DOCSLIB.ORG

Waste Paper Recycling and the Future Timber Market

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Waste Paper Recycling and the Future Timber Market Waste paper recycling and the future timber market Research shows that the accelerated re- terms of regional timber consumption cycling of waste paper in the 1990s will and prices. likely have substantial timber market im- In the past two years, another issue by Peter J. Ince pacts, particularly in the Southern U.S., has been at the forefront of public atten- and Joanne T. Alig where more than half the U.S. pulp, tion and debate: the economic implica- paper and paperboard is produced. tions of protecting the notthern spotted Peter J. Ince is a research forester and Much of the projected increase in owl. Like the growth in waste paper re- Joanne T. Alig is an economist with the waste paper recycling will occur in un- cycling, the conservation of this species U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Forest bleached kraft board and newsprint may have a large influente on future Products Laboratory in Madison, Wis- grades now produced mainly in the timber markets. A third objective, then, consin. This article summarizes a de- South from softwood pulpwood. Thus, is to compare the effects of waste paper tailed research paper. recycling will tend to offset future de- recycling and protecting the northern mand growth for softwood pulpwood to a spotted owl on timber markets. greater extent than that for hardwood, and it will mainly offset demand growth Methodology in the South. Economic effects on timber markets of Recycling will extend softwood timber Paper recycling reduces the implementing a conservation strategy for supplies, leveling market differentials be- need for wood fiber. Im- the northern spotted owl have been pro- tween hardwood and softwood pulp- jected by the Forest Service and the portant research conducted wood, and extending softwood saw- Bureau of Land Management (1). There timber supply. As a result, there will be by forest industry experts is much uncertainty about the extent to increased opportunity for domestic pro- quantifies the future which wildlife conservation strategies will duction of paper, paperboard and other savings of this critica1 be implemented in the future. forest products, particularly in the South. Our analysis, therefore, does not con- In this article, timber market implications natural resource and in- sider the ramification of all possible land are projected into the 21st century, and dicates the substantial or wildlife conservation strategies or results are compared with implications benefits from increased technological developments. Rather, it of implementing a conservation strategy projects timber market implications into paper recycling in the U.S. for the northern spotted owl. the 21st century and compares results with the implications of implementing a Introduction conservation strategy for the northern It is timely and appropriate to consider spotted owl . future timber market implications of a Our larger report includes a detailed significant development that will unfold explanation of this research methodol- in the 1990s: acceleration in the rate of U.S. waste paper recycling. By all ac- OgY. counts, not only will waste paper re- cycling accelerate, but the use of re- Recycling in perspective cycled waste paper as a fiber input for The recycling issue has been brought production of paper and paperboard will home to nearly every Amerizan. Within continue to grow. With this increase in the past few years, each of the 50 states recycling, the consumption of pulpwood has enacted some form of recycling will grow more slowly than previously legislation, and communities across the anticipated. U.S. have developed programs for The objectives of this article are to source separation and collection. People present information on likely rates of in most households now separate plastic waste paper recycling in the late 1990s bottles, aluminum cans and newspapers by product grade and to show the an- from other trash. ticipated timber market consequences in More than 50 million tons of waste , 123 Resource Recycling April 1992 Waste paper recovery and utilization The likely acceleration in waste paper H Table 1 - U.S. paper and paperboard production and waste paper recycling can be better visualized by utilization, 1988-2000 examining paper and paperboard pro- Utilization rate in percent duction figures along with waste paper Product grade 1988(l) 1995 (2) 2000 (3) utilization rates for selected product Paper grades (Table 1). The utilization rate is a Newsprint 24 37 45.0 measure of how much recyclable paper Printing and writing 7 7 8.9 is actually used in U.S. paper and Tissue and sanitary 46 49 50.0 paperboard mills in relation to paper and Packaging and industrial 5 5 6.1 paperboard production. (By taking into Paperboard account the expot-t of secondary Unbleached kraft ll 20 20.4 fibers and the domestic use of recov- Semichemical 41 ered paper in other applications, such as 33 43.8 Bleached 0 0 insulation and mulch, the recovery rate 0 Recycled 100 is much higher than the utilization rate.) 100 100.0 In 1988, the utilization rate was 25.2 All grades (4) 25 30 30.9 percent; in 1989, 