_t

Summer 2000 Volume 13 No.4 Kelseya NE\TSLETTER of the MONTANA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETYJ water, light and nutrients. Investing effort to capture insects for nutrients will Are These Carnivorous only make sense in habitats where nutrients are severely limiting growth but Plants Alt Arotmd Us? water and light are not. In Montana, we have true carnivorous plants in only three genera (Drosera, By Peter Lesica Pinguicula, Ufficularia) in two families (Drosseraceae, Lentibulariaceae), but true arnivorous plants seem to hold carnivory has arisen at least eight times a fascination for many people. and occurs in 72 families. Carnivorous After all, it's the Plant traps are of two types: sticky traps like Kingdom turning the tables on sundews and pitcher- or bladder-traps the Animal Kingdom, and we all like to like bladderworts. It was Darwin who cheer for the underdog. The fact that first suggested that true carnivorous most of our carnivorous plants are rare or plants with specialized sticky fraps must occur in unusual habitats adds to the have evolved from "protocarnivores," mystique (see Kelseya Vol.8 No.4). plants with sticky hairs and the ability to However, recent research suggests that digest the insects that got entangled on carnivorous plants may be more common their leaves and stems. True carnivorous than we think. George Spommer at the plants are famous, but are there University of Idaho believes that many of protocarnivorous plants as Darwin our common grassland forbs may have envisioned? the rudiments of true carnivory. People frequently ask why some However, in order to understand plants are so sticky. Most botanists have Spommer's findings, we have to know a assumed that sticky hairs are a defense little more about the evolution of "true against herbivorous insects that become carnivory." entangled and die. Certainly this does True carnivorous plants have happen, but George Spommer thought specialized anatomical sffuctures that there might be more to it. He examined a allow them to capture and digest animals, number of our common grassland species ultimately obtaining nutrients such as including sticky geranium (Geranium nitrogen from their prey. Carnivorous v is c os is s imum), tall c inquefoil (P ot ent i I la Sticky Geranium (Geranium plants usually occur in sunny, wet, arguta), red monkeyflower (Mimulus nutrient-poor habitats. Evolutionary lewisii) and alumroot (Heuchera vrscossls imum). Drawing by biologists believe this is because there are cylindrica). Debbie McNiel, Troy, Montana. three essentials that limit plant growth: Continued on page 2 Researeh Natural Areas on the lVeb Check out the new web page for Forest Service Research provides information on the purpose, management and use of Natural Areas (RNAs). This website was developed as a RNAs, and on Forest Service RNA contacts. This site is located cooperative project between the Montana Natural Heritage at hW: / I rna. nris. state.mt.us/ Program and the Rocky Mountain Research Station of the Forest It is our hope that information provided on this new website Service. The site provides an excellent overview of the Research will help increase awareness and appreciation for the role of Natural Area Program within four regions of the Forest Service RNAs in maintaining biological diversity and in serving as (Rl, R2, R3 and R4) and twelve western states. reference and sfudy sites for natural resource monitoring, Detailed descriptive information for 253 established and 55 research and education. Please help spread the word on this new proposed RNAs (including many areas in Montana) is easily site. accessed through interactive maps and tables. The site also -,4ngie Evenden FROM T HE PRESIDENT WAYNE PHILLIPS For Wayne's President's Remarks, see page 8 TheManwfthaDual@ lf could've sworn it was Adorned in buckskins, collecting specimens and When Lewis was done, JLWayne Phillips who floppy hat, moccasins and packing them to be sent down and Wayne was among us' stopped at my office one day toting an assortment of stuff river to the Gulf of Mexico again, in those few hours we in early June, having traveled packed away in his travel bag, and then shipped to only got a brief glimpse of the from Great Falls to Noxon for Lewis (aka, Wayne Phillips) Washington. Even birds and Expedition that opened up the a hike he would help lead the enthralled our small group small animals were shipped American West. But what an next day. But by the time we with tales from the trail. live back east, and some eye-opening glimpse it was. got over to the home of Rodd The journey to the Pacific survived the two-month Wayne has traveled the Gallaway and Jill Davies, it Ocean really began in St. ordeal. state and offered this unique wils no longer Wayne that Louis and took two years to Trying to save plant look at the Lewis and Clark accompanied me it was complete. Up the Missouri, m ateri a I for future Expedition to numerous Meriwether Lewis. down the Clark Fork, over examination was tricky, and groups, and he's willing to do For several hours that Lolo Pass and beyond, the we heard of the times that so again and again. He evening until well after parfy traveled, becoming the entire stashes of specimens obviously loves it, and midnight, in fact - Mr. Lewis first white men to ever be seen were lost to mold and provides a great deal of took us back 200 years to the in much of this wild, dessication. It was frustrating information on this subject: all great journey of discovery uncharted country. at best, infuriating at worst. the way from the when the West was still Along the way, Lewis But, remarkably, an amazing commissioning of the unknown to the European collected a wide variety of array of plant and animal life expedition to the rumored sefflers populating the East. natural things, including was "discovered" and suicide of William Clark. At the behest of President plants. Lewis, as Wayne catalogued along the route that If you'd like Wayne to Thomas Jefferson, Meriwether Phillips, has re-collected some took Lewis and Clark and come to your town as his alter Lewis and William Clark of those plants, often from the their men to the Pacific and ego, Meriwether Lewis, give launched an expedition at the same site from which Lewis back over the Rocky him a call. He'll be glad to turn of the l9th Century that collected them. They are Mountains. slip into the buckskins and opened a continent to mounted on card stock for In a comfortable living moccasins and take you on a exploration. Known today as display. Wayne, as room, seated on padded journey nearly 200 years old. the Lewis and Clark Meriwether Lewis, was able to chairs, we heard of the trials Don't forget to ask him Expedition, it's a chunk of tell us about each of them, those men faced on the about the Lewis and Clark American history with which pointing out the ones that tortuous trail in the Interpretive Center in Great Wayne Phillips has become were collected in the wilderness - the times of Falls, as well. He says it is intimately familiar - so much Bitterroot, or over the divide hunger; the dangers from the well worth a visit to where the so, he occasionally loses his in Idaho. Even early in the elements and wild rivers; and explorers faced the rampaging identity to another personality trip, when the party of the uncertainties in meeting waters cascading over the apparently living inside him - adventurers passed through native peoples and learning to "Great Falls" of the Missouri that of Meriwether Lewis. the Great Plains, Lewis was trade with them. River. -DN

