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21H.132 THE ANCIENT WORLD: ROME Image courtesy of Ken and Nyetta on flickr. License CC BY -NC. Will Broadhead Grace Kim Image courtesy of lep.mate. This image is in the public domain. Stephen Brophy Source: Wikimedia Commons. 1 753 BC (April 21) - Foundation of Rome REGAL PERIOD 509 BC – Birth of Republic REPUBLIC 27 BC - Augustus EMPIRE AD 476 – Deposition of Romulus Augustulus 2 © 2003 Ancient World Mapping Center. Released under CC BY -NC 3.0. 3 753 BC (April 21) - Foundation of Rome REGAL PERIOD Image courtesy of Ken and Nyetta on flickr. License CC BY -NC. 4 Rome’s Early Kings • 753-716 Romulus • 716-673 Numa Pompilius • 673-641 Tullus Hostilius • 641-617 Ancus Marcius • 617-578 Tarquinius Priscus • 578-535 Servius Tullius • 535-510 Tarquinius Superbus 5 753 BC (April 21) - Foundation of Rome REGAL PERIOD 509 BC – Birth of Republic REPUBLIC Image courtesy of Frank M. Rafik on flickr. License CC BY --NC SA. ‘Brutus’ 6 753 BC (April 21) - Foundation of Rome REGAL PERIOD 509 BC – Birth of Republic REPUBLIC 27 BC - Augustus EMPIRE 7 509 BC - Foundation of the Republic EARLY REPUBLIC 264 BC – Start of First Punic War MIDDLE REPUBLIC 133 BC – Tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus LATE REPUBLIC 27 BC - Augustus 8 753 BC (April 21) - Foundation of Rome REGAL PERIOD 509 BC – Birth of Republic REPUBLIC 27 BC - Augustus EMPIRE This image is in the public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Augustus of Prima Porta 9 753 BC (April 21) - Foundation of Rome REGAL PERIOD 509 BC – Birth of Republic REPUBLIC 27 BC - Augustus EMPIRE AD 284 – Reforms of Diocletian LATE EMPIRE 10 Image courtesy of G. dallorto. Image by O.Mustafin. This image is in the public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Portrait bust of Diocletian The Tetrarchs in Porphyry Istanbul Arch. Mus. Piazza San Marco, Venice 11 © 2003 Ancient World Mapping Center. Released under CC BY -NC 3.0. 12 753 BC (April 21) - Foundation of Rome REGAL PERIOD 509 BC – Birth of Republic REPUBLIC 27 BC - Augustus EMPIRE AD 284 – Reforms of Diocletian LATE EMPIRE AD 476 – Deposition of Romulus Augustulus 13 MIT OpenCourseWare https://ocw.mit.edu 21H.132 The Ancient World: Rome Spring 2017 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: https://ocw.mit.edu/terms..

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753To 510B.C
KINGDOM OF ROME 753 TO 510 B.C. FOUNDING OF ROME TO EXILE OF TARQUINS ERA SUMMARY – KINGDOM OF ROME The stories surrounding the earliest years of the kingdom of Rome are steeped in legend, but they add much romance and interest to the history of the city that grew to be the capital of the western world. According to legend, the founder of Rome was Romulus, son of Mars and descended from Venus on his mother's side. After a dramatic childhood, during which they were raised by humble shepherds, Romulus and his twin brother Remus discovered they were of royal descent and decided to found a city on the hill on which they spent their youth. In order to attract citizens to come and live in his city, Romulus declared Rome a sanctuary. Men in debt; slaves ill-treated by their masters, criminals on the lam, all were granted citizenship and protected from their enemies. In this manner, Rome grew quickly. Romulus solved the problem of a severe shortage of women by kidnapping maidens from the surrounding villages. This unsurprisingly caused wars with many of Rome's neighbors, most importantly the Sabines. The happy outcome of the War with the Sabines, however, proved to be the joining of the two nations into one. The Sabines were given one of the hills of Rome to settle, and after the rule of Romulus the well-respected Sabine philosopher, Numa Pompilius, became king. Numa's reign was long and prosperous for Rome. The city had already established itself as a warlike TARQUIN AND THE SIBYLLINE BOOKS nation, always ready to defend and expand its territory.