26.5 percent (2). Ac- cording to Forest Products Laboratory (1) Actual. (2) Franklin Associates, Ltd., Paper Recychg: The View to 7995, 1990. projections, if the industry’s waste paper (3) Forest Products Laboratory. recovery goal is achieved by 1995, the (4) Excluding construction paper and board. utilization rate for waste paper will be around 31 percent by 2000. Source: Forest Products Laboratory, 1991. Table 1 lists actual data for 1988 and projections for 1995 and 2000. The More significantly, in terms of timber zation rates will nearly double by the projections for 2000 were designed to markets, the projected increases in re- end of the decade. In the U.S. these simulate the long-term consequences of cycling are concentrated in product trends are particularly significant be- technological developments in the grades such as unbleached kraft board cause those product grades are cur- 1990s. and newsprint, where waste paper utili- rently produced mainly from softwood 44 Targetíng Calífornía? Over 9 yeurs ECOLOBAGS provide the petfect solution of Experience to both private and municipal leaf collection. They comply with local legislation against the use ELyeing for of plastic bags for leaf disposal, plus they can be l-l more economical than plastic bags. Tests show that twice as rnany leaves can be stuffed into a 30-gallon* l ECOLOBAG versus a 30-gallon plastic bag.* ECOLOBAGS are constructed of tough two-ply weather-resistant kraft utilizing a water-resistant adhesive throughout, so they can be left at curbside, even in inclernent weather! SELF-STANMNG l WEATHER RESISTANT l BICDEGRADABLE l PUNCTURE RESISTANT Call us today for a free sample at (800) 34&DAN0 Government Relations s 1107 9th. Street, Suite 660 Sacramento, California 95814 Specializing in environmentally safe products for more than 20 years. Telephone: (916) 4474113 \ Fax: (916) 4447835 // l Brookhaven, New York study 1989. Copies avai/ab/e upon request. l * approximate Circle 116 on RR service card Circle 35 on RR service card 125 Resource Recycbng April 1992 This is a very interesting result because it indicates that accelerated recycling will n Figure 1 - Pacific Northwest sawtimber stumpage market, alternate actually increase the long-term growth projections potential of the U.S. industry, by ex- $/MBF (1) panding fiber resources in terms of both pulpwood and recycled fiber. Although paper and paperboard pro- 100 duction will increase, this new analysis nevertheless results in reduced growth in pulpwood consumption. Pulpwood 80 consumption will continue to grow in the future, but consumption will grow more 60 slowly than originally projected. Although Owls & Recycling pulpwood consumption climbed from 40 around 90 million cords in 1986 to over 97 million cords in 1989, the consump- 20 tion trend will not continue at the same pace in the 21st century. In the new scenario, pulpwood consumption will be 0 20 million cords lower by the year 2040 1988 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 than in the earlier projection. Year (1) Real price index in dollars per million board feet. Impacts on sawtimber markets Source: Forest Products Laboratory, 1991. Reduced pulpwood consumption in the decades ahead will extend timber sup- plies, particularly for softwood timber. recycling will affect sawtimber markets. the northern spotted owl issue in the Therefore, in addition to examining We considered three scenarios, placing Pacific Northwest. pulpwood markets, we examined how the impact of recycling in the context of Figure 1 portrays the results of this In Most Places They GRUENDLER Waste _<’ :: .,*: ír :(<’ Our four basic machines: -’ Wood Hogs .: Lumpbreakers .$:x, ’ Bottle & Can Crushers ,! Vertical Paper Shredders can process most of the materials in the waste stream.1 The rest we more exotic When you G glass, metal paper, you (- equipment i over a cen experience. _. 1 -3821 Circle 53 on RR service card 127 Resource Recycling April 1992 analysis. The estimates in the top two lines (“0~1s” and “Base”) were obtained n Figure 2 - Southern softwood sswtimber stumpage market, alternate from the recent joint Forest Service and projections Bureau of Land Management study of the economic effects of implementing a conservation strategy for the northern spotted owl (1). The “Base” scenario ad- dresses all issues except for the protec- tion of the northern spotted owl, and the “Owls” scenario expands this case to 801 /T simulate the impacts of a major conser- vation strategy for the northern spotted * owl and related forest plans in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and Pacific Southwest 11 z Recycling regions. The “0~1s” scenario assumed a substantial reduction in allowable sale quantities for timber in the national forests in those regions. Both the “Base” and the “Owls” scenarios assumed no PI acceleration in waste paper recycling in 1988 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 the 1990s.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Decoupling 2 Technologies, Opportunities and Policy
