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The Isotopic Composition of Respired Carbon Dioxide in Scleractinian Corals: Implications for Cycling of Organic Carbon in Corals
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 69, No. 6, pp. 1495–1509, 2005 Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0016-7037/05 $30.00 ϩ .00 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.004 The isotopic composition of respired carbon dioxide in scleractinian corals: Implications for cycling of organic carbon in corals 1, 2 3 4 3 5 PETER K. SWART *, ALINA SZMANT ,JAMES W. PORTER ,RICHARD E. DODGE ,JENNIFER I. TOUGAS , and JOHN R. SOUTHAM 1Division of Marine Geology and Geophysics, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA 2Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 5600 Marvin Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA 3Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA 4National Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, FL, USA 5Department of Geological Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33129, USA (Received March 18, 2004; accepted in revised form September 10, 2004) Abstract—The origin of ␦13C variations within the skeletons of zooxanthellate scleractinian corals is still a ␦13 matter of considerable debate. In particular, the role respired CO2 plays in controlling the eventual Cofthe ␦13 skeleton remains unclear. In this study, the temporal variability of the C of respired CO2 produced by Montastraea faveolata has been measured at approximately monthly intervals over a 1-year period. In these experiments, three corals maintained on a platform at 8 m depth near Molasses Reef in the Florida Keys were incubated in closed chambers for 24-h periods and samples of the incubation water analyzed for the ␦13Cof ⌺ ϳ the dissolved inorganic carbon ( CO2)at 3-h intervals. -
Mangroves and Coral Reefs: David Stoddart and the Cambridge Physiographic Tradition Colin D
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health Part B 2018 Mangroves and coral reefs: David Stoddart and the Cambridge physiographic tradition Colin D. Woodroffe University of Wollongong, [email protected] Publication Details Woodroffe, C. D. (2018). Mangroves and coral reefs: David Stoddart and the Cambridge physiographic tradition. Atoll Research Bulletin, 619 121-145. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Mangroves and coral reefs: David Stoddart and the Cambridge physiographic tradition Abstract Mangroves are particularly extensive on sheltered, macrotidal, muddy tropical coastlines, but also occur in association with coral reefs. Reefs attenuate wave energy, in some locations enabling the accretion of fine calcareous sediments which in turn favour establishment of seagrasses and mangroves. Knowledge of the distribution and ecology of both reefs and mangroves increased in the first half of the 20th century. J Alfred Steers participated in the Great Barrier Reef Expedition in 1928, and developed an interest in the geomorphological processes by which islands had formed in this setting. It became clear that many mangrove forests showed a zonation of species and some researchers inferred successional changes, even implying that reefs might transition through a mangrove stage, ultimately forming land. Valentine Chapman studied the ecology of mangroves, and Steers and Chapman described West Indian mangrove islands in the 1940s during the University of Cambridge expedition to Jamaica. These studies provided the background for David Stoddart's participation in the Cambridge Expedition to British Honduras and his PhD examination of three Caribbean atolls. -
Mollusks Background the Florida Keys Marine Ecosystem Supports a Diverse Fauna of Mollusks Belonging to Several Orders
