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The Meaning of the Federalist Papers
English-Language Arts: Operational Lesson Title: The Meaning of the Federalist Papers Enduring Understanding: Equality is necessary for democracy to thrive. Essential Question: How did the constitutional system described in The Federalist Papers contribute to our national ideas about equality? Lesson Overview This two-part lesson explores the Federalist Papers. First, students engage in a discussion about how they get information about current issues. Next, they read a short history of the Federalist Papers and work in small groups to closely examine the text. Then, student pairs analyze primary source manuscripts concerning the Federalist Papers and relate these documents to what they have already learned. In an optional interactive activity, students now work in small groups to research a Federalist or Anti-Federalist and role-play this person in a classroom debate on the adoption of the Constitution. Extended writing and primary source activities follow that allow students to use their understanding of the history and significance of the Federalist Papers. Lesson Objectives Students will be able to: • Explain arguments for the necessity of a Constitution and a bill of rights. • Define democracy and republic and explain James Madison’s use of these terms. • Describe the political philosophy underpinning the Constitution as specified in the Federalist Papers using primary source examples. • Discuss and defend the ideas of the leading Federalists and Anti-Federalists on several issues in a classroom role-play debate. (Optional Activity) • Develop critical thinking, writing skills, and facility with textual evidence by examining the strengths of either Federalism or Anti-Federalism. (Optional/Extended Activities) • Use both research skills and creative writing techniques to draft a dialogue between two contemporary figures that reflects differences in Federalist and Anti-Federalist philosophies. -
Philadelphia, the Indispensable City of the American Founding the FPRI Ginsburg—Satell Lecture 2020 Colonial Philadelphia
Philadelphia, the Indispensable City of the American Founding The FPRI Ginsburg—Satell Lecture 2020 Colonial Philadelphia Though its population was only 35,000 to 40,000 around 1776 Philadelphia was the largest city in North America and the second-largest English- speaking city in the world! Its harbor and central location made it a natural crossroads for the 13 British colonies. Its population was also unusually diverse, since the original Quaker colonists had become a dwindling minority among other English, Scottish, and Welsh inhabitants, a large admixture of Germans, plus French Huguenots, Dutchmen, and Sephardic Jews. But Beware of Prolepsis! Despite the city’s key position its centrality to the American Revolution was by no means inevitable. For that matter, American independence itself was by no means inevitable. For instance, William Penn (above) and Benjamin Franklin (below) were both ardent imperial patriots. We learned of Franklin’s loyalty to King George III last time…. Benjamin Franklin … … and the Crisis of the British Empire The FPRI Ginsburg-Satell Lecture 2019 The First Continental Congress met at Carpenters Hall in Philadelphia where representatives of 12 of the colonies met to protest Parliament’s Coercive Acts, deemed “Intolerable” by Americans. But Congress (narrowly) rejected the Galloway Plan under which Americans would form their own legislature and tax themselves on behalf of the British crown. Hence, “no taxation without representation” wasn’t really the issue. WHAT IF… The Redcoats had won the Battle of Bunker Hill (left)? The Continental Army had not escaped capture on Long Island (right)? Washington had been shot at the Battle of Brandywine (left)? Or dared not undertake the risky Yorktown campaign (right)? Why did King Charles II grant William Penn a charter for a New World colony nearly as large as England itself? Nobody knows, but his intention was to found a Quaker colony dedicated to peace, religious toleration, and prosperity. -
The Federalist Papers: # 10, # 51, and # 78 Federalist No. 10
1 The Federalist Papers: # 10, # 51, and # 78 Federalist No. 10 The Same Subject Continued: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection From the New York Packet. Friday, November 23, 1787. Author: James Madison To the People of the State of New York: AMONG the numerous advantages promised by a well-constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. The friend of popular governments never finds himself so much alarmed for their character and fate, as when he contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice. He will not fail, therefore, to set a due value on any plan which, without violating the principles to which he is attached, provides a proper cure for it. The instability, injustice, and confusion introduced into the public councils, have, in truth, been the mortal diseases under which popular governments have everywhere perished; as they continue to be the favorite and fruitful topics from which the adversaries to liberty derive their most specious declamations. The valuable improvements made by the American constitutions on the popular models, both ancient and modern, cannot certainly be too much admired; but it would be an unwarrantable partiality, to contend that they have as effectually obviated the danger on this side, as was wished and expected. Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority. -
