CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. proposes expansion of dyes & chemical manufacturing unit at Block No-484, 502, 503-A, 504 & 505, N.H.No.8, Palsana-394315, Dist.: Surat, Gujarat. As per EIA Notification 2006, the proposed project is categorized as A, 5(f), Synthetic Organic Chemicals industry (Located outside the Notified Industrial Area).
This Environmental Impact Assessment study is carried out as a part of the process to obtain Environmental Clearance for the above-mentioned project. A mitigation plan has been prepared and a detailed environmental management plan (EMP) is drawn out to effectively mitigate or minimize potentially adverse environmental impacts.
The EIA/EMP Report has been prepared in line with Terms of Reference (ToR) suggested by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) MoEF & CC, vide Letter No. IA-J-11011/517/2017-IA-II(I) Dated:-09th December 2017 attached as an Annexure-I and its compliance status is listed in Table 1.1.
1.2 PURPOSE OF EIA The purpose of the EIA study is to critically analyze the manufacturing process of products, proposed to be manufactured with reference to types and quantity of different raw material consumption, possible source of wastewater, air emission and hazardous waste generation, control measures to reduce the pollution and to delineate a comprehensive environment management plan along with recommendations in proposed environment management system.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF EIA The main objectives of the study are: a) To assess the background environmental status in and around project site. b) To identify potential sources of pollution. c) To predict and evaluate the impact on environment along with pollution control measures taken. d) To prepare a comprehensive Environment and Disaster Management Plan.
1.4 METHODOLOGIES FOR EIA Taking into consideration proposed project activities and guidelines, an area of 10 Km radius from the center of the project has been selected and is designated as the study area for the purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan studies. This EIA/EMP report has been prepared based on the following: 1. As per CPCB guidelines. 2. EIA Guidance Manual for Form-I as per EIA notification, 2006 & amended. 3. Terms of Reference awarded by EAC, MoEF&CC 4. Observations made by M/s. Envision environmental Services, Surat. During visits to the study area and collection of primary and secondary environmental data.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-2 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
FIGURE 1.1 ACTIVITIES, SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND CONTENTS OF EIA REPORT
BOARD
TION
WATER
OF SOURCE INFORMA
GROUND
ASSESSMENT REPORT
PROJECT REPORT PROJECT ANNUAL CENTRAL (SPCB) BOARD CONTROL STATE POLLUTION DEPT ENGINEERING HEALTH PUBLIC DEPARTMENT AGRICULTURE EXCHANGE EMPLOYMENT OF INDIA CENSUS DESCRIPTION FACILITY FOREST DEPARTMENT FOREST DEPARTMENT IRRIGATION CENTER HEALTH DEPT METEOROLOGICAL INDIAN CENTRE INFORMATION ENVIRONMETAL MARKET
SAFETY, HEALTH AND GUIDELINES ENVIRONMENTAL BY DIRECTOR POLICY GENERAL OF FACTORY OF LABOR MINISTRY SAFETY,
OF
SELINE PLANT STATUS IMPACT BA IMPACTS PROPOSED DISASTER STATUS and STATUS STUDIES and and STUDIES ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW
A. STUDIES I. E. INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE RISK ASSESSMENT RISK OF METHODOLOGY MANAGEMENT PLAN MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN MANAGEMENT
IMPACTS
ECONOMIC - OF
BY MATRIX METHOD METHOD MATRIX BY
ASSESSMENT
ACTIVITIES
AND
DATA ON METEOROLOGY, SOCIO PLANT PROPOSED OF SURVEY RECONNAISSANCE AIR,SOIL AND OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING LEVELS NOISE AND AMENITIES BASIC AND STATUS WITH LOCALS INTERVIEWS AND VISITS SITE IDENTIFICATION IMPACTS OF EVALUATION DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLAN, AIR POLLUTION CONTROL, HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT, GREEN PROGRAM MONITORING BELT DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS CONSEQUENCE PREPARATION OF PLAN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-3 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
1.4.1 BASE LINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION The samples of ambient air, ground and surface water and soil are collected and analyzed as per the standard methods for establishing the baseline data and to determine the impact of proposed activity on the same.
1.4.1.1 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT The air environment around the plant was studied by setting up Air pollution measuring devices within the study area of 10 Km radius from the project site and by collecting & monitoring the site specific meteorological data, viz. wind speed, wind direction, humidity, rainfall and ambient temperature. Design of network for ambient air quality monitoring locations is based on guidelines provided by CPCB. The ambient air samples were collected and analyzed for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and VOCs for identification, prediction, evaluation and assessment of potential impact on ambient air environment.
1.4.1.2 GROUND AND SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENT The water required for domestic and industrial use will be met through Sachin GIDC. To assess the Physico- chemical quality of the water, samples were collected from different locations and analyzed for pollution parameters viz. pH, TDS, Turbidity, BOD3, COD, Fluorides, Chlorides, Sulphate, Nitrates, Total hardness, Alkalinity, Pesticides, Oil and Grease and some heavy metals in order to find out the contamination, if any.
1.4.1.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise pollution survey was conducted in the study zone for evaluating proposed project site. The anticipated noise sources were industrial activities, which are likely to be increased due to proposed activity. Noise levels were also recorded in surrounding villages for evaluating general scenario of the study area. Hourly equivalent sound levels (Leq.) were also recorded for calculating Day and Night noise levels in the surrounding villages.
1.4.1.4 SOIL ENVIRONMENT Soil sampling and analysis was carried out to assess Physico-chemical characteristics of the soils and delineate existing cropping pattern, existing land use and topography, within the study area.
1.4.1.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Keeping in view, the importance of biological component of total environment due to the proposed project, biological characterization of terrestrial and aquatic environments, changes in species diversity of flora and fauna in terrestrial as well as aquatic systems were studied for impact analysis due to proposed project activity, if any.
1.4.1.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Demographic and related socio-economic data was collected from census handbook to assess socio-economic status of the study area. Assessment of impact on significant historical, cultural, and archeological sites/places in the area and economic and employment benefit arisen out from the proposed project is given special attention.
1.4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTION SOURCE Detailed study of manufacturing process for proposed production scenario is carried out along with input and output of materials, water and wastewater as well as infrastructure facilities available.
1.4.3 EVALUATION OF POLLUTION CONTROL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The qualitative and quantitative analysis of various pollution sources as well as evaluation of pollution control system is carried out.
1.4.4 EVALUATION OF IMPACT A widespread assessment of environmental impact with reference to proposed project activities is carried out.
1.4.5 PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN An inclusive Environmental Management Plan has been prepared covering all the aspects of pollution prevention measures, Air and Water Pollution Control measures, Hazardous Waste Management, Environmental Surveillance and Environmental Management Plan. The present report is EIA/EMP, conducted during the study period 1st Oct 2017 to 31st Dec 2017. The baseline environmental conditions have been established through field monitoring and literature survey. The contents of EIA report, details of data collection and source of secondary data are presented in figure-1.1.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-4 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
1.5 STRUCTURE OF REPORT The objective of the EIA study is a preparation of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) report based on the guidelines of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and CPCB. It incorporates the following.
Chapter-1 It is an Introduction to the Industry, their premises and surrounding areas. It also expresses the basic objectives and methodologies for EIA studies and work to be covered under each Environmental component. Chapter-2 It presents a Description of Project and Infrastructure facilities including all industrial and environmental aspects of M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd..; during operation phase activities as well as Expansion of Existing product. This chapter also gives information about raw material storage and handling, water and wastewater quantitative details, air pollution and control system, Hazardous Waste generation, storage facility and disposal and utilities for Expansion of Existing facilities of plant. It also provides information about Expansion of Existing Environmental Management Facilities for the project. Covers Baseline Environmental Status including meteorological details, Identification of Chapter-3 baseline status of Environmental components of the surrounding area covering air, water and land environment, study of land use pattern, Biological Environment and Socio- Economic Environment giving details about District and the study area in terms of land use pattern, biological environment, and socio-economic environment. Chapter-4 Deals with Identification and Prediction of Impact, which provides quantification of significant impacts of the Expansion of Existing manufacturing activities of plant on various environmental components. Evaluation of the Modernization & Expansion of existing pollution control facilities has been presented. Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) Chapter-5
Describes Environment Monitoring Plan to be adopted for mitigation of anticipated adverse Chapter- 6 impacts if any and to ensure acceptable impacts.
Describes Additional Studies in which the risk analysis and disaster management plan is Chapter-7 discussed.
Entitled Projects Benefits gives the scheme about all the benefits of the project. Chapter 8
Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis Chapter-9
Gives the information of Environmental Management Plan for the Expansion of Existing Chapter-10. project
Entails about the Summary and Conclusion. Chapter-11
Furnishes the information about Consultant Engaged to study and preparation of EIA report Chapter-12 for M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-5 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
1.6 COMPLIANCE TO TOR M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. proposes expansion of dyes & chemical manufacturing unit at Block No-484, 502, 503-A, 504 & 505, N.H.No.8, Palsana-394315, and Dist.: Surat, Gujarat.
The project was presented in detail before concerned authorities on the salient features of the project and proposed environmental protection measures to be undertaken along with the draft Term of References for the preparation of EIA/EMP report. All Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry located outside the notified industrial area/estate are listed at S.N. 5(f) under category ‘A’ and appraised at Central level. Terms of Reference (TOR) suggested by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) MoEF & CC vide Letter No. IA-J- 11011/517/2017-IA-II(I), Dated 09th December, 2017; is attached an Annexure-I.
The Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) MoEF&CC prescribed the TORs listed below for the preparation of EIA/EMP report and their compliance are listed in Table 1.1.
TABLE 1.1: COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE
TOR TERMS OF REFERENCE COMPLIANCE PAGE NO. No. A. Standard ToR 1 Executive summary. Complied. Page Executive summary is No.XXV incorporated in EIA report. 2 Introduction. i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET Complied. Page No.262 accreditation Details of the EIA 659 & 660 consultant please refer chap-12, Annexure- XXXIV_NABET Certificate Also attached validity extension letter from NABET as Annexure- XXXV ii. Information about the project proponent Complied. Page no.2-18 Please refer section 2.3 of chapter-2. ii. Importance and benefits of the project Complied. Page no.8- Please refer Chap-8. 228 3 Project Description i. Cost of project and time of completion Complied. Page no.2-19 Please refer, section 2.3.1 & 2.4 of chapter- 2. ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project Complied. Page no.2-16 Please refer Table 2.1 of chapter-2. iii. If expansion project, details of existing products Complied. Page no.2-16 with capacities and whether adequate land is Please refer Table 2.1 & 20 & 273 available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if & 2.5 of chapter-2. any Annexure-II iv. List of raw materials required and their source Complied. Page no.2-25 along with mode of transportation. Please refer Table 2.7 & 27 & 2.8 of chapter-2. V. Other chemicals and materials required with N.A -- quantities and storage capacities vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste Complied. Page no.2- generation and their management. Please refer Section- 33, 38 & 2-
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-6 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
2.8.1, 2.8.2.3 & Table- 43,44 2.14, 2.17 & 2.21 of chapter-2. vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of Complied. Page no.20, supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, For requirement of 30, 31, 32, man-power requirement (regular and contract) water, source & water 33 & 415 balance diagram please refer Table-2.5 & 2.10 fig. 2.7 For power requirement & its source, please refer Table-2.11, For Man-power requirement , please refer Table-2.13 of chapter-2 Please refer Annexure- IX viii. Process description along with major equipments Complied. Page no. and machineries, process flow sheet (quantative) Manufacturing Process 277-375 from raw material to products to be provided attached in Annexure- III ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed Complied. Page no.7- safety system Please refer Table 7.2, 157 & 7-171 7.3, 7.4 of chapter-7. & 178 x. Expansion/modernization proposals: c. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) Complied. Page no.273, including Amendments thereto obtained for the Copy of EC attached as 386, 389 & project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an an Annexure-II 409 Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Copy of Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the EC Compliance Ministry of Environment and Forests as per attached as an circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of Annexure-V compliance of conditions stipulated in all the Copy of CCA attached existing environmental clearances including as Annexure-VI Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status Copy of CC&A of compliance of Consent to Operate for the compliance attached as ongoing existing operation of the project from an Annexure-VII SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report d. In case the existing project has not obtained Complied. Page no.409 environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC Copy of CCA under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 Compliance attached as and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. an Annexure-VII Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 6 Site Details i. Location of the project site covering village, Complied. Page no.2-17 Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for Please refer Section 2.2 & 20 selecting the site, whether other sites were & 2.5.1, the proposed considered. project is an expansion within the project site, not alternative site has been considered for the expansion project. All
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-7 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
the infrastructure facilities are already available within the site. ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km Complied. Page no.3-55 and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an Please refer Fig 3.6 of & 662 A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and chapter and as environmentally sensitive places) Annexure- XXXVII iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site. Complied. -- Since the proposed project is within existing premises no option analysis for site selection. iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the Complied. Page no.2-21 site. Please refer section 2.5.1 of Chapter-2. v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. Complied. Page no.3-49 Please refer Fig 3.2 & & 50 3.3 of chapter-3. vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as Complied. Page no.2-24 proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, Please refer Fig 2.5 of greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an chapter-2. Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. Vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if Complied. Page no.2-16 applicable) plant site. If existing, show Please refer Fig 2.1 of photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular chapter-2. Viii. Land use break-up of total land of the project site Complied. Page no.2-29 (identified and acquired), government/ private - Please refer section 2.7 & 3-77 agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, of chapter 2 for project settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for site. industrial area Please refer table 3.19 & Fig3.15 of chapter-3 for study area. ix. A list of major industries with name and type Complied. Page no.2-46 within study area (10km radius) shall be Please refer Table 2.22 incorporated. Land use details of the study area of chapter-2 x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of Complied. Page no.3-58 the study area shall be included. Please refer Section & 59 3.5.6 & 3.5.8 of chapter-3 xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius Complied. Page no.3-56 of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of Please refer Section any major river, peak and lean season river 3.5.5, Fig 3.7 & 3.8 of discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency chapter-3. based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not Complied. Page no.540 complete, stage of the acquisition process and Land document expected time of complete possession of the land. Attached as Annexure- XVII xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state R&R - NA Government policy 5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable):