    www.unep.org United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, 00100 Kenya Tel: (254 20) 7621234 Fax: (254 20) 7623927 E-mail: [email protected] web: www.unep.org DECOUPLING 2 TECHNOLOGIES, The followingOPPORTUNITIES is an excerpt AND of the report POLICY OPTIONS decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth Produced by the International Resource Panel This document highlights key findings from the report and should be read in conjunction with the full report. References to research and reviews on which this report is based are listed in the full report. The full report can be downloaded from www.unep.org. If you are reading a hardcopy, the CD-Rom can be found in the back cover. Additional copies can be ordered via email: [email protected], or via post: United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology Industry and Economics, 15 rue de Milan, 75441 Paris CEDEX 09, France www.unep.org United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, 00100 Kenya Tel: (254 20) 7621234 Acknowledgements Fax: (254 20) 7623927 E-mail: [email protected] web: www.unep.org Editor: International Resource Panel The following is an excerpt of the report Working Group on Decoupling Lead Authors: Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker (lead coordinating author), Jacqueline Aloisi de Larderel, Karlson ‘Charlie’ Hargroves, Christian Hudson, Michael Harrison Smith, and Maria Amelia Enriquez Rodrigues. Contributors: Anna Bella Siriban Manalang, Kevin Urama, Sangwon Suh, Mark Swilling, Janet Salem, Kohmei Halada, Heinz Leuenberger, Cheryl Desha, Angie Reeve, David Sparks. decoupling The report went through a peer-review process coordinated by Maarten Hajer, together with the International Resource Panel Secretariat.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovered Wood As Raw Material for Structural Timber Products
    Proceedings of the 2020 Society of Wood Science and Technology International Convention Recovered Wood as Raw Material for Structural Timber Products. Characteristics, Situation and Study Cases: Ireland and Spain Daniel F. Llana1,2* – Guillermo Íñiguez-González1,2 –Marina de Arana-Fernández1 –Caitríona Uí Chúláin3–Annette M. Harte3 1Department of Foresty and Enviromental Engineering and Management, MONTES (School of Forest Engineering and Natural Resources), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain [email protected]* [email protected] [email protected] 2Timber Construction Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 3College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland [email protected] [email protected] Abstract The circular economy is an efficient system to reuse materials reducing the amount of waste generated. In order to implement it in the timber sector, the InFutUReWood (Innovative Design for the Future – Use and Reuse of Wood (Building) Components) is a European project studying the possibilities for reuse and recycling of timber from demolition for structural applications. Nowadays in Ireland and Spain, most of the wood waste is reduced to chips. In Ireland, chips are mainly used for energy production, pallet blocks, and composting, while in Spain are used for energy production and particleboard manufacture. Possible structural applications depend on the amount, dimensions, and condition of recovered timber. Most of the recovered timber in Ireland has medium size cross-sections, while in Spain it is mainly large cross-section. Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a good option for reuse and experimental tests are ongoing in Ireland on CLT manufactured from old timber trusses.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature's Recyclers Activity Guide
    NATURE’S RECYCLERS ACTIVITY GUIDE WA-1425 To Naturalists/Interpreters: CONTENTS Many of us don’t realize that while we are rinsing cans and OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES 3 stomping milk jugs for recycling, other creatures are also busy Trash Hunt 3 recycling Lichens, mushrooms, sow bugs, earthworms and Litter — It’s Everywhere 4 beetles spend their whole lives recycling for nature Nature’s Dead Tree & Rotting Log Study 5 recyclers are responsible for turning dead plants and animals Mushroom Adventure 8 back into usable nutrients for other plants and animals Likewise, Where Do Things Come From? 9 humans are responsible for turning trash back into reusable materials INDOOR ACTIVITIES 12 Recycling For the Birds 12 Parks and outdoor recreation areas are great locations for Recycling Games 14 demonstrating the importance of recycling The natural setting has visual examples of cycles, recyclers and natural resources LONGER PROJECTS 17 You can use these examples to make connections between for Classroom, Home, or natural and human recycling, and between recycling and Residential Camp preservation of natural resources People coming to parks and Make Your Own Paper 17 nature centers to relax and enjoy the outdoors are generally Earthworm Castles 18 receptive to recycling hints and ideas that will help save the Microbe Garden 20 natural resources they love Mini-Composts 21 Natural Dyes 23 This activity guide book will help you teach about natural recycling, cycles in nature, and the important role people play IDEAS FOR EXHIBITS 24 in recycling The activities
    [Show full text]
  • Paper and Board Packaging Recyclability Guidelines
