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OPILIONIDS (PHALANGIDA) OF THE FAMILY PHALANGODIDAE FROM MEXICAN CAVES

By Clarence J. and Marie L. Goodnight

Department of Biology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001

The opilionids reported upon in this study Karas Goodnight and Goodnight, 1951, were collected over a period of years by Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1491, p. 3. Good- Mr. James Reddell and Dr. Robert Mitchell night and Goodnight, 1953, Amer. Mus. No- and their associates in the many caves which vitates, no. 1610, p. 21. they studied. Many of their general observa- Members of the family Phalangodidae with tions have been recorded in the publications a common eye tubercle, with five dorsal areas of the Association for Mexican Cave Studies. on the abdominal scute, the first area without Due to the generosity and hard work of a median line. Lateral margins of dorsal scute these cave explorers, we were privileged to with enlarged tubercles in the region of the study the opilionids which they have first or second dorsal areas; similar tubercles In this paper, we have described only the mem- mayor may not be present at the Iateral- bers of the family Phalangodidae wh ich were posterior borders of the fifth area and free collected. It is only in this family, at least in tergites. Dorsal scute and free tergites without Mexico, that true cave-adapted forms are conspicuous median armature, but at times found. Members of the family Cosmetidae with tubercles. Eye tubercle removed from were also collected, and they shall be con- the anterior margin of the cephalothorax; it sidered in another paper. mayor may not have spines above the eyes, The holotypes of new are deposited and is at times very low. in the collections of the American Legs without conspicuous spines or tuber- Museum of Natural History in New York City. cles, tarsi of third and fourth legs without Paratypes are deposited in the collections of '>copulae, and with simple untoothed double the American Museum and in the collections claws; distitarsus of tarsus of first leg with of the Department of Biology of Texas Tech two segments, distitarsus of tarsus of second University, Lubbock, Texas. leg with three segments. Tarsus of first leg with four segments, remaining tarsi somewhat vari- SUBORDER THORELL able in number of segments. The metatarsi of PHALANGODIDAE SIMON the legs are not divided into astragali and PHALANGODINAE ROEWER calcanea. The maxillary lobe of each second coxa without a ventral projection. KAROS GOODNIGHT AND GOODNIGHT Palpus normal in size, armed with spines;

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chelicera normal. on the third and fourth areas. Each free ter- Secondary sexual characteristics of males not gite with a raw of tubercles; a projection on conspicuous, but may be present in the form the lateral margins of each free tergite. Anal of enlarged portions of various segments of the operculum covered with small tubercles. Spira- legs or in the shape of the fourth femora. cles partially hidden by fourth coxae. Coxae Genotype. Karas barbarikos, Goodnight covered with granulations; a row of small and Goodnight, 1951, from Chapulhuadm, teeth on anterior and posterior margins of each Hidalgo, May 10, 1942. of the third coxae. Maxillary lobe of each For this present study of Karas, specimens second coxa without a downward pointing were studied from many different localities. spine. After careful consideration, we decided that All segments of the legs except the metatarsi species within the are difficult to define, and tarsi covered with tubercles. Tarsal seg- and may represent a single species with many ments: 4-8-6-6. Distitarsus of tarsus of first variations; but because of the geographical iso- leg with two segments, second with three. lation of the individual populations, it ap- Palpus: trochanter, 0.5 mm long; femur, peared best to recognize these rather striking 1.2; patella, 0.8; tibia, 0.8; and tarsus, 0.7. variations as individual species. To delineate Total length, 4.0 mm. Palpus armed retro- the species, we have used such characteristics laterally as in figure. Femur and patella with as the nature of the eye tubercle, general size two apical median spines. relationships, number of tarsal segments, gen- Chelicera normal, a slight dorsal elevation eral appearance of the dorsum as well as the on the proximal segment, a few small spines presence or lack of lateral tubercles. We feel on this elevation. that a study of the descriptions and the draw- Color of dorsum light reddish brown; ap- ings will affirm our decision to consider these pendages yellowish. distinctive species at this time. Male. Not available. Type locality. Female holotype and Karas depressus, new species female paratype from Cueva de Llano de Figures 4-5 Conejo, Xilitla, San Luis PotosI, April 3, 1969. Collected by T. R. Evans. Female holotype. Total length of body, 3.6 mm. Cephalothorax, 1.2 mm. Width Karos gratiosus, new species of body at widest portion, 2.5 mm. Figures 10 -13