Wayne can be reached at 2601 Third Ave. North, Great Falls, MT 59,101 (,+06)453-064S e-mail: [email protected] Carnivorous Plants appear to be protocarnivores as Darwin sticky geranium differently, and it is suggested. If true, it is possible that they intriguing to think that our grasslands page From one have not evolved truly carnivorous may be "little shops of horror." species with specialized traps because Spommer placed a thin protein film water, not nutrients, is usually more Further Reoding: against the leaves and found that the film limiting in prairie habitats. However, Albert, V. A. et 1992. Carnivorous was digested in a manner identical to that other questions must be asked before we al. plants: phylogeny structural obtained from leaves of sundew. He then can assume that sticky geranium and tall and evolution. Science 257: 149l-1494. used radioactive tracers to show that the cinquefoil are carnivores. Do these plants digested protein was indeed absorbed by actually ingest insects in the field? Are Spommer, G. G. 1999. Evidence of the plants. the insect-derived proteins incorporated protocarnivorous capabilities in Spommer's findings suggest that many into the plant tissue? How important is Geranium viscosissimum and Potentilla common plants with sticky hairs have the this carnivory to the growth of these arguta and other sticky plants. ability to ingest the insects that become plants? These questions notwithstanding, International Journal of Plant Sciences caught on their leaves and stems. They Spommer's findings will make me look at 160: 98-101.

Page2 Kelseya Summer 2000 Western Absorbed in Redcedar theAbsarokas ghuja plicata) The 2000 Annual Meeting

PINE CREEK Plants in silhouettes of four distinct Paradise, the 2000 annual native plants. We also sold meeting of the Montana last year's ball caps, plant Native Plant Society, brought books, and held a raffle. 2OOl:A together plant lovers from all Winners were once again corners of the state and announced by our own Wyoming in late June. About "Vattna" Brown, otherwise 85 people made way to Patti Plant Odyssey their known as Brown, from Luccock Park near the small Bigfork. community of Pine Creek in The camp was a The 2001 Annual Meeting the Upper Yellowstone River wonderful place to hold the valley. meeting, nestled as it was in BULL RIVER Each and regime of plant life. Subject Clear weather for Friday the foothills of the Absaroka every year, the annual to Pacific maritime night's beer and chili at the Mountains at about 6,000-feet meeting for the Montana influences, the Cabinets are Forest Service campground elevation. The dramatic view Native Plant Society seems to cloaked with thick forests of and Saturday's excursions easily mesmerized everyone's get better and better. Plants in cedar and western hemlock, were welcome after a week of gaze throughout the weekend. Paradise was no exception. whitepine, larch and Grand rainy skies. The rain resumed The staff at Luccock Park, a The Valley of the Flowers fir, Douglas fir, lodgepole Sunday, but it cleared for the church camp, was especially chapter did a magnificent job pine and Ponderosa, ild driving field trips and folks attentive to all our needs, for of pulling it together. And so spruce, subalpine fr and made their way home or into which we again extend our we were inspired - those few mountain hemlock at higher Yellowstone National Park thanks and appreciation. of us MNPS members in altitudes. Beneath the forest with Jennifer Whipple, park Valley of the Flowers extreme northwestern canopy and in high alpine botanist. People went away chapter members worked Montana - to offer to host meadows, the array of plant knowing a little more about long and hard to pull the next year's annual meeting. life is staggering. the area's flora and meeting together. Like Mark your calendars for Jill Davies, Sam Culotta geography, the upper Bonnie Heidel always says, July 13-15, 2001 for a and Dennis Nicholls are Yellowstone River's ecology "A good meeting is no weekend of botanizing in the working on next year's annual (thanks to the Saturday accident." Cabinet Mountains, one of meeting, which will be a evening presentation by After all that organizing, Montana's wettest ranges. somewhat more rustic members of the Upper planning our winter lectures Upper elevations of the experience than we've had in Yellowstone Task Force) and and summer field trips will Cabinets receive over 100 the recent past. We'll camp in plants in the greater seem easy! inches of precipitation a year. the Bull River valley, but Yellowstone ecosystem. We thank all the field trip But even in the valley accommodations for those The tee shirt that many of and workshop leaders for bottoms, rainfall is abundant. who don't want to "rough it" you purchased at the meeting their help; the Saturday night The town of Noxon, at 2200 are nearby, though limited. was designed by Kris speakers were terrific; and to feet, may well get more rain Look for more about Ellingsen of Bozeman, with a everyone who lent a hand in and snow than just about any 2001: A Plant Odyssey, in generous donation by MNPS making this a successful other community in the state, upcoming issues of Kelseya. member, Farwell Smith. The meeting, "Thank you!" with an average of nearly 35 And please make your plans caption read, "Go Native," inches of precip and over to join us in the Cabinets. and displayed the leaf - Linda lverson 130" of snow annually. We're eager to show off our This type of climate corner of the state. Just don't accommodates unique forget to bring an umbrella! There &l:e moFe than 4OO members in the a Montana Native Plant Society who love Iandseaping, gardening, medieinal herbs, and Western other produets or serviees relafud to Montands native flora" Hemlock

Perhaps you run a business that offers these (Tsuga produets and serviees. CaIl 847-ZA4O b find heterophylla) out how to adver{ise in l(elseye.

