarian of the U. S. Verbatim report of the panel Department of Commerce Regional Office in discussion held June 5, 1948 at New York, was the recipient of a signal honor when she was presented with a silver medal Hotel Statler, Washington, D. C., and citation award by Secretary of Commerce preceding the annual convention Charles Sawyer at the first presentation of such awards to Department of Commerce em- of Special Libraries Association. pIoyes on February 14, 1949, in Washington, D. C. The citation reads in part: "Awarded for Mr. Verner W. Clapp, Assist- highly meritorious development and maintenance of the Business Reference Library of the ant Librarian of Congress, Mod- Department of Commerce Regional Office in erator and fourteen participants, New York, which has become one of the finest representing the fourteen S.L.A. such libraries largely through her efforts." Groups, discuss various phases Russell Sage Foundation Gives Research Data on Consumer Credit to Library of training for special libraries. of Congress The Russell Sage Foundation of New York has completed the transfer to the Library of Mimeographed. 26 Pages 19443 Congress of the comprehensive files of documents and working papers of its former De- partment of Consumer Credit Studies, which Price: $1.00 was discontinued after the death in 1946 of its director, Dr. Rolf Nugent. In making the gift to the Library, the Foundation has stated that its purpose is "to make these valuable materials accessible to the greatest number of interested persons and at the same time to Order from ensure careful handling of them by a responsible organization." The fdes consist largely of original source material on small loan organizations, credit Special Libraries Association unions, and other lending agencies, both do- 31 EASTTENTH STREET mestic and foreign; installment selling, indus- NEWYORK 3, NEWYORK trial banking, and supervision of lending. They include also many documents relating to State and Federal legislation for the control of consumer credit activities. Much of the material Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 19491 ANNOUNCEMENTS 111

is either not available at all or not easily accessible elsewhere. The collection will be of continuing value to scholars, legislators, and other persons and A Special organizations having interests and responsi- bilities in the field of consumer credit It will Offer to You be available in the Library's General Refer- ence and Bibliography Division, which can from . . . supply further information regarding it. TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEW New York Chapter Sponsors Spring Institute On March 25 and 26, the New York Chap- ter, Special Libraries Association, will hold a two day Spring Institute at the Statler Hotel, to discuss various aspects of library adminis- You may now order a one-year tration. subscription to TECHNICALBOOK A highlight of the Institute will be the Na- tional Executive Board and Advisory Council REVIEWINDEX at the special in- meeting scheduled for March 25, to which all troductory rate of $5.50 (a sav- members are invited. ing of $2.00) to libraries not at Three forums will be given Friday morning. "Filing", "Telephone Techniques That Get present subscribing. This offer is Results" and "Acquisition of Material." These good only until March 31, 1949. will be followed by Group luncheons and the National Executive Board and Advisory Coun- Librarians know that the best cil meeting. In the evening, an informal re- ception for the Executive Board will precede existing evaluation of new scien- a banquet. An address and discussion of "Li- tific and technical books is to brary Public Relations Policy" will complete be found in reviews. Searching the first day's conferences. Saturday's sessions will be devoted to a through hundreds of journals is consideration of "Library Manuals," "Job tedious and costly. TECHNICAL Classification and Salary Studies" and "Li- BOOK REVIEW INDEXsearches brary Promotion and Correspondence." The through some 800 scientific peri- New York Chapter luncheon will be held with a program of resumes by the forum moderators odicals regularly at a cost of ap- and a discussion of "Library Training". proximately 3/4# per review. Registration will be $1 a day; headquarters at the Statler Hotel (formerly Pennsylvania Appears monthly, except July Hotel). Visits by individuals to selected libraries will be arranged. and August. Author index at the end of the year. Compiled and Joint Committee on Education for edited in the Technology Depart- Librarianship ment of the Carnegie Library of One of the recommendations made at the Conference on Education for Librarianship, Pittsburgh. held in Princeton, New Jersey, December 11- 12, 1948, was the appointing of a Joint Com- Start with the January 1949 mittee for the "mutual exchange of informa- issue by sending a check or tion between library schools and various professional groupa." It was recommended also money order today for $5.50 that this Committee make a thorough survey (add 50# postage outside U.S.). "to determine the most desirable educational preparation for special librarians, to serve as a guide to library schools in developing pro- SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION grams of training." The Committee has been 31 EASTTENTH STREET appointed and consists of the following mem- ban: NEW YORK3, NEW YORK Richard S. Angell, Chief, Copyright Catalog- ing Division, Library of Congress Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 112 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March

