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(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2012/074922 Al 7 June 2012 (07.06.2012) W P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every B05B 11/06 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, PCT/US201 1/062236 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (22) International Filing Date: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, 28 November 201 1 (28.1 1.201 1) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (25) Filing Language: English OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, (26) Publication Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 61/417,597 29 November 2010 (29. 11.2010) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US) : SECUR¬ GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, ITY EQUIPMENT CORPORATION [US/US]; 747 Sun UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, Park Drive, Fenton, Missouri 63026 (US). TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (72) Inventors; and LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, (75) Inventors/Applicants (for US only): NANCE, Robert SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, [US/US]; 13033 Barrett Crossing Court, St. Louis, Mis GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). souri 63026 (US). MILLIGAN, Clive [CA/CA]; 5158 48th Avenue, Suite 328, Delta, British Columbia V4K 5B6 Published: (CA). — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) (74) Agent: ROBBINS, Glenn; Spencer Fane Britt & Browne — before the expiration of the time limit for amending the LLP, 1 North Brentwood Blvd., Suite 1000, St. Louis, claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of Missouri 63 105-3925 (US). amendments (Rule 48.2(h)) © (54) Title: DEFENSE SPRAY USING ISOTHIOCYANATE AS AN INGREDIENT ¾ (57) Abstract: A defense spray having an incapacitating effect of shorter duration is provided. The defense spray composition corn prises isothiocyanate as an active ingredient. The source of the isothiocyanate can include wasabi, horseradish oil or mustard. Iso - thiocyanate has a high degree of volatility and readily evaporates. By incorporating isothiocyanate as an active ingredient in compos - itions of the inventive defense spray, it produces an incapacitating effect on a subject that is of shorter duration than that associated with traditional defensive sprays, such as pepper spray and CS tear gas. DEFENSE SPRAY USING ISOTHIOCYANATE AS AN INGREDIENT RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present patent application claims priority benefit of an earlier-filed U.S. provisional patent application of the same title, Serial No. 61/417,597, filed November 29, 2010. The identified earlier-filed application is hereby incorporated by reference into the present application. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0003] The present invention relates to non-lethal defense sprays and crowd control used by law enforcement, corrections institutions, military and security personnel to control resistive and/or violent subjects. [0004] 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART [0005] There exist many types of non-lethal defense sprays used by law enforcement, corrections institutions, military and security personnel to control resistive and/or violent subjects. Such defense sprays include CS tear gas, CN tear gas and red pepper spray. When using such defense sprays, it is desirable and critical that they have sufficient "stopping power" in order to be effective in establishing control over the subject. To achieve that goal, the defense spray must have an appropriate concentration of an active ingredient having the necessary stopping power. For example, red pepper spray must have an appropriate concentration of capsaicinoids to provide the necessary stopping power. Understandably, the higher the concentration level of the capsaicinoid, the greater the stopping power. [0006] Pepper spray has been used as a less lethal inflammatory agent in law enforcement, security and military operations for several decades. It has a definite role for use by officers in controlling subject behavior. However, quite often, officers are hesitant to use pepper spray and other defensive sprays because of their long-lasting effects. The length of time in which the effects are felt is a significant concern given the likely possibility of contamination of fellow officers. Due to the dynamics of the confrontation, other officers may be accidentally sprayed resulting in them having to fight through the discomfort and distraction of the inflammatory agent. Due to the oily compounds and long lasting effects of most capsaicin-based (chili peppers) aerosols, some officers may themselves become incapacitated for a considerable amount of time by misdirected spray. If this occurs, the afflicted officers then become a protracted hazard to their own and the other assisting-officers' safety. Some aerosol defense sprays have a very long-lasting effect and can take an extremely long time to de-contaminate (even when using counter-acting decontamination solutions). Aside from the most important aspect (possible officer safety issues) this further results in a loss of productive time and effective resource management (such as immediate re-deployment of officers after the arrest). [0007] Defense sprays may also render the intended subject incapacitated well beyond the time necessary to place the subject under control. With respect to red pepper spray, the higher the concentration level of capsaicinoids, the greater the stopping power. However, higher concentrations of capsaicinoids means a longer decontamination period. Once an offending subject is apprehended, it may be counterproductive for the apprehended subject to continue to suffer effects of the incapacitating spray if those effects render the subject unable to cooperate. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0008] The present teachings include compositions for a defense spray having an incapacitating effect of shorter duration. In accordance with the invention, an embodiment of the defense spray composition includes isothiocyanate as an active ingredient. The source of isothiocyanate can include wasabi, horseradish oil, or mustard. Alternatively, the isothiocyanate may be produced synthetically. [0009] Isothiocyanate has a high degree of volatility and readily evaporates. By incorporating isothiocyanate as an active ingredient in compositions of the inventive defense spray, it produces an incapacitating effect on a subject that is of shorter duration than that associated with traditional defensive sprays, such as pepper spray and CS tear gas. Accordingly, the inventive defense spray composition provides a strategically useful tool in the deployment of non-lethal force that enables law enforcement and other like personnel to achieve their control objectives in an effective and efficient manner. Furthermore, the shorter duration of the incapacitating effect minimizes collateral disruptive effects that can otherwise be caused by a longer-lasting defense spray weapon. The inventive defense spray composition permits relatively rapid decontamination so that accidentally-sprayed colleagues may quickly be treated for relief from the debilitating aspects of the spray, and controlled subjects may be quickly treated for relief from incapacitation so that they are physically able to cooperate with the apprehending personnel. [0010] In accordance with an aspect of the invention, the defense spray composition comprises a carrier solvent and an isothiocyanate compound of the formula: wherein R may be selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, allyl, and alkylthioalkyl. The defense spray composition may include propellants generally known to those skilled in the art. [0011] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a weak acid may be included in the composition to provide stability and to control the volatility of the isothiocyanate ingredient. Additionally, emulsifiers may be added to the composition to enhance the solubility of the ingredients. [0012] In a preferred embodiment, the defense spray composition comprises 0.1% to 20% Horseradish oil, and a solvent system. The solvent system can be comprised of 5% to 10% Propylene Glycol, 1% to 5% Polysorbate 80, 15% to 25% Ethanol, 50% to 65% water. The composition may also contain other incapacitants such as CS Tear Gas, CN Tear gas or Oleoresin Capsicum (red pepper) with the Horseradish oil. The composition can be delivered via an aerosol propellant such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, compressed air, HFC 134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane) or any other commercially available propellants. A marking dye may also be added to the composition. [0013] Another aspect of the invention is to provide a defense spray composition whereby the duration of the incapacitating effects can be controlled to have a shorter duration than that provided with other defense sprays such as red pepper. By modifying the concentration of the isothiocyanate ingredient, the duration of the incapacitating effects can be controlled. [0014] These and other important features, aspects and advantages of the present teachings will become better understood with reference to the following description, examples and appended claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0015] The defense spray composition of the present invention provides a strategic tool for law enforcement and correctional personnel by enabling the deployment of a non-lethal spray that delivers an incapacitating effect of relatively short duration.
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