Recent Highlights in Terrorist Activity
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The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics by Zachary Abuza
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 6 The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics by Zachary Abuza Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Complex Operations, and Center for Strategic Conferencing. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, and publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Thai and U.S. Army Soldiers participate in Cobra Gold 2006, a combined annual joint training exercise involving the United States, Thailand, Japan, Singapore, and Indonesia. Photo by Efren Lopez, U.S. Air Force The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics By Zachary Abuza Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 6 Series Editors: C. Nicholas Rostow and Phillip C. Saunders National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. -
Global Digital Cultures: Perspectives from South Asia
Revised Pages Global Digital Cultures Revised Pages Revised Pages Global Digital Cultures Perspectives from South Asia ASWIN PUNATHAMBEKAR AND SRIRAM MOHAN, EDITORS UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS • ANN ARBOR Revised Pages Copyright © 2019 by Aswin Punathambekar and Sriram Mohan All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. Published in the United States of America by the University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America Printed on acid- free paper First published June 2019 A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication data has been applied for. ISBN: 978- 0- 472- 13140- 2 (Hardcover : alk paper) ISBN: 978- 0- 472- 12531- 9 (ebook) Revised Pages Acknowledgments The idea for this book emerged from conversations that took place among some of the authors at a conference on “Digital South Asia” at the Univer- sity of Michigan’s Center for South Asian Studies. At the conference, there was a collective recognition of the unfolding impact of digitalization on various aspects of social, cultural, and political life in South Asia. We had a keen sense of how much things had changed in the South Asian mediascape since the introduction of cable and satellite television in the late 1980s and early 1990s. We were also aware of the growing interest in media studies within South Asian studies, and hoped that the conference would resonate with scholars from various disciplines across the humanities and social sci- ences. -
Women and Conflict in Afghanistan
Women and Conflict in Afghanistan Asia Report N°252 | 14 October 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Decades of Civil War ........................................................................................................ 2 A. The Anti-Soviet Jihad ................................................................................................ 2 B. The Taliban’s Gender Apartheid ................................................................................ 4 III. Post-2001 Gains ............................................................................................................... 7 A. Constitutional Guarantees and Electoral Rights ....................................................... 7 B. Institutional Equality, Protection and Development ................................................ 9 IV. Two Steps Forward, One Step Back ................................................................................. 13 A. Political Empowerment and Electoral Gains............................................................ -
Security Risks in Southern Thailand: from Origins to Current Situation
Security Risks in Southern Thailand: From Origins to Current Situation Summary • Government crackdowns on business activities based on suspicions of commercial transactions with In order to extract even more concessions from the rebel groups Thai government, rebel groups in the southernmost • The continued political influence of the rebel groups provinces of Thailand may continue instigating violence. in villages and towns where investments are made Such a scenario is more likely if the government launches a renewed crackdown on the insurgency that then triggers a violent response and renews the cycle Introduction of escalation, as happened in the early 2000s. The insurgency could also launch more attacks to Thailand has faced a long-running insurgency since the demonstrate to a newly elected Thai government at early 1950s in the country’s predominantly Malay- some point that it should be taken seriously ahead of speaking southern provinces of Pattani, Yala, potential talks, or launch more attacks if such talks Narathiwat, and parts of Songkhla, near the border with occur and go poorly. In the meantime, the conflict is Malaysia. Collectively known by Malay nationalists as likely to remain in an uneasy stalemate. Patani, this Deep South region was a former Malay sultanate that was formally colonized by Siam, present- day Thailand, in 1909. Rooted in historical grievances Business Risks in the Deep South and ideological differences, this conflict occasionally flares up. Violence started to spike in 2004, and more than 7,000 people – mostly civilians – have been killed Businesspeople seeking to invest in the southernmost in the ethno-religious border region during that period. -
Ethnic Separatism in Southern Thailand: Kingdom Fraying at the Edge?
