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T Hoen, 35 “3 by 5”, 29 301 Watch List, 34 3TC, 90 a Aaron Diamond AIDS Index ‘t Hoen, 35 antiretroviral therapy, 22 “3 by 5”, 29 Apotex, 155 301 Watch List, 34 apportionment, 44 3TC, 90 Argentina, 158, 342 A Article 30, 31, 42, 190 Ashraf Ghani, 292 Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Asians and Pacific Islanders, 79 324 Atripla, 317 Abbott Laboratories, 48, 161 attempted murder conviction, 334 ABC approach, 129 Aurobindo, 159 absenteeism, 99 Australia, 55 Absolute Component Summed Index, 212 Avahan, 255 Abstinence, 14, 129 avian influenza, 58 abusive relationships, 328, 336 Awareness of HIV status, 313 accumulation, 118 AZT, 68 actors, 106 B actresses, 106 Actuarial projections, 81 bacillary angiomatosis, 8 adenovirus, 6 bacterial sexually transmitted infections, adequate remuneration, 42, 154 112 adherence to treatment, 315 balance between producers and users of administrative burden, 259 patented products, 207 adolescents, 133 balance of payments, 142 adult mortality, 123 Bangkok, 46, 312 Africa, 9 Bangladesh, 312 African Development Bank, 223 bargaining power, 18 African-Americans, 79, 303 Bayer, 155 age of consent, 329 Be Faithful, 129 aggravated assault, 335 behavioral change, 235, 305 Agricultural production, 30 behavioral responses to HIV/AIDS, 14 agricultural production process, 117 Bell, Devarajan, and Gersbach, 116 AIDS drugs, 31 Best Practice AIDS Standard, 250 AIDS prevention activities, 103 best practices, 225 airline traffic, 3 bilateral donors, 217 Al Gore, 30 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 255 alternative livelihoods, 330 Black Death, 6, 116 Aluvia, 51, 161 Black markets, 204 Amendment of the TRIPS Agreement, 194 blood donor screening, 271 American Convention on Human Rights, blood products, 270 344 blood supply, 271 Anand Panyarachun, 47 blood transfusions, 2, 8 Andhra Pradesh, 140 blood-borne transmission, 307 Anglo American, 32 Bloom and Mahal, 116 Antenatal Clinic data, 83 Boldrin and Levine, 170 anthrax, 16 Boldrin-Levine model, 181 anti-competitive practices, 42 Bono, 265 353 354 Index border measures, 338 Chad, 28 Botswana, 28, 118 charitable foundations, 249 Brazil, 10 Chennai, 136 Brazil Ministry of Health, 37 Chiang Mai, 46 breastfeeding, 311 Chikungunya, 5 Bristol-Myers Squibb, 317 child custody laws, 328 British Columbia, 345 China, 40, 144, 272 bubonic and pneumonic plague, 116 Chlamydia, 111 Bulgaria, 308 cholera, 6, 274 burden shifting, 104 Cipla, 158 Burkina Faso, 28, 139 Cipro, 155 Burundi, 28 circumcision, 306 Bush administration, 165 civil servants, 30 Business Strategies, 103 civil society, 223 business strategy, 252 classes of anti-HIV drugs, 315 classification system for insuring lives, 89 C climate change, 5 CAFTA-DR, 17, 165 clinical test data, 165 California, 95 Clinton, 35 Cameroon, 28, 130 Clinton Foundation, 52, 232 campaign contributions, 163 Clinton Foundation HIV/AIDS Initiative, campaign donations, 164 321 Canada, 16 codes of conduct, 345 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, collaborative research, 256 341 Colombia, 166 Canadian Commission of Inquiry on the combination therapy, 73 Blood System in Canada, 271 Combivir, 317 Canadian Human Rights Act, 342 commercial blood collection centers, 272 Canadian Human Rights Commission, 341 Commercial Market Strategies, 250 Canadian Immigration and Refugee commercial sex, 46 Protection Act, 338 commercial sex workers, 9 Canadian Minister of Health, 155 commercial sex workers (CSW), 37 candidiasis, 8 communal security, 30 capital labor ratio, 115 compensation for compulsory licenses, 191 capital per labor unit, 14, 116 compulsory licenses, 16, 17, 39, 153 Caribbean, 27 concentrated epidemics, 235 casual sex, 130 condition of entry, 276 catastrophic events, 97 Condom, 129 catastrophic risk securitization, 97 condom promotin, 14, 147, 305 Catholic Church, 258 condoms, 258 CD4 cell count guidelines, 315 confidentiality, 313 CD4 cell counts, 72 conflict, 312 CD4 cells, 7 Congo, 125 CDC, 6, 292 Congressional Budget Office, 145 Central African Republic, 28 consent to sexual intercourse, 334 Central America-Dominican Republic- consenting adults, 331 United States Free Trade conservative Christian organizations, 21 Agreement, 17, 233 Constitution of Botswana, 343 Central American governments, 162 Constitution of Colombia, 343 Central Asia, 28, 331 Constitution of Costa Rica, 344 cesarean delivery, 309 Constitution of India, 343 Index 355 Constitution of Venezuela, 343 development costs, 180 constitutional law, 342 development needs, 19 consultant fees, 253 development needs of WTO members, 196 cooling off, 95 Diabetes, 19, 70 copyright, 172 diarrhoeal diseases, 173 corrupt politicians, 167 differential pricing, 176 cost of a prevention program, 102 dignity, 277 cost of testing, 74 disability insurance, 104 cost of treatment, 39 discount rate, 94 cost of triple combination antiretroviral