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Kings on Coins: the Appearance of Numa on Augustan Coinage
Kings on Coins: The Appearance of Numa on Augustan Coinage AIMEE TURNER1 iconography, which he began to develop and experiment with in the triumviral period, and continued to utilise into his principate.6 Many In 22 BCE, an as was minted bearing the of the images he employed focus on religious image of Augustus Caesar on the obverse and iconography which promoted Augustus as a 7 Numa Pompilius on the reverse. Discussion of restorer of Roman tradition. In 22 BCE, an this coin in the context of Augustan ideology as was produced that featured the image of has been limited.2 Although one aspect of the Augustus on the obverse and Numa Pompilius, coin’s message relates to the promotion of the second king of Rome, on the reverse. the moneyer’s family, a closer analysis of its Numa was the quasi-legendary second king 8 iconographical and historical context provides of Rome, following Romulus. He is credited important evidence for the early public image with establishing the major religious practices 9 of Augustus, particularly in regard to religion. of the city as well as its first peaceful period. To that end, this paper intends to establish the As one of the earliest coins of the principate, traditional use of kings in Republican coins it offers important evidence for the early and the development of religious iconography public image of Augustus and the direction he in early Augustan coinage. By ascertaining intended to take at that time. His propaganda this framework, the full significance of the as was fluid, changing to meet the demands of the of 22 BCE becomes clearer.
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Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Bernard, Seth G., "Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C." (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 492. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Abstract MEN AT WORK: PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION, LABOR, AND SOCIETY AT MID-REPUBLICAN ROME, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard C. Brian Rose, Supervisor of Dissertation This dissertation investigates how Rome organized and paid for the considerable amount of labor that went into the physical transformation of the Middle Republican city. In particular, it considers the role played by the cost of public construction in the socioeconomic history of the period, here defined as 390 to 168 B.C. During the Middle Republic period, Rome expanded its dominion first over Italy and then over the Mediterranean. As it developed into the political and economic capital of its world, the city itself went through transformative change, recognizable in a great deal of new public infrastructure.
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Cneve Tarchunies Rumach
Classica, Sao Paulo, 718: 101-1 10, 199411995 Cneve Tarchunies Rumach R.ROSS HOLLOWAY Center for Old World Archaeology and Art Brown University RESUMO: O objetivo do Autor neste artigo e realizar um leitura historica das pinturas da Tumba Francois em Vulci, detendo-se naquilo que elas podem elucidar a respeito da sequencia dos reis romanos do seculo VI a.C. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Tumba Francois; realeza romana; uintura mural. The earliest record in Roman history, if by history we mean the union of names with events, is preserved in the paintings of an Etruscan tomb: the Francois Tomb at Vulci. The discovery of the Francois Tomb took place in 1857. The paintings were subsequently removed from the walls and became part of the Torlonia Collection in Villa Albani where they remain to this day. The decoration of the tomb, like much Etruscan funeral art, draws on Greek heroic mythology. It also included a portrait of the owner, Vel Saties, and beside him the figure of a woman named Tanaquil, presumably his wife (this figure has become almost completely illegible). In view of the group of historical personages among the tomb paintings, this name has decided resonance with better known Tanaquil, in Roman tradition the wife of Tarquinius Priscus. The historical scene of the tomb consists of five pairs of figures drawn from Etruscan and Roman history. These begin with the scene (A) Mastarna (Macstma) freeing Caeles Vibenna (Caile Vipinas) from his bonds (fig.l). There follow four scenes in three of which an armed figure dispatches an unarmed man with his sword.