2010 Quick Look Report: Miller et al. VII. Abundance and Size of Selected Mollusks Background The Florida Keys marine ecosystem supports a diverse fauna of mollusks belonging to several orders. Opisthobranch mollusks, for example, are represented by at least 30 species of sea slugs (Sacoglossa) and 23 species of nudibranchs (Nudibranchia) (Clark and DeFreese 1987; Levy et al. 1996), including at least three endemic species (Clark 1994). Data on the status and trends of mollusk populations and habitat utilization patterns in the Florida Keys, with the exception of queen conch (Strombus gigas), are generally limited (Marcus 1960; Jensen and Clark 1983; Clark and DeFreese 1987), as most previous studies have been qualitative in nature (Clark 1994; Trowbridge 2002). Clark (1994) noted a declining population trend for the lettuce sea slug, Elysia (Tridachia) crispata Mörch (see cladistic analyses in Gosliner 1995; Jensen 1996) in southern Florida, based upon qualitative comparisons of occurrence and population densities between 1969-80 and 1987-93. About 50% of the nearshore populations assessed by Clark (1994) nearly 17 years ago were declining due to habitat destruction, siltation, eutrophication, and over- collection, particularly evident in nearshore habitats. Since 2001, we have conducted intermittent surveys of various gastropod mollusk species in conjunction with assessments of other benthic variables. For example, we encountered unusually high densities of lettuce sea slugs among 63 shallow fore reef sites during June-September 2001. While sacoglossans are not particularly rare in many shallow-water marine habitats where densities correlate with algal biomass (Clarke and DeFreese 1987), our observations offshore were considered unusual because fleshy algal cover tends to be relatively low (Chiappone et al. -
III. Species Richness and Benthic Cover
2009 Quick Look Report: Miller et al. III. Species Richness and Benthic Cover Background The most species-rich marine communities probably occur on coral reefs and this pattern is at least partly due to the diversity of available habitats and the degree to which species are ecologically restricted to particular niches. Coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean in particular are usually thought to hold the greatest diversity of marine life at several levels of biological diversity. Diversity on coral reefs is strongly influenced by environmental conditions and geographic location, and variations in diversity can be correlated with differences in reef structure. For example, shallow and mid-depth fore-reef habitats in the Caribbean were historically dominated by largely mono-specific zones of just two Acropora species, while the Indo-Pacific has a much greater number of coral species and growth forms. Coral reefs are in a state of decline worldwide from multiple stressors, including physical impacts to habitat, changes in water quality, overfishing, disease outbreaks, and climate change. Coral reefs in a degraded state are often characterized by one or more signs, including low abundances of top-level predators, herbivores, and reef-building corals, but higher abundances of non-hermatypic organisms such as seaweeds. For the Florida Keys, there is little doubt that areas historically dominated by Acropora corals, particularly the shallow (< 6 m) and deeper (8-15 m) fore reef, have changed substantially, largely due to Caribbean-wide disease events and bleaching. However, debate continues regarding other causes of coral reef decline, thus often making it difficult for resource managers to determine which courses of action to take to minimize localized threats in lieu of larger-scale factors such as climate change. -
California State University, Northridge an Ecological
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE AN ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TROPICAL CORAL REEF RESPONSES TO PAST AND PROJECTED DISTURBANCES A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology By Elizabeth Ann Lenz May 2014 The thesis of Elizabeth A. Lenz is approved by: Robert C. Carpenter, Ph.D. Date: Eric D. Sanford, Ph.D. Date: Mark A. Steele, Ph.D. Date: Peter J. Edmunds, Ph.D., Chair Date: California State University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Peter J. Edmunds first and foremost for being my fearless leader and advisor - for the incredible opportunities and invaluable mentorship he has provided to me as a graduate student in the Polyp Lab. I am ever so grateful for his guidance, endless caffeinated energy, constructive critiques, and dry British humor. I would also like to thank my loyal committee members Drs. Robert Carpenter and Mark Steele at CSUN for their availability and expert advise during this process. Their suggestions have greatly contributed to my thesis. I would not only like to acknowledge Dr. Eric Sanford from UC Davis for serving on my committee, but thank him for his incessant support throughout my career over the last 7 years. I will always admire his contagious enthusiasm for invertebrates, passion for scientific research, and unlimited knowledge about marine ecology. My research would not have been possible without the technical support and assistance from my colleagues in Moorea, French Polynesia and St. John, USVI. I am grateful to Dr. Lorenzo Bramanti, Dr. Steeve Comeau, Vince Moriarty, Nate Spindel, Emily Rivest, Christopher Wall, Darren Brown, Alexandre Yarid, Nicolas Evensen, Craig Didden, the VIERS staff, and undergraduate assistants: Kristin Privitera-Johnson and Amanda Arnold. -