Summer 2000 Page 3 Centaurea maculosa, one of several species of knapweed in Montana. KvTPW@: Drawing by Debbie Whatkind of threat? McMiel. The story Jerry Niehoff recounted furocoumarins which occur in plants about pulling spotted knapweed, cutting of the Umbelliferae family (celery, his fingers in the process, developing parsnips, parsley, figs); aflatoxins benign (non-cancerous) tumors and from molds that occur on corn, nuts, ultimately having his little and ring peanut butter, bread, cheese, and fingers amputated is a sad and shocking fruit; alcohol has been associated incident; particularly if you are one of with cancer of the mouth, esophagus, tens of thousands of people that have larynx, and the list goes on (see tumors. It could have been something on pulled many knapweed plants. What was Dietary Carcinogens and the knapweed at that location, in the soil especially alarming was the information Anticarcinogens by Ames in Science, or somewhere else that entered his body indicating knapweed as a carcinogen. Sept. 1983). through those open wounds. These are This write-up is an attempt to shed o Human bodies have the ability to possibilities that are unresolvable at this some more light on this topic; it's not an detoxiff these compounds. The point in time and will require further exhaustive, definitive answer, but rather is degree to which it accomplishes this research to determine if there was a cause- an update on what we have learned so far. determines the point at which and-effect relationsh ip. Regarding Jerry's story, here are some something is poisonous. Vitamin A is Jerry's doctors speculated that Jerry items from the original story to keep in essential to life, and yet, too much may have a particular sensitivity (allergy) mind: can be poisonous. People vary in to something in the spotted knapweed that o Jerry was pulling spotted knapweed their ability to handle various made this highly unusual situation occur. I on private property. compounds. Some people have don't think Jerr), plans to do any r There are many different species of hypersensitivity to some compounds, experiments to test the hypothesis on knapweed - spoffed, diffuse, Russian, which we refer to as allergies. These himself. His purpose in sharing his squarrose, yellow starthistle and allergic reactions can be so severe as sobering story was to hopefully prevent others. to be deadly; i.e., penicillin, bee anyone else from going through a similar o There have been articles published stings, certain shellfish, etc. experience. indicating compbunds in Russian o In talking to Jerry and getting copies We live in a world full of risks, knapweed have cyto-toxic properties of a couple of the medical reports, his naturally occurring and human induced. (J. of Neucrosi Research, Jan. 1997 - benign tumor was very rare - less We cannot eliminate all of them, however, authors: Robles, Wang, Kim and than 100 have been documented in things can be done to reduce them. They Choi, and another in J. Nat. Prod. the entire country. include the use of seatbelts, driving Jan.-Feb. 1990 by Stevens, Riopelle defensively, wearing eye protection or and Wong), caused by a compound What does this information do for hard hats. And now we have another good called repin, a sesquiterpene lactone. other people in light of Jerry's story? reason to wear gloves when we are In talking to Professor Andrea Stierle Jerry was pulling spotted knapweed, pulling weeds (any weed!), not just at Montana Tech, she indicated that not Russian knapweed, so there isn't any knapweed. Any cut or scrape can the term "cyto-toxic" in the research confirmation that there is a similar potentially get infected and therefore it is arena is a strong indication that a compound in spotted knapweed as there is wise to minimize them. compound may be carcinogenic. in Russian knapweed. Jerry is personally An ounce of prevention... o There are numerous compounds convinced that the tumors originated from occurring naturally in the the injuries he received during the process This was written by Dovid C. Atkins, environment that are known of pulling spotted knapweed, and the Ecologist snd Forest Health Protection carcinogens andlor mutagens: doctors see the logic of the sequence of specialist, in October 1997. It was sent to hydrazines, which are present in events; though this doesn't prove us by MNPS member Virginia Vincent, edible mushrooms; linear knapweed or a compound in it caused the Missoula, in June this year.

Kelseya Summer Noxious hawkweeds have qnwkwee4t o core ronge in the northwest corner of the

By Peter Rice and Sarah Wilhelm stste. Monitoring is in Montana needed to see if their In the last issue o/Kelseya, we learned because of interbreeding, but they do from Peter Rice and Sarah lhlhelm about have some distinguishing traits. ronge is exponding to the the ecologt and reproduction of It may be impossible to separate all hawkweeds in Montana. Here is the rest specimens within the meadow hawkweed eost or south. of their article on the species of complex because they are in fact Hieracium. interbreeding and forming hybrids in the identification. Northern Rockies. The current There are native and exotic species of management methods are the same for all MAILING SPECIMENS hawkweeds (Hieraciu spp.) in Montana. members of the meadow hawkweed @ithroots, Proper identification of noxious complex. rhizomes, and stolons if present. These hawkweeds can be difficult because parts are critical for confirmation of species in the meadow hawkweed LOOK.ALIKE SPECIES hawkweed species. Fresh specimens complex tend to interbreed when their .) and spotted should be placed in a plastic bag with one populations overlap. They also have cats ear (Hypochaeris radicata) are moist (not wet) paper towel. Send by features that closely resemble native sometimes confused with hawkweeds. Priority Mail on Monday through hawkweeds. The hawksbeard is most often confused Wednesday so the specimens can arrive with native hawkweeds. However, these in Missoula by Friday without molding. NATIVES species do not have the stolons nor the Pressed and dried specimens can be sent mspecies, including the rhizomes that are characteristic of the at any time. widespread and common Canadian or exotic noxious hawkweeds. Include a brief description of where nalrow leaf hawkweed (H. canadense the plant was collected, the locale (nearest syn. FL umbellatum), have leaff stems MORE INFORMATION name that would be on a USGS and lack a well developed cluster of basal ffibefoundfor topographic map), and if possible a geo- leaves when flowering. Basal and lower Hawkweeds and other species on the coordinate. The geo-coordinate can be leaves are deciduous, dropping off as the INVADERS Databas e at http: I linvader. township, range, and section; or latitude plant matures. Leaves are attached dbs.umt.edu. One way to find or longitude, if available. Also include directly to the main stalk (sessile), and are information is to Query from a list any information on the type of setting and somewhat clasping at the base, reducing selecting the common name, Latin name, associated vegetation, who collected the in size up the stem. The stems and leaves or plant ID, no spelling required. An area plant, and/or who to notiff about the are somewhat hairy. The plant can grow (the Northwest, a state, or a county) may identification. up to 4.5 feet tall. Native hawkweeds also be specified. Once a plant is selected lack stolons and grow as individual a list of all records for that plant in the MAIL TO: plants. area selected will be displayed. Links to SarahWilhelm distribution maps and graphical C/O Peter Rice EXOTICS interpretation of the records can be found Division of Biological --me exotic species of hawkweeds at the end of the page. There is also a Sciences, HS105 have an invasive growth habit, producing "Links" option. This gives interactive University of Montana stolons or rhizomes that form dense mats links to web sites with information, some Missoula, MT 598 l2- 1002 of rosettes that choke out other including photos, about the particular (406) 243-267r vegetation. These exotic noxious plant of interest. Click on the "Links" sarw i l@se lway. umt. edu hawkweeds have persistent roseffes of icon to view these species indexed web [email protected]. edu basal leaves, and ieafless or nearly sites. leafless stems. The flowers are in terminal clusters. They have cord-like stolons that PROJECT GOALS sprout from axillary leaf buds at the time ffieedshaveacore Hieracium triste of flowering.The stolons can root and range in the northwest corner of the state, By Debbie McNiel develop into daughter plants, or having been reported in Lincoln, secondary flowering stalks, depending on Flathead, Pondera, Sanders, Lake, environmental conditions. King-devil Mineral, Missoula, and Ravalli counties. hawkweed does not form stolons but does Monitoring is needed to see if their range have the underground rhizomes that form is expanding to the east or south. mats of roseffes and axillary leaf buds that Botanists finding new occurrences of can form secondary flower stalks. hawkweed species are encouraged to report the finding and send a plant MEADOW HAWKWEED COMPLEX specimen. Since proper identification can be difficult, specimens in question can be very troublesome for identification mailed to Peter Rice or Sarah Wilhelm for