Federalism 7/17/04 9:48 AM Page 14
04 014-016 Founders Federalism 7/17/04 9:48 AM Page 14 Federalism By the time the delegates to the Constitutional commercial use of the Potomac River, along with Convention had gathered in Philadelphia in 1787, his study of history, convinced him that a system the American people had been accustomed for based on state sovereignty was destined to fail. more than one hundred and fifty years to having Madison worked with other members of the most of their affairs managed first within the Virginia delegation on a plan for a basically colonies and then in independent states. It was not national, rather than confederal, system of surprising that the Articles of Confederation, the government. In addition to provisions for separate initial constitutional system for legislative, executive, and judicial “The United States of America,” branches, the “Virginia Plan” affirmed in its first article the would have empowered general “sovereignty, freedom Congress “to negative all laws and independence” of the states. passed by the several States, Beyond historical precedence, contravening in the opinion of the commitment to state the National Legislature the sovereignty drew support from articles of Union; and to call sixteenth- and seventeenth- forth the force of the Union century theorists such as Jean against any member of the Jacques Rousseau who argued Union failing to fulfill its duty that the habits and virtues under the articles thereof.” The needed by a self-governing Virginia Plan proposed a people can be cultivated only in national government that would small republics. In short, history be legally and functionally and theory seemed to be on the supreme over the states. -
201-250-The-Constitution.Pdf
Note Cards 201. Newburgh Conspiracy The officers of the Continental Army had long gone without pay, and they met in Newburgh, New York to address Congress about their pay. Unfortunately, the American government had little money after the Revolutionary War. They also considered staging a coup and seizing control of the new government, but the plotting ceased when George Washington refused to support the plan. 202. Articles of Confederation: powers, weaknesses, successes The Articles of Confederation delegated most of the powers (the power to tax, to regulate trade, and to draft troops) to the individual states, but left the federal government power over war, foreign policy, and issuing money. The Articles’ weakness was that they gave the federal government so little power that it couldn’t keep the country united. The Articles’ only major success was that they settled western land claims with the Northwest Ordinance. The Articles were abandoned for the Constitution. 203. Constitution The document which established the present federal government of the United States and outlined its powers. It can be changed through amendments. 204. Constitution: Preamble "We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." 205. Constitution: Legislature One of the three branches of government, the legislature makes laws. There are two parts to the legislature: the House of Representatives and the Senate. -
Download Hamilton the Musical Movie Guide Student Version.Pdf
Name___________________________________________Date_____________________________________Period__________ håmïltøñ müsïçål møvïë güïdë (2020) bëførë thë müsïçål 1. Why does representation matter in theatre, film, and media? Explain your answer below. dürïñg thë müsïçål 2. Name a family member Alexander Hamilton lost during his Childhood: 3. What is one pieCe of adviCe Aaron Burr gives Hamilton? 4. How is Hamilton “just like [his] country”? 5. Finish the LyriC: “Raise a glass to ___________________. Something they can never ____________ ______________.” 6. What are the names of the three SChuyler sisters? 7. King George III threatens to do this in order to remind people of his love. (Two possible answers. Name one of them.) 8. How many British troops are in New York Harbor? ______________________ 9. Who volunteers to be General Washington’s right-hand man? How did Washington respond? 10. ACCording to Burr, what did Martha Washington name after Hamilton? 11. Who does Hamilton marry? 12. What do you learn about AngeliCa during the song Satisfied? 13. Why is Burr’s love for Theodosia scandalous? 14. Finish the LyriC: “Life doesn’t discriminate between the _________________ and the ________________.” 15. Who does General Washington promote to seCond-in-Command? 16. What happens to the person in the previous question? 17. What does Hamilton realize when he sees Eliza? 18. Finish the Lyric: “Let me tell you what I wish I’d known. When I was young and dreamed of glory. You have no control. Who lives? Who dies? ____________ _____________ ____________ _______________?” 19. Which battle takes place in 1781? 20. What was Hercules Mulligan’s role during the Revolutionary War? 21. -