    FOR THE FU IGN TU ES R D E PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING RECYCLABILITY GUIDELINES PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING RECYCLABILITY GUIDELINES Helping retailers and brands specify and design packaging that can be reprocessed in paper mills 2 PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING RECYCLABILITY GUIDELINES 3 CONTENTS PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING RECYCLABILITY GUIDELINES Paper is a sustainable, renewable and ecologically sound choice for packaging DE because almost all paper and board is recyclable. In practice, the recyclability of 4 Plastic SIG packaging products will be determined by composition and design, and the way N they are collected and presented for reprocessing. The vast majority of paper- based products are easily recyclable. 8 Coatings FO R Paper recycling in the UK is a success story, with over 80% of paper and board 9 Peelable Solutions T packaging recovered for recycling. Paper for Recycling (PfR) is collected primarily H for use in manufacturing processes and is used as an alternative to virgin materials e.g. wood pulp. When presented it should therefore be of adequate quality and 10 Varnishes and Curable Varnishes E Recyclability of paper-based packaging economically viable to use. F As society evolves, different applications are found for paper and board which 11 Adhesives U sometimes require changes to its functionality. This is often achieved by combining 11 Alternative Barriers T the fibre substrate with another material to form a composite multi-layer laminate, U providing properties such as water resistance or a gas barrier to extend product life. These changes provide challenges for recycling, and in many instances can R 97% 12 Paper Products 3% increase the costs of reprocessing and of waste disposal.
    [Show full text]
  • Did You Know That All of These Types of Paper Are Recyclable In
    Did you know that all of these types of paper are recyclable in Massachusetts? MassRecycle has surveyed the paper mills and materials recovery facilities in Massachusetts to determine what types of paper can be recycled. Following is the list of papers that will be accepted by all of these facilities*: • Booklets • Lottery tickets • Books – soft cover • Mail – including junk mail • Boxes – for office supplies, like paper clips • Magazines • Boxes – cereal, shoe, cracker, pasta, etc • Mat board – used in picture framing • Boxes – with plastic windows • Math paper – graph and ledger, etc. • Brochures – including glossy • Newspapers – with or without inserts • Calendars – wall type • Newsprint • Cardboard – corrugated and paperboard • Office and copy paper • Catalogs • Packing paper • Charlie cards – paper MBTA tickets • Paper bags – brown and white • Clasp envelopes • Paper bags – with handles • Colored paper • Paper – lined and white • Construction and kraft paper • Paper towel and toilet paper tubes • Cover and card stock, index cards • Phone Books • Envelopes –plastic windows or labels ok • Photocopies • Fax paper • Pizza boxes – clean, turned inside out • File folders • Post-it notes • Flyers • Receipts • Glossy paper • Shredded paper in paper bags • Greeting cards • Spiral notebooks • Hanging file folders • Writing tablets Remember: You do not need to remove staples, paper clips, tape, spirals or windows from your paper prior to recycling. _______________________________________________________________________________ *If your current program takes more papers than what is on this list, please keep recycling them! The purpose of this list is to include papers common to ALL paper mills and paper recycling programs in Massachusetts. .
    [Show full text]
  • An Invitation to Recycling
    An Invitation to Recycling Begin with recycling, continue with creativity and end with a celebration. GRADES Makes for a good collaborative lesson between Science and Art K–4 teachers. Time Required: 2 class period (90 minutes) without extensions • Gather materials (see activity pages). • One week prior to this activity, have students keep track of all the paper the class uses by saving all paper recycling bins and having students make sure they discard paper products appropriately as part of the data collection process. • You might label several different bins or boxes during this time period to mark the different categories such as: white paper; colored paper; newspaper; cardboard; other. • You might also have students collect and bring in materials like bits of thread, petals from silk flowers, glitter or any- thing else that is tiny and resistant to water. • Make copies of Activity Pages (optional depending on abilities) Have students keep track of the amount of paper they use as a class in a week. Have students come up with reasons they may be keeping track of this. Optional: read a story like The Lorax, by Dr. Seuss (or any other piece of literature or story about saving the environment). Ask students to reflect and consider if the story describes anything that could really hap- pen in our lives. Discuss why humans cut down trees and what trees are used for. • Have students calculate how much paper they use in a week. This can be done in terms of # of sheets of paper, or mass, for example. To save paper, consider projecting this information onto a screen once tabulated.