II III IV Male holotype. Total length of body, Trochanter 3.6mm 0.5mm 0.6mm 0.6mm 2.2 mm. Cephalothorax, 0.6 mm. Width of body Femur 1.8 2.6 2.6 3.1 at widest portion, 1.8 mm. Patella 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.9 Tibia 1.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 Metatarsus 1.4 2.2 2.2 3.0 \I III IV Tarsus 1.2 2.2 2.2 1.4 Trochanter 0.2mm 0.2mm 0.3mm 0.2mm Femur 1.1 Total 10.0mm 11.1mm 11.2mm 11.4mm 1.6 1.4 1.8 Patella 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 Tibia Cepthalothorax smooth. Eye tubercle very 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.4 low, almost lacking, widely separated from Metatarsus 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 Tarsus anterior margin. Dorsal scute with five poorly 0.9 1.8 1.0 1.1 defined areas. First area without a median Total 4.5mm 6.6mm 5.8mm 6.6mm line, dorsum smooth. Scute shaped as in figure with lateral projections in the region of the Cephalothorax covered with fine granula- second and fifth areas. A small median spine tions. Eye tubercle rounded, low, clearly re-

34 !"#$%&'(()*+,%-%.)/0+,* moved from anterior margin of cephalothorax. Karos parvus, new species Abdomen with five poorly defined areas. First Figures 8-9 area without a median line. A row of tuber- cles across each area. These are larger and MALE HOLOTYPE. Total length of body, spinose on the third and fourth areas. Lateral 3.2 mm. Cephalothorax, 0.8 mm. Width of projections on either side in the region between body at widest portion, 1.8 mm. the first and second areas and on the fifth area. Each free tergite with a row of hair-tipped II III IV tubercles, enlarged into a projection at the Trochanter 0.3mm 0.3mm OAmm OAmm lateral margin of each tergite. Anal operculum Femur 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.9 with small tubercles in rows. Each free sternite Patella 004 0.7 0.5 0.7 with a row of tubercles. First free sternite with Tibia 1.3 104 1.1 104 a pair of lateral projections near the distal end Metatarsus 0.8 1.8 1.3 2.1 of the fourth coxae. Spiracles hidden by fourth Tarsus 0.7 1.7 0.7 0.7 coxae. Coxae thickly covered with tubercles. Maxillary lobe of each second coxae without Total 4Amm 7.6mm 5.3mm 7.2mm a downward pointing spine. All segments of the legs except metatarsi Cephalothorax smooth. Eye tubercle low, and tarsi covered with small tubercles. Fourth removed from anterior margin; a tubercle over femora curved; second femora with slightly each eye. Abdomen with five areas, the first swollen bases. Tarsal segments: 4-6-6-6. Dis- without a median line; all areas tuberculate. titarsus of tarsus of first leg with two segments, A lateral projection on either side of the abdo- second with three. men in the region of the first area. Each free Pal pus: trochanter, 0.3 mm long, femur, tergite with a row of tubercles. Anal opercu- 0.8; patella, 0.6; tibia, 0.6; and tarsus, 0.6. lum thickly covered with tubercles. Each free Total length, 2.9 mm. Palpus armed retrolater- sternite with a row of small tubercles. Spiracles ally as in figure, femur and patella with a me- partially hidden by the fourth coxae. All coxae dian apical spine. with tubercles which are heaviest on the fourth Chelicera normal, not enlarged. coxae. Maxillary lobe of each second coxa Color light reddish brown; appendages yel- without a downward pointing spine. lowish. Proximal segments of the legs tuberculate; Female. Total length of body, 3.5 mm. metatarsi and tarsi covered with hair. Tarsal Cephalothorax, 0.8 mm. Width of body at segments: 4-7-6-6. Distitarsus of tarsus of first widest portion, 2.6 mm. Similar in appearance leg with two segments, second with three. to male but lacking enlarged second femora. Palpus: trochanter, 0.3 mm long; femur, Type locality. Male holotype from 0.7; patella, 0.5; tibia, 0.5; and tarsus, 004. Cueva de Poca Ventana, 1 km W of Xilitla, Total length, 2.3 mm. Femur with a median San Luis Potos:, January, 1968. Collected by apical spine; tibia and tarsus with a row of T. Raines. Female paratype from Milliped spines on either side. Cave, 8 km W of Huautla, Oaxaca, June, 1965. Chelicera normal, not enlarged. Collected by W. Russell. Female paratype with Dorsum dark reddish brown with dusky reduced eyes from Cueva del Ahuate #2, mottlings; appendages lighter. Xilitla, San Luis POtOS'I, June 8, 1964. Collected Female. Total length of body, 204 mm. by J. Reddell and D. McKenzie. Male para- Cephalothorax, 0.7 mm. Width of body at type from Cueva Arriba de Agua Buena, Agua widest portion, 1.9 mm. Similar in appearance Buena, San Lu is POtOSI, August 6, 1966. Col- to male. lected by J. Reddell. Type locality. Male holotype from Cueva de EI Pachon, 7% km NE of Antiguo Morelos, Tamaulipas, June 6, 1967. Collected by J. Reddell. Immature form from S6tano