Summer 2000 Kelseya Page 5 c H A P T E R L n F" E :;#it:{:;::":fi;i'i!,iiiii:fi5!i!,!i[fry:"'

shared with board members at http ://nris. state.mt. us/mtnhp/. Williams' West Glacier Walk, Native Plant the spring meeting a copy of Summer field trips were and Mary and Gary Sloans' their year 2000 brochure, also listed in the Flathead Johnson Terraces hike, where Sale was the C e le b r at ing llt i I dfl ower s : chapter's brochure, rounding they found Aspidotis densa. I Wildflower Viewing in the out an amazing amount of led an evening walk through biggest ever Greater Flathead Area. The information that they fit into a Mrs. Margaret Murdock's informative, 3-panel brochure small space. Nafure Conservancy Easement identifies not only places to If you'd like to see a copy near Whitefish Lake where we MISSOULA The Clark Fork - view flowers, but places of the brochure, call Maria saw yellow lady's-slippers Chapter of MNPS completed where you can learn above the Mantas, who is listed as the (Cy p r ip e d iu m p arv i/l o r u m), its biggest-ever native plant area's native flora as well; contact person at 862-3044. and Buckler fern (Dryopteris sale back in May. Hundreds of places such as the Glacier It's a beautifully done cristata). We have many plants of over 30 species were Institute and Flathead Valley pamphlet that could easily be more field trips scheduled for sold, in addition to seed Community College. Native done for any area of the state. the rest of the summer, so packets for 12 species. The net if plants are welcome in the you are in the Flathead area, result was a lot of native plant classroom in the Flathead, and give us a call and come join education, a lot of natives to anyone interested is invited to No trouble us! I also want to remind gardens in the community and call Terry Divoky about native everyone that our first meeting over $700 for the chapter's t plant edicationat plo'ffi""" in the fall with be the third funds. v OUf There is also an excellent fiUing wed of October (l8n) at the Fittingly, much of the video series entitled The new Montana Logging proceeds from the plant sale summer Private Life of Planls hosted Association building just east usually go for plants and other by David Affenborough that of Kalispell on Highway 35, needs at the University native WHITEFISH We members can be obtained through the - across from Hooper's plant garden maintained by of Flathead Chapter are chapter, and all that finally Nursery. For more details call the chapter. With a large new doing what we love best: information is included in the me at 862-3044. It was great addition to the garden this hiking through the woods, brochure. to see all of you in the year, funds will be especially climbing the mountains and Want some input from the Paradise Valley, and hope to needed. strolling the grasslands to see U.S. Forest Service? The see you again soon! Plant growers making the native plants. We had no Flathead National Forest can Maria Mantas, sale happen were: Lori Parr- trouble filling our summer help, and you can contact F lat head C hapter Pres ident Canpbell, Calvin Duke, Pelah Teresa Wenum at the calendar with field trips; in Hoyt, Scoff Miles, Helen Supervisor's Office for more fact, we've had at least one a Atthowe, Jean Parker, Jean detail, whose number appears week scheduled all summer Pfeiffer, Kelly Chadwick and Botany in the brochure. long. Neil Brown and Anne Sheila Morrison. Also, Morely have Among the places to see sponsored students at the Victor School, ut wildflowers, and when, the weekly walks along the "wild "Blowout" under the direction of Lisa just brochure lists hot August sites mile" a whitewater section Hendricks and Nathan the such as the Danny On out of Bigfork where they Matsdor Beckwith, took care of several Memorial Trail on Big view birds and identifu plants. flats of plants in their Mountain, Jewel Basin in the These walks have become greenhouse. very popular, good Swan Range, and Logan Pass and for a PHILLIPS COUNTY - tt cause as well, as the in Glacier Park. There is also a city is couldn't have been better! wildflower hotline and trying to raise money to Good weather and a great Wildflower purchase website that can be checked: the land along the location teamed up to make a l-800-354-4595 or go online river and keep it from the weekend trip to The development. vrewmg m at www. fs. fed. us/outdoors/ Nature Conservancy's newest We've increased the and biggest project in naturewatch/w i ldfl owers/ the Flathead flower.html. Several other number of short evening Montana a resounding websites are listed in the strolls to try to reach more success. The Matador Ranch, people, such as Rachel in Phillips County, is a KALISPELL Members of brochure, too, and include - Potter's hike up the Columbia 60,000 acre ranch recently the Flathead chapter of MNPS www.nps.gov/plants I and Mountain Trail. Tara Continued next page >>> ll's a big stale. l.ef's share our aduentures. Be sure to write up a report of your programs and share the excitement of what you learn with the rest of us. Send your reports to: Montana Native Plant Society, Kelseya Editor, P.O. Box 1632, Noxon, MT 59853.