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-8 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land NA NA (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon. v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife. 6 Environmental Status i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the Complied. Page no.3- project site and site-specific micrometeorological Please refer Section 3.4 51, 52 & 53 data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly For site specific wind speed and direction and rainfall. meteorological data table 3.2 of chapter-3 ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for Complied Page no.3- PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other Please refer Section 61, 62, & 64 parameters relevant to the project shall be 3.6.3 Table 3.7, 3.8 fig collected. The monitoring stations shall be based 3.13 of chapter-3. CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre- dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of Complied. Page no.3-64 all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Please refer section & 671 Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., 3.6.4 & Table 3.8 & average and 98% values for each of the AAQ Raw data of all AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should measurement for 12 be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. weeks of all stations attached as Annexure- XLI iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m Complied. Page no.3-65 upstream and downstream of discharge point) and Please refer section 3.7, & 67 other surface drains at eight locations as per Table 3.11 of chapter-3. CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of NA -- river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 Complied. Page no.3-65 locations shall be included. Please refer section 3.7, & 69 Table 3.12 of chapter-3. vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the Complied. Page no.3- study area. Please refer Section 70, 71 & 72 3.8.3, table 3.14, 3.15
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-9 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
fig 3.14(A&B) of chapter-3. viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines Complied. Page no.3-73 Please refer section & 74 3.10 & Table 3.18 of chapter-3. ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, Complied. Page no.3-73 frequency of vehicles for transportation of Please refer Section 3.9 materials, additional traffic due to proposed of chapter-3. project, parking arrangement etc. x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial Complied. Page no.3-88 and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be Please refer Section given with special reference to rare, endemic and 3.13, Table 3.22 to 3.33 endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found of chapter-3. within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished xi. Socio-economic status of the study area Complied. Page no.3-80 Please refer Section 3.12 of chapter-3. 7 Impact and Environment Management Plan i. Assessment of ground level concentration of Complied. Page no.4- pollutants from the stack emission based on site- Details of the model 107, 112 & specific meteorological features. In case the project used and the input data 118 is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling used for modeling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain given in Section 4.3.2, characteristics for determining the potential Contours-Figure 4.1 to impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative 4.6 for. Table 4.3 to 4.5 impact of all sources of emissions (including of Chapter-4. transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in NA. Page no.430 water body Final discharge will be CETP of NPICSL, however study of discharge point of CETP & Modeling is attached as Annexure- XII iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and Complied. Page no.2-25 end products on the surrounding environment shall Raw materials be assessed and provided. In this regard, options transportation given in for transport of raw materials and finished products Table 2.7 of chapter-2. and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or convey or cum-rail transport shall be examined. iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different Complied. Page no.2- plant operations, extent recycled and reused for Please refer Section 33, 34 & 35 different purposes shall be included. Complete 2.8.1,effluent scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of characteristic-Table untreated and treated effluent to meet the 2.15, ETP Detail-Table prescribed standards of discharge under E (P) 2.16, ETP Dia-Fig 2.8 Rules. of chapter-2. v. Details of stack emission and action plan for Complied. Page no.2- control of emissions to meet standards Please refer section 37,38,40 & 2.8.2, Table 2.17,2.18 41
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-10 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
& 2.19 of chapter-2. vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Complied. Page no.2-43 Please refer Section 2.8.2.3 of chapter-2. vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their Complied. Page no.10- storage, utilization and management. Copies of Please refer Section 241,247 & MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous 10.3.2.4 & 10.3.2.10 423 waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP Hazardous waste shall include the concept of waste-minimization, generation and recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy management given in conservation, and natural resource conservation. Table 10.4 Membership with TSDF for Solid waste disposal is attached as Annexure -X viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Complied. Page no.10- Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of Please refer Section 242 & 526 action shall be provided. 10.3.2.4 of chapter-10. Also attached MOU with brick manufactures as Annexure-XIV ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in Complied Page no.10- 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees Please refer Section 243, 244 & per ha. Giving details of species, width of 10.3.2.6, Table:10.6 & 245 plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be 10.5 of chapter-10. included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at Complied. Page no.10- plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater Please refer Section 239 from the roof tops and storm water drains to 10.3.2.2 of chapter-10. recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for Complied. Page no.10- environmental pollution control measures shall be Please refer section 250 included. 10.5 & Table 10.9 of chapter-10. xii. Action plan for post-project environmental Complied. Page no. 10- monitoring shall be submitted. Please refer section 250 10.6 & Table 10.10 of & 6-144 chapter-10 Also refer Chapter-6 xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man- Complied. Page no.7- made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Please refer Section 7.9 199 Plan including Risk Assessment and damage of chapter-7. control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8 Occupational health i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational Complied. Page no.7- health & safety of all contract and casual workers Please refer Section 224 & 10- 10.3.2.8 & Table 10.7 247 for fund allocation. For plan please refer section 7.9.12 of chapter-7
ii. Details of exposure specific health status Complied. Page no.617 evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is Please refer Periodic
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being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x- medical checkup rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far Annexure- XXVI & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. Complied. Page no.7- What are the exposure levels of hazards and Please refer Table 7.1, 155, 157 & whether they are within Permissible Exposure level 7.2 & 7.3 of chapter-7. 172 (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, iv. Annual report of heath status of workers with Complied. Page no.617 special reference to Occupational Health and Please refer Periodic Safety medical checkup Annexure- XXVI 9 Corporate Environment Policy i. Does the company have a well laid down Yes. Page no.632 Environment Policy approved by its Board of Environment Policy & Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA ISO Certificates report attached as Annexure- XXVII ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for Yes. Page no.10- standard operating process / procedures to bring Please refer section 248 & 249 into focus any infringement / deviation / violation 10.4 & Table-10.8 of of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? chapter-10 EHS cell & If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. responsibility. iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative Complied. Page no.10- order of the company to deal with the Please refer section 248 environmental issues and for ensuring compliance 10.4 of chapter-10 EHS with the environmental clearance conditions? cell & responsibility. Details of this system may be given iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non Complied. Page no. 10- compliances / violations of environmental norms to Please refer section 248 the Board of Directors of the company and / or 10.4 of chapter-10 EHS shareholders or stakeholders at large? This cell & responsibility. reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as Noted & Will be -- sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour complied. force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase 11 i. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) Complied. Page no.10- Company will 245 contribute 91.53 Lacs for five years CSR plan. Please refer section 10.3.2.7 of chapter-10 12 Any litigation pending against the project and/or any Yes. Page no.599 direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the Company received a project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has closure notice under the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of section 5 of EPA, 1986 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections in 2017 for online of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and monitoring system, it compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the was revoked case immediately. Attached as Annexure- XXII
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-12 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
13 A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of Complied. Page no.1-6 above TOR. Please refer section 1.6 of Chapter-1 B SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE 1 Details on solvents to be used, measures for solvent Complied. Page no.376 recovery and for emissions control. Please refer attached Annexure-IV for solvent recovery. 2 Details of process emissions from the proposed unit and Complied. Page no.2- its arrangement to control. Please refer section 37, 38, 40, 2.8.2, Table:2.17,2.18 42 & 43 2.19 & 2.20 of chapter- 2 3 Ambient air quality data should include VOC, other Complied. Page no.3-64 process-specific pollutants* like NH3*, chlorine*, HCl*, Please refer section & 671 HBr*, H2S*, HF*,etc.,(*-as applicable) 3.6.4 & Table 3.8 & Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations attached as Annexure- XLI 4 Work zone monitoring arrangements for hazardous Complied. Page no.6- chemicals. Please refer section-6.2 144 of chapter-6. 5 Detailed effluent treatment scheme including segregation Complied. Page no.2- of effluent streams for units adopting 'Zero' liquid Please refer Section 33, 34 & 35 discharge. 2.8.1, Effluent characteristic- Table 2.15, ETP Detail- Table 2.16, ETP Dia- Fig 2.17 of chapter-2. 6 Action plan for odour control to be submitted. Complied. Page no.10- Please refer Section- 238 10.3.2.1.2 of chapter- 10. 7 A copy of the Memorandum of Understanding signed with NA -- cement manufacturers indicating clearly that they co- process organic solid/hazardous waste generated. 8 Authorization/Membership for the disposal of liquid Complied. Page no.423 effluent in CETP and solid/hazardous waste in TSDF, if Membership with & 429 any. TSDF / CETP for Solid waste disposal is attached as Annexure-X & XI 9 Action plan for utilization of MEE/dryers salts. NA -- 10 Material Safety Data Sheet for all the Chemicals are being Complied. -- used/will be used. MSDS of all chemicals attached as CD 11 Authorization/Membership for the disposal of Complied. Page no.423 solid/hazardous waste in TSDF. Membership with TSDF for Solid waste disposal is attached as Annexure-X 12 Details of incinerator if to be installed. NA --- 13 Risk assessment for storage and handling of hazardous Complied. Page no.192, chemicals/solvents. Action plan for handling & safety Please refer Section 157, 171 & system to be incorporated. 7.8.6, 7.8.7 & table 7.2, 178 7.3, 7.4 of Chapter-7.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-13 Report No. 1718A058 Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
14 Arrangements for ensuring health and safety of workers Complied. Page no. engaged in handling of toxic materials. Please refer Section 192, 157, 7.8.6, 7.8.7 & table 7.2, 171 & 178 7.3, 7.4 of Chapter-7.
1.7 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK SN ACTIVITY ACPECT LEGAL REGULATION 1. Manufacturing Dust Factory License Heavy machinery Noise The Factories Act, 1948 Steam Boiler Accidents The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) HAG Gas emission Act, 1974 and Rules, 1975, as amended to date. Cooling tower Water The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) D.G. Sets pollution Cess Act, 1977 and Rules, 1978, as amended to Washing date. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Rules, 1982, as amended to date. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 as amended to date Noise Pollution (Regulation And Control) Rules, 2000 The Bureau of Indian Standards Act The Custom Act, 1962 2. Storage of product Noise The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, and raw material Accidents 1981 and Rules, 1982, as amended to date. Gas emission The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical rules, 1989, as amended to date. The Explosive Act, 1884 and rules, 1983 as amended to date. Chemical accidents (Emergency Planning, preparedness and response) Rules, 1996 3. Transportation of Dust Chemical accidents (Emergency Planning, raw material and Noise preparedness and response) Rules, 1996 products Accidents The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 & The Central Gas emission Motor Vehicle rules, 1989 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Rules, 1982, as amended to date. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules, 1986, as amended to date The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 as amended to date 4. Recruitment Social Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and Rules, 1991 as amended to date The Factories Act,1948 as amended by the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987 (Act 20 of 1987) Gujarat Factories rules, 1963
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH-2018 1-14 Report No. 1718A058
CHAPTER-2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION & INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) CHAPTER – 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES
2.1 INTRODUCTION The Gujarat region is expected to continue with increased focus on industrial development and infrastructure activity. The current growth trends are expected to continue. The proposed products are Import substitute and almost consumed in the Indian market only, Indian consumption growth will continue to be there, considering demographic ratio in favor of youth.
M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. has a very strong and experienced after sales service which are also known as Technical Service Department (TSD) which guides customer to obtain better results from our products. M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd has proposed expansion of dyes & chemical manufacturing unit at Block No-484, 502, 503-A, 504 & 505, N.H.No.8, Palsana-394315, Dist.: Surat, Gujarat, Production Capacity of proposed project is given in following Table-2.1. TABLE 2.1 DETAILS OF PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY SR. NAME OF Existing Proposed Total after expansion NO. PRODUCTS (MT/ MONTH) (MT/ MONTH) (MT/ MONTH) 1 S.O. Dyes 250 650 900 2 Dispersing Agent 1500 0 1500 3 Textile Auxiliaries 2125 -2125 0 (Products will be discontinued) 4 Hydros & Specialty 1000 -1000 0 (Products will be discontinued) Chemicals 5 Dyes Intermediate 400 350 750 Total 3150 OR 1 Formulated SO Dyes - 2400 2400 2 Dyes Intermediate 400 350 750 Total 3150 FIGURE 2.1 PHOTOGRAPHS OF PROPSED MANUFACTURING & EXISTING UNIT OF DISPERSE DYES
a) Proposed Site b) Existing Manufacturing Plant
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-16 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) c) Green Belt Nr. Boundary d) Green Belt within plant boundary
e) Parking Area f) Site Visit
2.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT Proposed project site is located at Block No-484, 502, 503-A , 504 & 505, N.H.No.8, Palsana-394315, Dist.: Surat, Gujarat. There is no any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project.
The following points are justifying the proposed project: Existing Indian production, are not enough to cater the needs of Indian Consumer, hence Chinese products are also making dent in the Indian markets, though they are costly due to logistic cost and are not able to provide wide range of choices to the Indian Customers. Present capacity is negligible in terms of overall demand in the world, so a huge market, and considering our high quality products as well customization of product, we don’t foresee any hurdle in marketing of product. The proposed plant will be located near user Textile Industry, hence it provides logistic support as well as customize quantity in small quantities can also be supplied to the customer, which give company a clear edge compared to Chinese Imports, which cannot be supplied in small quantities coupled with time consumed on import. Since the project site is located in Palsana and other Dye Intermediate units, dyeing and printing industries functional in that area. The Palsana is well connected through air, water and roadways. There is no any wildlife sanctuary and national parks within 10 km radius from the proposed site. All basic and infrastructure facilities are available in Palsana. Manpower is also easily available from the nearby area. The products of M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Palsana are raw material for dyeing and printing industries; therefore, huge scope of supply of product from proposed manufacturing plant is predicted.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-17 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) The proposed plant will be located near user Industry, hence it provides logistic support as well as customize quantity in small quantities can also be supplied to the customer, which give company a clear edge compared to Chinese Imports, which cannot be supplied in small quantities coupled with time consumed on import. M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. has a very strong and experienced after sales service which are also known as Technical Service Department (TSD) which guides customer to obtain better results from our products. Market for disperse dyes is growing @ 10% per annum, and there are only two major producers in the Industry. The continuous technological research and product development and superior after sales services will ensure increase in market share and eventually better net sales realization. Strong presence in the value added product. Wide range of product to meet customized need. Long standing relationships with leading consumer Industries.