Robert B. Downs, Director, University of Illinois Library "We are badly scared and Ethel M. Fair, Director, Library School, with reason" New Jersey College for Women Frances Henne, Associate Dean, Graduate Library School, University of Chicago "The American people today Mary Louise Marshall, Librarian, School of face more serious threats Medicine, Tulane University to civil liberty than at al- Irene M. Strieby, Librarian, Eli Lilly and most any time during their Company entire history" Maurice F. Tauber, Associate Professor, School of Library Service, Columbia Uni- versity Weigh these two statements in: Edward N. Waters, Assistant Chief, Music Division, Library of Congress Kenneth R. Shaffer, Director, School of Li- Federal brary Science, Simmons College, Chairman

Drexel Institute of Technology Information Controls Scholarships for 1949-50 The Drexel Institute of Technology School In Peacetime of Library Science announces that beginning with the fall term of 1949 it will offer a new SUMMERS . . Reference Shelf curriculum leading to the degree of Master of 301p. $1.50 Science in Library Science. This program will . . supplant the present one-year course recognized by the Bachelor's degree. The School will grant three full tuition scholarships for the academic year 1949-50. They appear in the opening article, Applicants for these scholarships must be "The Postwar Situation," and were graduates of accredited colleges or universities, written by Professor Robert E. Cush- have attained high academic rating, and be in man of Cornell University. need of financial assistance. Civil liberties are our most treasured Application should be made to the Dean heritage and this newest book in the of the School of Library Science, Drexel In- Reference Shelf is one of vital interest stitute of Technology, 32nd and Chestnut to all. Many sincerely believe that guilt Streets, Philadelphia 4, Pennsylvania, before may be proved by the company a man April 15, 1949. keeps or the literature he reads. Others are equally alarmed that a man's liveli- hood and honor may be taken from him Recent Additions to the Loan File of Claasi- because of alleged ideologies. fication Schemes and Subject Headings The atomic bomb and the cold war Lists Maintained at SLA Headquartns cast shadows over the pages of the book Library Manual for Home Economics De- which is a compilation of divergent partments views of those whose opinions are worthy By Isabella M. Frost of study. Fishery Technology Abstract Card System In addition, the book brings together By M. E. Stansby and K. L. Osterhaug a number of Army Regulations and com- Army Medical Library Classification: Medi- mittee reports that tell their own story. cine The book makes this story highly read- able and it is one that should be read. Alphabetical Index to U.D.C. 54: 'Chemistry British Standards Institution

Obituary The H. W. Wilson Company lolpt 3. Qaul 950 UNIVERSITYAVENUE The Philadelphia Council reports with re NEWYORE 52, N. Y. gret the death of Mr. John J. Gaul on Janu- ary 6, 1949. Formerly employed by the Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 19491- ANNOUNCEMENTS