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75 AD NUMA POMPILIUS Legendary, 8Th-7Th Century B.C. Plutarch Translated by John Dryden
75 AD NUMA POMPILIUS Legendary, 8th-7th Century B.C. Plutarch translated by John Dryden Plutarch (46-120) - Greek biographer, historian, and philosopher, sometimes known as the encyclopaedist of antiquity. He is most renowned for his series of character studies, arranged mostly in pairs, known as “Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans” or “Parallel Lives.” Numa Pompilius (75 AD) - A study of the life of Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king. NUMA POMPILIUS THOUGH the pedigrees of noble families of Rome go back in exact form as far as Numa Pompilius, yet there is great diversity amongst historians concerning the time in which he reigned; a certain writer called Clodius, in a book of his entitled Strictures on Chronology, avers that the ancient registers of Rome were lost when the city was sacked by the Gauls, and that those which are now extant were counterfeited, to flatter and serve the humour of some men who wished to have themselves derived from some ancient and noble lineage, though in reality with no claim to it. And though it be commonly reported that Numa was a scholar and a familiar acquaintance of Pythagoras, yet it is again contradicted by others, who affirm that he was acquainted with neither the Greek language nor learning, and that he was a person of that natural talent and ability as of himself to attain to virtue, or else that he found some barbarian instructor superior to Pythagoras. Some affirm, also, that Pythagoras was not contemporary with Numa, but lived at least five generations after him; and that some other Pythagoras, a native of Sparta, who, in the sixteenth Olympiad, in the third year of which Numa became king, won a prize at the Olympic race, might, in his travel through Italy, have gained acquaintance with Numa, and assisted him in the constitution of his kingdom; whence it comes that many Laconian laws and customs appear amongst the Roman institutions.
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Livy's Early History of Rome: the Horatii & Curiatii
Livy’s Early History of Rome: The Horatii & Curiatii (Book 1.24-26) Mary Sarah Schmidt University of Georgia Summer Institute 2016 [1] The Horatii and Curiatii This project is meant to highlight the story of the Horatii and Curiatii in Rome’s early history as told by Livy. It is intended for use with a Latin class that has learned the majority of their Latin grammar and has knowledge of Rome’s history surrounding Julius Caesar, the civil wars, and the rise of Augustus. The Latin text may be used alone or with the English text of preceding chapters in order to introduce and/or review the early history of Rome. This project can be used in many ways. It may be an opportunity to introduce a new Latin author to students or as a supplement to a history unit. The Latin text may be used on its own with an historical introduction provided by the instructor or the students may read and study the events leading up to the battle of the Horatii and Curiatii as told by Livy. Ideally, the students will read the preceding chapters, noting Livy’s intention of highlighting historical figures whose actions merit imitation or avoidance. This will allow students to develop an understanding of what, according to Livy and his contemporaries, constituted a morally good or bad Roman. Upon reaching the story of the Horatii and Curiatii, not only will students gain practice and understanding of Livy’s Latin literary style, but they will also be faced with the morally confusing Horatius.