2.3 PROMOTERS AND THEIR BACKGROUND Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Private Limited (SDCPL), the flagship company of Surat based Pratibha Group, was promoted by Mr. M. K. Chaudhary in 1989. At present the Board, consisting of 4 Directors, who will manage SDCPL. As per the Articles of Association, the Board shall consist of minimum of 2 and maximum of 11 members. Brief details of the directors on the Board are furnished below:
TABLE 2.2 DIRECTORS’ BACKGROUND S. NAME OF THE DIRECTOR AGE QUALIFICATION EXPERIENCE NO. 1. Mahendrakumar C. Chaudhary 59 Mechanical Engineer 38 years 2. Yogesh R. Gupta 48 Commerce graduate 28 years 3. Avneep V. Bansal 45 Chemical Engineer 24 years 4. Hardutt Singh M. Tarar 58 Arts Graduate 28 years
Mr. M. K. Chaudhary, aged 52 years, a Mechanical Engineer by profession, started his career with the textile business. He has more than 38 years of experience in the textile processing, printing, embroidery and manufacturing of dyes. He is the founder of Pratibha group and is responsible for making it one of the biggest groups under textiles in Surat. He is the Chairman and Managing Director of the Pratibha group of industries. He is a man of high virtues and holds many prestigious posts in society and also actively involved in Corporate Social Responsible (CSR) activities. He is also serving as a Chairman of National Executive Committee of Friends of Tribal Society (FTS) West Zone which comprises State of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa and Madhya Pradesh. Friends of Tribal Society (FTS), a non-government, voluntary organization is committed to the upliftment of tribal and other deprived in rural India, by providing basic education to their children and giving the villagers health care education, development education and empowerment education.
Mr. Yogesh Gupta, aged 42 years, a Commerce graduate by profession, started his career with the textile business. He has more than 28 years of experience in manufacturing of dyes. He looks after the Finance, Sales and Administration of the company.
Mr. Avneep Bansal, aged 38 years, a Chemical Engineer by profession, started his career with the textile business. He has more than 24 years of experience in textile and manufacturing of dyes. He looks after the production and project implementation of the company.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-18 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) Mr. Harduttsingh Tarar, aged 53 years, a Arts Graduate by profession, started his career with the textile business. He has more than 28 years of experience in textile and manufacturing of dyes. He looks after the production and maintenance and on site project implementation of the company.
2.3.1 PROJECT IMPLIMENTATION SCHEDULE
Implementation of Project within a pre-determined time frame is an important factor for the success of a project. Timely implementation saves on various costs like interest, administrative overheads and helps to realize the goals as per pre-determined objectives. Implementation of Project involves co-ordination of different activities at various levels of the firm and amongst different outside agencies. We are giving here under the details of the Project Implementation.
From the date of start, the implementation schedule envisages completion of project in 18 months. It is considered that preliminary activities such as obtaining necessary statutory clearance for proposed project and financial arrangements for the implementation of the project will be made at proper dates.
The major activities to be carried out at site during project work are as follows:
TABLE 2.3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE S.NO. WORK IMPLEMENTATION TIME 1. Construction work 9 Months 2. Machinery installation 4 Months 3. Recruitment process 1 Month 4. Commissioning 2 Month 5. Operation and functions 2 Month Total 18 months
2.4 PROJECT COST
The project cost for proposed manufacturing unit of Disperse Dyes for Civil, Machineries and Storage is 4757.83 Lakhs. Break up of proposed project cost is given in following Table 2.4.
TABLE 2.4 BREAK UP FOR THE PROPOSED INVESTMENT S. NO. COST OF PROJECT COST (RS. IN LACS) 1 Land and Site development 300.0 2 Factory Building 698.76 3 Plant & Machineries 3389.52 4 Furniture’s 173.04 5 Greenbelt Development 15.0 6 Preliminary & Pre-operative Exp. 89.99 7 Total Capital Cost of Project 4666.31 8 CSR Project Activity 91.53 Total Cost of project 4757.83
2.4.1 BUDGETORY PROVISIONS FOR EMP
Adequate budgetary provisions have been made by the management for execution of environmental management plans. The capital expenditure is Rs.3155.91 Lacs and recurring (Rs 1165.38 Lacs per annum) budget earmarked for pollution control / monitoring equipment; operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities, for greenbelt development and maintenance.
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
2.5 PROJECT SETTING In the formulation of regulation relating to project activities with respect to Environmental Aspects, Land, Water, and Power for the proposed project, regulatory framework is as mentioned below Table 2.5.
TABLE 2.5 PROJECT SETTING SR. DESCRIPTION TOTAL DESCRIPTION PARTICULAR FOR NO FOR EXISTING REMARKS S PROPOSED . ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES 1 Land 46158.23 m2 3666.29 m2 49824.52 Private land acquired from Requirement m2 existing unit of M/s. Goyal Knitfab Pvt. Ltd. 2 Water 1142.5 KLD 1557.5 KLD 2700 KLD Freshwater will be sourced Requirement from and its Source Bore well (existing 4 nos. & proposed 3 nos.) 3 Electricity 4000 KVA 2000 KVA 6000 KVA Will be sourced from Requirement and DGVCL. its Source 4 Manpower 1080 Nos 122 Nos 1202 Nos. Local People shall be Requirements given preference wherever possible for labors and workers. 5 Fuel Coal - 50 Coal - 25 Coal - 75 Will be purchased from the Requirement MT/Day MT/Day MT/Day local Supplier, transported by road only. Natural By pipeline Natural Gas- 460 - Gas- 460 scm/hr scm/hr GAS- 10 By pipeline GAS- 10 SCM/hr - SCM/hr
2.5.1 LOCATION Project site of the proposed expansion of dyes & chemical manufacturing unit (21°05’46.77” N, 72°58’31.57” E) is located within the existing project premises of M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. at Block No-484, 502, 503-A , 504 & 505, N.H.No.8, Palsana-394315, Dist.: Surat, Gujarat. There is no eco-sensitive area like forest patches, large water bodies that attract migratory and other residential water fowls within the close proximity of the project site. The project site is at a distance of 11.0 Km from Surat. The nearest airport is situated at Surat. The selection of this site has been highly influenced by location factors. Palsana is centrally located from major GIDC in the range upto 140 Km. Surat is centrally located from GIDC Vapi (81 Km), GIDC Ankleshwar (60 Km), GIDC Dahej (70 Km), GIDC Panoli (54 Km), GIDC Sarigam (89 Km), GIDC Jaghadia (76 Km), GIDC Sachin (0 Km), GIDC Pandesara (4.5), GIDC Nandesari (138 Km). Project location in Fig. no. 2.3, Google earth image and map showing project location and surrounding areas are shown in Figure 2.2 A & B.
Location: a) Site Village : Palsana b) District : Surat c) State : Gujarat d) Latitude : 21°05’46.77” N e) Longitude : 72°58’31.57” E
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-20 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) LATITUDE & LONGITUDE OF ALL FOUR CORNERS:- Corner-1 Corner-2 21° 05'50.30"N, 21° 05'41.90"N, 72° 58'32.18"E 72° 58'35.60"E Corner-3 Corner-4 21° 05'42.76"N, 21° 05'46.12"N, 72° 58'24.51"E 72° 58'24.50"E
FIGURE 2.2 GOOGLE EARTH IMAGE AND MAP SHOWING PROJECT SITE
(A)
(B)
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-21 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) FIGURE 2.3 PROJECT LOCATION
2.5.2 KEY INFRASTRUCTURE FEATURES AND SETTLEMENTS 2.5.2.1 METHOD OF DATA PREPARATION Key infrastructure features have been extracted from Survey of India (SoI) topographical maps of 1:50,000 scale. The features have been updated using satellite data and have been verified with ancillary information derived from TTK maps and guide maps. The locations of the settlement have been extracted from Census of India (CoI) maps and have been verified by using SoI topographical maps and satellite data and have been over-layer for the ease of spatial reference.
2.5.2.2 DISTANCE OF NEAREST KEY INFRASTRUCTURE FEATURES FROM PROJECT SITE The distance of railways, National and State highways from the project site are presented in Table 2.6 below. There is no defense installation, national park/wild life sanctuary, ecologically sensitive area within 10 Km radius of the project site. TABLE 2.6 DISTANCE OF NEAREST KEY INFRASTRUCTURE FEATURES S.NO. PARTICULAR NAME & ITS DISTANCE 1. Nearest National Highway NH-8 at around 0.05 Km E 2. Nearest State Highway SH-168 at around 1.1 Km S 3. Nearest city Surat at around 17.0 Km 4. Nearest River Mindhola at around 2.6 Km SE 5. Nearest Railway station Chalthan at around 7.0 Km NNW 6. National park/Reserve Forest, Biosphere, etc. None within a radius of 10 Km 7. Nearest Airport Surat at around 24.3 km NWW 8. Seismicity Zone III
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-22 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
2.5.3 MAP OF KEY INFRASTRUCTURE FEATURES AND SETTLEMENTS A map depicting administrative boundary up to Taluka level, showing National Highway, State Highways, major, medium and other roads with the railway lines is presented in Figure - 2.4. The major water bodies with the rivers and the river beds are illustrated in the map to provide a better understanding of the project area. The map marks the area within 10 Km the project area. The project layout is shown in Figure – 2.5.
FIGURE 2.4 KEY INFRASTRUCTURE FEATURES AND SETTLEMENTS
Immediate project surrounding is as follows:-
North: Gujarat Eco Textile Park South: Barren Land, Hotel Decent & Small Fabrication units West: Textile Units & Dyeing Houses East: Highway NH-8
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
FIGURE 2.5 LAYOUT OF THE PLANT
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
2.6 MAIN PHASES OF THE PROJECT 2.6.1 PRE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES Proposed project site is within the existing premises and it is well connected with state and national highway and hence sufficient road communication is available, so there is no need to construct any approach road or site access. The proposed site will be constructed within existing premise of M/s. Goyal Knitfab Pvt. Ltd., which is already developed industrial land (non-agriculture) and no vegetation will be cut/destruction over there. Hence no question of drinking water, barricading, etc. No significant pre-construction activates are anticipated. 2.6.2 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES Construction activities will take place within the open space of open plot. Construction of essential utilities will be carried out within 6 months. Around 50-60 workers will have to work for the construction work. Erection of various machineries shall start simultaneously and is expected to be completed in six month after the construction is over. Construction materials, like steel, cement, crushed stones, sand, rubble, etc. shall be required for the project, will be procured from the local market of the region. 2.6.3 PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES 2.6.3.1 RAW MATERIALS 2.6.3.1.1 RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTION Major Raw materials used for Disperse Dyes manufacturing is given in following Table 2.7. TABLE 2.7 RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTION & TRANSPORTATION FOR DISPERSE DYES
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-26 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
2.6.3.1.2 RAW MATERIAL STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION Raw material for Disperse Dyes unit will be purchased from the different sources and it will be stored in chemical storage area in Carboys, Drums, bags and some are in storage tanks. Only following chemicals are to be stored in tanks. Dimension, Numbers and Capacity of Tanks for storage of chemicals are given in following Table 2.8. TABLE 2.8 RAW MATERIAL STORAGE
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-27 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
Scheme of mode of transportation: The raw materials will be purchased from the external sources as mentioned in table no. 2.7
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-28 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) 2.6.3.2 MANUFACTURING PROCESS Manufacturing Process attached in Annexure-III, also attached Spent Solvent recovery system in Annexure- IV. 2.7 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES 2.7.1 LAND The proposed unit will be installed in area of approx 3666.29 sq.m; land which is purchased from the existing unit of M/s. Goyal Knitfab Pvt. Ltd.. Ltd. Detailed Land use breakup is given in following Table 2.9 and plant layout shown in figure 2.5 while land documents are shown in Annexure-XVII.
TABLE 2.9 LAND BREAK-UP OF THE PROJECT EXISTING PROPOSED TOTAL AREA LAND USE AREA (sq.m.) AREA (sq.m.) (sq.m.) Plant and Machinery area (sq.m.) 12885.61 1414.28 14299.89 Utility (Boiler and Cooling Tower) 2572.00 0.00 2572.00 area (sq.m.) Chemical Storage area (sq.m.) 10617.83 0.00 10617.83 Administration Building area (sq.m.) 1407.00 0.00 1407.00 Green Belt area (sq.m.) 9017.90 1167.10 10185.00 Internal Road area (sq.m.) 7905.89 1084.91 8990.80 Open area (sq.m.) 1752.00 0.00 1752.00 Total (sq.m.) 46158.23 3666.29 49824.52
FIGURE 2.6 LAND BREAK-UP OF THE PROJECT
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-29 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
2.7.2 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES As project site is well connected through road and railway network. Transportation of all the raw materials and products shall be primarily by road only.
2.7.3 WATER SOURCE AND UTILIZATION Total fresh water requirement is 2700.0 KLD (domestic, green belt and industrial purpose) which will be sourced from existing 4 nos. of bore well and proposed 3 nos. of bore well.