Page 6 Kelseya Summer 2000 purchased by The Nature Conservancy Chapter members and some Wyoming and a ranching family. Consisting of and Bozeman folks, with the eventual large expanses of native mixed-grass destination of the Gardner Lake trail. A Board Banter prairie, the vistas are long and soothing to group picture by Hal Vosen revealed over A report on the Summer Board the eye. What a treat to see so much 50 wildflower enthusiasts - three of which of Directors meeting native prairie and a variety of plant were using canes. species, with few exotics! Tour guide Wayne Phillips was ably PINE CREEK - At the annual meeting Thirteen of us from the Kelsey and assisted by Jan Nixon of Bozeman. The in the Absaroka Mountains south of Maka Flora chapters and elsewhere, met above-timberline area was covered with Livingston in June, new officers were on Saturday and hiked through one of the wildflowers, four ground hugging welcomed onto the MNPS board of native prairie areas called the Coburn willows, and a yet to be identified directors. Patrick Plantenberg of Ditch Pasture. Led by botanist Peter mustard. Of particular delight werepigmy Townsend will serve another term as Lesica, (who due to poor road conditions bitterroot, moss campion, miniafure Secretary, Betty Kuropat is repeating as was able to put paying off work to help us elephant head, marsh marigold, and Vice President, and Fay Valois replaces with a species list!), and Brian Martin of swamp laurel. Over 60 species were Hal Vosen as Eastern Montana The Nafure Conservancy, we listed close viewed and discussed. Most participants Representative at Large. Hal is now to 165 species before lunch. We were all never reached Gardner Lake, but all working more closely with the impressed with the variety of native agreed it was the right time for alpine Artemisia Chapter in southeast grasses and forbs found in the area. Those wildflowers. Montana. Scott Mincemoyer, of us from the west had not seen - Hal Vosen Membership Chair, reported 400+ Oxytropis lambertii before, and were members, but noted that about 160 much pleased by the beautiful purple-blue people had not renewed their blooms that grew great profusion in in the In snow up to our memberships as of late June. The area. t location for next year's annual meeting Many of us camped at a BLM KNCCS was selected, and folks in the Noxon campground in the Little Rockies and the area will host it in the Cabinet contrast between that lusher, higher area NOXON Pete Lesica and Peter Stickney Mountains. Treasurer Madeline and the prairie was magnificent. The - once again joined an enthusiastic group Mazurski reported that the Society's campground was a bird haven and was for botanizing in the Cabinet Mountains finances are in good shape with over full of native shrubs such as American in late June. They were both on hand last 520,000 in assets. Various chapter reps plum, chokecherry, service berry, aspen, year when a new plant for the state of gave updates on their respective rose, and hawthorn, with a coniferous Montana was discovered activities, and as always, it was backdrop. on the west slopes of Berray Mountain. At the end of encouraging to hear about what so many On Sunday the group visited a drier, this day, several of us went back to see people are doing to conserve native big sagebrush community and black-tailed if it was still there, and it wast. Githopsis plants and plant communities in prairie dog towns. Being careful not to speculariodes seemed to be even more Montana. The possibility of developing step on the nests and eggs ofground- widespread in the small meadow in a website for MNPS is being explored nesting birds, we continued the plant which we found it a year ago. by Maria Mantas, so we may soon be species list, noting approximately 65 In addition, accessible on the Internet. species. more of the sensitive species, Madia minima, was seen, Brian Martin did a great job and Peter Stickney even pointed elucidating The Nature Conservancy's out a small, annual monkey flower (Mimulus breweri) rTrt t goals and vision for the Ranch and we that was new to most of us. r ngre's thank him and The Conservancy for fl On a steep, rocky bank in Snake preserving this expanse of native prairie Creek, Pete Lesica found what he thought and for sharing it with us. might be a new species for Montana, thut - Katlty Lloyd Ilower though it would be an exotic species of Festuca. Artemisis Chapter We examined trees as well, since we were in the vicinity of the Berray ' ' "Dontt let youi ' Scores 50-50 Mountain Cedars. Not as famous as the nearby Ross Creek grove, it is nonetheless , ,, filelnbership in the ,, an impressive stand of old growth, and we Montana Native Plant BILLINGS - Over 50 persons attended found that the largest known tree in the the alpine flower slide show presented by grove measures I l9 inches in diameter (or Society lapse. Send in Wayne Phillips on July 19 at the MSU- more : than 30 feet in circumference) and is :yO-Ur, renbWal: todCf.lrttS6C Billoings Science Hall. Wayne had a good over 150 feet . tall. :, day autographing his book, "Central From there, an attempt to hike onto a ,thi,'.ilcilbbf3hip .fdrffi .rdo Rocky Mountain Wildflowers" at Dalton's ridgeline to see early spring flowers was page Il. Every bne glyou bookstore and sold a few more after the stymied by knee-deep snow! But Annie program. ,are portan,t:to the'l.,,, Garde did get her first-ever look at ,i , , The next morning, a convoy of cars western Goldthread (Coptis occidentalis) iobservetion 0f''' nntiVb,:, , from Billings stopped at the Red Lodge still in bloom near the snow line. : ,: in Mofitana. . Ranger Station to pick up the Beartooth Thanks, Pete & Peter. for the hike! ',,plantS ',,,