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Puerto de los Lobos, San Francisco, San Luis and with lateral spine at its distal end. Maxil- Potos'" September 14, 1968. Collected by W. lary lobe of each second coxa without a down- Elliott. Male paratype from Grutas de Quin- ward pointing spine. tero, 13 km SW of Mante, Tamaulipas, Novem- Legs covered with hair and small tubercles ber, 1968. Collected by R. Harmon. One male which are larger on the proximal segments of and two female paratypes from Cueva de the fourth leg. Tarsal segments: 4-9-6-6. Disti- L1anura, 3 km Wof Micos, 28 km NW of Valles, tarsus of tarsus of first leg with two segments, San Luis PotOSI, July 31, 1970. Collected by second with three. W. Russell and D. McKenzie. Palpus: trochanter, 0.3 mm long; femur, 0.7; patella, 0.4; tibia, 0.5; and tarsus, 0.5. Karos projectus, new species Total length, 2.4 mm. Palpus armed as in fig- Figures 1-3 ure; femur and patella with median lateral spine. Tibia and tarsus each with four spines Male holotype. Total length of body, on either side. 4.5 mm. Cephalothorax, 1.1 mm. Width of Chel icera normal. body at widest portion, 2.7 mm. Color of dorsum reddish brown. Female. Not available. II III IV Type locality. Cueva de Poca Ventana, Trochanter 0.2mm O.3mm O.4mm O.4mm 1.5 km W of Xilitla, San Luis POtOSI, Mexico, Femur 1.1 1.8 1.3 2.0 January, 1968. Collected by 1. Raines. Patella 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.8 Tibia 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.8 Karos rugosus, new species Metatarsus 1.2 1.7 1.4 2.0 Figures 6-7 Tarsus 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.8 Male holotype. Total length of body, Total 4.4mm 7.2mm 5.5mm 7.8mm 3.0 mm. Cephalothorax, 0.7 mm. Width of body at widest portion, 2.0 mm. Cephalothorax smooth except for a few low tubercles; a pair of small spines on the cephal- II III IV othorax behind the eye tubercle. Eye tubercle Trochanter 0.2mm 0.2mm 0.3mm 0.2mm rounded, well removed from anterior margin Femur 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.4 of the cephalothorax, with a small spine over Patella 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 each eye. Abdomen with five areas, first area Tibia 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 without a median line, boundaries of areas Metatarsus 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.9 indistinct. Dorsum covered with low tubercles Tarsus 0.8 1.6 1.0 1.0 and with a prominent lateral projection on either side in the region of the first and second Total 4.2mm 6.5mm 5.2mm 6.5mm areas. Each free tergite with a row of hair- tipped tubercles. Anal operculum with Cephalothorax covered with fine granula- scattered hair-tipped tubercles. Each free ster- tions. Eye tubercle small, rounded, removed nite with a row of hair-tipped tubercles. from the anterior margin of the cephalothorax. Spiracles hidden by fourth coxae. All coxae Abdomen with five distinct areas; first area covered with tubercles; fourth coxa enlarged without a median line. Entire dorsum covered

Figs. 1-3. Karas projectus, new species. 1. Lateral view of male holotype; 2." Prolateral view of trochanter and base of femur of fourth leg of male holotype; 3. Dorsal view of male holotype. Figs. 4-5. Karas depressus, new species. 4. Dorsal view of female holotype; 5. Lateral view of female holotype. Figs. 6-7. Karas rugosus, new species. 6 Dorsal view of male holotype; 7. Lateral view of male holotype. Figs. 8-9. Karas parvus, new species. 8. Lateral view of male holotype; 9. Dorsal view of male holotype.