TABLE 2.10 WATER CONSUMPTION AND WASTE WATER GENERATION
WATER CONSUMPTION S.NO. PURPOSE (KL/D)
EXISTING PROPOSED TOTAL A. Domestic 25 70 95 B. Industrial 1. Processing 677.5 922.5 1600 Boiler and 2. 425 525 950 Cooling Floor and Drum 3. 10 15 25 washing Total (B) 1112.5 1462.5 2575 C. Green belt 5 25 30 Grand Total (A+B+C) 1142.5 1557.5 2700
WASTE WATER GENERATION (KL/D) S.NO. PURPOSE EXISTING PROPOSED TOTAL A. Domestic 15 60 75 B. Industrial 1. Processing 800 1075 1875 2. Boiler and 140 130 270 Cooling 3. Floor and Drum 10 15 25 washing Total (B) 950 1220 2170 C. Green belt 0 0 0 Grand Total (A+B+C) 965 1280 2245
Domestic sewage (75.0 KLD) generated will be treated in Secondary Treatment Plant. Generated industrial effluents will be treated in proposed ETP. Existing process effluent is sent to CETP of M/s. NPICSL, hence now onward, treated effluents will also be sent to CETP of M/s. NPICSL, Palsana for further treatment and disposal
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
FIGURE 2.7 WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM (Basis KLD)
Water Source (Existing 4 bore well, proposed 3 bore well) 2700 m3/day
Ice Plant RO for boiler RO for 100 m3/day 180m3/day cooling (RO 275 Domestic Processing Reject) 95 m3/day 3 tower 550 M3/day 1600 m /day m3/day
Boiler 140 m3/ day + 80 m3/day condense recycle (Steam) Cooling 55 m3 / 450 3 day (RO 1875m 3 Reject) m /day /day 3 90m3/ 120 m3/ 275m /d day day(Live ay Steam) (Steam recycle to 160
boiler) m3/day 75 m3/day of Sewage Waste Water 10 m3/day
Blowdown 25m3 / day
315m3 / day (Drum & (Storage tank Floor for reuse) Washing)
260 m3 / day 30 m3 / day (Lime & Ferrous (Green Belt) Slurry)
3 2170 m /day To PTP
2245 m3/day CETP of NPICSL
To ETP
2.7.4 POWER REQUIREMENTS The estimated power requirement for the proposed manufacturing unit of Disperse Dyes project is 6000 KVA which will be sourced from DGVCL. Energy/ Power consumption is given in following Table 2.11.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-31 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
TABLE 2.11 DETAILS OF SOURCE OF ENERGY AND TYPES OF FUEL Existing & Proposed Power Source capacity detail Existing Proposed Load (KVA) Load (KVA) Source Source Main Stand by Main Stand by
DGVCL C.D at 11KV DGVCL C.D at 66KV 4000 - 6000 - Consumer No.(10039) Consumer No.(10039)
Gas Engine 1250 - Gas Engine 1250 Gas Engine 1250 Gas Engine 1250 D.G 2x380KVA 760 D.G 2x380KVA 760 D.G 2x500KVA 1000 D.G 2x500KVA 1000 D.G 2x1250KVA 2500 D.G 2x1250KVA 2500 5250 6910 6000 8160
2.7.5 FUEL REQUIREMENTS Fuel requirement, their source and distance and mode of transportation are given following Table 2.12.
TABLE 2.12 FUEL REQUIREMENT Sr. FUEL CONSUMPTION TRANSPORTATION Fuel SOURCE No. Existing Proposed Total MODE Local 1 HSD DG Sets Stand by - DG Sets Stand by By road Supplier Imported but trough 2 Coal 50 MT/Day 25 MT/Day 75 MT/Day By road local supplier Local 3 Gas 10 SCM/hr - 10 SCM/hr By pipeline Supplier Local 4 N.G. 460 SCM/hr - 460 SCM/hr By pipeline Supplier
2.7.6 BOILER & HAG DETAILS The Steam Boiler (10 MTPH) and HAG will be installed as utilities for proposed Dye Production Unit.
Utilities with Capacity : Boiler (10 MTPH) and HAG Type of Fuel used : Coal 25 Tons/day Stack Height and Diameter : Ht. 36 m and Dia. 1.4 m Pollution Control Equipment Measures : ESP (Combine Stack and APC for boiler and HAG)
2.7.7 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS M/s. SDCPL will employ 122 personnel for the proposed project. During employment first preference will be given to local people from the region based on qualification, skills and experience. Table 2.13 shows the details of man power requirement.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-32 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
TABLE 2.13 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS FOR DYE PLANT
S. Appointed as a Total Shift No. Person Staff Operator Worker 1. General Shift 8 0 0 8 2. First 1 4 33 38 3. Second 1 4 33 38
4. Third 1 4 33 38 Total 122
2.8 SOURCE OF POLLUTION AND CONTROL MEASURES 2.8.1 WATER POLLUTION Details of Domestic and industrial Wastewater generation from project are given in Table 2.14.
TABLE 2.14 DETAILS OF WASTE WATER GENERATION
WASTE WATER GENERATION (KL/D) S.NO. PURPOSE EXISTING PROPOSED TOTAL A. Domestic 15 60 75 B. Industrial 1. Processing 800 1075 1875 2. Boiler and 140 130 270 Cooling 3. Floor and Drum 10 15 25 washing Total (B) 950 1235 2185 C. Green belt 0 0 0 Grand Total (A+B+C) 965 1280 2245
2.8.1.1 WASTE WATER TREATMENT, RECYCLE AND UTILIZATION Domestic wastewater of 75.0 KL/Day (Existing – 15 KLD + Proposed 60 KLD) generated will be discharged through secondary ETP. There shall be 2185.0 KL/Day (Exisiting-950 KLD + Proposed-1235 KLD) of industrial waste water generated from the proposed plant which will be treated in in-house ETP of 2500.0 KLD capacity. Treated water (2245.0 kl/day) will be discharged in to CETP of M/s. NPICSL, Palsana.
2.8.1.2 DETAIL OF ETP Effluent Treatment Plant design is done considering worst case scenario in terms of high Organic load generating products and high hydraulic load generating products at a time. Considering bench scale study in pilot plant and based on detailed treatability study, we came to the following conclusion on effluent characteristic as shown in Table 2.15. We will provide online continuous pH meter, TOC analyzer and flow meter at the final outlet of the ETP.
TABLE 2.15 EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTIC Effluent Water Inlet Quality SR.NO. Parameter Unit Inlet Parameters CETP norms 1 pH - 1 to 4 6.5-8.5 2 SS mg/l 1250 300 3 COD mg/l 15000 3000 4 BOD mg/l 6000 400 5 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l 70 50 6 Phenolic Compound mg/l 2 1 7 Oil & Grease mg/l 15 10 EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-33 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
Domestic waste water will be disposed off through septic tank/soak pits. Generated industrial effluents will be treated in proposed ETP. Details of size and volume of each ETP units are mentioned in Table 2.16. After treatment of effluent in ETP, and will be sent to CETP of M/s. NPICSL (New Palsana Industrial Co- Operative Society Ltd.) Palsana for further treatment. CETP membership certificate is attached as Annexure- XI.
TABLE 2.16 EQUIPMENT LIST FOR PROPOSED ETP (2500 KLD)
Equipment name Size/Capacity MOC Quantity Sludge Handling System Sludge Silo 250 MT MS 2 nos. Paddle Dryer-1 2.5 MT/H SS 304 1 nos. Stand by Paddle Dryer-2 1.5 MT/H SS 304 1 nos. Secondary Treatment Plant C - Tech Basin 3000 m³ RCC 2 sets AERZEN, German make, 2800 Nm³/h @ 0.75 MS 3 nos Hybrid Energy Saving Efficiency Air Blower kg/cm² Primary Treatment Plant Lime Silo 150 MT MS 1 no. Lime Handling System 2.5 TPH 1 no. Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter 1.8m x 1.8m MS 2 no. RCC-AR brick Equalization tank 1000 m³ 1 no. lined 1 no. Neutralization Tank 41m³ & 44 m³ PP-FRP each Thickener -1 8 m dia MS/painted 1 no. Stand by Thickener -2 8 m dia MS/painted 1 no. Sludge Sump 200 m³ RCC 1 no. Lime Dosing tank 15 m³ RCC 4 nos RCC-AR brick FeSO4 Dosing tank 8 m³ 2 nos lined RCC-AR brick FeSO4 Bulk storage tank 50 m³ 1 no. lined Polymer dosing tank 8 m³ RCC 2 nos Urea/DAP tank 8 m³ RCC 2 nos Air Compressor 220 cfm 1 no. Lift 1.5 MT MS 1 no. Electrical & Instrumentation Piping & Valves
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-34 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) FIGURE 2.8 FLOW DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED ETP (2500 KL/DAY)
2.8.1.3 DETAIL OF CETP (NEW PALSANA INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD) For proposed expansion, complete treated water is sent to CETP (NPICSL), Plasana Following details of NPICSL. Palsana,
A.) Total Capacity:- 45000 M3 B.) Booked Load:- 33555 M3 C.) Spare Capacity:- 11445 M D.) Analysis Report (Inlet & Outlet) GPCB last Six Months:-
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-35 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) OUTLET RESULTS Month/ GPCB JUL-17 AUG-17 SEP-17 OCT-17 NOV-17 DEC-17 Parameters NORMS
Temp-0C 40 28 28 29 29 28 28 pH 8.5 7.08 7.64 7.78 7.59 8.10 7.99
Color (Pt.Co.Sc) 100 10 35 20 20 40 30
TDS (mg/l) 2100 2036 2268 2152 2178 2012 2254
TSS (mg/l) 60 42 10 14 12 28 28
Ammonical Nitrogen (mg/l) 50 10 6.7 17.4 9.5 18.5 9.0
COD (mg/l) 250 178 99 194 193 194 120
BOD (mg/l) 30 23 15 25 28 27 25
INLET RESULTS Month/ GPCB JUL-17 AUG-17 SEP-17 OCT-17 NOV-17 DEC-17 Parameters NORMS
Temp-0C 40 31 28 29 29 28 28 pH 6.5-8.5 7.57 7.65 7.36 7.75 7.74 7.51
Color (Pt.Co.Sc) 100 30 30 30 30 55 40
TDS (mg/l) 2100 2128 2360 1956 2552 2760 2352
TSS (mg/l) 300 190 208 404 252 264 318
Ammonical Nitrogen 50 42 42.6 41.4 37.5 45.9 37.0 (mg/l)
COD (mg/l) 1000 1382 1520 1197 1269 1845 989
BOD (mg/l) 400 300 320 241 210 320 252
E.) EC compliance report of CETP attached as Annexure-XIII F.) Discharge point study of CETP as Annexure-XII G.) Confirmation of Book Load as Annexure-XI
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-36 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) 2.8.2 AIR POLLUTION Air pollution is classified into point source emission and fugitive emissions. Only source of point source pollution is the flue gas through utility boiler, HAG & process gas. Emissions from point sources may include Gases (SO2 NOx , HCL, HBr, Br2, CL2etc.) form utilities and dust emissions etc. Online monitoring system for monitoring of PM will be installed with stack with arrangement to reflect monitored data on company’s server. 2.8.2.1 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES The unit will install ESP with common stack attached to steam boiler and HAG. Two stage venture scrubber followed by packed column scrubber will be installed on process stack.Adequate Stack height will be provided to control and disperse the air pollutants within the satisfactory levels. Online monitoring system are provided on existing Boiler + HAG stack, same will be installed on proposed Boiler + HAG stack. Proposed stacks and Pollution control equipments are presented in the following Table-2.17. FIGURE 2.9 (A) ONLINE CEMS ON EXISTING STACK
FIGURE 2.9 (B) ONLINE FLOW METER ON ETP
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-37 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
TABLE 2.17 DETAILS OF STACK WITH AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM A FLUE GAS STACKS : [EXISTING] Stack Stack Attached Stack Stack Permissible Fuel Pollutants APC Attached No. To Height Diameter value Steam Boiler6 150mg/Nm MTPH PM High Efficiency Coal, ³ 1 (Running) 36.5 M 1300 mm So Multi Cyclone Lignite x 100 ppm 4 MTPH (Stand No Seperator, Bag filter x 50 ppm by) * 150mg/Nm Thermo PM ³ Sufficient Stack 2 pack2,00,000 21 M 250 mm NG So x 100 ppm Height Kcal/Hr No x 50 ppm 150mg/Nm PM Dual Teema Coal, ³ 3 HAG 34 M 1000 mm So Cyclone Seperator, Lignite x 100 ppm No Bag filter x 50 ppm Thermo pack 150mg/Nm 3,00,000 PM ³ Sufficient Stack 4 Kcal/Hr. Heat 5 M 305 mm NG So x 100 ppm Height transfer area No x 50 ppm 24m2 (LDO/HSD)/NG 150mg/Nm LDO/ PM Based Power ³ Sufficient Stack 5 30 M 800 mm HSD/ So Plant (stand by x 100 ppm Height NG No ) x 50 ppm (LDO/HSD)/NG 150mg/Nm Based Power LDO/ PM ³ Sufficient Stack 6 Plant on plot 32 M 800 mm HSD/ So x 100 ppm Height no. 484 (stand NG No x 50 ppm by) 150mg/Nm DG Set – 02 Nos PM ³ Sufficient Stack 7 stand by (380 11 M 150 mm HSD So x 100 ppm Height KVA) No x 50 ppm 150mg/Nm DG Set – 02 Nos PM ³ Sufficient Stack 8 stand by (500 11 M 150 mm HSD So x 100 ppm Height KVA) No x 50 ppm 150mg/Nm DG Set – 02 Nos PM ³ Sufficient Stack 9 stand by (1250 11 M 150 mm HSD So x 100 ppm Height KVA) No x 50 ppm Note - * indicate that in proposed expansion, we will resell our Existing 4 MTPH Boiler (Stand by)
A Flue Gas Stack: [ Proposed] Stack Stack Stack Stack Permissible Fuel Pollutants APC Attached No. Attached To Height Diameter value Steam Boiler PM 150mg/Nm ³ ESP (Combine Stack 1 36 M 1450 mm Coal, 10 MTPH ** So 100 ppm and APC for boiler Lignite x 2 HAG Nox 50 ppm and HAG) Note - ** indicate that in proposed expansion, we will use our Existing 6 MTPH Boiler as a stand by
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-38 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