1 ETHNIC SEPARATISM IN SOUTHERN THAILAND: KINGDOM FRAYING AT THE EDGE? Ian Storey Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies March 2007 The Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS) is a regional study, conference and research center under the United States Department of Defense. The views in this paper are personal opinions of the author, and are not official positions of the U.S. government, the U.S. Pacific Command, or the APCSS. All APCSS publications are posted on the APCSS web site at www.apcss.org. Overview • Since January 2004 separatist violence in Thailand’s three Muslim-majority southern provinces has claimed the lives of nearly 1,900 people. • The root causes of this latest phase of separatist violence are a complex mix of history, ethnicity, and religion, fueled by socio-economic disparities, poor governance, and political grievances. Observers differ on the role of radical Islam in the south, though the general consensus is that transnational terrorist groups are not involved. • A clear picture of the insurgency is rendered difficult by the multiplicity of actors, and by the fact that none of the groups involved has articulated clear demands. What is apparent, however, is that the overall aim of the insurgents is the establishment of an independent Islamic state comprising the three provinces. • The heavy-handed and deeply flawed policies of the Thaksin government during 2004-2006 deepened the trust deficit between Malay-Muslims and the Thai authorities and fueled separatist sentiment. 2 • Post-coup, the Thai authorities have made resolving violence in the south a priority, and promised to improve governance and conduct a more effective counter-insurgency campaign. -
“We Have the Promises of the World”
Afghanistan “We Have the Promises HUMAN of the World” RIGHTS WATCH Women’s Rights in Afghanistan “We Have the Promises of the World” Women’s Rights in Afghanistan Copyright © 2009 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-574-1 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org December 2009 1-56432-574-1 “We Have the Promises of the World” Women’s Rights in Afghanistan Map of Afghanistan ............................................................................................................ 1 I. Summary ......................................................................................................................... 2 Key Recommendations .................................................................................................. 11 II. Methodology ................................................................................................................ 12 III. Attacks on Women in Public Life ...................................................................................14 Women in Public Life in Afghanistan ............................................................................. -
Rebutting the Ban the Burqa Rhetoric: a Critical Analysis of the Arguments for a Ban on the Islamic Face Veil in Australia
Renae Barker* REBUTTING THE BAN THE BURQA RHETORIC: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ARGUMENTS FOR A BAN ON THE ISLAMIC FACE VEIL IN AUSTRALIA ABSTRACT The re-emergence of the ban the burqa campaign in Australia and the short-lived Commonwealth parliamentary ban on the wearing of face coverings in Parliament House highlight the ongoing hysteria surround- ing the veil and the dangers of responding to that hysteria. This article critically examines the arguments put forward in support of a ban on the burqa. Arguments examined include that the wearing of a full face veil is not a religious requirement in Islam, that the veil is oppressive to women, that it is un-Australian, that the veil poses a security risk, that a ban is necessary for facial identification and that banning the veil is consistent with Australian society’s treatment of other forms of face covering. The article concludes that these arguments do not provide a justification for a ban in Australia, either alone or in concert. Further, it demonstrates that many of the arguments put forward in support of a ban are counterpro- ductive and contradictory. It argues that instead Australia should strive to identify where limited restrictions may be necessary and that any restric- tions on the wearing of the face veil should be as minimally invasive as possible. I INTRODUCTION n the wake of the rise of the terrorist organisation Islamic State (IS),1 Muslims around the world have become the target of vitriol by private individuals, Ipublic officials and states.2 Similar reactions were seen in the aftermath of the * BEc LLB (Murd), PhD (UWA), Lecturer, University of Western Australia Faculty of Law, Honorary Research Fellow Centre for Muslims States and Societies. -
Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha Vol. 8 No. 3 (September, 2020) Open Access at
Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha Vol. 8 No. 3 (September, 2020) Open Access at : https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JJPP ASEAN COOPERATION IN ERADING CRIMINAL ACTS OF TERRORISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN AREA Rusito Faculty of Law, University of Wijayakusuma Purwokerto e-mail : [email protected] Kaboel Suwardi Faculty of Law, University of Wijayakusuma Purwokerto Doni Adi Supriyo Faculty of Law, University of Wijayakusuma Purwokerto Abstract Dewasa ini terorisme telah menjadi ancaman paling serius bagi kemanusiaan dan peradaban serta membawa dampak sangat besar di segala aspek kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Pada tingkat regional, Asia Tenggara merupakan kawasan yang menghadapi tantangan cukup berat dalam bidang keamanan. Masalah terorisme merupakan masalah yang banyak dihadapi oleh negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Banyaknya peristiwa terorisme yang terjadi di Asia Tenggara telah mengakibatkan ASEAN dituntut untuk berperan lebih besar dalam menyelesaikan masalah ini. ASEAN Convention on Counter Terrorism (ACCT) ditandatangani pada KTT ke12 ASEAN di Cebu, Filipina, Januari 2007. Konvensi ini memberikan dasar hukum yang kuat guna peningkatan kerjasama ASEAN di bidang pemberantasan terorisme. Selain memiliki karakter regional, ACCT bersifat komprehensif (meliputi aspek pencegahan, penindakan, dan program rehabilitasi) sehingga memiliki nilai tambah bila dibandingkan dengan konvensi sejenis. Harmonisasi kerjasama pada ACCT ini terlihat dari kekompakan negara-negara anggota ASEAN dalam menyetujui netralitas pengdefinisian terorisme -
