DOCSLIB.ORG

Visit the Trails -Northwest 36 X 48

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Visit the Trails -Northwest 36 X 48 12590_Santa Fe Gardener 1/2 - XT90 6. Visit the trails -Northwest 36 x 48 Oregon and California Santa Fe Trail Association National Historic Trails Oregon-California Trails Association Visit The Trails - Northwest City of Gardner National Park Service Oregon and California Trails A Look Back In Time The Oregon and California trails were pathways for the greatest mass migration in American history. From the late 1820s to the 1870s, an estimated 300,000 fur traders, mis­ sionaries, settlers, and gold seekers followed these trails. In the 1840s and 1850s, emigrants from the eastern and central United States walked 2,000 miles from the Missouri River landings to fertile Oregon farmlands or California goldfields. Once-friendly western tribes watched in mounting anger as emigrants impacted the game, grass, water and wood. The rich and varied cultures of the Great Plains Indians were changed forever. Visiting the National Historic Trails Today BRITISH NORTH A\1ERI CA ' - l -- - -' - MINNESOTI>. ' tERRl10RY •1 Union Town/Herbert Reinhard •2 St. Marys Mission •3 Indian Pay Station Historic •4 Red Vermillion Crossing/Vieux ( .,. Green Memorial Wildlife Park Site and Museum Cemetery/Cholera Cemetery , , This site was an important stop­ .1, An Oregon Trail village from This Indian Agency served to Louis Vieux, a Potawatomi ~. IOWA ping point for trail emigrants. ,. 1848-1859. The 83-acre park Across the highway is a public meet the terms of the 1861 Indian, established a toll bridge preserves an Oregon Trail trace, rest stop with Oregon Trail Treaty with the Potawatom i here in 1847. In 1849, members FORT• KEARNY pioneer graves, and restored exhibits. Indians. Emigrant wagon trains of a large wagon train camped bluestem prairie and native stopped here to rest, change by the creek were struck by woodlands. livestock,. and make wagon cholera, leaving 50 emigrants , repairs. dead within a week. NE.W MEXICO T ERRITORY VNORG/\MIZED 1[~.RITOR)' . ¾s, The Oregon and California trails had · •• :s-ou ~ /4.,'.-• ••• ::.j)/' •••••• :.r • • • • ""Is : significant roles in the history of the United • • • • • States, and were designated by Congress as • • national historic trails. The National Park St Joseph·:- o\~6· •* Service partners with site owners to preserve o~'t \.!'~ t _,.,,tl-f~ : i;;· the trail and to develop opportunities for ti-'"~ : <,; 10 Kilometers ·------ •... · c.:0 0 50 •. ..., • . visitor use and enjoyment. 0 10 M iles 50 • • - •• :xi •• '2.' •• (I) ·. • .... YOU ARE • The map and photographs here are a • • • • .• HERE • sampling of the trail sites you can explore. • Manhattanej' Sa/inf' R. For maps and further information about IVer these trails, visit: Junction City River • Gardner Museum, Gardner 75alina • Watkins Community Museum of History, Lawrence 56 • Kansas Museum of History, Topeka Look for the Oregon and California National Historic Trails' official logos, as well as signing for the Auto Tour Route. This auto­ mobile tour route parallels the trails via modern high­ ways and provides •5 Scott Spring/Oregon Trail Park •6 Lower Crossing on the Big Blue •7 Alcove Spring •8 Marshall's Ferry directional signing This site was another favorite This site was thought to be an This scenic spring was a popular This was one of three major to trail sites. campground for emigrants. alternate river crossing used in campsite mentioned in many river crossings on the St. Joseph Although the spring itself is later years of the trail. A way­ emigrant journals. It is one of Road to California. A roadside on private property, there is a side exhibit explains how wagon the most significant historic park nearby offers wayside roadside pullout just south of trains dealt with crossing steep sites on the Oregon Trail in exhibits and a reconstructed the site, and a public park with river embankments. Kansas. wagon ferry. trail sculptures and displays. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oregon and Manifest Destiny Americans Began to Settle All Over the Oregon Country in the 1830S
    NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ CLASS ____________ Manifest Destiny Lesson 1 The Oregon Country ESSENTIAL QUESTION Terms to Know joint occupation people from two countries living How does geography influence the way in the same region people live? mountain man person who lived in the Rocky Mountains and made his living by trapping animals GUIDING QUESTIONS for their fur 1. Why did Americans want to control the emigrants people who leave their country Oregon Country? prairie schooner cloth-covered wagon that was 2. What is Manifest Destiny? used by pioneers to travel West in the mid-1800s Manifest Destiny the idea that the United States was meant to spread freedom from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean Where in the world? 54°40'N Alaska Claimed by U.S. and Mexico (Russia) Oregon Trail BRITISH OREGON 49°N TERRITORY Bo undary (1846) COUNTRY N E W S UNITED STATES MEXICO PACIFIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN When did it happen? DOPA (Discovering our Past - American History) RESG Chapter1815 13 1825 1835 1845 1855 Map Title: Oregon Country, 1846 File Name: C12-05A-NGS-877712_A.ai Map Size: 39p6 x 26p0 Date/Proof: March 22, 2011 - 3rd Proof 2016 Font Conversions: February 26, 2015 1819 Adams- 1846 U.S. and Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission 1824 Russia 1836 Whitmans Onís Treaty gives up claim to arrive in Oregon Britain agree to Oregon 49˚N as border 1840s Americans of Oregon begin the “great migration” to Oregon 165 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ CLASS ____________ Manifest Destiny Lesson 1 The Oregon Country, Continued Rivalry in the Northwest The Oregon Country covered much more land than today’s state Mark of Oregon.