discrimination, 25, 234 therapy, 316 discrimination against HIV-positive Costa Rica, 165, 233 employees, 104 Cote d’Ivoire, 28, 99 Discrimination in Employment, 342 Country Coordinating Mechanisms, 240 disproportionate trade restrictions, 278 courts, 334 District of Columbia Health Department, 314 criminal assault, 334 DNA, 7 criminal law, 331 doctors, 105 criminal penalties, 333 Doctors Without Borders, 158 criminal prohibition of sex work, 330 Doha, 42, 156 criminal recklessness, 335 Doha Ministerial Conference, 157 criminal sanctions, 333 Doha Ministerial Declaration, 187 criminalization of HIV transmission, 332 Doha Round, 187 cryptococcal meningitis, 8 Dominican Republic, 28, 165, 324 cryptosporidiosis, 8 donor coordination, 223, 291 Cuba, 347 donor procedures, 222 cultural attitudes, 31 donor strategies, 222 cultural traditions, 328 donors, 222 cultural values, 9, 26, 326 downstream patenting, 180 cytomegalovirus, 8 Drug Resistance, 8, 269, 315 D drug-resistant mutations, 253 drug-resistant tuberculosis, 293 d4T, 90 duty to disclose HIV status, 335 DaimlerChrysler, 32 dysfunctional families, 330 Darfur, 286 Darren James, 106 E data protection, 166 East Asia, 27 David Ho, 324 Eastern Europe, 26, 28, 331 De Beers, 32 Ebola, 275 death benefits, 12 economic crisis, 158 Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and economic development, 13 Public Health, 16 economic growth, 2, 14, 89 democratic institutions, 39 economic inequality, 196 Democratic Republic of Congo, 7 economic rationale for patents, 169 Democrats, 167 economic security, 30 dengue fever, 275 economic welfare, 14, 127 denial, 36, 234 economics of HIV/AIDS vaccines, 324 dentist, 105 Ecuador, 345 Department of Insurance, 95 education, 14 developing country diseases, 172 education campaign, 46 Development Assistance Committee of the efavirenz, 40 OECD, 223 Egypt, 137 356 Index El Salvador, 165, 233 Food and Drug Administration, 72 ELISA, 85 foreign aid, 15 employees, 11, 101 foreign direct investment, 249 Enabling Clause, 196 Framework Document of the Global Fund, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, 239 85 France, 33, 98, 171 epidemiological models, 13 Franklin D. Roosevelt, 73 EPIMODEL, 117 free trade agreements, 17, 153 equality of women, 327 functions of criminal law, 333 Equatorial Guinea, 28 fundamental freedoms, 277 estimated HIV/AIDS prevalence in India, funding practices, 225 81 funding strategies, 217 estimates, 78 future GDP growth rate, 118 estimating the cost of treating, 80 future pandemics, 23 Ethiopia, 28, 104, 312 G Europe, 29, 130 European Commission, 157 GATT Article XX, 276 European Community, 274 gay men, 134 European Convention on Human Rights, GBC, 250 344 GDP per capita, 117 European Union, 16 gender inequality, 312 exclusive marketing rights, 160 gender-based violence, 336 Executive Order, 35 General Accounting Office, 144 exhaustion of intellectual property rights, general population, 12 177 generalized epidemics, 235 exogenous shocks, 238 generic, 39 Exogenous Shocks Facility, 237 generic competition, 41, 316 exports, 15 generic drug manufacturers, 18, 194 external costs, 105 generic drugs, 18 extreme urgency, 42, 154 generic equivalents, 107 generic manufacturers, 18, 194 F George W. Bush, 35, 162 face value, 94 Georgia-Pacific Corp. v. United States Faith-based organizations, 130, 245 Plywood Corp., 43 family income, 123 Germany, 33, 171 Farmanguinho, 40 Ghana, 28 fast-moving pandemic, 107 Gilead Sciences, 317 FDA, 72 Gini coefficient, 115, 211 felonious assault, 334 Global AIDS Program, 293 female condoms, 330 Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS, fertility, 87 104, 250 fertility rates, 14, 124 global business community, 20 financial impact, 67 Global Coalition on Women and AIDS, financial incentives of pharmaceutical 282 companies, 172 global diseases, 18 financial instruments, 67 Global Diseases Detection program, 293 financial reserves, 106 Global Fund, 217 financial risks, 11, 68 Global Fund Evaluation Library, 244 first-line treatment, 315 Global Health Program, 255 fixed cost, 180 Global HIV Prevention Working Group, Florida, 95 256 Index 357 Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, 256, 324 HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, Global Joint Problem-Solving and 80 Implementation Support Team, HIV Nondiscrimination in Travel and 228 Immigration Act, 340 global patents, 203 HIV prevalence, 75 Global Statistics, 26 HIV transmission, 313 Global Task Team on Improving AIDS HIV/AIDS estimates, 12, 83 Coordination Among homogenous risks, 85 Multilateral Institutions and homophobia, 290 International Donors, 222 Honduras, 165, 233 Golden Quadrilateral, 136 Hong Kong, 145 Gonorrhea, 111 hospitals, 105 Growth theory, 115 Hughes Aircraft Co. v. United States, 43 Guatemala, 163, 233 14, 89 Guinea, 28 Human capital, 14, 89, 112 Guinea-Bissau, 7 human
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