DOCSLIB.ORG

AMOO-0000-G520 Technical Assistance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AMOO-0000-G520 Technical Assistance AGENCY FOR INTERNATI. AL DEVELOPMENT FOR AID USE ONLY WASHINGTON, 0. --20523Aqc r BIBLIOGRAPHIC INI-dT SHEET A. PRIMARY ,.SUBJECT CLASSI-i. AgriCOOR culture AMOO-0000-G520 FICATION B. SECONDARY Fisheries--Ecuador 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Proposed cooperative fishery program for Ecuador 3. AUTHOR(S) Swingle,H.S. 4.DOCUMENT DATE 5. NUMBER OF PAGES 6. ARC NUMBER 1971 42p. ARC EC334.68392.S978 7. REFERCNCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Auburn 8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponsoring Organization, Publiahera, Availability) 9. ABSTRACT 10. CONTROL NUMBER 11. PRICE OF DOCUMENT PN-RAA-946 12. DESCRIPTORS 13. PROJECT NUMBER Ecuador Technical assistance 14. CONTRACT NUMBER CSD-2270 GTS 15. TYPE OF DOCUMENT AID 590-1 (4-74) PROPOSED COOPERATIVE FISHERY PROGRAM FOR ECUADOR H. S. Swingle International Center for Aquaculture Agricultural Experiment Station Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 36830 Project: A. I. D. /csd-2270 Date: May 25, 1971 TABLE OF CONTENTS ITINERARY iii RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROPOSED COOPERATIVE FISHCULTURE PROJECT FOR ECUADOR INVOLVING USAID, FAO AND AUBURN UNIVERSITY iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 REORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTAMENTO DE PISCICULTURA 2 2.01 Divisions and Personnel 3 2.02 Plans for Expansion of the Departamento de Piscicultura 4 3.0 SOILS, WATERS AND FISH IN THE ORIENTE 5 4.0 THE COASTAL AREA NEAR ESMERALDAS 13 5.0 INTRODUCED SPECIES OF FISHES IN ECUADOR 16 6.0 PRELIMINARY LIST OF FISHES OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE IN FRESHWATERS 18 7.0 PROGRAM OF ASSISTANCE FOR THE ECUADOR DEPARTAMENTO DE PISCICULTURA PROPOSED BY DR. MESCHKAT, FAO FISHERIES SPECIALIST 20 7.01 Increasing the Catch of Fish from Rivers 20 7.02 Initiation of Pond Fishcultures 21 8.0 PROPOSED COORDINATED FISHERIES PROGRAM FAO-U. S. A. I. D. -AUBURN UNIVERSITY 24 8.01 Introduction and Training in Use of Modern Fishing Gear in River System at Vinces 25 8.02 Measuring the Effect of Increased Catch on the River Fish Population 25 8.03 Identification of Commercial Species of Fishes and Shrimps 26 8.04 Food Habit Studies of Fishes and Shrimps to Determine their Usefulness in Pond Cultures or in Reservoirs 28 8.05 Determine Species of Fishes and Shrimps in Warmwater Lakes and Reservoirs in Ecuador 29 8.06 Initiate Fish Cultures in Warmwater Ponds and in the Andes 30 8.07 Establish Regional Fishery Stations in the Andes, the Western Coastal Region and in the Oriente 31 8.08 Training at the International Center for Aquaculture 32 9.0 AP13ENDIX 33 9.01 Guide for International Shipment of Fish Specimens 33 LIST OF FIGURES 1. Map of Ecuador vi 2. Map of Ecuador showing Route of Survey Trip and Fisheries Field Stations. vii 3. Lago de Yambo was constructed in an area of low rainfall east of the high Andes. 7 4. The Tena River, a tributary of the Rio Napo, is a source of sands and gravels for surfacing roads. 9 5. Privately constructed ponds at Tena in the Oriente. 11 6. Corvina from the sea and a riverine species bring highest price on the Quito market. 14 7. Large numbers of fishes and shrimps are caught in the estuary at Esmeraldas and offshore. 14 8. The guabina (top) and the bagre ciego (bottom), a blind catfish without pectoral or dorsal spines; the latter should be tried for pond culture. 23 9. The vieja -- there are many species with this common name, all in the Family Cichlidae -- would appear promising for culture. 23 ITINERARY 1971 March 23 Arrived in Quito, Ecuador March 24-27 Conferences with U. S. A. I. D, Ecuador officials, and Dr. Meschkat, FAO Fishery Specialist March 28 Quito to Cotopaxi Trout Station, to Banos and to Mera in the Oriente March 29 Oriente; Mera to Santa Clara to Tena and return to Banos March 30 Banos to Santo Domingo to Esmeraldas March 31 Esmeraldas and vicinity April 1 Esmeraldas to Chame ponds near Atacama; to Sua and to Quito April 2 Conference with Mr. Richard Green, Assistant Director Social Development, U. S. A. I. D. Departed Quito, Ecuador, for Puerto Rico RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROPOSED COOPERATIVE FISHCULTURE PROJECT FOR ECUADOR INVOLVING USAID, FAQ AND AUBURN UNIVERSITY 1971 - 1972 Item Auburn University FAO A.ID/Ecuador Departamento Piscicultura Surveys 1969 - 2 weeks Dr. Meschkat ­ 1971 - 10 days 6 months, 1970-1971 1. Introduce new fishing Dr. Meschkat - to Program - $2, 000 Inspector and assistants gear for rivers, increase the catch near Vinces. 