    [Show full text]
  • A Free Emigrant Road 1853: Elijah Elliott's Wagons
    Meek’s Cutoff: 1845 Things were taking much longer than expected, and their Macy, Diamond and J. Clark were wounded by musket supplies were running low. balls and four horses were killed by arrows. The Viewers In 1845 Stephen Hall Meek was chosen as Pilot of the 1845 lost their notes, provisions and their geological specimens. By the time the Train reached the north shores of Harney emigration. Meek was a fur trapper who had traveled all As a result, they did not see Meek’s road from present-day Lake, some of the men decided they wanted to drive due over the West, in particular Oregon and California. But Vale into the basin, but rode directly north to find the west, and find a pass where they could cross the Cascade after a few weeks the independently-minded ‘45ers decided Oregon Trail along Burnt River. Mountains. Meek was no longer in control. When they no Pilot was necessary – they had, after all, ruts to follow - Presented by Luper Cemetery Inc. arrived at Silver River, Meek advised them to turn north, so it was not long before everyone was doing their own Daniel Owen and follow the creek to Crooked River, but they ignored his thing. Great-Grandson of Benjamin Franklin “Frank” Owen advice. So the Train headed west until they became bogged down at the “Lost Hollow,” on the north side of Wagontire Mountain. Here they became stranded, because no water could be found ahead, in spite of the many scouts searching. Meek was not familiar with this part of Oregon, although he knew it was a very dry region.
    [Show full text]
  • California National Historic Trail City of Rocks National Reserve
    California National Historic Trail City of Rocks National Reserve A self-guided journey to discovering the California National Historic Trail at City of Rocks City of Rocks National Reserve is a partnership between the National Park Service and the Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation California National Historic Trail City of Rocks National Reserve A self-guided journey to discovering A self-guided journey to discovering the California National Historic Trail at City of Rocks Prepared by Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation and the National Park Service City of Rocks National Reserve PO Box 169 Almo, Idaho 83312 http://parksandrecreation.idaho.gov www.nps.gov/ciro 2015 Contents What’s in store before you explore? There are eight stops, six of which have interpretive signage, along the 10 mile auto route. Introduction 3 Map—Overview 4 Parting of the Ways to the Elba Basin 5 The Almo Valley 6 Twin Sisters in the Distance 7 The Salt Lake Alternate 8 Replica Wagons 9 Wagon Trains 10 Camp 11 Guide Books 12 Trails West Markers 12 Entrance to City of Rocks 13 Trail Ruts 14 First View of Circle Creek Basin 15 Tracy Homestead 16 Camp Rock 17 Treasure Rock 20 Map— Locations of the Waysides and Markers 21 Artists on the Trail 23 Register Rock 24 Pinnacle Pass 27 Ledyard and Margaret Ann Alsip Frink 29 Twin Sisters 30 Salt Lake Alternate-Boise Kelton Stage Route 32 Post Office 33 Granite Pass 34 The Mormon Battalion 35 Life on the Trail 36 Emigrant and Native American Interactions 38 Trouble on the Trail 39 Emigrant Names 40 For Further Study / Credits 41 Bibliography 42 2 Introduction City of Rocks National Reserve (Reserve) was established by Congress on November 18, 1988 in order to preserve and protect the significant historical and cultural resources; to manage recreational use; to protect and maintain scenic quality; and to interpret the nationally significant values of the Reserve.