B PROCESS STACKS :[EXISTING] Stack Stack Stack Stack Permissible Fuel Pollutants APC Attached No. Attached To Height Diameter value NG / Steam PM 150 mg/Nm ³ Spray Dryer Cyclone + Wet 1 21.4 M 700 mm (HAG) So 40 mg/Nm ³ No. 3 x Scrubber Afer Nox 25 mg/Nm ³ Expansion PM 150 mg/Nm ³ Spray Dryer Cyclone + Wet 2 18.4 M 450 mm Steam So 40 mg/Nm ³ No. 4 *** x Scrubber Nox 25 mg/Nm ³ NG / Steam PM 150 mg/Nm ³ Spray Dryer Cyclone + Wet 3 21.4 M 1200 mm (HAG) So 40 mg/Nm ³ No.5 x Scrubber Afer Nox 25 mg/Nm ³ Expansion PM 150 mg/Nm ³ Spray Dryer Steam Cyclone + Wet 4 33.0 M 1100 mm So 40 mg/Nm ³ No.6 (HAG) x Scrubber Nox 25 mg/Nm ³ PM 150 mg/Nm ³ Spray Dryer Steam Cyclone + Wet 5 33.0 M 1200 mm So 40 mg/Nm ³ No.7 (HAG) x Scrubber Nox 25 mg/Nm ³ PM 150 mg/Nm ³ Spray Dryer Steam Cyclone + Wet 6 33.0 M 1200 mm So 40 mg/Nm ³ No.8 (HAG) x Scrubber Nox 25 mg/Nm ³ Two Stage Cl 9 mg/Nm ³ Scrubber at 2 venturi scrubbers Hcl 20 mg/Nm ³ 7 Bromide 16.5 M 250 mm - followed by Br 2 mg/Nm ³ Plant 2 packed columm Hbr 30 mg/Nm ³ scrubber Two Stage Cl 9 mg/Nm ³ Scrubber 2 venturi scrubbers Hcl 20 mg/Nm ³ 8 At AQ-I 16.5 M 250 mm - followed by Br 2 mg/Nm ³ Plant 2 packed columm Hbr 30 m g/Nm ³ scrubber Two Stage Scrubber venturi scrubbers At DD1 Plant Br2 2 mg/Nm ³ 9 16.5 M 250 mm - followed by / Mono-Azo So2 20 mg/Nm ³ packed columm # scrubber Oleum 10 Storage 6.0 M 50 mm - Sox 40 mg/Nm³ Scrubber Tank Note - *** indicate that in proposed expansion, we will resell our Existing Spray Dryer No.4 # indicate that in proposed expansion, we will use our existing DD1 scrubber for Mono-Azo plant and install new scrubber for DD1 Plant
B Process Stacks : [Proposed] Stack Stack Stack Stack Permissible Fuel Pollutants APC Attached No. Attached To Height Diameter value Spray Dryer Steam Cyclone + Wet 1 33.0 M 1200 mm PM No.9 (HAG) Scrubber Two Stage venturi Scrubber scrubbers followed 2 At NKS Plant 2.5 M 250 mm - So2 - by packed columm
scrubber
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-39 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit)
Scrubber Cl2 Two Stage venturi At DD2 Plant Hcl scrubbers followed 3 6.0 M 250 mm - - (Diazo) Br2 by packed columm Hbr scrubber Two Stage venturi Scrubber scrubbers followed 4 At DD2 Plant 5.3 M 650 mm - So2 - by packed columm (Coupling) scrubber Scrubber Two Stage venturi Br2, At Solvent -II scrubbers followed 5 2.0M 250 mm - So2, - Plant by packed columm Cl2 scrubber Br2, Venturi scrubbers Scrubber 6 6.0 M 150 mm - So2, - followed by packed At MAA Plant Cl2 columm scrubber Scrubber At Solvent – So2 Packed columm 5.6 M 450 mm - - III Plant Cl2 scrubber Stage-1 Acid 7 Scrubber
At Solvent – So2 Packed columm III Plant 5.6 M 450 mm - - Cl2 scrubber Stage-2 Alkaline Cl Two Stage venturi Scrubber 2 Hcl scrubbers followed 8 At NEW DD1 5.5 M 650 mm - - Br by packed columm Plant (Diazo) 2 Hbr scrubber Scrubber Cl2 Two Stage venturi At NEW DD1 Hcl scrubbers followed 9 5.5 M 1000 mm - - Plant Br2 by packed columm (Coupling) Hbr scrubber Primary Cl Treatment 2 Hcl Packed columm 10 Plant 3.5 M 355 mm - - Br scrubber (Equalization 2 Hbr tank)
TABLE:2.18 AIR EMISSION FROM EXISITING STACK:- DATE:12/1/2018 Flue Gas:- PARAMETERS STACK-1 STACK-2 PERMISSIBLE Steam Boiler (6 TPH) HAG LIMIT (Coal based) (Coal based) SPM 124.3 98.4 SPM < 150 mg/Nm3
SO2 17.3 14.0 SO2 < 100 ppm NOX 7.90 6.40 NOx < 50 ppm Process Gas PARAMETERS STACK-3 STACK-3 STACK-3 STACK-3 PERMISSIBLE DD PLANT AQ PLANT BR PLANT OLEUM ST LIMIT HCL 12.6 11.1 14.3 - HCL < 20 mg/Nm3 CL2 - 5.40 5.90 - CL2 < 09 mg/Nm3 SO2 - - - 22.7 NOx < 40 mg/Nm3
Please refer Annexure-XL EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-40 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) FIGURE 2.10 DESIGN OF ESP
TABLE NO: 2.19 ESP SPECIFICATIONS SL NO UNIT
1 GENERAL INFRMATION 1.1 Client Boiler burning Indonesian/Safrican coal or lignite 1.2 ESP TYPE DRY horizontal flow type 1.3 Flue gas flow AM3/hr 15000+18000+18000 1.4 Fuel considered Imported coal or lignite 1.5 Gas temperature Inlet Deg C 180 1.6 Number of fields in series Nos 2 1.7 Treatment Time Seconds 11.52+12+12 1.8 Collection efficiency % 99.17 1.9 Inlet dust concentration Gms/Nm3 6 gms max 1.10 Outlet dust concentration Mgms/nm3 Less than 75
2 Colleting electrode 2.1 Type VPM double v profile 2.2 Material CRCA SHEET,IS -513 GR D 2.3 Electrode thickness Mm 1.25 2.4 Spacing between electrodes Mm 400 2.5 No of Gas passages Nos 4nos+5nos+5nos 2.6 Active height of electrode M 5 2.7 Specific collecting area m2/m3/sec 57.60+60+60 2.8 Total nos of electrode plates vertical Nos 60+72+72nos 2.9 Aspect ratio 1.44 2.10 Total collecting area M2 240+300+300
3 Discharge Electrodes 3.1 Type Pipe & pike type
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-41 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) 3.2 Total nos of electrodes Nos 48+60+60 3.3 Spacing of electrodes Mm 500 3.4 Fixing arrangement Rigid frame with bottom CG loading
4 Rapping system- collecting electrode 4.1 Type Tumbling hammer type 4.2 Gear box rpm Rpm/kw 2/.33kw 4.3 Total nos of hammers Nos 2 nos x8 +2nos x 5 nos impactors 4.4 Controller Common through Transformer controller with sequential timer and power of rapping
5 High tension support Insulator 5.1 Type Conical 5.2 Material High alumina based porcelain 5.3 Leakage distance mm 550 5.4 Maximum flash over voltage 150 KV 5.5 Location Individual drum enclosures on top of ESP roof 5.6 Numbers /field 2 nos
6 Transformer rectifier unit 6.1 Type Horizontal bushing type out door 6.2 Rating 150 mamps 6.3 Peak KV Rating KV 110 KV dc 6.4 Numbers Nos 1 for each path
Transformer rectifier controller unit 7.1 Nos Nos 3 7.2 Type of cabinet Self standing 7.3 Voltage controlled Thyristor with voltage feed back 7.4 Arc and spark suppression Yes 7.5 Ambient design temperature 45 7.6 Power supply V, Phase ,hz 415±15%,2 phase,50 hz
8 Casing 8.1 Plate Thickness Mm 5 8.2 Design temperature Deg c 250 8.3 - pressure withstanding capacity Mmwc (-) 350 8.4 Construction Prefabricated and full welded at site 8.5 Material IS-2062 GR – A
9 Dust hoppers 9.1 Plate Thickness mm 5 9.2 Design temperature Deg c 250 9.3 - pressure withstanding capacity mm wc (-) 350 9.4 Construction Prefabricated and full welded at site 9.5 Material IS-2062 GR – A
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-42 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) 9.6 Type Pyramidal 9.7 Hopper valley angle Degrees 60 9.8 Flange outlet to RAV mm x mm 300x 300
10 Rotary airlock valve 6 nos 10.1 Geared motor Kw .75 kw 10.2 Rpm Rpm 7 Rpm can be adjusted with chain sprocket on site
12 Perforated Gas distribution screen Nos 3+3 12.1 Perforated gas screen One at inlet and outlet
13 Pressure drop across ESP mmWC 15-35
14 Approximate overall Footprint 8 m X 6.4 m wide + 2.5 meters For inlet outlet ducting
2.8.2.2 SCRUBBER INSTALLATION
TABLE NO. 2.20 SCRUBBER SPECIFICATIONS
Nature of feed Process gases with moisture. (HCL, NOX, CL2 , SO2 etc) Type of process Two stage venturi scrubber followed by packed column scrubber Type of scrubber Wet Scrubber Scrubbing media 18-20% Cuastic Solution (Water + NaOH) Type of operation Batch / Continuous Operating temperature Less than 50 Degree Centigrade Design temperature 100 Degree Centigrade Method of spraying Through High Pressure Jet Spray Nozzles Inlet gas flow rate 50 Kg/hr Inlet gas temp. 95-98 Degree Centigrade Detailed scrubber specification are attached as Annexure-XV
2.8.2.3 FUGITIVE EMISSION AND CONTROL MEASURE Source of fugitive emissions are loading and unloading section, material handling and transfer points, roads and transportation of vehicles. Proposed measures to control fugitive emission: All reactors, treatment vessels, agitator and process pumps shall be mechanically sealed as per requirement. All process pumps shall be provided trays to collect probable leakage. More weight age on selection of MoC of piping shall be given to avoid leakage/spillage. Overflow system with return line to day tank/storage tank from batch tank will be provided to prevent hazardous material overflow. De-dusting system will be provided at solid product bagging area. Proper system shall be provided for decontamination and effective cleaning of drums. All transfer points shall be fully enclosed. Airborne dust shall be controlled. All roads shall be paved on which movement of raw materials or products will take place. Maintenance of air pollution control equipment shall be done regularly. All the workers shall be provided with dust mask. Green belt will be developed around the plant to arrest the fugitive emissions.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-43 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) 2.8.3 NOISE POLLUTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM The noise levels are primarily generated due to industrial activities like mechanical movement and material handling in unit. Noise may generate from motors, vehicular movement, generators, etc. General noise levels within plant are expected to remain below 75 dB (A). In order to mitigate the noise levels during the operational phase, a green belt will be developed around the periphery of the plant. However, at places where noise levels may exceed the permissible limit, acoustic enclosure shall be provided.
2.8.4 LAND/SOIL POLLUTION AND CONTROL MEASURES Land and soil pollution occur due to spillages of oils, raw material and leachate from the solid/ Hazardous Waste storage area. Risk of contamination of land or water from handling storage, use or spillage of hazardous material is and will be avoided by following measures. CC flooring will be provided inside the plant storage area and wherever necessary. Proper MOC of piping and equipments will be selected. Security men and security alarm along with fire hydrant will be provided. Separate facilities will be provided for finished goods and raw material storage. Fixed piping will be provided for transfer of all materials. All pumps will be provided with mechanical seal in process handling. Over flow piping from batch tank to storage tank will be provided. Proper level indicators will be provided. Proper system for decontamination of drums/barrels will be provided. Periodic inspection with necessary testing to all storage tanks and vessels. All rupture disc or pressure release valve will be connected to catch pot to avoid spillage.
M/s. SDPCL has got Membership from following attached in Annexure-X. 1) Bharuch Enviro Infrastructure Ltd. 2) Saurashtra Enviro Projects Ltd. 3) Recycling Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 4) Ecocare Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.
The sources of solid wastes, generation, and its management are given in the following Table 2.19.
TABLE 2.21 SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL METHOD FOR DYES MANUFACTURING UNIT S. TYPE OF EXISTIN PROPOSE TOTAL WASTE SOURCE WASTE No. HAZARD G D (TPM) (TPM) CATEGOR MANAGEME OUS (TPM) Y NT DETAILS WASTE DISPOSAL
1 ETP Sludge 500 750 1250 35.3 Effluent Collection, Treatment Storage Plant Transportation, Disposal at GPCB approved TSDF site 2 Used/spent 1.8 0 1.8 5.1 Various Collection, Oil MT/Year MT/Yea maintenan Storage, r ce Transportation, processes Disposal by selling to registered re- refiner 3 Discarded 60000 MT 0 60000 33.3 Various Collection, Containers /Year MT/ production Storage, Year units Decontaminatio n, Transportation, Disposal by EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-44 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) selling to registered party
4 Process 5 0 5 26.1 Manufactu Collection, Waste ring Storage process Transportation, Disposal at GPCB approved CHWIF 5 Distillation 75 100 175 36.1 Manufactu Collection, Residue ring Storage process Transportation, Disposal at GPCB approved CHWIF or co/pre- processing 6 GYPSUM 500 0 500 D2 Effluent Collection, Treatment Storage Plan Transportation, Disposal by selling to actual user authorized by GPCB
NOTE: MOU / Agreements with actual consumers regarding utilization of fly ash & bottom ash etc is attached as Annexure-XIV.
2.8.4.1 METHODOLOGY OR MANAGEMENT OF CONTAINER
Collection & storage: Contaminated containers are received from different production plants and stored at designated storage area. Proper segregation of containers is done according to acid or alkaline nature to treating with appropriate cleaning agent.
Treatment: At first cleaning the containers with water by high jet- pressure, then flushing and deep in acid and alkali containing tanks. After treated by acid and alkali media, then flushing with neutral water by high jet pressure and finally drying by air blow.
Analysis: Testing the pH and organic content of finally flushed effluent to ensure the container is completely decontaminated.