2. Measure periodically Will train inspectors Will provide assistants to the catch: species, and assistants in species make measurements and numbers and weights recognition and measure- records. to determine the effect ments of catch. on the river fish popula­ tion. 3. Identification of Will send Dr. Ramsey Will cooperate in sur- Will furnish Will furnish necessary commercial species and I or 2 assistants veys and collect fish transportation assistance, collect fish and of fishes and shrimps, for 3-week survey in for identification, within Ecuador; maintain fish collection. August, 1971. Send fish to Auburn by air freight. 4. Food habit studies to (Fish from surveys Will train personnel Will furnish personnel. determine their use- and from other sources) in methods of stomach fulness in cultures or Can train personnel at analysis. reservoirs. Auburn University. 5. Determine species of Surveys by Dr. Will assist and continue fish and shrimps in Ramsey as in Item 3 surveys. warmwater lakes to above. discover species suit­ able for culture in ponds. Item Auburn University FAO AID/Ecuador Departamento Piscicultura 6. Initiate fishculture Dr. Meschkat- Project: $2,000 Will in ponds. furnish personnel and Culture; tilapia, total for this and expenses. carp in ponds at Vinces Item 1. and trout culture in the Andes. 7. Establish regional Will assist in planning, Advisory Advisory Select sites; Planning; stations (Andes, check locations, and Cost of Construction; Coastal, Oriente). soils. Staffing and Maintenance. 8. Identification of fish. Will send Dr. Ramsey to various museums in U. S. to establish correct names of fishes. 9. Special and academic Available as needed to training (B. S., M. S. students granted fellow­ and Ph.D.) in fish- ships by AID or FAO. eries. LAND C C I'l I I , B1 II010lomsud: DomCnU ,VANaKP118,ctTO i !#?#OC Snfl Sol I"n t- F . A.9 US MEAA A C ww n uC' isEI ,I b4Cra~ Sana ] 1nor9 r ba.r® FiCure FaINQUC1D1.fEc a o A0 (Boundaries indicated not necessarily authoritative) COLOMBIA LRioEsmeraldas ­ " # 1 2 SSanto " " 3 Tena Rio Napo ( OCEAN,/ i A \._....,,PERU V Cuenca.) / LEGEND " "1 7' - _International Boundary / ..... Province Boundary , PERU Route of Survey Trip / / S.a.l Fisheries Field StationE Scale I- we o 00 a woI.b .',,.. JAs Figure 2. Map of Ecuador showing Route of Survey Trip and Fisheries Field Stations: 1. Punyaru - Imbabura Province; 2. Chillogallo - Pichincha Province; 3. Cotopaxi - Cotopaxi Province; and, 4. Chirimachay - Azuay Province. vii FISHERIES REPORT ON ECUADOR March 23 through April 2, 1971 H. S. Swingle International Center for Aquaculture Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 36820 1.0 INTRODUCTION A previous survey of inland fisheries in Ecuador was made by a team from the International Center for Aquaculture, Auburn University, during the period October 18 through October 28, 1969, and reported in "Fish culture Survey Report for Ecuador", by H. S. Swingle and F. A. Pagan, dated December 20, 1969. This report was made available to U. S. A. I. D. Washington, U. S. A. I. D./ Ecuador, the Government of Ecuador and to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). In the above report, thirteen recommendations were made. To date, one of these, recommending that Sr. Fausto Silva, Head of the Departa­ mento de Piscicultura, be sent to Auburn University for short-term training, has been carried out. Sr. Silva learned methods used in pond construction, experimental pond operation, keeping of scientific records and fisheries ex­ tension operations while at Auburn during the period October 13-19, 1970. The present survey was made at the request of the U. S. A. I. D. Mission in Ecuador to accomplish another recommendation, which suggested that FAO and U. S. A. I. D. coordinate their programs in fisheries to provide joint assistance of most benefit to the host country. -2- It was noted in the report dated December 20, 1969, that FAQ had ap­ proved a fishculture survey in Ecuador. The project was initiated October 15, 1970, when Dr. Arno Meschkat, FAO fisheries specialist, was sent for 6 months with the directive in part to: 1. Survey all natural waters to determine best usage. 2. Compile a list of fish species of commercial importance, and study their biology, ecology and suitability for culture. 3. Assist in reorganization of the Departamento de Piscicultura and establish a center for fisheries investigations. 4. Make an economic study of fishculture on farms. Within the short period of 6 months, very few of these objectives could be accomplished, except to gain a better idea of what should be done. Dr. Meschkat had drawn upon this experience to propose a program of further work, if FAQ could extend his time in Ecuador. This program of work will be dis­ cussed in Section 7. 0 of this report. 2.0 REORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTAMENTO DE PISCICULTURA Fisheries comes under two organizations in Ecuador. One is the Instituto Nacional de Pesca, which deals with marine and estuarine fisheries. The other is the Departamento de Piscicultura, which manages the inland fisheries in rivers, lakes and reservoirs. This department has been reorganized under the Ministerio of Produccion, whereas it was previously under the Ministerio de Industrias y Comercio. -3- The organizational structure is shown in the following diagram.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Speciose Family Characidae