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L31 Passage Romulus and Titus Tatius (Uncounted King of Rome
L31 Passage Romulus and Titus Tatius (uncounted king of Rome) are gone Numa Pompilius is made the second king Numa known for peace, religion, and law Temple of Janusdoors open during war, closed during peace; during Numa’s reign, doors were closed L32 Passage Tullus Hostilius becomes third king (mega war) Horatii triplets (Roman) vs. Curiatii (Albans) Two of Horatii are killed immediately; Curiatii are all wounded Final remaining Horatius separates Curiatii and kills them by onebyone Horatius’ sister engaged to one of the Curiatii; weeps when she sees his stuff; Horatius, angry that she doesn’t mourn her own brothers, kills her L33 Passage Tullus Hostilius makes a mistake in a religious sacrifice to Jupiter Jupiter gets angry and strikes his house with a lightning bolt, killing Tullus Ancus Marcius becomes fourth king Ancus Marcius is Numa’s grandson Lucumo (later Lucius Tarquinius Priscus) moves from Etruria to Rome to hold public office at the advice/instigation of Tanaquil While moving, eagle takes his cap and puts it back on Lucumo’s head Tanaquil interprets it as a sign of his future greatness throws Iggy Iggs parties, wins favor becomes guardian of the king’s children upon Ancus’ death L34 Passage Lucius Tarquinius Priscus makes himself fifth king Servius Tullius is a slave in the royal household Tanaquil has a dream that Servius’ head catches on fire She interprets as a sign of greatness LTP makes Servius his adopted son hire deadly shepherd ninjas to go into the palace and assassinate
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Famous Men of Rome
FAMOUS MEN OF ROME FAMOUS MEN OF ROME BY JOHN A. HAAREN YESTERDAY’S CLASSICS CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA Cover and arrangement © 2006 Yesterday’s Classics. This edition, first published in 2006 by Yesterday’s Classics, is an unabridged repub- lication of the work originally published by University Publishing Co. in 1904. For a listing of books published by Yesterday’s Classics, please visit www.yesterdaysclassics.com. Yesterday’s Classics is the publishing arm of the Baldwin Project which presents the complete text of dozens of classic books for children at www.mainlesson.com under the editorship of Lisa M. Ripperton and T. A. Roth. ISBN-10: 1-59915-046-8 ISBN-13: 978-1-59915-046-8 Yesterday’s Classics PO Box 3418 Chapel Hill, NC 27515 PREFACE The study of history, like the study of a landscape, should begin with the most conspicuous features. Not until these have been fixed in memory will the lesser features fall into their appropriate places and assume their right proportions. In order to attract and hold the child’s attention, each conspicuous feature of history presented to him should have an individual for its center. The child identifies himself with the personage presented. It is not Romulus or Hercules or Cæsar or Alexander that the child has in mind when he reads, but himself, acting under the prescribed conditions. Prominent educators, appreciating these truths, have long recognized the value of biography as a preparation for the study of history and have given it an important place in their scheme of studies. The former practice in many elementary schools of beginning the detailed study of American history without any previous knowledge of general history limited the pupil’s range of vision, restricted his sympathies, and left him without material for comparisons.
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Constructing Caesar: Julius Caesar’S Caesar and the Creation of the Myth of Caesar in History and Space
CONSTRUCTING CAESAR: JULIUS CAESAR’S CAESAR AND THE CREATION OF THE MYTH OF CAESAR IN HISTORY AND SPACE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bradley G. Potter, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Erik Gunderson, Adviser Professor Fritz Graf ______________________ Professor Ellen O’Gorman Advisor Department of Greek & Latin ABSTRACT Authors since antiquity have constructed the persona of Caesar to satisfy their views of Julius Caesar and his role in Roman history. I contend that Julius Caesar was the first to construct Caesar, and he did so through his commentaries, written in the third person to distance himself from the protagonist of his work, and through his building projects at Rome. Both the war commentaries and the building projects are performative in that they perform “Caesar,” for example the dramatically staged speeches in Bellum Gallicum 7 or the performance platform in front of the temple of Venus Genetrix in the Forum Iulium. Through the performing of Caesar, the texts construct Caesar. My reading aims to distinguish Julius Caesar as author from Caesar the protagonist and persona the texts work to construct. The narrative of Roman camps under siege in Bellum Gallicum 5 constructs Caesar as savior while pointing to problems of Republican oligarchic government, offering Caesar as the solution. Bellum Civile 1 then presents the savior Caesar to the Roman people as the alternative to the very oligarchy that threatens the libertas of the people.