Labeling: Used standard Labels on decontaminated containers “Decontaminated containers, ready to dispose”
Disposal: These decontaminated containers could be reused. The containers, which are not reusable, would be scrapped and sold to registered recycler.
Record: Receipt note is collected before receiving of containers, maintained record of sampling, result, marking of decontaminated containers and disposal.
Management of effluent: The wastewater, which is generated from the washing activity, is collected in separate tank then transfer to treat in effluent treatment plant for further treatment.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-45 Report No. 1718A057
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes & Chemical Manufacturing Unit) 2.8.5 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
About 8185 sq.m area i.e. 16.42 % of total project plot area is developed as green belt at plant boundary, road side, around offices and buildings and Stretch of open land. We have already developed compensatory greenbelt of 5400 sq.m area i.e. 10.83 % of the total project plot area at Udhana-Magdalla Road, Surat and submitted in compliance report of our pervious environment clearance for each half year to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Regional office-Bhopal.
We will develop another 350 Nos trees in 2000 sq. m area i.e 4.06 % of total project area with total investment of Rs.15 Lacs approx. for the green belt plantation. Total Green belt area of total project area would be 31.31 %.
2.9 INDUSTRIES WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS OF THE PLANT AREA There are many industrial developments around the proposed activity. Name, address and capacity of the industry located within 10 Km radius are listed in table 2.21.
TABLE 2.22 LIST OF INDUSTRIES IN 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE PLANT AREA
Sr. No. Name of Industry Nature of work 1 Gujarat Polyflims Pvt Ltd Man Made Fiber Manufacturing 2 Spectrum AuxiChem Pvt Ltd Textile Auxillaries 3 Rawatkhedia Processors Pvt. Ltd Dyeing & Printing 4 Ratnapriya Dyeing & Printing Mill Pvt Ltd Dyeing & Printing 5 Vikas Trendz Pvt. Ltd Dyeing & Printing 6 Kotex Industries Pvt Ltd Dyeing & Printing 7 Nobletex Industries Pvt.Ltd Dyeing & Printing 8 Viraj Fab Pvt Ltd Dyeing & Printing 9 Stuti Processores Pvt Ltd Dyeing & Printing 10 Radhey Krishna Teren Dyeing & Printing 11 Vinit Fabrics Limited Dyeing & Printing 12 Laxminarayan Industries Dyeing & Printing 13 Madhusudan Rayons Pvt Ltd Dyeing & Printing 14 Vishnupriya Dyeing & Printing Pvt Ltd Dyeing & Printing 15 Khatushyam Processors Pvt Ltd Dyeing & Printing 16 Suzuki Dyeing Pvt Ltd Dyeing & Printing 17 Anubha Fabrics Pvt Ltd Dyeing & Printing 18 Anandi Silk Mills Pvt Ltd Dyeing & Printing 19 Virdev Pharmacuteicals Pharmacuetical 20 Heatex Industries Pvt Ltd Engineering
2.10 PLACES OF TOURIST/RELIGIOUS/HISTORICAL INTEREST There are no such places like archaeological, historical or tourist interest within the study area. Almost all the villages having places of worship like temples and mosques in the buffer zones.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 2-46 Report No. 1718A057
CHAPTER-3
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
CHAPTER – 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS The baseline status of environmental quality in the vicinity of project site serves as the basis for identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts. The baseline environmental quality is assessed through field studies within the impact zone for various components of the environment, viz. air, noise, water, land, geo-hydrology, and ecology and socio-economic. The baseline environmental quality has been assessed during 1St October 2017 to 31St December 2017 in a study area of 10 Km radial distance from the project site. The map showing Location of the Project site with 10 Km radius of the study area is given in figure 3.1.
METHODOLOGY: The baseline environmental study was carried out for the various environmental components viz. Air, Water, Soil, Ecology and Biodiversity, Socio economy and Noise. Before the finalization of sampling locations to carry out the environmental monitoring and survey, our field area expert had visited the site and whole area was divided in two parts as core zone and buffer zone. During the submission of field area expert report and discussion looking to the extent of impact, 5 km radius was considered as core zone and rest 5 km radius was considered as buffer zone. All the locations have been selected within 10 km radius from the project site as per the requirement of TOR and environmental samples were collected from the selected locations of the study area. Before starting the survey activity for ecology and bio diversity, secondary data were used as reference during the desktop survey for listing the species of study zone and planning the survey. In case of socio economy, secondary data have also been used for deciding the parameters to be surveyed during socio economic data collection. As a secondary source of data for Ecology and Biodiversity survey, various publications by the government of Gujarat and forest department district were used. Baseline data generation of the following environmental attributes is essential in EIA studies:
Primary Data Collection Includes:- Secondary Data Collection Includes Review: of :- i. Meteorology, 1. IMD Data / Climatological Data ii. Ambient Air Quality, 2. GPCB/CPCB Guidlines iii. Ambient Noise Quality, 3. GPCB/CPCB Guidlines iv. Surface and Ground Water Quality, 4. CGWA/GPCB/CPCB Guidlines v. Soil Quality and Geological Features, 5. TOPO Map / Drainage Map vi. Land Use Pattern, 6. TOPO Map / Land Use Map vii. Ecological Status, 7. Sensitive areas such as biosphere reserve, forests, sanctuaries, places of historical, archeological, tourist importance, etc. viii. Socio-economic Status 8. Census Data / Socio-Economic Profile
3.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF IMPACT ZONE Deciding whether a proposed action is likely to cause significant adverse environmental effects is central to the concept and practice of EIA. Generally the impact zone for industrial actions is classified into three parts; Core Zone, Buffer Zone and Unaffected Zone, as illustrated below. The area of impact zone invariably changes from project to project and depends on the nature and magnitude of activities. i. Core Zone (Host and Proximate Area): This area is closest to the activity where the background quality of environmental and human health is always at high risk. This involves risks due to steady state, transient and accidental release of pollutants, noise, increased traffic congestion and social stress. The immediate vicinity of the plant that is around 3 Km radius is factual core zone in this case. ii. Buffer zone (Moderately affected area): Being a little away from the activity, the discharge pollutants need time lag to be transported to this area and gets attenuated/diluted to a considerable extent. However, the associated risk shall be real during break-down, failure or upset conditions, and simultaneously with adverse meteorological and hydrological factors. Distance from 3 Km to 7 Km around the project site in the factual buffer zone in this case. This is based on the mathematical modeling study and air pollution dispersion pattern. iii. Unaffected Zone: This area shall not be at risk of serious damage to life, health and property. Here the impact becomes small enough to become imperceptible and/or inconsequent and/or insignificant and normal life activities shall prevail without any disturbances due to the activity. Distance away from the 7 Km buffer zone is the factually unaffected zone in this case. EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 3-48 Report No. 1718A058
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
While generating the baseline status of physical and biological environment of the study area, the concept of impact zone has been considered. The Impact zone selection is based on preliminary screening and modeling studies. For demography and socio-economics, block wise data has been collected and used for the assessment of impacts.
3.2 STUDY AREA For the description of baseline environmental scenario, the Proposed Synthetic Organic manufacturing Plant area has been considered as the Core Zone. The area falling within a distance of 10 Km from the boundary of the core zone has been considered as the Buffer Zone. The core zone and the buffer zone, combined together form the study area for determination of baseline status and for assessment of impacts. FIGURE 3.1 LOCATION MAP OF THE PROJECT SITE WITH STUDY AREA
FIGURE 3.2 LONG VIEW OF THE PROJECT SITE (CORE ZONE)
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
FIGURE 3.3 SHORT VIEW OF THE PROJECT SITE
Method of Environmental Sampling and Analysis
Sr. Monitoring area Sample Collection/ Analysis method No. Preservation method 1. Micrometeorological Data collected on hourly NA data basis using wind monitor as per CPCB Guideline. 2. Ambient Air IS 5182 (PART-23)2006 PM10-Gravimetric Method IS 5182 monitoring (PART-23)2006 PM2.5- Gravimetric Method IS 5182 (PART-23)2006 SO2-Colorimetric Method IS 5182 (PART-2)2001 NOX- Colorimetric Method IS 5182 (PART-6)2006 3. Noise Instrument : Sound level STP No.: No, Issue No. 01 & Date: meter 01.04.2014(Based on instruction manual) using noise level meter with data logger Survey carried out as per CPCB guideline. 4. Water (Ground/ IS 3025 (PART- AS Per IS 3025 (PART-1)-1987/APHA Surface) 1)1987/APHA on each Parameter Specific IS Standard 5. Soil IS 2720 (PART-1)-1983 On each Parameter Specific IS Standard (Reaffirmed -2006)
3.3 CLIMATE The area has a Tropical monsoon climate, moderated strongly by the Arabian Sea. The summer begins in early March and lasts till June. April and May are the hottest months, the average temperature being 28°C. Monsoon begins in late June and stay up to September, with the average temperature being around 29°C during those months. October and November are the months of post-monsoon and return of high temperature till late November. Winter starts in December and ends in late February, with average temperatures of around 24°C.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 3-50 Report No. 1718A058
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3.4 METEOROLOGY The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as for air quality model prediction. Historical data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the region. The year is broadly divided into four seasons: Winter December, January, February Pre-monsoon March, April, May Monsoon June, July, August, September Post monsoon October, November.
3.4.1CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REGION 3.4.1.1 TEMPERATURE The mean monthly maximum temperature recorded at IMD station, Surat; during the year 1981-2010 was 36.7 C in the month of April and lowest temperature recorded was 15.2 C in the month of January. The average monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, rainfall, Relative humidity, and wind velocity for each of the twelve months, as recorded at IMD station, Surat for the year 1981-2010 are given in Table 3.1. 3.4.1.2 RAINFALL Monsoon, which lasts from June to September, is the major source of rainfall. The mean monthly total rainfall varies between 0.2 mm to 466.3 mm and the annual total rainfall observed during the year 1981-2010 is 1202.9 mm. 3.4.1.3 WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTION The average mean wind speed observed during the year 1981-2010 is 4.8 km per hour. The predominant wind direction observed at 08:30 hrs in the month of April to September is from SW, while rest of the months i.e. October to March is from N and NE. The predominant wind direction observed at 17:30 hrs in the month of October to March is from NW, while rest of months i.e. April to September is from SW. 3.4.1.4 RELATIVE HUMIDITY The Mean monthly relative humidity percentage is highest in the month of July & August, which goes up to 86% while the mean monthly lowest percentage recorded is in March as 33%. TABLE 3.1 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA OF OBSERVATARY STATION AT SURAT, IMD, (1981-2010) Month Mean Temp. Mean Mean Mean Prominent Wind (°C) Relative Humidity Wind Speed Monthly Direction (%) (Km.p.h) Total Daily Daily 08:30 17.30 Rainfall (mm) Max Min January 30.8 15.2 68 41 3.7 1.5 N February 32.3 16.7 64 34 3.5 0.3 N March 35.4 20.7 64 33 3.6 0.4 NW April 36.7 24.0 66 42 4.7 0.2 SW May 35.8 26.8 70 58 8.0 3.9 SW June 34.0 27.0 78 70 8.3 245.2 SW July 31.2 25.9 86 80 8.1 466.3 SW August 30.8 25.5 86 79 6.6 283.8 SW September 32.3 25.4 83 70 3.7 151.8 SW October 35.1 23.3 73 52 2.3 41.8 NE November 34.1 19.6 65 44 2.7 7.1 NE December 31.9 16.5 67 43 2.9 0.6 N Annual Total 33.4 22.2 73.0 53.0 4.8 1202.9 -- Or Mean Source: IMD, Ahmedabad.
3.4.2 MICRO-METEOROLOGY OF THE AREA The study was conducted during the months October, November and December (i.e. 1st October 2017 to 31st December 2017), which are considered to be representative of Post-monsoon and winter season.
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3.4.2.1 TEMPERATURE The maximum temperature 29.9ºC reached in October 2017 which represent the hot month. The coldest month was December when temperature drops to 22.2ºC. During the other months, temperature was more or less moderate in nature and pleasant to bear. 3.4.2.2 RAINFALL The total 3.6 mm rainfall was observed during the study period. 3.4.2.3 WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTION The predominant wind direction during this Study period is observed to be blowing from North East. Average wind speed during this period is 1.1 m/s. Calm wind during this period 32.7 %. The wind rose diagram processed by ISCST3 software from data collected at site is shown in figure - 3.2. Site-specific mean meteorological data is given in table 3.2. The wind rose diagram processed by ISCST3 software from data collected at site is shown in figure-3.2. Please refer Annexure-XXVIII for detail site specific micro meteorological data.