    Oliveira et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:275 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/275 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling Claudio Oliveira1*, Gleisy S Avelino1, Kelly T Abe1, Tatiane C Mariguela1, Ricardo C Benine1, Guillermo Ortí2, Richard P Vari3 and Ricardo M Corrêa e Castro4 Abstract Background: With nearly 1,100 species, the fish family Characidae represents more than half of the species of Characiformes, and is a key component of Neotropical freshwater ecosystems. The composition, phylogeny, and classification of Characidae is currently uncertain, despite significant efforts based on analysis of morphological and molecular data. No consensus about the monophyly of this group or its position within the order Characiformes has been reached, challenged by the fact that many key studies to date have non-overlapping taxonomic representation and focus only on subsets of this diversity. Results: In the present study we propose a new definition of the family Characidae and a hypothesis of relationships for the Characiformes based on phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes (4,680 base pairs). The sequences were obtained from 211 samples representing 166 genera distributed among all 18 recognized families in the order Characiformes, all 14 recognized subfamilies in the Characidae, plus 56 of the genera so far considered incertae sedis in the Characidae. The phylogeny obtained is robust, with most lineages significantly supported by posterior probabilities in Bayesian analysis, and high bootstrap values from maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • ESPÉCIES NOME POPULAR FONTE Classe ACTINOPTERYGII Ordem
    A NEXO 11: Lista de espécies de peixes coletadas no Ribeirão Claro (SP). 1- Referente à dissertação de mestrado de Alexandre Tadeu Barbosa dos Santos, em andamento. 2 - Referente ao trab alho de iniciação científica de André Teixeira da Silva, em andamento. OBS: Ambos os estudo s estão sendo realizados pelo Departamento de Zoologia – IB – UNESP – Rio Claro. NOME ESPÉCIES FONTE POPULAR Classe ACTINOPTERYGII Ordem CHARACIFORMES Família ANOSTOMIDAE CETRA (2003); SANTOS (dados não publicados)1; Leporinus octofasciatus piau SILVA (dados não publicados) 2 CETRA (2003); SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1; Schizodon nasutus ximborê, taguara SILVA (dados não publicados) 2 Família CHARACIDAE SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1; SILVA (dados Acestrorhynchus lacustris peixe-cachorro não publicados) 2 CETRA (2003); SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1; Astyanax altiparanae tambiu SILVA (dados não publicados) 2 Astyanax fasciatus lambari do rabo CETRA (2003); SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1 vermelho Astyanax scabripinis paranae lambari CETRA (2003); SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1 Cheirodon stenodon pequira SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1 CETRA (2003); SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1; Hyphessobrycon eques mato-grosso SILVA (dados não publicados) 2 Odontostilbe cf. sp. pequira SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1 Piabina argentea pequira SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1 Planautina sp. pequira SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1 CETRA (2003); SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1; Salminus hilarii tabarana SILVA (dados não publicados) 2 CETRA (2003); SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1; Serrapinus heterodon pequira SILVA (dados não publicados) 2 CETRA (2003); SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1; Serrapinus notomelas pequira SILVA (dados não publicados) 2 CETRA (2003); SANTOS (dados não publicados) 1; Serrasalmus spilopleura pirambeba SILVA (dados não publicados) 2 Família CRENICHIDAE Characidium cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth in Four Populations of Leporinus Friderici