    [Show full text]
  • Churches of Christ and Christian Churches in Early Oregon, 1842-1882 Jerry Rushford Pepperdine University
    Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Churches of Christ Heritage Center Jerry Rushford Center 1-1-1998 Christians on the Oregon Trail: Churches of Christ and Christian Churches in Early Oregon, 1842-1882 Jerry Rushford Pepperdine University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/heritage_center Part of the Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Rushford, Jerry, "Christians on the Oregon Trail: Churches of Christ and Christian Churches in Early Oregon, 1842-1882" (1998). Churches of Christ Heritage Center. Item 5. http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/heritage_center/5 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Jerry Rushford Center at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Churches of Christ Heritage Center by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHRISTIANS About the Author ON THE Jerry Rushford came to Malibu in April 1978 as the pulpit minister for the University OREGON TRAIL Church of Christ and as a professor of church history in Pepperdine’s Religion Division. In the fall of 1982, he assumed his current posi­ The Restoration Movement originated on tion as director of Church Relations for the American frontier in a period of religious Pepperdine University. He continues to teach half time at the University, focusing on church enthusiasm and ferment at the beginning of history and the ministry of preaching, as well the nineteenth century. The first leaders of the as required religion courses. movement deplored the numerous divisions in He received his education from Michigan the church and urged the unity of all Christian College, A.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Road to Oregon Written by Dr
    The Road to Oregon Written by Dr. Jim Tompkins, a prominent local historian and the descendant of Oregon Trail immigrants, The Road to Oregon is a good primer on the history of the Oregon Trail. Unit I. The Pioneers: 1800-1840 Who Explored the Oregon Trail? The emigrants of the 1840s were not the first to travel the Oregon Trail. The colorful history of our country makes heroes out of the explorers, mountain men, soldiers, and scientists who opened up the West. In 1540 the Spanish explorer Coronado ventured as far north as present-day Kansas, but the inland routes across the plains remained the sole domain of Native Americans until 1804, when Lewis and Clark skirted the edges on their epic journey of discovery to the Pacific Northwest and Zeb Pike explored the "Great American Desert," as the Great Plains were then known. The Lewis and Clark Expedition had a direct influence on the economy of the West even before the explorers had returned to St. Louis. Private John Colter left the expedition on the way home in 1806 to take up the fur trade business. For the next 20 years the likes of Manuel Lisa, Auguste and Pierre Choteau, William Ashley, James Bridger, Kit Carson, Tom Fitzgerald, and William Sublette roamed the West. These part romantic adventurers, part self-made entrepreneurs, part hermits were called mountain men. By 1829, Jedediah Smith knew more about the West than any other person alive. The Americans became involved in the fur trade in 1810 when John Jacob Astor, at the insistence of his friend Thomas Jefferson, founded the Pacific Fur Company in New York.
    [Show full text]
  • John Mcloughlin
    Fort Vancouver Emigrant Trails Hall of Fame Oregon-California Trails Association John McLoughlin The Pacific Northwest was in turmoil in the 1840s. The Hudson's Bay Company claimed the entire area. They built Fort Vancouver on the Biography banks of the Columbia River, run by Chief Factor Dr. John McLoughlin. Anti-British feelings in the United States were best described by the Born: Jean-Baptiste McLoughlin, 1784, term Manifest Destiny, describing the belief that the United States Riviere-du-Loup, Quebec was destined to expand from coast to coast. American pioneer settlers arrived on the Oregon Trail. The earliest pioneers landed at Fort Van- Died: 1857, Oregon City, Oregon Territory couver. McLoughlin had been told by his superiors that under no cir- Married: Marguerite Wadin McKay cumstances was he to give them aid or comfort. When these early pioneers arrived at Vancouver, they were exhaust- ed. McLoughlin could not knowingly cause them harm. Instead, he provided them with supplies, on his personal credit, from the fort's Achievements warehouses. Numerous Oregon Trail diaries say McLoughlin saved the lives of many Father of Oregon American pioneers, even though it was against his company's orders. Chief Factor, Fort Vancouver, WA Under pressure from the company, McLoughlin made the decision to retire and build in Oregon City. He built the largest house in Oregon Aided emigrants to Oregon Territory City. His house became the social center of the area. before boundary was settled In 1948 the McLoughlin House was named a National Historic Site. In Licensed to practice medicine in 1803 1953, a statue of McLoughlin was placed in United States Capitol Stat- uary Hall.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Treaty (1846) Name
    Oregon Treaty (1846) Name: The Coast-to-Coast Decade From the earliest days, some Americans dreamed that one day the United States would stretch across North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. In the 1840s, that dream finally came true—starting with “Oregon Country.” This northwest section of the continent was a beautiful and valuable resource, covered by forests and laced with waterways and coastlines. There was money to be made in fishing and shipping, harvesting timber and fur animals, and mining for gold. It was no surprise that the United States wasn’t the only country with a claim to the land. War With Great Britain… Again?? Yep, it was another dispute with America’s former mother country. Back then, Great Britain controlled the territory we know today as Canada. Oregon Country stretched from the border between modern-day Oregon and California all the way up into British territory. Both Britain and America wanted this land, and they’d been arguing over it for a while. But the 1840s was a time when Americans got a passion for expanding. James Polk shared that passion—and he won the 1844 presidential election promising to add Oregon to the United States. He let the British believe America would go to war to control all of Oregon Country. What a Clever Guy President Polk was bluffing. By that time, the U.S. and Britain had already agreed that America’s northern border would run along the 49th parallel. (That’s where it is today.) The only section left undecided was the part that ran through Oregon Country.