Decade-Scale Trend in Sea Water Salinity Revealed Through ฮด<Sup>
BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 54(3): 670-678, 1994 DECADE-SCALE TREND IN SEA WATER SALINITY REVEALED THROUGH 8180 ANALYSIS OF MONTASTRAEA ANNULARIS ANNUAL GROWTH BANDS Robert B. Halley, Peter K. Swart, Richard E. Dodge, and J. Harold Hudson ABSTRACT Stable oxygen isotope ratios (1)180) of coral skeletons are influenced by ambient water temperature and by the oxygen isotope ratio in the surrounding sea water, which, in turn, is linked to evaporation (salinity) and precipitation. To investigate this relationship more thor- oughly, we collected hourly temperature data from the Hen and Chickens Reef in the Florida Keys between 1975 and 1988 and compared them to'the 1)180 of Montastraea annularis skeleton that grew during the same interval. To ensure that we obtained the correct oxygen isotopic range in the skeleton we typically sampled the coral at a resolution of 20-30 samples in 1 year; in 1 year we sampled the coral at a resolution of 70 samples·year-'. Despite our high-resolution sampling, we were unable to obtain the full temperature-induced 1)180 range in the skeleton. Our data suggest that, during the summer, evaporation causes isotopic en- richment in the water, partially masking the temperature-induced signal. Our data also show that oxygen isotopic composition of seawater at the reef has increased since 1981. This increase indicates that salinity has increased slightly during the past decade, perhaps as a result of increased evaporation in waters of Florida Bay and the Keys. This phenomenon is probably not caused by a decrease in the outflow of freshwater into Florida Bay from the Everglades but may be related to the measured deficit in precipitation that has occurred over the past decade. -
Reef Explorer Guide Highlights the Underwater World ALLIGATOR of the Florida Keys, Including Unique Coral Reefs from Key Largo to OLD CANNON Key West
REEF EXPLORER The Florida Keys & Key West, "come as you are" © 2018 Monroe County Tourist Development Council. All rights reserved. MCTDU-3471 • 15K • 7/18 fla-keys.com/diving GULF OF FT. JEFFERSON NATIONAL MONUMNET MEXICO AND DRY TORTUGAS (70 MILES WEST OF KEY WEST) COTTRELL KEY YELLOW WESTERN ROCKS DRY ROCKS SAND Marathon KEY COFFIN’S ROCK PATCH KEY EASTERN BIG PINE KEY & THE LOWER KEYS DRY ROCKS DELTA WESTERN SOMBRERO SHOALS SAMBOS AMERICAN PORKFISH SHOALS KISSING HERMAN’S GRUNTS LOOE KEY HOLE SAMANTHA’S NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY OUTER REEF CARYSFORT ELBOW DRY ROCKS CHRIST GRECIAN CHRISTOF THE ROCKS ABYSS OF THE KEY ABYSSA LARGO (ARTIFICIAL REEF) How it works FRENCH How it works PICKLES Congratulations! You are on your way to becoming a Reef Explorer — enjoying at least one of the unique diving ISLAMORADA HEN & CONCH CHICKENS REEF MOLASSES and snorkeling experiences in each region of the Florida Keys: LITTLE SPANISH CONCH Key Largo, Islamorada, Marathon, Big Pine Key & The Lower Keys PLATE FLEET and Key West. DAVIS CROCKER REEF REEF/WALL Beginners and experienced divers alike can become a Reef Explorer. This Reef Explorer Guide highlights the underwater world ALLIGATOR of the Florida Keys, including unique coral reefs from Key Largo to OLD CANNON Key West. To participate, pursue validation from any dive or snorkel PORKFISH HORSESHOE operator in each of the five regions. Upon completion of your last reef ATLANTIC exploration, email us at [email protected] to receive an access OCEAN code for a personalized Keys Reef Explorer poster with your name on it. -
Natural Resources Management Needs for Coastal and Littoral Marine Ecosystems of the U.S