Transcript of Federalist Papers, No. 10 & No. 51 (1787-1788)
The Federalist Papers were a series of essays published in newspapers in 1787 and 1788 by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay to promote the ratification of the Constitution. The Federalist Papers, were a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison between October 1787 and May 1788. The essays were published anonymously, under the pen name "Publius," primarily in two New York state newspapers of the time: The New York Packet and The Independent Journal . They were written to urge citizens of New York to support ratification of the proposed United States Constitution. Significantly, the essays explain particular provisions of the Constitution in detail. It is for this reason, and because Hamilton and Madison were members of the Constitutional Convention, that the Federalist Papers are often used today to help understand the intentions of those drafting the Constitution. A bound edition of the essays, with revisions and corrections by Hamilton, was published in 1788 by printers J. and A. McLean. A later edition, published by printer Jacob Gideon in 1818, with revisions and corrections by Madison, was the first to identify each essay by its author's name. Because of the essays’ publishing history, the assignment of authorship, numbering, and exact wording may vary with different editions of The Federalist . The essays featured here are Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51. The former, written by James Madison, refuted the belief that it was impossible to extend a republican government over a large territory. It also discussed special interest groups. The later emphasized the importance of checks and balances within a government. -
Understanding Federalist 51
Understanding Federalist 51 1 9/6/2011 Political Science Module Developed by PQE Learning Objectives Identify the significance of the Federalist Papers to an understanding of the American Constitution. Identify Madison’s purpose in writing Federalist 51 . Explain the role of separation of powers in the preservation of liberty. 2 Political Science Module Developed by PQE 9/6/2011 Constitutional Change 1 Learning Objectives (Cont.) Describe the role played by checks and balances in the preservation of liberty. Identify the provisions included in the Constitution to prevent legislative dominance. Explain the phrase: “Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.” Describe how the “compound republic” protects liberty. 3 Political Science Module Developed by PQE 9/6/2011 Learning Objectives (Cont.) Describe the solution Madison offers to the problem of the tyranny of the majority. 4 Political Science Module Developed by PQE 9/6/2011 Constitutional Change 2 Key Terms The Federalist Papers Separation of Powers Legislative Power Executive Power Judicial Power Checks and Balances 5 Political Science Module Developed by PQE 9/6/2011 Key Terms (Cont.) Compound Republic Federal System Tyranny of the Majority 6 Political Science Module Developed by PQE 9/6/2011 Constitutional Change 3 The Federalist Papers Essays written in 1787 and 1788 by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton under the penname of Publius Designed to advocate the ratification of the new constitution by the states An authoritative but unofficial explanation of American government by those who created it 7 Political Science Module Developed by PQE 9/6/2011 Federalist 51 Madison wrote Federalist 51 in 1788. -
Topic of Discussion – the Federalist V. Antifederalist
Discussion 8-4 US History ~ Chapter 8 Topic Discussions E Lundberg Topic of Discussion – The Federalist v. Antifederalist Related Topics Chapter Information ~ Ch 8; 3 sections; 294 pages The Articles of Confederation Confederation to Constitution (1776-1791) The Constitution of the United States Section 1 ~ The Confederation Era Pages 234-241 Federalism Section 2 ~ Creating the Constitution Pages 242-247 Section 3 ~ Ratification and the Bill of Rights Pages 248-256 The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan Key Ideas Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes 1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups. The Idea of a strong Central Government 2. Taking the land. 3. The individual versus the state. States Rights v. Federal Rights 4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc. 5. Sectionalism. Strong Central Government = progression or regression 6. Immigration and Americanization. 7. The change in social class. Political strategy to get the Constitution ratified 8. Technology developments and the environment. 9. Relations with other nations. The Balance of Power 10. Historiography, how we know things. Political Checks and Balances Talking Points I Introduction The creation of the Constitution entailed hours of debate and compromise, and even when it was completed, some delegates were unhappy with it. The task of fixing the ailing Confederate government was not complete yet; each state had to ratify, or approve, the Constitution. Basically, people divided into two groups, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Each of their view- points is worth examining, as they both have sound reasoning. 1. The Anti-Federalists did not want to ratify the Constitution. -
