• • • Introduction Agricultural transformation Share ofdifferent crops inGross Cropped Area inVDSA villages • • • • Change inCropping pattern Results • • • Data andmethodology • • Objective • • 1 Abhay Kumar ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, ; Though, agriculture largely dependsonmonsoon,onlyone robust growth (4-5%)inagriculture andlivestock sector The state economy growing annuallyby 9.0%(2007-13),with employment to about70%ofworking force inrural area Agriculture contributes about20%to GSDPandprovides cropping pattern andintensity ofcropping inBihar. Rainfall still plays key role indetermining gross cropped area, fodder crop Prosperous villages (inPatna dist) allocating more area to potato, butonlytemporarily Lower rainfall- triggered diversion ofcrop area to pulses& assured market Rice andwheat still dominating- due tohome consumption and and large category. Total samplesize: 160. comprising 10from eachcategory viz.- labour, small,medium Sampling: Panel survey of40householdsfrom eachvillage, Survey year: 2010-11to 2013-14 district ofBihar Survey Area: Two villages eachinPatna district andDarbhanga study villages. to examine thetrend ofagricultural transformation inthe state. To examine thechanges incropping pattern inVDSA villages in However, importance ofpulsecrops growing inthevillage. VDSA villages Foodgrain- mostly finecereals dominate thecropping pattern in normal rainfall year duringlast four years instate Mandays/hectare Science withahuman face 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 Machine labour Human labour 8.7, 9% Pa 44% 2010-11 tna dis P 2013/14 er hect 2010-11 1 , RKPSingh trict ar , Pa 38% , Darbhang e useofhuman,machineandbullockin tna ICRISAT’s scientific information: About ICRISAT: a 2011-12 2 , KMSingh Bullock labour Human labour F Ve Oilseed Pulses Whea P Other cr www.icrisat.org odder cr addy getable 1 t , NChandra 2012-13 op , Darbhang , Darbhang op s s http://EXPLORE VD a a SA villag Darbhang 1 , Pankaj Kumar 2 International Crops Research Institute fortheSemi-Arid Tropics, 2013-14 es, Bihar Machine labour 2010-11 it 2013/14 .icrisat.org a dis trict

2013/14 , Pa

90 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 tna 1 Hour/hectare andBPBhatt

• • • • Conclusions • • • • • • • Changes ininput-use and crop yield Distribution ofcrop area across different yield category, % inVDSA villages inBihar extent andcausality ofagricultural transformation. transformation. The study should continue tounderstand the Four years isvery shortperiodto noticeagricultural modern technology (seed)inremote villages Lack ofinstitutional support in providing cheaper credit and groundwater irrigation Irrigation- costly inputdue to highdependence on fossil fuel for condition Pulses andvegetables findplaceinunfavourable weather compared to that inPatna district. However yieldrealisation inDarbhanga district is low as very of wheat increased inVDSA villages Area producing more than4.0t/hariceand more than3.0t/ha Inadequate irrigation applied by poor farmers in district through dieselengineoperated private tubewells Proportion ofirrigated area increased to more than70%,mainly rice andwheat This isclearlyreflected inthecrop yieldoftwo majorcrops i.e. difference inboththedistricts Fertilizer application increased, thoughthere issignificant and asharpdeclineinuseofhumanbullocklabourobserved Use ofTractor, thresher anddiesel pumps increased many fold 100 150 200 250 50 1 0 Whea Rice-P t- 2010/11 2010-11 2013/14 2010/11 2013/14 atna dis Pa tna dis Fe r liz trict trict er applica V I LL A GE D YNAMI 2011-12 CS IN on in SOU T H > 4t/ha 3- 4t/ha 2- 3t/ha <2 t/ha

> 3t/ha 2- 3t/ha 1.5 -2.0t/ha < 1.5t/ha A S I A VD SA villag Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation Funding support: es ( 2012-13 NPK Wheat Rice-Darbhang in kg -Darbhang /ha) 2010/11 Pa 2013/14 2010/11 2013/14 tna 2013-14 a dis a dis Darbhang trict trict a

March 2015