    [Show full text]
  • Waste Reduction and Recycling Bill 3019
    11 Oct 2011 Waste Reduction and Recycling Bill 3019 Motion agreed to. Bill read a first time. Madam DEPUTY SPEAKER (Ms van Litsenburg): In accordance with standing order 131, the bill is now referred to the Community Affairs Committee. WASTE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING BILL Resumed from 3 August (see p. 2346). Second Reading Hon. VE DARLING (Sandgate—ALP) (Minister for Environment) (12.52 pm): I move— That the bill be now read a second time. Mr POWELL (Glass House—LNP) (12.52 pm): Here we are again—different day, same story, debating another broken Labor election promise. As if the asset sales were not enough, or the fuel tax, or at the federal level the carbon tax, today we debate a waste tax—a business-destroying, anti-waste reduction, anti-recycling, bureaucratic nightmare of a waste tax. It is another cost-of-living increase for each and every Queenslander and Queensland business. Labor is on the record as saying that it had no intention of introducing a waste levy in this term of government—the same as the LNP. When questioned by the South-East Queensland Council of Mayors in the lead-up to the last election, the answer was a clear no. I do not know why I am surprised that Labor has reneged on yet another election promise. What did the Treasurer say about asset sales in the lead-up to the March 2009 election? ‘No, we have no plan to sell off assets.’ What did the Treasurer say about introducing a fuel tax? ‘Make no mistake about it.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Recycling Technology Detailed Part 1A
    Paper Recycling Technology and Science Dr. Richard A. Venditti Paper Science and Engineering Forest Biomaterials Department North Carolina State University Lecture: Paper recycling and technology course introduction and objectives Dr. Richard Venditti Faculty member in the Paper Science and Engineering Program in the Forest Biomaterials Department at North Carolina State University PhD in Chemical Engineering, BS in Pulp and Paper Science and Chemical Engineering Research areas: � Paper recycling � Utilization of forest/agricultural materials for new applications � Life cycle analysis Named a TAPPI Fellow in 2012 Relevant research projects: – The detection of adhesive contaminants – The changes in fibers upon recycling – Automatic sorting of recovered papers – Flotation deinking surfactants – Agglomeration deinking – Screening phenomena and pressure sensitive adhesives – Deposition of adhesive contaminants – Neural networks to control deinking operations – Sludge conversion to bio-ethanol and to bio- materials Course Outline The US Paper Recycling Industry Recovered Paper Grades and Contaminants Effect of Recycling on Fibers/Paper Unit Operations � Pulping, Cleaning, Screening, Washing, Flotation, Dispersion, Bleaching, ….. Image Analysis, Deinking Chemicals System Design Advanced/Additional Topics Course Activities Viewing of the Videos of Lectures � Base lectures by Venditti � Guest lectures from industry leaders Homework assignments Final Exam Critical Issues in Recycling: Going deeper into the recovered paper stream
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf?__Blob=Public Ationfile
    United Nations ECE/TIM/2015/INF.3−FO:EFC/2015/INF.3 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 15 October 2015 Original: English Economic Commission for Europe Food and Agriculture Organization Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry European Forestry Commission Seventy-third session Thirty-eighth session Engelberg, 2–6 November 2015 Engelberg, 2–6 November 2015 Item 6(d) of the provisional agenda Rovaniemi Action Plan implementation Implementation of the Rovaniemi Action Plan for the Forest Sector in a Green Economy Note by the secretariat Summary This document provides an overview of activities reported by several member States and the secretariat/organizations supporting the implementation of the Rovaniemi Action Plan for the Forest Sector in a Green Economy. Delegates will be invited to take note of these activities and to provide guidance on further work to be undertaken and the format of reporting for monitoring the implementation of the Rovaniemi Action Plan. I. Introduction 1. The Rovaniemi Action Plan for the Forest Sector in a Green Economy was adopted on 13 December 2013 at the joint session of the UNECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry and the FAO European Forestry Commission (“Metsä2013”) in Rovaniemi, Finland. 2. The Rovaniemi Action Plan proposes an overall vision, strategies and areas of activity to enhance the transition of the forest sector in the UNECE region towards the emerging green, bio-based economy. GE.15- ECE/TIM/2015/INF.3 FO:EFC/15/INF.3 3. The Rovaniemi Action Plan is not an obligatory tool and is only meant to encourage actions based on the specific principles, objectives and activities, grouped under the following five pillars: • Sustainable production and consumption of forest products; • A low-carbon forest sector; • Decent green jobs in the forest sector; • Long-term provision of Forest Ecosystem Services; and • Policy development and monitoring of the forest sector in relation to a green economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability Report 2019 Contents
    SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2019 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Norske Skog - The big picture 3 Strategic vision and concerns 4 Value chain 5 CEO’s comments 6 THE UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 8 SDG 3 – God health and well-being 9 SDG 4 – Quality education 10 SDG 5 – Gender equality 12 SDG 6 – Clean water and sanitation 14 SDG 7 – Affordable and clean energy 15 SDG 8 – Decent work and economic growth 16 SDG 9 – Industry, innovation and infrastructure 18 SDG 10 – Reduced inequalities 19 SDG 11 – Sustainable cities and communities 20 SDG 12 – Responsible consumption and production 21 SDG 13 – Climate action 24 SDG 15 – Life on land 26 SDG 16 – Peace, justice and strong institutions 28 Consistent quality 29 Renewed trust 30 Editor-in-chief: Martine Bortolotti, Norske Skog Golbey Drafting of content: Stepping Stones, Strasbourg / Norske Skog Golbey Graphic design and creation: bk.no Photo credits: Alain Bonis, Grégory Brandel GRDF, Communication Communauté d’agglomération d’Épinal, Léo-Pol Jacquot, Adrien Kurtz, JL CD88, Michel Laurent, Groupe Maury, Benoit Rajaux, Christophe Voegelé, Norske Skog Golbey photo library Paper: Lenza top recycling white Printing: Deklic Graphique Norske Skog Golbey BP 109, Route Jean-Charles Pellerin, 88194 Golbey cedex, France http://norskeskog-golbey.com/ You can help improve this report by sending your comments to this address: [email protected] Follow us: Linkedin / Facebook / Twitter Date of publication: April 2020 NORSKE SKOG ASA PAPER MILLS 6 IN 5 COUNTRIES Skogn, Norway Saugbrugs, Norway Golbey, France Bruck,
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility of Recycling Timber from Military Industrial Buildings
    Feasibility of Recycling Timber from Military Industrial Buildings Scott F. Lantz Robert H. Falk Abstract This paper discusses an alternative to the demoli- Without mobilization missions to justify their con- tion and landfilling of conventional timber frame tinued maintenance many of these buildings have buildings-the dismantlement and recycling of lum- been standing idle, awaiting disposal. These buildings ber and timber. A case study is presented in which two are estimated to contain hundreds of millions of large buildings at the Twin Cities Army Ammunition board feet of old growth timber and lumber, as well Plant were successfully dismantled and a substantial as a myriad of other components; some of these volume of the timber and lumber recycled. This case components are valuable and/or highly regulated study illustrates several aspects of the recycling proc- with regard to disposal. ess: factors that influence the decision to recycle, The current situation in the military is contrary to regulatory and contractual challenges, labor and the past trend of adding buildings to the industrial safety issues, economic factors that affect the emerg- inventory and continuing to use existing buildings. In ing market for recycled timber and lumber, short- and the past, any disposal of buildings was incidental to long-term advantages and disadvantages of disman- other ongoing operations and as such was often han- tlement as opposed to conventional demolition, and dled on an individual basis, both administratively and recommendations for making the recycling of timber with regard to disposal practices. The typical disposal and lumber elements of excess buildings a feasible practice for such facilities has been demolition, with disposal option.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement 74Th COFFI Final 2016 09 16
    STATEMENT submitted by the Delegation of Germany to the 74th Session of the UNECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry 18 to 20 October 2016 in Geneva Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture Bonn, 2016 1. General economic trends 1 1.1 German economy in good shape Germany is enjoying solid growth. Despite the difficult international environment, Germany’s economy grew by a total of 1.7 % last year. Unemployment is at its lowest level since the country’s reunification. Last year, real gross wages and salaries per employee recorded the highest increase for more than two decades. The budget of the Federation, the Länder, the municipalities and the social insurance funds was close-to-balance in 2015 for the fourth year in succession. Working from what is a fundamentally favourable situation, the Federal Gov- ernment is continuing its economic and fiscal policy aimed at investment and sustainable growth. A key role here is played by digitisation. The Federal Government is embracing the digital transformation and is working with businesses, trade unions, the scientific community and civil society to put the conditions in place for successful digitisation. There is a need to adapt the regulatory framework of the Social Market Economy to the requirements of the digital world and – both at national and at European and international level – to create scope for innovation and to permit the individual to retain control of his/her data. The upturn in the German economy softened somewhat in the second half of last year. The slower growth in the emerging economies meant less dynamic exports and corporate invest- ment.
    [Show full text]