TABLE 3.2 SITE SPECIFIC METEOROLOGICAL DATA (1st October 2017 to 31st December 2017) METEOROLOGICAL MONTH OF YEAR 2017 PARAMETER Oct Nov Dec Temperature (0C) Min. 19.3 14.03 13.1 Max. 38.6 35.6 31.6 Avg. 29.9 25.28 22.2 Relative Humidity (%) Min. 17.0 15.0 14.0 Max. 92.0 92.0 90.0 Avg. 47.3 68.9 69.0 Wind Speed (m/s) Min. < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 Max. 4.0 4.5 3.5 Avg. 0.8 1.2 1.4 Rain fall (mm) Min. 0 0 0 Max. 0.2 0.3 0 Total 1.5 2.1 0
TABLE 3.3: COLLATION OF PRIMARY METEOROLOGICAL DATA WITH SECONDARY DATA Sr. Parameter Study Period Data (Oct to Dec- 2017) Remarks no. Site specific (24 hr.) IMD long term 1981 to 2010 (8.30 hr and 17.30 hr) 1. Wind Speed Average Wind Speed is Average Wind Speed is Difference is probably 1.0 m/s 0.75 m/s ascribable the fact that IMD readings are only taken in the morning and evening while site specific data is for 24 hour readings. Also the Site is far away from Surat IMD approx. 25 km. 2. Wind Wind blows Wind blows Generally similar, minor Direction predominantly from NE predominantly divergences noted can be to SW direction. Calm from NE to SW direction. ascribed to locational Conditions: 32.78% Calm Conditions: 30%. differences, differences in 3. Temperature Max.:35.26°C Max.: 33.70°C number of readings and Min.:15.47°C Min.: 19.80°C duration of studies.(One 4. Relative Max.:91.33% Max.:68.33 % year v/s long term) Humidity Min.:15.33% Min.:46.33 %
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 3-52 Report No. 1718A058
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
FIGURE 3.4 WIND ROSE DIAGRAM
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
FIGURE 3.5 WIND CLASS FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM
3.4.3 INTERPRETATION OF METEOROLOGY DATA Avg. wind speed was 1.1 m/s and mostly the afternoon hours are windier. Maximum wind speed recorded was 5.0 m/s. Wind blows predominantly from NE to SW. Calm wind contribute to about 32.7% of all winds. Mean Avg. temperature was recorded was 25.79deg. C with mean maximum temperature recorded was 35.26 deg. C and minimum of 15.47 deg.C Mean average humidity was 61.73% with maximum humidity recorded as 91.33% and minimum of 15.33%. It is interpreted that chances of maximum dispersion of pollutant is in SW direction during this period. Other direction will also be impacted.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 3-54 Report No. 1718A058
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3.5 GEOLOGICAL AND HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL STUDY 3.5.1 Introduction This brief note deals with the field observations carried out to ascertain geological study, Hydro- geological inventory and nature and behavior of subsurface formation such as thickness of topsoil, weathered formation/ persistence of any soft-hard rock below ground level for EIA study for proposed expansion of dyes and chemicals manufacturing unit of M/s Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd at Block No. 484, 502, 503-A 504 & 505, N.H. No. 8, Palsana-394315, Dist: Surat, Gujarat. The field work was done during October to December 2017. Geomorphological, geological and hydro geological inventory of the area was carried out and all possible technical details were collected from the plant area as well as surrounding area.
3.5.2 Methodology The study was done in following phases viz. (a) Geo-morphological, (b) Geological, (c) Hydro-geological.
3.5.3 LOCATION Geographical position of the area is latitude 21°05’46.77” N and longitude 72°58’31.57” E at Block No. 484, 502, 503-A 504 & 505, N.H. No. 8, Palsana-394315, Dist: Surat, Gujarat. The studied area lies on toposheet no. F43M16/F43N4, (46C/16, 46G/4) as per Survey of India. FIG 3.6 TOPOSHEET
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3.5.4. Physiography and Climate The area has flat terrain with gentle slope from east to west. The average land slope is about 1: 1500 and the elevation ranges from 1 to 15 m AMSL. It has tropical monsoon climate which is moderated strongly by the Arabian Sea. The summer begins in March and lasts till June. Monsoon begins in late June and lasts up to September. The digital elevation model (DEM) of the buffer zone is given in Figure 3.6. The area in the buffer zone is covered by quaternary alluvium and characterized by flood plain of Tapi and Mindhola rivers. Mindhola River is about 3.5 km south of the proposed site. The thickness of the alluvium varies from 100 – 185 meters. There are marine tertiary deposits in the western part, which is covered under thick alluvium deposits.
FIGURE 3.7: DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM) OF THE BUFFER ZONE
Road
River
Places
0 1 2 3 4 km
Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals
3.5.5 DRAINAGE The main river in the buffer area is Mindhola river, which is about 3.5 km away from the plant. There are several small nallas and small rivulets scattered over the buffer area. All nallas confluence into Mindhola river and lastly merge with the Arabian Sea.
The surface topography and drainage map of the buffer zone are given in Figure 3.7 The contours have been generated using USGS SRTM hgt data analyzed in Quantum GIS and later modeled in Surfer 8.
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
FIGURE 3.8 (A) SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY CONTOUR AND DRAINAGE MAP OF BUFFER AREA
DRAINAGE MAP OF BUFFER AREA OF SPECTRUM DYES & CHEMICALS
72.88 72.9 72.92 72.94 72.96 72.98 73 73.02 73.04 73.06 73.08
21.18 21.18
Road 21.16 Bagumda 21.16 River
21.14 21.14 Places
21.12 Gangadhra 21.12 0 1 2 3 4 km
Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals 21.1Sachin town 2 21.1
Water level points 21.08 Palsana 21.08 LEGEND
r 21.06 ve 21.06 Ri la ho ind M
21.04 21.04
21.02 21.02
21 21 72.88 72.9 72.92 72.94 72.96 72.98 73 73.02 73.04 73.06 73.08
FIGURE 3.8 (B) DRAINAGE PATTERN MAP
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 3-57 Report No. 1718A058
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3.5.6 GEOLOGY
Detailed hydrogeological study has been conducted in the buffer zone. The study reveals that there are alternating beds of fine, medium and coarse grained sand and clay. Granular sediments are more abundant in the southern part of Tapi River. In isolated patches granular aquifer has been encountered with thickness above 60 m. Thickness of gravel bed is about 30 m. In Palsana sticky blue tertiary clay horizon occurs at a depth of 110 m bgl.The geological map of the study area is presented in Figure-3.9 below. Table 3.4: STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE OF THE AREA ERA PERIOD AGE LITHOLOGY
Quaternary Holocene Sand, silt, clay with gravel bed Pleistocene Coarse sand, clay, Kankar Tertiary Pliocene Claystone, Sandstone, Conglomerate Miocene Conglomerate, Fossil limestone, calcareous sandstone. CENOZOIC
FIGURE 3.9 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF STUDY AREA GSI-Data Base-1997 (Scale 1:250,000)
Map source: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/76562/8/08_chapter%202.pdf
3.5.7 SEISMIC ZONE The area falls in the moderate risk zone of seismic zonetion to limit of III seismicity zone (ISI). Earthquake epicenter in south west of Surat has been reported by GSI towards coastal bank. The studied area belongs to Alluvial –fill along intracratonic linear depressions. The Bouger Gravity Anomaly varies between 10 to 30 m Gal.Please refer Figure-3.10.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 3-58 Report No. 1718A058
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
FIGURE 3.10 SEISMOTECTONICS MAP OF STUDY AREA
Source: Narmada, Water Resources, Water Supply and Kalpsar Department (2010)
3.5.8 HYDROGEOLOGY According to the Groundwater Brochure of Surat District, Gujarat published by CGWB (available at http://www.cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Gujarat/Surat.pdf, Groundwater in the area occurs, mainly under unconfined, semi confined and unconfined condition in near surface aquifer as well as in deeper aquifer in the quaternary sediments, comprising mostly of medium to coarse-grained loose sand, pebbles that extends, in general, down to a depth of 50 meters below ground level in quaternary sediments.. In major area in Palsana and its surroundings bore wells operate mainly and tap deeper aquifers. This horizon acts as potential aquifer in the area and most of the bore wells operating in the area are restricted to 40 to 100 meters depth within this horizon. However, deeper aquifer beyond 100 meter depth is encountered at some places in a narrow zone of saturation in the quaternary sediments of older age.
Figure 3.11: Geological Cross section of the area ( Sourced from Hydrological report of M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, 2011)
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3.5.9 Depth to Water Level Condition Groundwater prospects are good to excellent in alluvial plains and flood plains. The depth of groundwater level is ranging between 3m to 10m below ground level. The lithological unit comprises alluvial deposit. The general direction of groundwater flow is north east to south west or westerly. Groundwater quality in the area is marginal at some patches quality of groundwater is good and at some places quality of groundwater is not drinkable. Water samples were analyzed and incorporated for detail chemical analysis. Water level 1.0m-6m below ground level have been measured from non-yielding/ yielding open well with good quality and good yield. Due to shallow water level and good groundwater condition density of green area with good crops observed in agriculture land, farmers are growing sugarcane, banana, and paddy etc. infields. Surrounding village water supply is totally based on local water source system of individual village. Water Level Data The buffer area has very good groundwater resource. Central Groundwater Board regularly monitors groundwater level in this area. There are 4 monitoring stations within the buffer zone of which Palsana is one. The groundwater level data published in http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/have been utilised for preparing the water level information. The groundwater levels of four stations falling within the buffer area are given below. TABLE 3.5 GROUNDWATER LEVELS OF FOUR STATIONS FALLING WITHIN THE BUFFER AREA DISTRICT BLOCK_NAME LAT LON SITE_NAME SITE_TYPE PREMONSOON Surat Palsana 21.07778 72.99167 Palsana Dug Well 2.84 Surat Palsana 21.11861 73.07528 Gangadhra Dug Well 10.85 Dug Cum Surat Palsana 21.15833 72.98889 Bagumda Bore Well 5.54 Sachin town- Surat Chorasi 21.09167 72.875 2 Dug Well 4.92 Data source: http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/
FIGURE 3.12 AVERAGE DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL MAP
DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL MAP OF BUFFER AREA OF SPECTRUM DYES & CHEMICALS POST MONSOON 2017 (Based on India WRIS data) 72.88 72.9 72.92 72.94 72.96 72.98 73 73.02 73.04 73.06 73.08
21.18 21.18
Road Bagumda 21.16 21.16 River
Places 21.14 21.14
21.12 Gangadhra 21.12 0 1 2 3 4 km
Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals 21.1Sachin town 2 21.1 Water level points
21.08 Palsana 21.08 LEGEND
21.06 21.06
DWL 9 mbgl
21.04 21.04
DWL 7 mbgl
21.02 21.02
DWL 5 mbgl
21 21 72.88 72.9 72.92 72.94 72.96 72.98 73 73.02 73.04 73.06 73.08
DWL 3 mbgl
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3.6 AIR ENVIRONMENT
3.6.1 DESIGN OF NETWORK FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS The air quality status in the impact zone is assessed through a network of ambient air quality monitoring locations. The tropical climatic conditions mainly control the transport and dispersion of air pollutant during various seasons. The baseline studies for air environment include identification of specific air pollutants prior to implementation of the project. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study requires monitoring of baseline air quality during one season. Accordingly, air quality monitoring was carried out in the period of 1st October 2017 to 31st December 2017. The baseline status of the air environment is assessed through a systematic air quality surveillance program, which is planned based on the following criteria: Topography / terrain of the study area, Regional synoptic scale climatologically normal, Densely populated areas within the region, Location of surrounding industries, Representation of regional background, Representation of valid cross-sectional distribution in downwind direction.
3.6.2 RECONNAISSANCE Reconnaissance was undertaken to establish the baseline status of air environment in the study region. Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in the period of 1st October 2017 to 31st December 2017. Eight Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) locations were selected based on guidelines of network sitting criteria. All AAQM locations were selected within the study area of 10 Km radial distance from the project site.
3.6.3 METHODOLOGY FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND RESULT The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in accordance with guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of June 1998 and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of CPCB of November 2009. The monitoring was carried out 24 hours a day twice a week per location in the study area except the project site, where continuous monitoring was carried out. Twenty four numbers of observations were taken at each monitoring location except the project site. Methods used for analysis of Different ambient air Quality mentioned in table no 3.6The locations of the different stations with respect to its distance and direction from project site are shown in Table 3.7 and figure 3.13 respectively. The monitoring locations were selected on the basis of predominant wind directions as per guidelines.
TABLE 3.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY PARAMETER AND ANALYSIS METHOD
Sr No. Parameter Method 1. PM10 RDS and measured by gravimetric method 2. PM2.5 FDS and measured by gravimetric method 3. SO2 Improved west and Gaecke Method 4. NOX Jacobs and Hoccheiser Modified (sodium Arsenite) Method 5. VOC VOC Analyzer 6. CO Gas Chromatography
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
TABLE 3.7 DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS BEARING W.R.T. SELECTION S. PROJECT SITE LATITUDE/ TYPE OF LOCATION CRITERIA No. WITH LONGITUDE AREA DISTANCE(KM)
21° 05'45.58"N, Project Site 1. PROJECT SITE (A1) - Industrial 72° 58'30.46"E
2.4 km 21° 04'43.45"N, Down Wind 2. ITALVA (A2) Residential SW 72° 57'39.61"E
8.30 km 21° 03'00.88"N, Down Wind 3. KAPLETHA (A3) Residential SWW 72° 54'48.64"E
1.5 km 21° 06'25.58"N, Up Wind 4. BALESHWAR (A4) Residential E 72° 59'00.29"E
5.5 km 21° 05'59.63"N, Cross Wind 5. VAKTANA (A5) Residential W 72° 55'22.95"E
2.7 km 21° 05'55.33"N, Cross Wind 6. BHATPOR (A6) Residential E 73° 00'05.03"E
2.5 km 21° 04'55.22"N, Down Wind 7. MAKHINGA (A7) Residential S 72° 58'38.08"E
1.8 km 21° 04'55.22"N, Cross Wind 8. PALSANA (A8) Residential SE 72° 59'09.01"E
Ambient Air Quality Sampling Ground Water Sampling
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FIGURE 3.13 MAP OF MONITORING STATIONS
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3.6.4 RESULTS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY The results of ambient air quality are summarized in Table 3.8. National ambient air quality monitoring standards are enclosed as Annexure-XXIX. Detailed ambient air quality test results are shown in Annexure- XLI.