Bibliographical Center Library at Denver, Colorado, Mr. Gaul came to Philadelphia during the War to work in a war plant. Recently he had taken a position in the Reference De- partment of the Free Library of Philadelphia. AVIATION SUBJECT Ever since coming to Philadelphia, Mr. Gaul had been a loyal and active member of the Special Libraries Council of Philadelphia and Vicinity and of its Science-Technology Group. At the time of his death, he was a member of A Concise List the program committee of the Group. for Civil Aviation Libraries or Collections Expert Service on Magazine Subscriptions for Special Libraries This simplified subject headings Write for a free copy of Faxon's list for the civil aviation field Librarians' Guide. was compiled by Agnes A. Gau- Also odd numbers of magazines, treaux and Mary Lally. It is volumes, or complete sets. based on the "Subject Headings F. W. FAXON COMPANY for the Aeronautical Index" is- 83-91 Frmcis Street sued by The Library of Congress Back Bay. Boston, hchuset. in mimeographed form in 1940 and now brought up-to-date. This list is double-spaced between items and subdivisions to f RADEMAEKERS allow for expansion. Symbols are used to indicate further sub- Library Binders and Booksellers 8 division. Useful for air carriers, Newark, N. J. New York Agent airport executives, state and lo- The Gerald F. sudifi co. 74 Oraton St. 8 cal aeronautical agencies, flight Hempstead, N. Y. schools, aviation writers, public and university libraries with spe- RADEMAEKERS LIBRARY cial aviation collections, and AND SCHOOL BINDINGS school and training personnel in- have won universal recogni- terested in the air education pro- tion because of durability and gram. attractive appearance. Planographed. Sixty pages. January, 1949. Price: $1.75. THE BINDERY IS OLD: the binding methods are Order from NEW, uptodate and practical. S~ecialLibraries Association

Special Service for Special Libraries

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March

AMERICAN AGENCIES INTERESTED IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Compiled by RUTH SAVORD Librarian, Council on Foreign Relations This completely revised edition, just published, gives the purposes, officers, stds, A good knife hand-made of the finances, activities, membership requirements and fees, facilities for study, and publications finest steel and hand-sharpened! A of 176 organizations and partial data on 26 lasting edge in a serviceable item foreign chambers of commerce. In addition, 29 that has dozens of uses. Every foreign information bureaus and 124 dormant knife sold on our "money-back" and discontinued organizations are listed. In a guarantee. Subject Index, the agencies are classified both under their primary and secondary spheres of No. 953 Paramount Knife interest. Officers and sW members of the 756 ea. Lots of sir...... 6% ea. organizations can be readily located in a (Overall length4HN) Personnel Index containing more than 1,000 No. 951 Fine Grit Sharpener.... 254 ea. names. (202 pages, cloth binding). Combination of Knife and Sharpener ...... 950 ea. $2.50, post free COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS 58 EAST 68 STREET, NEW YORK 21

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entire series. $2.00 each, DeLuxe edition, $3.00.

I FLOYD CLYMER, Publirhw, 1268 So. Alvarado St., Los Angeles 6, Calif. 1 - Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Adverfisemenfs SPECIAL LIBRARIES

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IMPORTANT REPRINTS Journal of the American Chemical Society Vols. 1-25. 1879-1903. With Proceedings 2 vols. and General Index to vols. 1-20. Bound in cloth ...... $375.00 Paper Bound ...... $300.00 Single volumes each. Paper bound . 12.50 Chemical Reviews Vols. 1-25. 1924-1939. Bound ...... $375.00 Per volume. Paper bound . . $ 15.00 Available May 1949 Chemical Reviews Vols. 26-3 1. 1940-1942. Per volume. Paper bound . . $ 15.00 Recueil Des Travaorx Chimiques Des Pays Bas. Vols. 1-38. 1882-1919. Paper bound. Per volume . . $ 15.00 JOHNSON REPRINT CORPORATION 125 EAST23~~ STREET . . . . . NEW Yon 10, N. Y.

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WIEN-HARMS Handbuch der Experimentalphysik

Twenty-eight volumes from the entire set have been selected for publication because of their special significance as fundamental contributions to the various subjects, which include

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I I I; j i I i Stechert - Hafner Inc. j I: I invites you to make use of I 1 their service for procuring I 1 all books and periodicals. 1I I We always endeavor to maintain I! a complete stock of the latest scientific publications and of the more significant works of general literature from as many foreign lands as possible.

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The President: Office and Powers by EDWARD S. CORWIN . . 576 pages . . $6.75 Completely revised edition of a famous definitive study by the McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence, Emeritus, Princeton Uni- versity. Brought up to end of 1947. 100 pages of new material. FROM FOREWORD BY ARTHUR KROCK: This book is a thorough review of the presidential power, and its scope is as broad as the subject. Professor Corwin has labored successfully to produce, not a tract for the times, not a campaign history of the executive office, but one of those rare historical treatises that open the past to the enlightened scrutiny of the wide future.

HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE MODERN WORLD by ARTHUR NORMAN HOLCOMBE . 170 pages . $3.75 The proposed International Bill is compared with our own Con- stitutional Freedoms by Dr. Holcombe, Professor of Government at Harvard University-widely recognized for his scholarly plans for a world community.

0 CONSERVATISM IN EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY by LEONARD WOODS LABAREE . . 189 pages . . $3.75 Examines the influence of conservative forces in American Colonies for a better understanding of our early history and present-day society.

THE PABST BREWING COMPANY: THE HISTORY OF AN AMERICAN BUSINESS by THOMAS C. COCHRAN . . 464 pages (Illus.) . . $5.00 First volume of the Business History Series examines a firm's 100- year old record of technology, marketing and business leadership.

THE MEDIC1 BANK: ITS ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONS AND DECLINE by RAYMOND de ROOVER . . 113 pages (Illus.) . . $4.00 Historical analysis of banking during the formative period of modern business institutions. Second volume of Business History Series.

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ACETYLENE CHEMISTRY JULIUS WALTER REPPE PB Report -- 18852-s

It gives us great pleasure to announce consent of the OFFICE of TECHNICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT of COMMERCE, in Washington, D. C. for the privilege of editing and publishing P.B. Report 18852-s. For refresher details regarding Reppe Acetylene Chemistry may we refer you to CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS April 14, 1947 issue, pages 1038-1042 and also the January, 1949 issue of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN on "The Arrival of A~etylene.~'

The report reference as listed in November, 1948 issue of Bibliography of SCIENTIFIC and INDUSTRIAL REPORTS Vol. 10, No. 5, page 428, covers the following:

"Monograph on the recent developments in acetylene and carbon monoxide chemistry. Original document 307 pages in length consisting of 1. Carbon monoxide - Chemical properties - Ger- many; 2. Acetylene - Chemical properties - Germany; 3. Vinyla- tion - Germany; 4. Ethylation - Germany; 5. Carbonylation - Germany; 6. Acetylene chemistry - Germany; 7. I.G. Farben- industrie A.G., Ludwigshafen, Germany."

This very important document is now in process of publication and as a limited number of copies will be published (approximately 500, of which 100 are being reserved for foreign country consumption), we would greatly appreciate your indication as to whether you are interested. We are asking this in order to hold one or more copies for you, should you desire them. The price of this book will be $10.00 and will be ready for distribution on or before April 15, 1949.

CHARLES A. MEYER & CO., Inc. Translations and Technical Publications GRANDCENTRAL TERMINAL BUILDING 25 VANDERBILTAVENUE NEWYORK 17, N. Y.

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisement8 120 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [March] CANADIAN ALMANAC AND IIa DIRECTORY standard Canadian Reference FOR 1 9- 4 9- Volume"

For over a century the Canadian Almanac and Directory has been the standard reference work on Canadian affairs, both domestic and foreign. Its present format of over eight hundred pages contains more than fifty thousand indexed listings, every one of which is carefully revised each year. Included in its vast range of information are complete and accurate lists of Dominion, Provincial and Municipal Officials (including Newfoundland) ; Newspapers and Periodicals; Chartered Banks and their Branches; Associations and Societies; Bar- risters and Solicitors; Canadian Statistics; Astronomical Calculations for the Dominion; Libraries and Educational Institutions; the Canadian Tariff of Customs, and other important tax acts; and Post O5ces and Railroad Stations.

The usefulness of the Canadian Almanac for checking addresses, the spellings of names of business correspondents, and the precise titles of government and other officials, alone makes it almost indispensable in any modern reference library, whether industrial, civic, or institutional. In addition, its wide range of up-to-date information on many other subjects makes it the most authoritative and complete directory of Canadian affairs available to-day.

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