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with hair-tipped tubercles. Dorsal scute shaped no. 1211, p. 1; 1945, Amer. Mus. Novitates, as in figure with a prominent lateral projec- no. 1281, p. 3; 1953, Amer. Mus. Novitates, tion in the region of the first area. Each free no. 1610, p. 20; 1967, Amer. Mus. Novitates, tergite with a row of hair-tipped tubercles. no. 2301, p. 1. Anal operculum thickly covered with tubercles. Phalangodids with a common eye tubercle Each free sternite with a row of tubercles. which is usually slightly removed from the an- Spiracles hidden by fourth coxae. Coxae thick- terior margin of the cephalothorax, variously ly covered by hair-tipped tubercles. Maxillary armed above. Abdominal scute with five areas, lobe of each second coxa without a down- the first without a median line. Tarsi of third ward pointing spine. and fourth legs with untoothed double claws. All legs with trochanters, femora and tibiae Femur of first leg normal, not unusually elon- covered with tubercles; third and fourth gate or heavily spined. Tarsus of first leg with femora curved. Tarsal segments: 4-7-6-6. Dis- five or more segments. Distitarsus of first tar- titarsus of tarsus of first leg with two segments, sus with two segments, second with three. second with three. Metatarsi not divided into astragali and cal- Palpus: trochanter, 0.3 mm long; femur, canea. Maxillary lobe of second coxa much re- 0.7; patella, 0.6; tibia, 0.6; and tarsus, 0.5. duced, without any ventral projection. Robust Total length, 2.7 mm. Palpus armed laterally with long heavy legs and with the as in figure. Femur and patella each with a spiracle widely expanded. Secondary sexual median apical spine. characteristics of the male variable. Chel icera sl ightly en larged. Genotype. Hop/obunus barretti, Banks, Color of dorsum dark reddish brown; distal from Cuernavaca, Morelos. portion of legs lighter. Female. Total length of body, 2.7 mm. Hop/obunus boneti Cephalothorax, 0.8 mm. Width of body at (Goodnight and Goodnight) widest portion, 2.2 mm. Similar to male but Figures 18-19 with the chelicera and third and fourth femora of legs reduced in size. Serrobunus boneti Goodnight and Good- Type locality. Cueva de Ojo de Agua night, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1211, de Tlilapan, Tlilapan, Veracruz, August 4, p. 2, figs. 7-11. 1967. Collected by J. Reddell, J. Fish, and Male. Total length of body, 4.9 mm. T. R. Evans. Cephalothorax, 1.5 mm. Width of body at widest portion, 2.6 mm.

HOPLOBUNUS BAN KS II III IV Trochanter 0.5mm 0.6mm 1.6mm 0.7mm Hop/obunus Banks, 1900, Jour. New York Femur 3.8 7.3 5.2 10.7 Ent. Soc., vol. 8, p. 200. Cambridge, 1904, Patella 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 Biologia Central i-Americana, , vol. 2, Tibia 3.2 6.4 4.7 4.5 p. 585. Roewer, 1912, Natrugesch., Metatarsus 5.6 8.0 6.4 9.4 vol. 78, sect. A, no. 3, p. 149; 1923, Die Tarsus 2.8 9.0 2.8 4.0 Weberknechte der Erde, p. 112. Goodnight and Goodnight, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novitates, Total 16.9mm 32.3 mm21.9mm 30.4mm

Figs. 10-13. Karas gratiosus, new species. 10. Lateral view of male holotype; 11. Ventral view of fourth coxa and first and second free sternites of male holotype; 12. Prolateral view of tibia of second femur of male holotype; 13. Dorsal view of male holotype. Figs. 14-16. Pellobunus mexicanus, new species. 14. Dorsal view of male holotype; 15. Prolateral view of fourth femur of male holotype. 16. Lateral view of male holotype. Fig. 17. Hoplobunus inops, new species, lateral view of male holotype.