    Journal of Fish Biology (1991) 38,387-397 Growth in four populations of Leporinus frìderìci (Bloch, 1794) (Anostomidae, Teleostei) in French Guiana T. BOUJARD*?,F. LECOMTE$,J.-F. RENNO*, F. MEUNIER$AND P. NEVEU§ *Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie, INRA, BP 709,97 387 Kourou Cedex, Guyane, $Equipe ‘Formations Squelettiques ’, UA CNRS 1137, Université Paris 7,2place Jussieu, 75 251 Paris Cedex 05 and $Laboratoire de Biométrie, INRA-CRJJ, 78 350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (Received20 March 1990, Accepted 20 October 1990) The growth rates of.leporiizus fiiderici (Bloch, 1794) in four populations from four rivers of French Guiana are compared. According to a statistical analysis of growth curves using the method of maximum likelihood with the Gauss-Markardt algorithm, a marked difference is observed in the growth of the different samples which is attributed to the year of capture rather than to the geographical origin of fishes. It is demonstrated that the main factor affecting growth performances is the length of the rainy season, which corresponds for this species to the feeding period. Key words: Leporinusfriderici; South America; French Guiana; growth; skeletal chronobiology. I. INTRODUCTION In previous studies (Meunier et al., 1985; Lecomte et al., 1985, 1986, 1989), an annulus was shown to be formed at each of the two dry seasons of the year in three species of fish from French Guiana [Leporinusfriderici, Arius proops (Val., 1839), A. couma (Val., 1839)l. These growth zones are particularly obvious on the opercular bone and in the first ray of the pectoral fin. They were used to describe the growth of these species using the von Bertalanffy (1938) model.
    [Show full text]
  • From Lake Guaíba: Analysis of the Parasite Community
    Parasitology Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5933-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Helminth fauna of Megaleporinus obtusidens (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from Lake Guaíba: analysis of the parasite community E. W. Wendt1 & C. M. Monteiro2 & S. B. Amato3 Received: 7 September 2017 /Accepted: 15 May 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abtract Structure of the helminth community of Megaleporinus obtusidens collected in Lake Guaíba was evaluated, and the results indicated that the diversity of helminth species was probably determined by fish behavior and eating habits. The influence of sex, weight, and standard length of hosts for parasitic indices was also analyzed. Sixteen helminth species were found parasitizing M. obtusidens, including the following: platyhelminths, with the highest richness, represented by one species of Aspidobothrea; four species of Digenea; and eight species of Monogenea; the latter, presented the highest prevalence. Rhinoxenus arietinus,foundin nasal cavities, had the greater abundance, and was the only species classified as core. The prevalence of Urocleidoides paradoxus was significantly influenced by the sex of the host; females had the highest values. Abundance was weakly influenced by fish weight and the body length of the hosts. Urocleidoides sp. had its abundance weakly influenced by the host weight. The other helminths were not influenced by biometric characteristics of the hosts. The total species richness was similar between male and female fish, and both had 14 helminth species of parasites. Keywords Host–parasite relationship . Fish biology . Lake environment . Southern Brazil Introduction It is found from north to south in Brazil, as well as in Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay (Britski et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and Coevolution Of
    Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species Marcus V. DOMINGUES Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Caixa Postal 19073, PR 81.531-990 (Brazil) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) [email protected] Walter A. BOEGER Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Caixa Postal 19073, PR 81.531-990 (Brazil) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) [email protected] Domingues M. V. & Boeger W. A. 2005. — Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3) : 441-467. ABSTRACT Eight species of Rhinoxenus are reported from nasal cavities of characiform fish- es in the Neotropics: Rhinoxenus arietinus Kritsky, Boeger & Thatcher, 1988, from anostomid hosts; R. bulbovaginatus Boeger, Domingues & Pavanelli, 1995, from characid hosts; R. nyttus Kritsky, Boeger & Thatcher, 1988, from anostomid hosts; R. piranhus Kritsky, Boeger & Thatcher, 1988, from ser- rasalmin hosts; R. anaclaudiae n. sp., from characid hosts; R. euryxenus n. sp., from serrasalmin and anostomid hosts; R. curimbatae n. sp., from prochilodon- tids hosts; and R. guianensis n. sp., from curimatid hosts. Furthermore, several undeterminate species are reported from Hydrolicus scomberoides (Cyno- dontidae). Hosts were collected from rivers in Brazil and French Guiana. The hypothesis on the sister-group relationships of species of Rhinoxenus (C.I. = 66%; R.I. = 66%), based on 10 transformation series, is ((R. nyttus, R. curim- batae n.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from NCBI Genbank (Benson Et Al