    [Show full text]
  • A British-American Dispute Involved Oregon, a Big Territory on the Pacific Coast That Stretched As Far North As Alaskan Border
    BOUNDARY DISPUTE IN OREGON - A British-American dispute involved Oregon, a big territory on the Pacific Coast that stretched as far north as Alaskan border. - At one time, this territory was claimed by four different nations: Spain, Russia, Great Britain, & the U.S. Spain gave up its claim to Oregon in a treaty with the U.S. with the ____________________________ Treaty of 1819. - Britain based its claim on the Hudson Fur Company's profitable fur trade with the Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest. - By 1846, however, there were fewer than ______________ British people living north of the Columbia River. - The United States based its claim to Oregon on the following: (1) The discovery of the Columbia River by Captain Robert Gray in 1792 (2) The overland expedition to the Pacific Coast by Meriwether ____________ and William ___________ in 1805 (3) The fur trading post and fort in Astoria, Oregon, established by John Jacob Astor in 1811. - Protestant missionaries and farmers from the United States settled the Willamette Valley in the ______________ - Their success in farming this fertile valley caused _____________ Americans to catch "Oregon fever" and travel 2,000 miles over the Oregon Trail to settle in the area south of the Columbia River. - By the time of the election of 1844, many Americans believed it to be their country's_____________________ to take undisputed possession of all of Oregon and to annex the Republic of Texas as well. - In addition, expansionists hoped to persuade Mexico to give up its province on the West Coast-the huge land of California.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon City by Val Ballestrem Oregon City Was the First Incorporated City West of the Rocky Mountains and a Main Terminus of the Oregon Trail
    Oregon City By Val Ballestrem Oregon City was the first incorporated city west of the Rocky Mountains and a main terminus of the Oregon Trail. Its historic center is along the east bank of the Willamette River, at the base of Willamette Falls. Oregon City is the seat of Clackamas County government and is known for its one-of-a-kind municipal elevator, the McLoughlin House, early hydroelectric power, and its pulp and paper and woolen mills. For thousands of years, the area below Willamette Falls was home to the Clackamas Indians and was an important gathering place and fishing center. Salmon, steelhead, and lamprey in the river attracted Native fishers, including the Multnomah, Wasco, Tualatin, and Molala, who traded with the Clackamas for fish and fishing rights. White fur trappers first explored the area near Willamette Falls in 1811. After the British-Canadian Hudson’s Bay Company in 1824 established Fort Vancouver, about twenty-five miles to the north on the Columbia River, Chief Factor John McLoughlin showed interest in land at the base of the falls. In 1829, he claimed two square miles at the site and built three houses and a millrace, establishing the first permanent white settlement in the Willamette Valley. McLoughlin encouraged white traders, missionaries, and emigrants to settle in the valley, and some set up residence at Willamette Falls, strengthening the American presence there. He platted the town of Willamette Falls in 1842, and Oregon’s Provisional Government incorporated it as Oregon City two years later. The early town was built on a strip of land between Willamette Falls and Abernethy Creek to the north, the Willamette River to the west, and Singer Hill Bluff, rising one hundred feet or more, to the east.