Summer 2000 Kelseya Page 7 "I've Seen Fire and lodge and the many lodges in and around Glacier National I (would like to) FROM THE PRESIDENT Park. I soon found myself in See Rain..." the office of the Lodge WAYNE PHILLIPS managrir, where a huge vase of Smoke filled valleys, camas wildflowers sat on the homes desffoyed, thousands of desk. With the calmest and acres of forists blackened: a River in far northwestern name). The climax of the trip least judgemental tone that I dreadful scene, and with Montana have accepted the was emerging from the forest could muster, I explained that I "sunny days I think will never challenge to host the next to an immense meadow filled was a member of the Montana end" ihere is no conclusion in annual meeting. Jill Davies, with wildflowers and grasses Native Plant Society, our sight. At a time like this it is Dennis Nicholls and Sam with a view of Paradise Valley. purposes, etc. I explained the hard not to be nesative about Cullota are excited about Thanks for a great trip, Matt! need to allow the plants to forest fues...to reirember that showing their area to the Other trip leaders included complete their life cycle and fire is, after all, just a force of Society. They have already Sheila Thomp_son (lichens), set seed, so they could continue the ecosystem the same as picked a mascot, the wild Robyn Klein (keying plants), to fill the nearby wet meadows. wind, flood, avalanche and ginger (Asarum caudatum), a Pete Lesica (plants of the I also mentioned that camas is bitter cold, shaping the herb that grows in the deep limestone outcrops), Don a sacred plant and important landscape and riative {rade of the giant cedar forest. Mathre (mushrooms), Pete traditional food source for the vegetation the same as it has Jill has offered to create a piece Husby (Riparian), Jennifer Blackfeet People and that we foithousands of vears...that of artworkof thewildginger Whipple (Plants of were within the Blackfeet for native plants fre is neither for the tee shirt. Exciting! The Yellowstone NP), and the Reservation, etc. I suggested good nor bad...that the area is the location of the great Yellowstone River Raft Co. that the profusion of cultivated destruction of the late ice dam that created glacial (rafting the river). flowers in front of the Lodge successional forests creates lake Missoula, which will The evening program, by would be a _great source of habitat for early successional likely be featured in the the team of Liz Galli-Noble, table flowers, without the meeting program. Mark off Chuck Dalby and Mike impact of picking native plants plant species...tliat-burned next spring ihese areas wift G July l3-15, 200I on your Merigliano, was an amazing from the wild. I was well filled with the flowers of calendar now! The cool shade multi-media presentation on received by the person behind mountain hollyhock, Bicknell's of the majestic old growth the Upper Yellowstone River the desk, who promised to pass geranium, emerican cedars...a perfect place to TaskForceStudies. Therewas my message on to the dragonhead, and other plants relax, meditate, and reflect on a great raffle of plants, books, administration. whose seeds have been lying how our Society can help and artwork. I came away with This incident reminded me on the forest floor waiting foi perpetuat_e such native plant a beautiful silver buffaloberry of my personal responsibility this opportunity to germinate, refugias for future generations. shrub to add to my native plant to limit my own collecting of while the surviving sprouts of landscaping. specimens to the material that asters, arnicas, roses, wild PIAntS in PAfAdiSe Thanks so much to Linda is absolutely necessary, and bergamot, snowberry, ^. Iverson and all the members of once collected of the goldinrod, beargrass (and The spectacular peaks of the Valley of the Flowers responsibility to care for them .*y more) will ipring up to the Absaroka Range thrusting Chapter for hosting the 2000 and see that they are placed in recliim the charrea ealttr'and overhead...a quiet, green Annual Meeting of the Native a permanent herbarium fill the hillsides with brilliant meadow to camp in...trails Plant Society...the highlight of collection (and not rotting in color. across cascading streams...a my summer. the fridge). I urge each of you As the Society that soft, gentle rain...forests filled to keep alert to the promotes understanding and with orchids"'and :it1*y.r Ethicol WildJlower indiscriminant collecting of our iducation of native plaits. we friends to share it all with... ;^' native wild plants for table can represent rhe symboi of these are my n'.rori.r---oi Collecting arrangements or any Luccock Park hope in a time when hope is *d'1:^:999 In early June, I was having inappropriate use. Who certainrvneeded ^ will speak for the plants if we ffiif,:TJ,:"?iJ,i.j:i.!5"; b,,.,xT::t*: lxruirg don't? Our Society is the voice sroup hoping-to"l::: oi--rt.rrr wildflowers was for preserving, conserving and Annual Meeting 2001 l]ttt grasses about piucea my including educating the public to the 'rof€ lv{att Lavin_und :.d$,:f on table, Society members in the from j{ the i.u.rur racemes of blue camas. values of our native flora. deep forest country of the Bull Department of Plant ctun.ing around I noticed that Besides, our native plants have at MSU in Bozemtl .t.]:n::: simiiar arangement was enough trouble competing g!ft Y.:T,!:: a u for teachi"g^l!:r,l ,l]::,: being placed on ."urry table in with noxious weeds, (difficult?) plants b:,.t! ir,. iining area, over 20 vases introduced grasses, and non-intimidatinq_^,1:lh.,^ it *itrr pJthupr a hundred wildland development, without beginner and ^ ll: stimul:,ilqLf. *itano*rrs, picked for the the added pressure of human student of grasses .!uln ilq.1 Every flower { table arrangements. I began ro collecting. srlclntaneous tittte mlntally Jao up how many removed is a flower grgup inspired lunchtime,!31 I |y *itoRo*.rs wouid be picked to that the next visitor will not (lf were a tree. :?1q: I jJ keep fresh flowers on the table have an opportunity to see. (How T9:!ti,::got the Douglas fir its ;;dy day, all summer, at this ll/ayne Phillips

Ke lseya Summer 2000 RlilzoFrES (news briefs from around the state) Big Roadside Plants MILES CITY - Hal Vosen reported that he By Lisa Larsen has had quite a few inquiries about the book, KETCUES Roadside Use of Nalive Plants, which he reviewed in the last issue of Kelseya. Folks like MNPS member organization Lawyer Spike-Moss: Plartts older Nursery in Plains have been asking where they can obtain copies of the book. So here's how. An agreement has been made with than, them thar hills! Island Press to print more copies. Here's the ordering information if you're interested: /^fompact spike-moss (Selaginella now burn. \,-rdensa) is a small, perennial moss- Compact Spike-moss is an ROADSIDE USE OF NATIVE PLANTS like plant that is generally classified as a evergreen forb with lance-shaped leaves FHWA handbook for all fifty States fern ally. that grow in four ranks to form squared Available this summer through: Ferns, club mosses and horsetails rod-like branches. Stems are prostrate have traditionally been grouped with short, erect (less than one inch tall) Island Press together by botanists as pteridophytes, branches which form dense mats Orders: 800-828-1302 which ar'e vascular plants that reproduce somewhat resembling Berber carpet. It fax orders : 7 07 -983-641 4 by spores rather than seeds. However, has a shallow, extensive root system, email orders: [email protected] in the mid-20th century considerable allowing it to rapidly utilize water from Mail orders: Island Press, PO Box 7, Covelo, information gathered indicated that small precipitation events, thus making cA 9s428 these three spore-bearing plant groups it unavailable to other plants. are not closely related and, in fact, It is found throughout the Roadside Use of Native Plants represent three totally separate lines of Intermountain West and northern Great BOOK COSTS: evolution. Plains on dry, sandy or rocky soils. Quantity Discount All three plant groups are ancient, l-9 books 0%...... 525.00 each with fossils of each being found in Reprinted from a "llildflower lllotch" t0-24 t0% rocks of the Devonian age, a time when column which appeared in the Helena 25-49 20% land was first being colonized by plants. Independent Record August 28, 1998. s0-99 25% Even 350 million years ago, the three Lisa Larsen is a revegetation specialist t00-499 30% groups were distinct from one another in Helena and a member of the Kelsey 500 plus 50% as they are today. Chapter of MNPS. Add the cost of shipping to your order as A lthough the Lycophytes well: $5.75 shipping for I and C[.(Se/aginella and related clubmoss 52.00 for each additional book. Lycopodium) are a small and ORDERS must be prepaid (Government inconspicuous group of plants today, agencies can submit purchase orders.) they dominated major habitats for 40 million years. In the Carboniferous Foll Board Meeting Period, some lycophytes were forest- forming trees more than 100 feet tall; HELENA The MNPS Board of Directors their remains are a source of the coal we - will meet on Saturday, Oct. 28th at l0 a.m. in the Lewis and Clark County Library Native Plant Sketches Grace Kelseya (small meeting room) in Helena to conduct the business affairs of the Society. The meeting will conclude by 4:00 pm. This TROY Perhaps you've noticed a are geffing them scanned and on disk number of sketches in this issue of for our private organizational, non- meeting is open to all MNPS members and guests, so come join us and participate in the Kelseya that have you wondering who profit use. It's a wonderful thing, as your Society. If you can't has such talent for drawing our native good native plant drawings are business affairs of would like to express (and some of our exotic) flora. Her sometimes hard to come by, and clip art attend the meeting, but your to the name is Debbie McNiel and she lives in CDs usually don't have good opinions or make suggestions please your Troy in far northwestern Montana. representations of natives. Board, contact chapter (see page this Pete Lesica has worked with her on Thank you, Debbie, for permission representative back of me anytime. creating over 350 native plant sketches to utilize these sketches. newsletter), or write or call and Debbie is kindly allowing MNPS to Look for an interview with Debbie Wayne Phillips use those in our newsletter. Slo*ly. we in the Autumn edition of Kelseva.