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO EVOLUTION IN FRESH WATERS DURING THE GREAT AMERICAN INTERCHANGE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND THE PRITZKER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY COMMITTEE ON EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY BY TIMOTHY SOSA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2017 Table of Contents List of Tables . iii List of Figures . iv Acknowledgments . vi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Broadly sampled phylogeny of Characiformes reveals repeated colonization of North America and paraphyly of Characiformes sensu stricto . 8 Chapter 3: No evidence for filtering of eco-morphology in characiform lineages during the Great American Interchange . 17 Chapter 4: Both elevation and species identity strongly predict body shape in Astyanax tetras . 27 Chapter 5: Diet may mediate potential range expansions of Neotropical fishes under climate change . 39 Chapter 6: Discussion . 52 References . 57 Appendix: List of specimens newly sequenced for this study . 67 ii List of Tables 1.1 Recognized families in the order Characiformes . 5 2.1 Fossil occurrences used for time-calibration . 11 4.1 Distances in morphospace among tetra populations . 32 5.1 Variables determining the range limits of Astyanax . 45 5.2 Variables determining the range limits of Brycon . 47 5.3 Variables determining the range limits of Roeboides . 49 iii List of Figures 1.1 Hypothetical relationships among ostariophysan groups . 4 2.1 Phylogeny of Characiformes as inferred from myh6 locus . 13 3.1 Landmark configuration for geometric morphometrics . 19 3.2 Morphospace occupation in North and South American characins . 21 3.3 Deformation grids showing axes of shape variation among characins .
    [Show full text]
  • Characiformes: Anostomidae), a Poorly Known Species of Leporinus from the Lowlands of the Central Amazon, Brazil
    Neotropical Ichthyology, 12(2): 317-326, 2014 Copyright © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20130114 Redescription of Leporinus jamesi (Characiformes: Anostomidae), a poorly known species of Leporinus from the lowlands of the central Amazon, Brazil Júlio C. Garavello1, Heraldo A. Britski2 and José L. O. Birindelli3 The poorly known Leporinus jamesi is redescribed. The species was originally described based on a single specimen collected in the rio Solimões at Manacapuru, in the central Amazon, Brazil. The holotype went missing before the species description was finished and published, and remained lost for more than a hundred years.Leporinus jamesi is distinguished from its congeners by having pectoral and pelvic fins dark, 42 to 45 scales on the lateral line, 16 scale series around the caudal peduncle, a body with two conspicuous dark midlateral blotches (the blotch on the caudal peduncle absent or inconspicuous), and four teeth on the premaxilla and dentary, including a bicuspid symphyseal tooth on the premaxilla. A principal component analysis on morphometric traits between combined samples of L. jamesi and L. amazonicus was performed showing significant morphometric differences between these species. In addition, inaccuracies in Borodin’s descriptions of various species of the genus Leporinus are discussed. Leporinus jamesi, uma espécie pouco conhecida, é redescrita. A espécie foi originalmente descrita com base em um único exemplar procedente do rio Solimões em Manacapuru, na Amazônia central, Brasil. O holótipo da espécie foi perdido antes de sua descrição ter sido concluída e publicada, assim permanecendo por mais de cem anos. Leporinus jamesi distingue-se dos congêneres por apresentar as nadadeiras peitorais e pélvicas escuras, 42 a 45 escamas na linha lateral, 16 séries de escamas ao redor do pedúnculo caudal, duas manchas escuras conspícuas na lateral do corpo (mancha do pedúnculo caudal ausente ou inconspícua) e quatro dentes no pré-maxilar e no dentário , incluindo um dente bicúspide sinfisiano.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Ecology of Leporinus Taeniofasciatus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) Before and After Installation of a Hydroelectric Plant in the Upper Rio Tocantins, Brazil