    [Show full text]
  • The Old Oregon Trail As Told by the Trailers” Compiled by W
    The following is reproduced from “The Old Oregon Trail as told by the Trailers” compiled by W. W. Stevens, published in The Baker Morning Democrat from Oct. 1912 through April 1913. This copy is made from a typewritten draft corrected in ink which is stored in the Oregon Room of Baker County Library. Spelling, capitalization and punctuation of the original have been maintained, except in the case of a clear typographical error. In case of an editorial word choice, the editor selected the inked, handwritten correction. Following the text, the editor has also provided an index of historic people, events and places. The Old Oregon Trail as told by the Trailers While it is yet possible to get from first mouth some of the reliable history of the old Oregon Trail, the dangers encountered and the hardships endured by the early emigrants and adventurers that passed through and settled up this country, the writer hereof has recently interviewed several of the oldest citizens with the object in view of gleaning, collecting and preserving such reminiscences as seem to be of historical importance and perhaps of interest to those who are to come after us. After the long and hazardous journey made by Hunt, Crooks & Co., across the continent in 1811-12 in the interests of John Jacob Astor, there were few excursions made through all these western wilds or deserts, as they were then termed, except by occasional hunters and trappers until about the year 1842, then the fame of the great Oregon country began to spread through the east or what was then the western borderland of civilization.
    [Show full text]
  • Meek's Cutoff
    Miranda Revue pluridisciplinaire du monde anglophone / Multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal on the English- speaking world 18 | 2019 Guerre en poésie, poésie en guerre Neo Frontier Cinema: Rewriting the Frontier Narrative from the Margins in Meek’s Cutoff (Kelly Reichardt, 2010), Songs My Brother Taught Me (Chloe Zhao, 2015) and The Rider (Chloe Zhao, 2017) Hervé Mayer Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/miranda/16672 DOI: 10.4000/miranda.16672 ISSN: 2108-6559 Publisher Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès Electronic reference Hervé Mayer, “Neo Frontier Cinema: Rewriting the Frontier Narrative from the Margins in Meek’s Cutoff (Kelly Reichardt, 2010), Songs My Brother Taught Me (Chloe Zhao, 2015) and The Rider (Chloe Zhao, 2017)”, Miranda [Online], 18 | 2019, Online since 16 April 2019, connection on 16 February 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/miranda/16672 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/miranda.16672 This text was automatically generated on 16 February 2021. Miranda is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Neo Frontier Cinema: Rewriting the Frontier Narrative from the Margins in Mee... 1 Neo Frontier Cinema: Rewriting the Frontier Narrative from the Margins in Meek’s Cutoff (Kelly Reichardt, 2010), Songs My Brother Taught Me (Chloe Zhao, 2015) and The Rider (Chloe Zhao, 2017) Hervé Mayer 1 The myth of the American frontier has provided the United States with a national mythology since the late 19th century, and has been explored most directly on screen in the genre of the Western.1 According to this mythology, the frontier is a cultural metaphor designating the meeting point between civilized territories and the savage wilderness beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Trail and the Wild West
    OREGON TRAIL AND THE WILD WEST MISSOURI – KANSAS – NEBRASKA – WYOMING – IDAHO – WASHINGTON – OREGON OREGON TRAIL AND THE WILD WEST WALLA WALLA OREGON CITY YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK BOISE POCATELLO CASPER SCOTTSBLUFF ROCK SPRINGS OMAHA NORTH Independence, Missouri to Omaha, Nebraska 3 hours/195 miles PLATTE Omaha, Nebraska to North Platte, Nebraska 4 hours/280 miles INDEPENDENCE North Platte, Nebraska to Scottsbluff, Nebraska 3 hours/178 miles Scottsbluff, Nebraska to Casper, Wyoming 2 hours and 45 minutes/176 miles Casper, Wyoming to Rock Springs, Wyoming 3 hours and 30 minutes/224 miles Rock Springs, Wyoming to Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming/Montana/Idaho 5 hours and 30 minutes/303 miles Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming/Montana/Idaho to Pocatello, Idaho 2 hours and 45 minutes/159 miles Pocatello, Idaho to Boise, Idaho 3 hours and 30 minutes/234 miles Boise, Idaho to Fort Walla Walla, Washington 4 hours/252 miles Walla Walla, Washington to Oregon City, Oregon 4 hours/252 miles INDEPENDENCE, MISSOURI AND KANSAS CITY, KANSAS Day 1 Founded in 1827, Independence was the westernmost point that steamboats could navigate, becoming the most popular starting point for those making the westward journey along the Oregon Trail. A few miles from downtown Kansas City, Independence Square was the official beginning of the trail. Today, you can ride through the historic district in an authentic covered wagon following the original tracks, or swales, made by early settlers. Before departing on the trail, delve into its history at the National Frontier Trails Museum. Another fun stop is the Jackson County jail, now the 1858 Jail Museum, on Main Street; it once held Frank James, brother of the notorious outlaw Jesse James.
    [Show full text]