The Federalist Papers
LESSON TWO: THE FEDERALIST PAPERS OVERVIEW OBJECTIVES This lesson explores the Federalist Papers. First, students engage in a discussion about how they get information on current issues. Next, they read a short history of the Students will be able to: Federalist Papers and engage in a discussion about it. • Identify the Articles of Then, working in small groups, students research a Confederation and Federalist or Anti-Federalist and role play this person in a explain why it failed. classroom debate on issues that surrounded the adoption of the Constitution. • Explain the argument over the need for a bill of rights Optional writing activity: Students write on why they in the Constitution and would have been a Federalist or Anti-Federalist. James Madison’s role in securing its adoption by the first Congress. • Describe the political phi- STANDARDS ADDRESSED losophy underpinning the Constitution as specified National U.S. History Standard 8: Understands the in the Federalist Papers. institutions and practices of government created dur- ing the Revolution and how these elements were • Discuss the ideas of the revised between 1787 and 1815 to create the founda- leading Federalists and tion of the American political system based on the Anti-Federalists on several U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Level III issues in a classroom (Grade 7–8) (1) Understands events that led to and debate. shaped the Constitutional Convention (e.g., alternative plans and major compromises considered by dele- PREPARATION gates, the grievances of the debtor class and the fears of wealthy creditors involved in Shay’s Rebellion, the Handout 2A: The Federalist accomplishments and failures of the Articles of Papers—1 per student Confederation). -
FEDERALIST No. 51
The Federalist Papers were anonymous pamphlets distributed between 1788 and 1790 in states for the purpose of building support for ratification of the proposed Constitution. In Federalist 51, Alexander Hamilton or James Madison responds to concerns that the new national government will have too much power (the existing government under the Articles of Confederation placed nearly all power in the hands of the state governments). Federalist 51 explains why the national government’s power will be limited. First, the Constitution lists the powers of the national government. All other powers are reserved to the states or to the people. Second, federal government action is rigged to prevent action in the absence of a very broad consensus. FEDERALIST No. 51 The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments From the New York Packet. Friday, February 8, 1788. Alexander Hamilton or James Madison To the People of the State of New York: TO WHAT expedient, then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments, as laid down in the Constitution? The only answer that can be given is, that as all these exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places. Without presuming to undertake a full development of this important idea, I will hazard a few general observations, which may perhaps place it in a clearer light, and enable us to form a more correct judgment of the principles and structure of the government planned by the convention. -
The Federalists Paper #51
The Federalists Paper #51 There were no notes taken at the Constitutional Convention in 1787. The members thought it wise to not allow members to take notes and to meet in complete secrecy in order to allow individuals to freely express their opinions. However, after the convention there was a mighty struggle in the thirteen states over ratification of the Constitution. In the state of New York the struggle was intense. In a series of editorials or essays called The Federalists Papers, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay (the most influential of the writers of the Constitution) outlined Constitution and the reasoning behind its structure in New York newspapers. Easily the most important and best known is the Federalist #51; in it Madison describes the philosophy behind the U.S. Constitution. Please note that this author (Tom Byrnes) put in the [brackets] and the words placed in bold. Those in brackets are synonyms; the words placed in bold are to make sure that you focus on these parts. The Federalists Paper #51 To the People of the State of New York: TO WHAT expedient, then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments, as laid down in the Constitution? The only answer that can be given is, that as all these exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places.