    Neotropical Ichthyology, 1(1):53-60, 2003 Copyright © 2003 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Feeding ecology of Leporinus taeniofasciatus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) before and after installation of a hydroelectric plant in the upper rio Tocantins, Brazil Miriam P. Albrecht and Erica Pellegrini-Caramaschi The feeding ecology of Leporinus taeniofasciatus in the upper rio Tocantins was characterized before (river phase) and after (reservoir phase) its impoundment by the Serra da Mesa Hydroelectric Dam. The importance of each food item was given by the Alimentary Index (IAi), which combines the frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods. A significant difference in the diet of L. taeniofasciatus between seasons in the river phase, detected by a multivariate analysis of variance, was not kept when the reservoir was formed. Its feeding activity, verified through the percentage of stomachs with different degrees of fullness, was not affected by the impoundment. Leporinus taeniofasciatus was able to incorporate terrestrial food items to its diet when they became abundantly available at the beginning of reservoir formation. Despite this plasticity, secondary factors such as predation and competition might have affected its adaptation in the new, more homogeneous environment. Its diet was not significantly different in the lotic sites between the distinct phases, suggesting that the remaining upstream lotic environments still provide favorable conditions for this species, reinforcing the need to preserve those habitats, as L. taeniofasciatus, which is apparently endemic to the Tocantins basin, may be threatened. A ecologia alimentar de Leporinus taeniofasciatus no alto rio Tocantins foi caracterizada antes (fase rio) e após (fase reservatório) seu represamento pela Usina Hidrelétrica Serra da Mesa.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossils Provide Better Estimates of Ancestral Body Size Than Do Extant
    Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 90 (Suppl. 1): 357–384 (January 2009) doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00364.x FossilsBlackwell Publishing Ltd provide better estimates of ancestral body size than do extant taxa in fishes James S. Albert,1 Derek M. Johnson1 and Jason H. Knouft2 Abstract 1Department of Biology, University of Albert, J.S., Johnson, D.M. and Knouft, J.H. 2009. Fossils provide better Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA estimates of ancestral body size than do extant taxa in fishes. — Acta Zoologica 2 70504-2451, USA; Department of (Stockholm) 90 (Suppl. 1): 357–384 Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA The use of fossils in studies of character evolution is an active area of research. Characters from fossils have been viewed as less informative or more subjective Keywords: than comparable information from extant taxa. However, fossils are often the continuous trait evolution, character state only known representatives of many higher taxa, including some of the earliest optimization, morphological diversification, forms, and have been important in determining character polarity and filling vertebrate taphonomy morphological gaps. Here we evaluate the influence of fossils on the interpretation of character evolution by comparing estimates of ancestral body Accepted for publication: 22 July 2008 size in fishes (non-tetrapod craniates) from two large and previously unpublished datasets; a palaeontological dataset representing all principal clades from throughout the Phanerozoic, and a macroecological dataset for all 515 families of living (Recent) fishes. Ancestral size was estimated from phylogenetically based (i.e. parsimony) optimization methods. Ancestral size estimates obtained from analysis of extant fish families are five to eight times larger than estimates using fossil members of the same higher taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Comparative Morphology of Gonads from Six Species of Fish
    Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Pereira Arantes, Fábio; Andrade Silva, Fabiano; dos Santos, José Enemir; Rizzo, Elizete; Sato, Yoshimi; Bazzoli, Nilo Comparative morphology of gonads from six species of fish belonging to the family Anostomidae (Characiformes: Anostomidae) Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 65, núm. 2, junio, 2017, pp. 713-723 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44950834023 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Comparative morphology of gonads from six species of fish belonging to the family Anostomidae (Characiformes: Anostomidae) Fábio Pereira Arantes 1, Fabiano Andrade Silva 1, José Enemir dos Santos 1, Elizete Rizzo 2 Yoshimi Sato 3 & Nilo Bazzoli 1* 1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (MG), 30535-610, Brasil; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2. Laboratório de Ictiohistologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), C.P. 486, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brasil; [email protected] 3. Centro Integrado de Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura de Três Marias (CODEVASF), 39205-000 Três Marias, Minas Gerais Brasil; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 27- X-2016. Corrected 06- II -2017. Accepted 03- III -2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Satellitome Landscape Analysis of Megaleporinus
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Satellitome landscape analysis of Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Teleostei, Anostomidae) reveals Received: 7 August 2018 Accepted: 26 March 2019 intense accumulation of satellite Published: xx xx xxxx sequences on the heteromorphic sex chromosome Ricardo Utsunomia1,2, Duílio Mazzoni Zerbinato de Andrade Silva1, Francisco J. Ruiz-Ruano 2, Caio Augusto Gomes Goes3, Silvana Melo 1, Lucas Peres Ramos1, Claudio Oliveira1, Fábio Porto-Foresti3, Fausto Foresti1 & Diogo Teruo Hashimoto4 The accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences on the sex-limited W or Y chromosomes is a well-known process that is likely triggered by the suppression of recombination between the sex chromosomes, which leads to major diferences in their sizes and genetic content. Here, we report an analysis conducted on the satellitome of Megaleporinus macrocephalus that focuses specifcally on the satDNAs that have been shown to have higher abundances in females and are putatively located on the W chromosome in this species. We characterized 164 satellite families in M. macrocephalus, which is, by far, the most satellite-rich species discovered to date. Subsequently, we mapped 30 satellites, 22 of which were located on the W chromosome, and 14 were shown to exist only on the W chromosome. Finally, we report two simple, quick and reliable methods that can be used for sex identifcation in M. macrocephalus individuals using fn clips or scales, which could be applicable to future studies conducted in the feld of aquaculture. Eukaryotic genomes have a large number of repetitive DNA sequences that include transposable elements (TEs), multigene families and satellite DNAs (satDNAs)1. Tese sequences are highly dynamic at the chromosomal and nucleotide levels and several mechanisms that contribute to their expansion/contraction are known to shape their evolution2.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species of Leporinus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the Highlands of the Guiana Shield in Venezuela
    Neotropical Ichthyology, 17(2): e190022, 2019 Journal homepage: www.scielo.br/ni DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20190022 Published online: 18 July 2019 (ISSN 1982-0224) Copyright © 2019 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Printed: 30 June 2019 (ISSN 1679-6225) Original article New species of Leporinus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the highlands of the Guiana Shield in Venezuela José L. O. Birindelli1, Heraldo A. Britski2 and Francisco Provenzano3, 4 A new species of Leporinus is described using morphological data and compared to all other species of the family. Specimens were illustrated using digital photograph, measured using digital calipers, and had teeth, scales, and fin rays counted under a stereomicroscope. The new species is distinguished from all other Anostomidae, except Anostomus anostomus, A. brevior, A. ternetzi, Hypomasticus despaxi, Leporinus arcus, and L. striatus, by having four dark longitudinal stripes on body. The new species is distinguished from aforementioned species by having terminal mouth with four teeth on the premaxilla, 12 series of scales around caudal peduncle, and 34 to 36 scales in the lateral line. The new species is remarkably similar to Leporinus arcus, which occurs on the opposite side of Guyana Shield highlands. The new species and L. arcus are possibly closely related to Leporinus gomesi, L. granti, L. lebaili, L. melanostictus, L. nijsseni, and L. santosi. Keywords: Anostomoidea, Phylogeny, South America, Systematics, Taxonomy. Uma espécie nova de Leporinus é descrita usando dados morfológicos e comparações entre todas as espécies da família. Exemplares foram ilustrados com fotografia digital, medidos com paquímetro digital e seus dentes, escamas e raios das nadadeiras foram contados sob estereomicroscópio.
    [Show full text]