CHE MOHD AZIZ Yaacob Universiti Sains Malaysia ASIMILASI
Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies, Vol. 39 (1) (July 2012): 97-123 @ School of History, Politics & Strategic Studies, UKM; ISSN 2180-0251 (electronic), 0126-5644 (paper) CHE MOHD AZIZ Yaacob Universiti Sains Malaysia ASIMILASI BANGSA MELAYU DI PATANI: KEBERKESANAN DASAR DAN SURVIVAL BUDAYA MINORITI THE ASSIMILATION OF THE MALAYS IN PATANI: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICIES AND SURVIVAL OF THE MINORITY CULTURE Konflik Patani merupakan rentetan pertembungan dua budaya dan identiti manusia yang berbeza yang melibatkan Orang Melayu Islam Patani (OMIP) dan Orang Thai Buddha. Pertembungan yang masih belum berkesudahan ini bermula apabila OMIP bangkit secara kekerasan (setelah cara lembut tidak berjaya) untuk mempertahankan identiti dan budaya mereka daripada polisi-polisi kerajaan Thailand yang dilihat cuba mengasimilasikan OMIP ke dalam identiti dan budaya Thai-Buddha. OMIP merasakan polisi asimilasi ini menafikan hak golongan minoriti dan tidak membawa apa-apa kebaikan kepada mereka. Manakala di pihak kerajaan Thailand, polisi-polisi yang dilaksanakan dilihat sesuatu yang positif bagi negara Thailand kerana ia dapat membentuk penyatuan rakyat melalui kesamaan identiti dan seterusnya bekerjasama untuk membangunkan negara. Namun begitu, polisi ini dilihat menyentuh nilai-nilai OMIP seperti identiti dan budaya Melayu yang sememangnya tidak boleh dikompromi. OMIP pastinya tidak akan meninggalkan agama Islam yang dianuti semata- mata untuk kepentingan negara. Begitu juga dengan bahasa, bangsa dan budaya Melayu yang dimiliki pastinya tidak akan ditinggalkan sama sekali. Walaupun begitu, desakan daripada kerajaan Thailand menyebabkan OMIP bangkit menentang dalam pelbagai cara yang dirasakan sesuai sehinggalah kepada mengangkat senjata pada hari ini. Tindakan kekerasan ini akhirnya mengundang keburukan ke atas OMIP apabila kerajaan Thailand menggunakan pendekatan- pendekatan yang keras berbentuk paksaan. -
Rethinking Strategy Policy of Counter Insurgency in Southern Thailand
RETHINKING STRATEGY POLICY OF COUNTER INSURGENCY IN SOUTHERN THAILAND BY COLONEL SIRIPHONG PATCHARAKANOKKUL The Royal Thai Army DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for PubliC Release. Distribution is Unlimited. USAWC CLASS OF 2010 Only a work of the United States Government is not subjeCt to Copyright. Based upon the nature of a partiCular student-author's employment, a paper may not be a work of the United States Government and may, in faCt, be proteCted by Copyright. The views expressed in this student aCademiC researCh paper are those of the author and do not refleCt the offiCial poliCy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Strategy Research Project Project Research Strategy U.S. Army War College, Carlisle BarraCks, PA 17013-5050 Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202- 4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. -
The “Ten-Dollar Talib” and Women's Rights
Afghanistan The “Ten-Dollar Talib” HUMAN and Women’s Rights RIGHTS WATCH Afghan Women and the Risks of Reintegration and Reconciliation The “Ten-Dollar Talib” and Women’s Rights Afghan Women and the Risks of Reintegration and Reconciliation Copyright © 2010 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-658-9 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org July 2010 1-56432-658-9 The “Ten-Dollar Talib” and Women’s Rights Afghan Women and the Risks of Reintegration and Reconciliation Maps ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Summary ...........................................................................................................................................3 Key Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 10 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ -
WOMEN and the AFGHAN POLICE Why a Law Enforcement Agency That Respects and Protects Females Is Crucial for Progress
173 OXFAM BRIEFING PAPER 10 SEPTEMBER 2013 Badam Bagh women's prison ©Lalage Snow, 2011. WOMEN AND THE AFGHAN POLICE Why a law enforcement agency that respects and protects females is crucial for progress EMBARGOED UNTIL 00:01 GMT TUE 10 SEPTEMBER 2013 Only 1 per cent of the Afghan National Police is female. Although female police are vital for Afghan women to be able to report crimes and access desperately-needed justice, few women in Afghanistan will ever encounter one. Further action is urgently needed to recruit, train, retain and protect Afghan female police officers. This is critical for upholding the rights of Afghan women and girls and can contribute to sustainable peace and development efforts in Afghanistan. www.oxfam.org EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Afghanistan‟s first policewoman took up her duties in 1967 – three years after Afghan women gained the right to vote. Yet, as with many aspects of the country‟s development, subsequent decades of political upheaval and conflict took their toll and when the Taliban swept to power in 1996, women were banned from serving in the police. Over the past decade, the Afghan Government and international donors have worked hard to rebuild the country‟s basic institutions, including the Afghan National Police (ANP). The Government has launched several initiatives to recruit women into the ANP, resulting in a gradual rise in their numbers. In 2005, the ANP employed just 180 women out of 53,400 personnel. In July 2013, 1,551 policewomen were serving out of 157,000. All Afghans stand to benefit from more effective and responsive law enforcement in which policewomen play their part – but none more so than women and girls in a country where domestic violence, forced marriage, sexual assault, and honour killings are shockingly common.