Summer 2000 Kelseya Page 9 A Comrnunity Pfqtect Transforming an industrial site into a native plants paradise

By Jan Metzmaker consffuct and develop the site, ground covers. The Native so I submitted my idea to Plant Nursery in Glacier WHITEFISH-Anewlibrary Bruce Boody, a local National Park donated some was constructed on the former landscape architect. He additional plants, however, playground adjacent to "enhanced" the plan and there is still a great deal of Whitefish Central School in created a $26,000 project. bare ground awaiting plants. 1998. Additional property was Undaunted by the price tag, I In the fall of 1999, 7a' expenence. purchased from Burlington decided to pursue local grade science students went on Many members Northern Railroad to develop a donations and benefactors. a field trip on Big Mountain of the community have larger site. Unfortunately, a I was able to enlist various with Jeff Evans, a botanisVre- become involved either flat, grassy field surrounded by members of the community in vegetation specialist to collect through in-kind donations or a chain link fence with a view the project. The Whitefish native wild flower seeds. The purchasing memorial trees. All of a blighted industrial area Parks and Recreation students planted the seeds in ffees have an engraved sign left much to be desired. Department removed and 700 peat pots which were indicating the species common In order to improve the recycled the sod. The City of placed in the Whitefish name, scientific name and viewscape, I wrote a grant to Whitefish donated the site Gardens greenhouse for person for whom the ffee was the Plum Creek Foundation prep, grading and excavation planting in early June. purchased. and was awarded $2000 to of the site. A drip irrigation Additional plants which were Using the generous grant purchase native ffees for a system was installed by the either too difficult to grow or from your organization, I 300x40 foot boulevard situated Whitefish School District. the seed was unavailable were bought the following plants: between the chain link fence Local contractors donated l0 purchased from a native plant (20 or 40 ofeach): and the rail yard. I was dump truck loads of topsoil, nursery with grant money Anemone patens, uncertain as to how to 58 tons of very large boulders, provided by the Montana Aquilegia caerulea, and a dump truck load of Native Plant Society. B al s amorhiza s agitt at a, pathway gravel. This project has been Erigonum umbelatum, A weed barrier between the enthusiastically embraced by Gaillardia aristata, site and playground fence was teachers and students alike. Xerophyllum tenu, constructed with 920 square The 76 grade science students P hys ocarpus malv ac e ous, feet of donated weedblock. are using the site for their Rubus partiflorus, and several additional loads of forestry unit in biology. They Spirea douglasii, pea gravel. A chip truckload can see the difference among P ac hys t i ma myr s inites, of Glacier Gold compost was our many species of native Camassia quamash. purchased to enhance the poor trees and learn the various The 7th grade science soil and protective fencing was requirements necessary for classes use the last week of donated to protect the site. each to grow and thrive. The school to plant the site. The Once the preliminary work importance of native plants, school district will expand the was accomplished, the 7n and where and how they grow in irrigation system into the 8s graders spread the topsoil the wild, the different growing newly planted areas. My and compost over the entire strategies, how to collect and family and I tend the site site so the planting could grow seeds and how to care for during the summer. The begin. During the last week of plants have been valuable additional plants currently school, the students planted lessons. The students enjoy residing in a local greenhouse approximately S 1000 in the outdoor classroom and are will be planted when they are purchased trees, shrubs and willing participants; well, for large enough to be plants. The native tree species the most part. Getting a 13 transplanted. planted were: year old to weed is sometimes If you are in Whitefish, Pinus ponderosa, a hard sell! take a few minutes to check Pinus contorta, Hopefully, each student out our site, east of the library Larix occidentalis, will be able to identify the and train depot on RailwaY Pinus monticola, different plants growing in the Avenue, between Spokane and Picea engelmannii, mini-environments we have Kalispell Avenues. Look for Abies lasiocarpa, created. They will learn about the bright orange and blue Tsuga heterophylla, fire ecology and how temporary fence. Additional Thuja plicata, Lodgepole Pine trees re-seed, plants, weeders, and donations Populus tremuloides, feel the difference between a are always welcome. For more P seudotsuga menz ies ii, fir tree and a spruce and know information, contact Jan and Betula papyrifera. that Western Larch lose their Metzmaker, 915 Dakota Approximately 30 different needles. Avenue, Whitefish, MT planted Developing the Native 59937 (406) 862-7960 or 'alongnative shrubs were with four different Tree Site has been a rewarding j metzmaker@hot mail. c om. Summer 2000 Page l0 MNPS Cms & rrn AREAs rHEr Snnrm:

. ARTEMISIA CHAPTER - Yellowstone and Carbon Counties: southeasten/south-central Montana o BEARTOOTH MOUNTAIN CHAPTER - South-central Montan4 the Beadooth Plateau country . CALYPSO CHAPTER - Beaverhead, Madison, Deer Lodge, Silver Bow Counties; southwestem Montana . CLARK FORK CHAPTER - Lake, Mineral, Missoul4 Powell, Ravalli Counties . FLATHEAD CHAPTER - Flath€ad and Lake Counties plus Glacier National Park . KELSEY CHAPaIER - Lewis & Clark and Jefferson Counties . MAKA FLORA CHAPTER - Richland, Roosevelt, McCone, Sheridan and Daniels Counties r VALLEY OF THE FLOWERS CHAPTER - Gallatin, Park, Sweet crass Counties plus Yellowstone National Park

AU MNPS chapten welcome members from areas other than those indicated. We've listed counties just to give you some idea of what part ofthe state is served by each chapter. Additional chapters are in the planning stages for other areas. Watcb for announce- ments ofmectings in your local newspaper. Ten paid members are required for a chapter to be eligible for acceptance in MNPS.