Technical Report HCSU-002 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT NEEDS FOR COASTAL AND LITTORAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE U.S. AFFILIATED PACIFIC ISLANDS: American Samoa, Guam, COMMONWealth OF THE Northern MARIANAS Maria Haws, Editor Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai`i at Hilo, Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center (PACRC), P.O. Box 44, Hawai`i National Park, HI 96718 Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai`i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 Technical Report HCSU-002 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT NEEDS FOR COASTAL AND LITTORAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE U.S. AFFILIATED PACIFIC ISLANDS: American Samoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of Palau Maria Haws, Ph.D., Editor Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center/University of Hawai’i Hilo University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 Hawai’i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai’i at Hilo Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center (PACRC) 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 (808)933-0706 November 2006 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CA03WRAG0036 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey The opinions expressed in this product are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the U.S. Government. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Technical Report HCSU-002 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT NEEDS FOR COASTAL AND LITTORAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE U.S. -
September 2008 the ACTIVE DIVERS ASSOCIATION
The Our Web edivers. www.activ Mouthpiece org/ September 2008 THE ACTIVE DIVERS ASSOCIATION ADA FREE RAFFLE-FREE BBQ-FREE DIVE OCTOBER 18, 2008 WHO- ADA MEMBERS AND FAMILY WHERE- JOHN LLOYD STATE PARK 1.5 miles north of Sheridan St. on A1A, Dania, Fl. WHEN- Beach Dive at 9 am, raffle and bbq at noon. FREE RAFFLE PRIZES GENEROUSLY CONTRIBUTED BY: FLORIDA KEY DIVE CENTER AUSTINS DIVE CENTER DIVERS DEN 1 AQUA LUNG REGULATOR 1 DIVER ALERT PLUS 2 GIFT CERTIFICATES 2 UNDER WATER CAMERAS 1 UK LED DIVE LIGHT 2 AIR FILL CARDS- 10 FILLS 1 GIFT CERTIFICATE 1 WENOKA DIVE KNIFE 1LEXAN LED DIVE LIGHT 1 AIR FILL CARD- 15 FILLS 1 SAFETY SAUSAGE 1 UK DIVE BEACON 2 FKDC BASEBALL CAPS 1 CYMILIUM STOPS 1 INNOVATIVE WRIST SLATE 2 DIVE FLAG BEACH TOWELS 2 AIR FILL CARDS-10 FILLS 1 SCUBA PRO COMPASS 10 COZIES AND KEY CHAINS 3 KEEP OCEANS T-SHIRTS 1 TUSA MINI KNIFE MUST BE PRESENT TO WIN MUST RSVP TO WIN, call Lon 305 251 4975 EVERYONE WINS, GUARANTEED!! That’s right, all attending will win. More info. For beach diving, bring all your own gear and a dive flag if you have one. The reef is about 100yds off shore. Jerry has dived this area and reports it is very good. The pavilion has covered shelter, very nice bathroom, showers, and changing rooms. We will have the BBQ and raffle rain or shine, unless a hurricane threatens. BBQ will include burgers, dogs, chicken, extras, and all drinks To RSVP CALL LON 305 251 4975 RSVP DEAD- LINE OCT 10 Page 1 Pickles Reef Coral Restoration Project, ADA by Ken Nedimyer, President July 18th and 19 th , 2008 Coral Restoration Foundation On July 18 th , 2008, the Coral Restoration Foundation started the first of six staghorn coral restoration projects for the year at Pickles Reef off Key Largo Florida. -
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN No. 256 CAYS of the BELIZE
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN No. 256 CAYS OF THE BELIZE BARRIER REEF AND LAGOON by D . R. Stoddart, F. R. Fosberg and D. L. Spellman Issued by THE SMlTHSONlAN INSTITUTION Washington, D. C., U.S.A. April 1982 CONTENTS List of Figures List of Plates i i Abstract 1 1. Introduction 2 2. Structure and environment 5 3. Sand cays of the northern barrier reef 9 St George's East Cay Paunch Cay Sergeant' s Cay Curlew Cay Go£ f ' s Cay Seal Cay English Cay Sandbore south of English Cay Samphire Spot Rendezvous Cay Jack's Cays Skiff Sand Cay Glory Tobacco Cay South Water Cay Carrie Bow Cay Curlew Cay 5. Sand cays of the southern barrier reef 23 Silk or Queen Cays North Silk Cay Middle Silk Cay Sauth Silk Cay Samphire Cay Round Cay Pompion Cay Ranguana Cay North Spot Tom Owen's Cay Tom Owen's East Cay Tom Owen's West Cay Cays between Tom Owen's Cays and Northeast Sapodilla Cay The Sapodilla Cays Northeast