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Livy 1.58 When a Few Days Had Gone By, Sextus Tarquinius, Without Letting Collatinus Know, Took a Single Attendant and Went to Collatia
The Foundations of Rome from Kingship to Republic 753-440 BC Key sources: Source Period Aims and agenda Key problems Views on Rome Dionysius Lived Wrote the Dionysius’ history Overall, (of Halicarnassus*) 60 BC- ‘Roman History’ has a huge scope, so Dionysius 7 BC from Rome’s he had to collect makes the mythical evidence second point that beginnings to the hand from earlier Romans first Punic War texts. derive from (264 BC). Greek Dionysius’ Greek origins and Emphasises the background shapes benefit positive qualities the way he presents form Greek of Roman the Romans. virtues. conquerors and traced their Dionysius embraces ancestors back to Roman origin myths Greeks. into his history, such *Halicarnassus is as Romulus and modern day Bodrum, His work and Remus. Turkey. The same place Livy’s are our only that the historian continuous Herodotus was from. ancient histories of Rome. Livy Lived Livy’s writings Livy is heavily critical In sum, Livy 59 BC- contain of Rome’s enemies manipulates AD 17 elementary because of his myth when mistakes on Roman bias. writing military matters, about indicating that he Rome’s probably never Like Dionysius, Livy’s early kings, served in history includes to glorify the Roman army. mythological Roman elements on the ancestry. Chronological but founding of Rome, narrative style which are based on that is highly Greek myths e.g. descriptive. Aeneas as the Roman founder. Livy’s history emphasizes the Only 35 of Livy’s 142 great triumphs of books survive. Rome because he was writing under the reign of Augustus. 2 Time line of the Roman Kings: Legendary (753-616 BC) and Etruscan (616-509 BC) Portrait Name Lifespan Reign Succession c.772 BC 753 BC Proclaimed himself king after Romulus to to murdering his brother, Remus.
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National Roman Civilization Exam (NRCE) Study Guide – Novice Level
National Roman Civilization Exam (NRCE) Study Guide – Novice Level By Connor Harrison and José Molina This study guide is meant to be good approximation of the material needed to know for the NRCE exam. It is not meant to be fully comprehensive, but should cover most things that could be asked on the exam for Roman History and Roman Life. This guide is adapted from Connor Harrison’s Roman History Notes and José Molina’s Roman Life Notes. Please note that Ancient Geography, although asked on the NRCE, is not yet included in this version of the study guide. Ancient Geography includes, but is not limited to, directions to and from ancient locations, modern names of ancient cities (and vice versa), and names and destinations of ancient Roman roads. 1 Roman History By Connor Harrison MONARCHY (753-510 B.C.) 7 KINGS - Romulus o Lineage . Mother was Rhea Silvia, father was Mars (the God) Romulus and his brother Remus were thrown into the Tiber River, recovered by a she-wolf, and raised by the shepard Faustulus The wife of Faustulus was Acca Larentia o Romulus and Remus . Romulus had a brother, Remus . There was a dispute over where the city would be settled, so Romulus settled the Palatine hill, Remus settled the Aventine hill . According to one account, Romulus is said to have seen 12 vultures while Remus was said to have seen 6, meaning Romulus had superior augury and had say over where the city should be . Remus leaps over the walls on Romulus’ hill and is killed by Romulus.
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The Peace of the Gods: Elite Religious Practices In
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. INTRODUCTION Studying Elite Religion in the Middle Roman Republic The world holds two classes of men— intelligent men without reli- gion, and religious men without intelligence. Abuʿl Ala Al Maʾarri (Syrian poet, 973– 1057 C.E.) Pax Deorum: “the peace of the gods.” One would be hard pressed to come up with a conception more central to the ancient Roman commonwealth. All activities of the state religion were directed to this end. This peace with the gods had something of the contractual and the reciprocal about it: Romans provided the desired worship, veneration, and cultic observances; the gods in turn, it was hoped, safeguarded Rome’s public well- being.1 But there was never any guarantee that deities would indeed reciprocate, and it was the job of the magistrates and public priests to maximize the chances that they would do so. The pax deorum was a fragile affair. It could be broken by any number of errors in the performance of ritual or by contraventions of religious law, and all public religious actions to restore it were carried out according to the most exacting specifications.2 Constant vigilance was required, as divine signs frequently indicated that the gods’ peace must be created in order to avoid impending disaster.3 This book is about the elites, the magistrates and public priests, who shouldered the burden of maintaining the pax deorum, and what their religious behavior may have meant to them.
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