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13

14

15

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Cephalothorax with small tubercles. Eye Luis PotosI, July 6, 1969 (one female from tubercle tuberculate, with a prominent spine 650 feet below surface), collected by W. Elli- at the apex; located on the anterior margin of ot; Satano de Matapalma, 20% km N of the cephalothorax. Abdomen with five areas, Valles, San Luis Potosi, May 29, 1969 (one first area without a median line. A row of immature specimen), collected by R.W. Mitch- hair-tipped spines across each area; a lateral ell, F.E. Abernathy, and T. Albert. Cueva de row of tubercles along each side of dorsum. Valdosa, 10% km SE of Valles, San Luis Poto- Each free tergite with a row of tubercles. Anal si, November 24, 1967 (one male), collected operculum covered with tubercles. Each free by J. Reddell and S. Fowler. Satano del Tigre, sternite with a row of tubercles. Spiracles 14 km NE of Valles, San Luis Potosi, Novem- visible. First, second, and third coxae covered ber 24, 1967 (one male, three females), col- with tubercles; fourth coxae covered with lected by J. Fish and Jane Reddell; February 1, tubercles and with a pair of spines at the distal 1968 (two males, one female), collected by J. portion. Maxillary lobe of each second coxa Reddell and R. Mitchell. Satano de la Tinaja, without a downward pointing spine. 10% km NE of Valles, San Luis PotosI, Jan- Except for metatarsi and tarsi, all segments uary 28, 1969 (one female), collected by J. of legs with rows of spines which are especial- Reddell, T. Mollhagen, T. Albert, and R. ly prominent on fourth leg. Tarsal segments: Smith; September 1, 1966 (one female), col- 6 or 7-20-7-8. Distitarsus of tarsus of first leg lected by R.Mitchell; November 30,1968 (one with two segments, second with three. male, four females), collected by G. Ediger; Palpus: trochanter, 0.6 mm long; femur, March 13, 1969 (two males, two females), col- 1.9; patella, 1.0; tibia, 1.2; and tarsus, 1.3. lected by R. Mitchell. Satano de Pichijumo, Total length, 6.0 mm. Femur with median api- 8 km NE of Valles. San Luis PotosI, June 1, cal spine; retrolateral surface armed as in 1968 (one female, one male, one immature), figure. collected by J. Reddell; June 1, 1968 (one Chelicerae of male greatly enlarged. female) collected by F. Abernathy; June 26, General coloration of dorsum is reddish 1969 (two females) collected by J. Reddell, brown; the color tends to be lighter in some T. Mollhagen, T. Albert, and R. Smith. Cueva forms. Pinta, 14 km NE of Valles, San Luis Potosi, Female. Total length of body, 7.0 mm. January 31, 1969 (two females), collected by Cephalothorax, 2.0 mm. Width of body at W. Russell. Satano de EI Venadito, 16% km widest portion, 4.0 mm. Similar in appearance SE of Antiguo Morelos, Tamaulipas, January to male, but lacking the enlarged chelicerae 29, 1969 (one male, two females), collected and heavy spination of the legs. by J. Reddell. Satano de Yerbanlz, 21 km N Relationships. Some specimens of this of Valles. San Luis PotosI, January 9, 1970 species showed a greater degree of adaptation (one female, one immature), collected by W. to the cave environment than did others. In Elliott and S. Wiley; February 17,1970 (one such specimens the color was much lighter, male, one female, five immature), collected by and the eyes were totally without a retina. R. Mitchell. La Cueva de la Curva, 9 km E of Records. Cueva de Los Sabinos, 12% km Valles, San Luis PotosI, May 31, 1969 (one NE of Valles, San Luis Potos;, April 3, 1942 immature), collected by R. Mitchell. (male holotype and female paratype), col- lected by C. Bolivar, F. Bonet, B. Osorio, and D. Pelaez; January 27, 1969 (three males, two females), collected by J. Reddell, T. Moll- Hoplobunus inops, new species hagen, T. Albert, and R. Smith. EI Sotano de Figure 17 Yerbaniz, 22.5 kilometers north of Cuidad Valles, San Luis Potosi, January 7,1970 (one Male holotype. Total length of body, female, one male), collected by S. Wiley. 4.3 mm. Cephalothorax, 0.9 mm. Width of Satano de Soyate, 14 km NE of Valles, San body at widest portion, 3.3 mm.