Sapodilla Cay Frank 's Cays Nicolas Cay Hunting Cay Lime Cay Ragged Cay Seal Cays 5. Cays of the barrier reef lagoon A. The northern lagoon Ambergris Cay Cay Caulker Cay Chapel St George ' s Cay Cays between Cay Chapel and Belize ~ohocay Stake Bank Spanish Lookout Cay Water Cay B. The Southern Triangles Robinson Point Cay Robinson Island Spanish Cay C. Cays of the central lagoon Tobacco Range Coco Plum Cay Man-o '-War Cay Water Range Weewee Cay Cat Cay Lagoon cays between Stewart Cay and Baker's Rendezvous Jack's Cay Buttonwood Cay Trapp 's Cay Cary Cay Bugle Cay Owen Cay Scipio Cay Colson Cay Hatchet Cay Little Water Cay Laughing Bird Cay Placentia Cay Harvest Cay iii D. -
Zootaxa, Designation of Ancylomenes Gen. Nov., for the 'Periclimenes
Zootaxa 2372: 85–105 (2010) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Designation of Ancylomenes gen. nov., for the ‘Periclimenes aesopius species group’ (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae), with the description of a new species and a checklist of congeneric species* J. OKUNO1 & A. J. BRUCE2 1Coastal Branch of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 123 Yoshio, Katsuura, Chiba 299-5242, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2Crustacea Section, Queensland Museum, P. O. Box 3300, South Brisbane, Q4101, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] * In: De Grave, S. & Fransen, C.H.J.M. (2010) Contributions to shrimp taxonomy. Zootaxa, 2372, 1–414. Abstract A new genus of the subfamily Pontoniinae, Ancylomenes gen. nov. is established for the ‘Periclimenes aesopius species group’ of the genus Periclimenes Costa. The new genus is distinguished from other genera of Pontoniinae on account of the strongly produced inferior orbital margin with reflected inner flange, and the basicerite of the antenna armed with an angular dorsal process. Fourteen species have been previously recognized as belonging to the ‘P. aesopius species group’. One Eastern Pacific species (P. lucasi Chace), and two Atlantic species (P. anthophilus Holthuis & Eibl- Eibesfeldt, and P. pedersoni Chace) are now also placed in Ancylomenes gen. nov. A further new species associated with a cerianthid sea anemone, A. luteomaculatus sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of specimens from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, and Philippines. A key for their identification, and a checklist of the species of Ancylomenes gen. -
Marine Debris in Reef Habitats
Marine Debris in Reef Habitats Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Lost Fishing Gear is Common in Sanctuary Waters Marine debris is one of the most widespread and persistent forms of pollution affecting the world’s ocean and coastal waters. Plastics, lost fishing gear, derelict vessels and other marine debris can find its way into even the most remote ocean waters where it can harm marine life. While most debris originates from activities taking place at sea, coastal communities also contribute significantly to this global threat. In the Florida Keys, where recreational and commercial fisheries have existed for over 100 years, lost fishing gear and other marine debris have accumulated on the seafloor. Lost or abandoned fishing gear and other trash entangles and harms stony corals, sea fans, sponges, sea turtles, manatees and other marine life. It also degrades seagrass, hard- bottom, coral reef and mangrove habitats and detracts from the natural beauty of the islands. For these and other reasons, citizens and resource managers of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary are concerned about the environmental impacts of all marine debris. Scientists Document Prevalence of Marine Debris Coral researchers from Nova Southeastern University (NSU) Oceanographic Center (formerly with University of North Carolina Wilmington) began conducting Keys-wide surveys of marine debris in 2000 during their assessments of corals, Team OCEAN volunteers use kayaks to collect marine debris. sponges and other benthic (bottom-dwelling) marine life. Since then, debris data have been recorded in 2008, 2010-11, and 2012. The 2012 surveys were conducted in collaboration with scientists from the sanctuary, National Park Service and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and included 600 coral reef and hard-bottom sites from Biscayne National Park to Key West.