YOUR MAILING IaIBEL TELIS YOU THE FOLLOWING:

CLASS OF MEMBERSHIP (See I, IL III, IV below) CHAPTER AFFILIATION: (ART=Anrmisir; CAl=Calypso; CF{lark Fork; F=Fla$rad; K=Kclscy; MF=Maka Flon; VOF=Vdl€y of thc Flowers) DATE YOLJR MEMBERSHIP EXPIR.ES. If your label re ads "2/97" your membenhip expired Febru ty 2E, 1997 . Use this form to renew your memb€nhip TODAY! Please drop us a note if any information on your labcl is incorrect. Please notiry us promptly ofany address changes. Membership in the Montana Native Plant Society is on a calendar-year basis, March I through the end of February of the follow- ing year. New-member applications proccessed before the end of October each year will expire the following February; those proc- essed after November I will expire in February ofthe year after. Membership renewal notices are included in the Winter issue of KELSEYA. Please renew your membership before the summer issue ofKelsqya so your name is not dropped from our mailing list. Your continued support is crucial to the conservation ofnative plants in Montana. THANK YOU. F rIII-IIIIII-IIIIIIIII I I BECOME A MEMBER OR RENEWYOTIR MEMBERSHIP IN TIM I MONTAhIA NATIVE PT.ANT I SOCIETY I I DATE I I NAME (please print) Email I I ADDRESS CITY/STATE/ZIP I I PHoNE (_) NEW MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL I

STATEWIDE MEMBERSHIP WITH MEMBER-AT-LARGE (No chapter affi liation) I 66LIVING I CHAPTER AFFILIATION OT LIGHTLY' I $18 I. Individual $12 I. Individual I zz II. Family l8 II. Family I - 35 III. BusinesVOrganization 30 III. BusinesVOrganization I I 300 IV. Lifetime Members (one-time payment) 300 IV. Lifetime member (one-time payment) I MAKE C}IECKS PAYABLE TO: Canadian subscribers please add $4.00 to each ! I MoNTANA NATTvE PLANT socrETY category to cover additional mailing costs. I P.O. Box 8783 Additional donations may be specified for a I Missoula MT 59807-8783 particular project. I L-rrrrr-r II I IIIIIII-TJ Summer 2000 Kelseya Page ll MONTANA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY

The Montana Native Plant Society (MNPS) is a 501-C-3 (not-for-profit) corporation chartered for the purpose ofpreserving, conserving and studying the native plants and plant communities of Montana" and educating the public to the values of our native flora. Contributions to MNPS are tax deductible, and may PRESIDENT - Wayne Phillips Great Falls 453-0648 be designated for a specific projcct or chapter, for the Small Grants fund, or may PAST PRESIDENT - Linda Iverson Big Timber 932-5844 be made to the general operating fund. VICE-PRESIDENT - Betty Kuropat Col. Fafls 892-0129 Your yearly membership fee includes subscription KELSEYA, a to the SECRETARY - Patrick Plantenberg Townsend 266-5265 newsletter of MNPS, published quarterly. We welcome your articles, clippings, TREASURER - Madeline Mazurski Missoula 542-0262 field trip reports, meeting notices, book reviews almost anything, in fact, that NEWSLETTER EDITOR - Dennis Nicholls Noxon 847-2040 relates to our native plants or thc society. Please- include a line or two of "bio" information with each article. Dawings should be in black ink or good-quality DIRECTORS AT I./IRGE photocopy. If you send clippings, please note the source, volume/issue, and Eestern Montane - Fay Valois Vaughn 264-5465 date. All meeting and field trip notices, field trip reports or announcements Western Montana - Sam Culotta tsigfork 8374298 should be mailed to KELSEYA EDITOR, P.O. BOX 1632, NOXON, MT 59853. All items should be typed and, if possible, put on a 3.5" disk and saved in CHA PTER RE PRESENTATI YES Microsoft Word or Microsoft Publisher for a PC. Please include a hard copy Artemisie Chepter - Hal Vosen Miles City 232-2608 with your disk. Beartooth Mountrin - Jean Radonski Red Lodge 446-3901 CHANGES OF ADDRESS AND INQUIRIES ABOUT MEMBERSHIP IN Crlypso Chapter - Annie Greene Dillon 683-6594 MNPS SHOULD BE SENT TO: MNPS MEMBERSHIP, P.O. BOX 8783, Clark Fork Chapter - Gertrude Lackschewitz Missoula 543-5009 MISSOI.JLA MT 59807.8783. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE SHOULD Flrthead Chapter - Maria Mantas whitefish 862-3042 ALSO BE DIRECTED TO THE MISSOULA ADDRESS. Kelsey Chapter - Kathy Lloyd Clancy 449-6586 Advertising space is available in cach issue at $S/column inch. Ads must be Makr Flore Chapter - Al Joyes Westby 385-2579 camera-ready and must meet the guidelines set by the Board of Directors for Velley of Flowers Chrpter - Linda lverson Big Timber 932-5840 suitable subject matter; that is, be related in some way to plants or the interests of MNPS members. STANDING COMMITTEES Deadline for each issue is AUTUMN - September l0; WINTER - December Conservetion - Peter Lesica Missoula 728-8744 l0; SPRING - March l0; SUMMER - June 10. NOTE THE DEADLINE FOR Education - vacant - AUTU\4N 2OOO N OCTOBER 15. Landsceping/Revegetation John Pierce Missoula 542-2640 Newsletter/Publicrtions - Linda Iverson Big Timber 932-5840 Want extrir copies of Kelseyafor friends or family? Call the Newsletter Editor or Smell Grrnts - Rachel Feigley Townsend 266-3094 write to the Noxon address for more information. Membership - Scott Mincemoyer Missotrla 251-7099

IF YOU MOVE, PLEASE NOTIFY US AT MNPS MEMBERSHIP, 2405 HIGHWOOD, MISSOULA MT 59803-2'27

MONTANA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY U.S. Postage KELSEYA Editor PAID P.O. Box 1632 Bulk Permit #3 Noxon, MT 59853 Plains, MT 59859 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED

(c) Copright 2000 Printed on Montana Native Recycled Plant Sociew & Paper

PETER LESICA 929 LOCUST MISSOULA MT 59802 1.211101