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II III IV Naturgesch, vol. 81, sect. A, no. 3, p. 21; 1923, Die Weberknechte der Erde, p. 114. Trochanter 0.5mm 0.5mm 0.6mm 0.6mm Female. Total length of body, 10.5 mm. Femur 4.5 9.0 6.0 8.6 Cephalothorax, 3.3 mm long. Width of body Patella 0.9 8.7 1.2 1.5 at widest portion, 6.7 mm. Tibia 3.9 7.8 4.6 5.5 Metatarsus 5.4 7.1 6.6 8.9 Tarsus 3.0 9.8 3.5 4.8 II III IV Total 18.2 mm42.9mm 22.5mm 29.9mm Trochanter 1.1 mm 1.3mm 2.2mm 2.7mm Cephalothorax smooth without tubercles Femur 6.2 10.2 7.8 10.9 with a slight elevation posterior to the eye. Patella 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.9 Eye tubercle small rounded, on anterior mar- Tibia 4.6 8.5 5.8 7.7 gin without eyes. Dorsum with five areas, Metatarsus 7.7 13.0 10.1 13.6 smooth; first area without a median line; Tarsus 2.9 7.2 4.5 5.4 boundaries of areas indistinct. Free tergites, Total 24.4mm 42.7mm 33.1 mm 43.2mm anal operculum and free sternites all smooth. Spiracles visible. First coxae with a ventral row Cephalothorax with scattered tu bercles. Eye of spines. Maxillary lobe of each second coxa tubercle on anterior margin, with a prominent without a downward pointing spine. dorsal spine, and scattered small tubercles. Legs smooth, with scattered hairs. Tarsal Abdomen with five areas, first area without a segments long, numbering: 8-15-8-8. Distitar- median line; scute with a few small tubercles, sus of tarsus of first leg with two segments, a lateral row of tubercles on each side, a pro- second with three. minent pair of spines on the third area. Free Palpus: trochanter, 0.6 mm long; femur, tergites smooth, except for scattered hairs. 1. 7; patella, 1.1; tibia, 1.2; and tarsus, 1.2. Anal operculum with scattered hairs and Total length, 5.8 mm. Retrolaterally, palpus small tubercles. Each free sternite with a row armed with hair-tipped spines as in illustration; of small tubercles and hairs. Spiracles large, prolaterally, femur and patella each with a visible. Coxae with scattered fine tubercles median apical spine. and hairs, a row of larger tubercles on the first Chelicera normal in size, not enlarged. coxae; each third coxa with an anterior and Color of dorsum yellowish. posterior row of teeth. Maxillary lobe of each Female. Nearly identical in size and ap- second coxa without a median spine. pearance with male. Femora of legs with tubercles, much larger Type locality. Male holotype from on the third and fourth femora; remainder of Satano de la Joya de Salas, 21 km NW of legs with scattered hairs. Tarsal segments: 6-13- Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas, November 25, 7-7. Distitarsus of tarsus of first leg with two 1966. Collected by O. Knox and E. Alexan- segments, second with three. der. Two female paratypes from Cueva de la Palpus: trochanter, 1.6 mm long; femur, Mina,7 km NW of Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas, 4.3; patella, 2.1; tibia, 2.6; and tarsus, 2.5. August 17, 1968. Collected by R. W. Mitchell. Total length, 13.1 mm. Trochanter with pro- Relationships. The light color, lack of minent ventral spine. Femur with five or six eyes, and general adaptation to a cave life dis- prominent ventral spines, the proximal one tinguish this species from other members of the largest; patella with ventral spine. Tibia the genus. ventrally with five spines on either side. Palpus with two spines on either side. Chelicera enlarged, distal segment much Hop/obunus mexicanus (Roewer) enlarged. Figure 20 Color of dorsum reddish brown; appendages except for femur and legs lighter in color. Haehne/ia mexicana Roewer, 1915, Arch. Records. Cueva de la Capilla, 13Y2 km

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NWof Gamez Farias, Tamaulipas, January 28, distal row of spines. Third trochanter some- 1968 (two females), collected by J. Reddell, what enlarged. Tarsal segments: 8-12-7-7. Dis- J. George, F. Rose, and R. Mitchell, Cueva titarsus of tarsus of first leg with two seg- Arriba del Presidente, 1% km N of Huautla, ments, second with three. Oaxaca, August 12, 1967 (one female), collec- Palpus: trochanter, 1.8 mm long; femur, ted by J. Reddell and J. Fish. 6.0; patella, 3.4; tibia, 4.0; and tarsus, 2.7. Total length, 17.9 mm. Pal pus long, armed as in figure. Prolaterally the armature of the Hoplobunus robustus, new species tibia and tarsus resembles the retrolateral side Figure 21 as shown in the figure. Chelicera with proximal segment with a few MALE HOLOTYPE. Total length of body, dorsal tubercles. Distal segment greatly en- 7.7 mm. Cephalothorax, 3.2 mm. Width of larged with a few scattered hairs. body at widest portion, 5.1 mm. Dorsum very dark. Cephalothorax mottled with dark and lighter reddish brown. Abdo- II III IV men very dark brown almost black in some specimens. Free sternites and anal operculum Trochanter 1.3mm 1.4mm 2.2mm 1.9mm very dark. Coxae and appendages lighter red- Femur 8.5 17.0 13.6 18.4 dish brown. Patella 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 Female. Total length of body, 8.8 mm. Tibia 6.0 15.2 8.5 11.4 Cephalothorax, 2.6 mm. Width of body at Metatarsus 12.2 21.0 17.0 22.6 widest portion, 5.6 mm. Similar to male but Tarsus 2.6 8.0 6.0 7.4 with chelicera much reduced. Total 33.1mm 65.8mm 50.5mm 64.9mm Type locality. Male holotype, two male paratypes, female paratypes, and three immatures from Cueva de la Cascada, Tequila, Cephalothorax smooth. Eye tubercle a pro- Veracruz, August 6, 1967. Collected by J. minent cone with a long dorsal spine on the Reddell, J. Fish, and T. R. Evans. anterior margin of the cephalothorax. Abdo- Paratypes from Satano del Relicario, 3 km men with five distinct areas. First area without N of Tequila, Veracruz, August 7, 1967 (two a median line. Third area with a pair of large females, one immature), collected by J. Red- divergent median spines: fourth and fifth areas dell and T. R. Evans. Cueva de Opilionida, with a transverse row of tubercles. Dorsal 1% km N of Tequila, Veracruz, August 5, 1967 scute with a lateral row of tubercles on either (two males, two females), collected by J. side. Each free tergite with a transverse row Reddell and T. Evans. Satano del Sphodrini, of small tubercles. Anal operculum mostly Tequila, Veracruz, August 6,1967 (one male, smooth with only a few small tubercles. Each one female), collected by J. Reddell and T. free sternite with a transverse row of very Evans. Szontecomostoc, 5 km N of Tequila, small tubercles. Spiracles clearly visible. Each Veracruz, August 5, 1967 (one female), col- first coxa with a ventral row of spines; third lected by J. Reddell, J. Fish, and T. Evans. coxae with anterior and posterior rows of Satano de Humo, San Andres, Veracruz, June, teeth. Maxillary lobe of each second coxa 1964 (two females), collected by T. Raines. without a downward pointing spine. Leg segments smooth except for rows of hairs. Third and fourth femora each with a

Figs. 18-19. Hoplobunus boneti (Goodnight and Goodnight) 18. Lateral view of male; 19. Prolateral view of fourth trochanter and femur of male. Fig. 20. Hoplobunus mexicanus (Roewerl. lateral view of male. Fig.21. Hoplobunus robustus, new species, lateral view of male holotype.

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18

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PELLOBUNUS BAN KS tubercles; eyes slightly reduced. Abdomen with five distinct areas, the first without a median Pellobunus Banks, 1905, Proc. Ent. Soc. line. All areas thickly covered with tubercles. Washington, vol. 7, p. 21. Roewer; 1912, Arch. Lateral margin of the scute with a row of tu- Naturgesch., vol. 78, sect. A, no. 3, p. 146 (in bercles. Each free tergite with a row of tuber- part); 1923, Die Weberknechte der Erde, cles. Anal operculum thickly covered with p. 111. Goodnight and Goodnight, 1947, tubercles. Each free sternite with a row of Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1340, p. 20; 1953, tubercles. Spiracles visible but partially hidden Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1610, p. 28. by coxae. Coxae covered with tubercles; pro- Phalangodids with a common eye tubercle, minent row of tubercles on the anterior and usually removed from the anterior margin of posterior marginsof the third coxae. Maxillary the cephalothorax, without a median spine. lobes of second coxae without downward Surface smooth or with small granulations pointing spine. above. Abdominal scute with five areas, first All segments of the legs but the metatarsi without a median line. Tarsi of third and and tarsi covered by tubercles; spinose on fourth legs simple, with untoothed double fourth femora. Tarsal claws of the third and claws. Femur of first leg normal, not elongate fourth legs double, not toothed. Tarsal seg- or heavily spined. Tarsus of first leg with four ments: 5-12-6-6. Distitarsus of tarsus of first segments; distitarsus of first tarsus with two leg with two segments, second with three. segments, second with three. Metatarsi not Pal pus: trochanter, 0.5 mm long; femur, divided into astragali and calcanea. Maxillary 1.5; patella, 0.9; tibia, 1.1; and tarsus, 0.9. lobe of second coxa without a ventral projec- Total length, 4.9mm. Trochanter with a ven- tion. Secondary sexual characteristics of the tral spine; femur and patella, tuberculate; tibia male variable, usually not very evident. and tarsus with three spines on each side. Genotype. Pellobunus insularis Banks, Cehlicera somewhat enlarged. known from Panama. Dorsum light reddish brown. Legs lighter This present description represents the first yellowish. record of this genus in Mexico. Female. Total length of body, 4.8 mm. Cephalothorax, 1.6 mm long. Width of body at widest portion, 1.6 mm. Similar in appear- Pellobunus mexicanus, new species ance to male but without enlarged tubercles Figures 14-16 on fourth femur. Type locality. Male holotype and fe- Male holotype. Total length of body, male paratypes from Grutas del Palmito, 7 5.1 mm. Cephalothorax, 1.6 mm long. Width km SW of Bustamante, Nuevo Leon, October, of body at widest portion, 3.3 mm. 1966. Collected by T. Raines and C. Tracy. Additional paratypes collected at the same II III IV locality on March 18,1967 by R. Remington. Paratypes from Sotano de EI Tigre, 25 km Trochanter 3.0mm 0.8mm 0.8mm 0.8mm SW of Jalpan, Queretaro, July 11, 1967, col- Femur 2.7 4.5 3.4 4.8 lected by J. Fish. Patella 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 Tibia 2.3 2.3 2.7 3.7 Metatarsus 3.6 4.8 4.2 5.3 References Cited Tarsus 1.8 4.9 2.3 2.6 Total 14.3mm 18.2mm 14.2mm 18.3mm Goodnight, Clarence J., and Marie L. Good- night. Cephalothorax thickly covered with tuber- 1942. Phalangida from Mexico. Amer. Mus. cles. Eye tubercle rounded, on the anterior mar- Novitates, no. 1211, pp. 1-18, 32 gin of the cephalothorax, thickly covered with figs.

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1944. More Phalangida from Mexico. Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1249, pp. 1-13, 24 figs. 1945. Additional Phalangida from Mexico. Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1281, pp. 1-17, 22 figs. 1953. The opilionid fauna of Chiapas, Mexico, and adjacent areas (Arach- noidea, Opilionesl. Amer. Mus. No- vitates, no. 1610, pp. 1-81, 63 figs. 1967. Opilionids from Texas caves (Opil- iones, Phalangodidae). Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 2301, pp. 1-8, 5 figs.

Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. 1904. Arachnida-Araneidea and . In Godman, Frederick D., and O. Salvin, Biologia Central i-Americana. London, vol. 2, 610 pp., 54 pis.

Roewer, C. F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde. Jena, G. Fischer, 1116 pp., 1212 figs.

Sorensen, W. 1932. Descriptiones Laniatorum (Arach- nidorum, Opilionum, Subordinisl. K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk, Skr., vol. 9, pp. 199-422, 29 figs.

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