Table 3.8 SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY TEST RESULTS (µG/M3)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX CO VOC HCL CL2 NAAQ 100 60 80 80 2000 05 200 100 Standard limit A1 Project Site Min 63.20 31.60 17.90 21.40 510.00 0.70 130.00 60.00 Max 65.20 34.20 19.60 23.40 540.00 0.90 150.00 75.00 Mean 64.16 33.05 18.60 22.25 525.21 0.83 138.13 67.08 98th percentile 65.20 34.20 19.46 23.31 537.70 0.90 147.70 75.00 A2 Italva Min 60.20 32.20 14.60 17.20 240.00 ND ND ND Max 63.40 34.70 15.80 19.10 270.00 ND ND ND Mean 61.86 33.53 15.19 18.28 255.00 ND ND ND 98th percentile 63.40 34.65 15.71 19.05 270.00 ND ND ND A3 Kapletha Min 58.30 30.00 14.30 17.20 230.00 ND ND ND Max 60.70 33.50 17.10 19.20 250.00 ND ND ND Mean 59.91 31.70 16.18 18.27 239.58 ND ND ND 98th percentile 60.65 33.45 17.10 19.11 250.00 ND ND ND A4 Baleshwar Min 61.40 30.40 14.60 17.10 250.00 ND ND ND Max 63.80 33.10 15.80 19.10 280.00 ND ND ND Mean 62.65 32.24 15.20 18.22 261.88 ND ND ND 98th percentile 63.62 33.10 15.71 19.05 280.00 ND ND ND A5 Vaktana Min 60.20 29.40 14.30 17.20 260.00 ND ND ND Max 62.70 32.20 16.70 19.90 290.00 ND ND ND Mean 61.16 30.77 15.60 18.50 271.67 ND ND ND 98th percentile 62.52 32.06 16.61 19.85 287.70 ND ND ND A6 Bhatpor Min 59.90 29.30 15.30 17.50 305.00 ND ND ND Max 63.70 33.20 17.10 20.10 320.00 ND ND ND Mean 61.25 31.23 16.29 18.75 310.83 ND ND ND 98th percentile 63.47 33.11 17.10 19.87 320.00 ND ND ND A7 Makhinga Min 60.20 30.20 15.60 20.40 370.00 ND ND ND Max 62.50 34.40 17.00 22.30 400.00 ND ND ND Mean 61.08 31.75 16.17 21.32 380.00 ND ND ND 98th percentile 62.32 33.85 16.91 22.21 395.40 ND ND ND A8 Palsana Min 56.20 31.20 16.30 20.40 395.00 ND ND ND Max 62.50 33.60 18.90 24.10 425.00 ND ND ND Mean 60.30 32.39 17.56 22.47 411.67 ND ND ND 98th percentile 62.27 33.55 18.81 24.10 425.00 ND ND ND
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3.6.5 OBSERVATIONS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 3 3 3 3 PM10 varied between 56.20 µg/m to 63.20 µg/m (min); 60.70 µg/m to 65.20 µg/m (max); 59.91 µg/m3 64.16 µg/m3 (mean) ; 60.65 µg/m3 to 65.20 µg/m3 (98th percentile). 3 3 3 3 PM2.5 varied between 29.30 µg/m to 32.20 µg/m (min); 32.20 µg/m to 34.70 µg/m (max); 30.77 µg/m3 to 33.53 µg/m3 (mean); 32.06 µg/m3 to 34.65 µg/m3 (98th percentile). 3 3 3 3 SO2 varied between 14.30 µg/m to 17.90 µg/m (min); 15.80 µg/m to 19.60 µg/m (max); 15.19 µg/m3 to 18.60 µg/m3 (mean); 15.71µg/m3 to 19.46 µg/m3 (98th percentile). NOx varied between 17.10 µg/m3 to 21.40 µg/m3 (min); 19.10µg/m3 to 24.10 µg/m3 (max); 18.22 µg/m3 to 22.47 µg/m3 (mean) ; 19.05 µg/m3 to 24.10 µg/m3 (98th percentile). CO varied between 230.00 µg/m3 to 510.00 µg/m3 (min); 250µg/m3 to 540µg/m3 (max); 239.58 µg/m3 to 525.21 µg/m3 (mean); 250 µg/m3 to 537.70 µg/m3 (98th percentile).
From the above mentioned results it is observed that PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, VOC and CO concentrations are well below the stipulated standards of CPCB/GPCB. VOC detected at project site only and its concentration is 0.70 µg/m3 (min); 0.90 µg/m3 (max); 0.83 µg/m3 (mean); 0.90 µg/m3 (98th percentile). HCL detected a project site only and its concentration is 130.00µg/m3 (min); 150.00µg/m3 (max); 138.13 µg/m3 (mean); 147.70 µg/m3 (98th percentile). CL2 detected a project site only and its concentration is 60.00µg/m3 (min); 75.00µg/m3 (max); 67.08µg/m3 (mean); 75.0 µg/m3 (98th percentile).
3.6.6 INTERPRETATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA Based on comparative study of results for tested parameters with NAAQS, it is interpreted that ambient air quality of studied locations is good as all results are well within the limit. Test data for PM2.5 and PM10 have been found near to the standard limit. Considering this, proper air pollution control measures must be adopted by the industry.
3.7 WATER ENVIRONMENT
SURFACE WATER Mindola River is the main perennial surface water source or surface water body within the study area which is in south direction of the project area. All Khadi confluence into Mindola river and lastly merge in Arabian Sea.
GROUND WATER Groundwater quality in the studied area is saline (brackish to saline) and not good for cultivation purpose, saline to marginal towards eastern area at some patches and at some places towards eastern bank far from coastal bank are good and in some area quality of groundwater is not drinkable.. The quality of groundwater is slightly better when move towards eastern periphery or far from coastal bank. So, in alluvial plains & flood plains quality is slightly better and farmers are using for cultivation of two crops in a year. The depth of groundwater level is ranging between 0.10 m to 6.0 m below ground level which depends on topography as well coastal bank distance. The litho unit comprises older and younger tidal flat deposits. The general direction of groundwater flow is north east to south west or westerly or towards Arabian Sea. All nallas confluence into Mindhola river & lastly merge in Arabian Sea. Water level 0.10 m-6.0 m below ground level have been measured from none yielding/ yielding open well with saline quality but good yield. As the slope is low, runoff becomes less and as a result the seep rate increases as per flat topographical condition of the area, water seeps through top brown black soil with few silt below that kankar concentration /yellow sticky non permeable clay/silt with gravel/ sand over 125 ft depth observed at drilling under progress at which may persists over 50 m below ground level.
3.7.1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND RESULT Water quality survey to assess the quality of both surface and ground water has been conducted during the winter season. Sixteen samples of water drawn from different sources have been analyzed as per prescribed testing standards. The list of sampling stations is given in Table 3.9 and Figure 3.13. The analytical results of
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TABLE 3.9 LOCATION OF WATER SAMPLING STATIONS BEARING Source Date of sample S. SAMPLING W.R.T. PROJECT Latitude/ collected NO. LOCATIONS SITE WITH Longitude DISTANCE(KM) SURFACE WATER Mindhola River Nr. 2.5 km 21° 04'43.58"N, River 6/11/2017 1. Palsana (SW1) SE 72° 59'28.29"E (Up-Stream) Mindhola River Nr. 2.7 km 21° 04'28.48"N, River 2. Intalva (SW2) SW 72° 57'48.36"E (Down-Stream) Baleshwar Pond 1.5 km 21° 06'25.58"N, Pond 3. (SW3) E 72° 59'00.29"E 2.4 km 21° 04'43.45"N, Pond 4. Italva Pond (SW4) SW 72° 57'39.61"E Canal Nr.NH-8 0.8 km 21° 05'21.41"N, Canal 7/11/2017 5. (SW5) S 72° 58'38.28"E 2 km 21° 05'21.41"N, Pond 6. Vadala Pond (SW6) NW 72° 58'38.28"E Khadi Nr.CETP 1.2 km 21° 06'20.90"N, Khadi 7. (SW-7) NW 72° 58'18.03"E (Down-Stream) Khadi Nr.NH- 1.7 km 21° 05'57.41"N, Khadi 8 8(SW-8) W 72° 57'51.20"E (Up-Stream) GROUND WATER 21° 05'45.58"N, Bore-well 6/11/2017 1. Project site (GW1) - 72° 58'30.46"E 1.8 km 21° 04'55.22"N, Bore-well 2. Palsana(GW2) SE 72° 59'09.01"E 1.5 km 21° 06'25.58"N, Bore-well 3. Baleshwar (GW3) E 72° 59'00.29"E Kapletha (GW4) 8.30 km 21° 03'00.88"N, Bore-well 4. SWW 72° 54'48.64"E 2.4 km 21° 04'43.45"N, Bore-well 7/11/2017 5. Italva (GW5) SW 72° 57'39.61"E 2.95 km 21° 05'05.75"N, Bore-well 6. Taraj (GW6) SWW 72° 56'58.91"E 2.3 km 21° 06'50.75"N, Bore-well 7. Vadala (GW7) NW 72° 57'54.91"E 2.7 km 21° 05'55.33"N, Bore-well 8. Bhatpor (GW8) E 73° 00'05.03"E
TABLE 3.10 EXISTING ETP INLET & OUTLET ANALYSIS Result Sr. GPCB Parameter Unit 01/12//2017 No. Standards ETP Inlet Final Outlet 1 pH pH unit 6.5 to 8.5 3.29 7.34 2 Temperature °C 40 31.0 29.0 3 Colour Pt. Co. 100 190 80.0 4 TSS mg/L 300 368 82.0 5 Oil & Grease mg/L 10 4.80 1.60 6 Phenolic Compound mg/L 1 2.10 0.80 7 Sulphides mg/L 2 1.30 0.60 8 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/L 50 340 30.0 20 9 BOD 5 mg/L 400 2214 175 10 COD mg/L 1000 7000 560 11 TDS mg/L 2100 31244 1892
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TABLE 3.11 SURFACE WATER RESULTS Sr. Parameter Unit Drinking Water Mindhola Mindhola Baleshwar Italva Canal Nr. Vadala Khadi Nr. Khadi Nr. No. River Nr. River Nr. Pond Pond NH-8 Pond CETP NH-8 Standards IS 10500: 1992 Palsana Intalva (Sw-3) (Sw-4) (Sw-5) (Sw-6) (Sw-7) (Sw-8 (Reaffirmed 2012) (Sw-1) (Sw-2) (Upstrea (Downstr Desirable Permissible m) eam) Limit Limit
pH pH 6.5 – 8.5 No Relaxation 7.46 7.57 6.80 6.92 7.00 7.12 6.80 6.80 1. Unit 2. Temperature 0C - - 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 3. Odour -- Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Colour Pt/Co 5 15 <5 <5 60 50 <5 40 160 140 4. metho d 5. Turbidity NTU 1 5 0.80 0.90 5.80 6.20 4.00 5.70 32.4 30.2 Total mg/l 500 2000 680 722 402 436 238 458 1088 992 6. Dissolved Solids Chemical mg/l - - 8.00 12.0 32.0 48.0 8.00 32.0 96.0 80.0 7. Oxygen Demand BOD 3 days mg/l - - 3.00 3.00 9.0 12.0 2.00 9.00 30.0 24.0 8. at 27 0C Dissolved mg/l - - 6.90 6.90 6.40 6.00 6.90 6.40 6.40 6.00 9. Oxygen Ammonical mg/l - - ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.27 1.12 10 Nitrogen 11. Nitrate mg/l 45 No Relaxation 12.0 14.0 22.0 26.0 10.0 22.0 24.0 28.0 12. Calcium as mg/l 75 200 56.0 60.0 40.0 46.0 32.0 49.0 102.4 96.02
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Ca+2 Magnesium mg/l 30 100 36.45 38.73 17.01 19.27 7.29 17.73 56.8 43.74 13. as mg+2 Chlorides mg/l 250 1000 75.0 87.0 65.0 78.0 25.0 76.0 210 180 14. (as Cl –) Sulphate (as mg/l 200 No Relaxation 12.0 16.0 12.0 18.0 8.00 16.0 34.0 28.0 15. - SO4 ) 16. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3 No Relaxation 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.06 0.12 0.20 0.16 Carbonate as mg/l - - 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 17. CO3 Bicarbonate mg/l - - 280 290 140 160 110 175 420 400 18. as HCO3 Total mg/l - - 0.06 0.05 0.20 0.15 0.09 0.12 0.28 0.32 19. Phosphate
Note: The parameters analyzed in Surface water as per IS 10500-2012
Existing ETP Sampling Inlet & Outlet Are Attached As Annexure-XVI
3.7.2 SUMMARY OF SURFACE WATER ANALYSIS The pH varied 6.80 to 7.57; Total Dissolved Solids 238 mg/L to 1088 mg/L; Chemical Oxygen Demand 8.0 mg/L to 96.0 mg/L; Biochemical Oxygen Demand for 3 days at 270C 2.0 mg/L to 30 mg/L; Nitrate 10.0 mg/L to 28.0 mg/L; Chloride 25.0 mg/L to 210 mg/L; Sulphate 8.0 mg/L to 34.0 mg/L. Turbidity 0.80 NTU to 32.4 NTU, Calcium Ca+2 32.0 mg/L to 102.4 mg/L, Magnesium mg+2 7.29 mg/L to 56.8 mg/L.
3.7.3 INTERPRETATION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY DATA Based on test result data comparison study, it is interpreted that River water quality meets with drinking water norms as per IS 10500:2012. Results of TDS are higher then the desirable limit which indicates that water has been contaminated. It may be due to directly or indirectly contamination with sewage and effluent. This water should not be directly used in drinking purpose but it can be used in drinking after conventional treatment followed by disinfection. This water can be used in irrigation and other domestic purposes.
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TABLE 3.12 GROUND WATER RESULTS UNIT Drinking Water Standards IS 10500: 1992 PROJECT Sr. Palsana Baleshwar Kapletha Intalva Taraj Vadadala Bhatpor PARAMETER (Reaffirmed 2012) SITE NO. (GW-2) (GW-3) (GW-4) (GW-5) (GW-6) (GW-7) (GW-8) Desirable Permissible (GW-1) Limit Limit 1. pH pH Unit 6.5 – 8.5 No Relaxation 7.08 6.72 6.90 6.88 7.27 6.68 6.92 6.86 2. Temperature 0C - - 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 3. Odour -- Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Colour Pt/Co 5 15 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 4. method 5. Conductivity µmhos/cm 1 5 1584 1472 1675 1892 2220 1024 948 830 Total Dissolved mg/l 500 2000 1048 978 1090 1278 1448 610 590 540 6. Solids Chemical Oxygen mg/l - - 8.00 8.00 16.0 8.00 12.0 8.00 8.00 8.00 7. Demand 8. Nitrate mg/l 45 No Relaxation 6.00 12.0 16.0 15.0 24.0 8.00 10.0 12.0 9. Calcium as Ca+2 mg/l 75 200 42.0 32.0 36.0 84.0 76.0 48.0 38.0 36.0 10. Magnesium as mg+2 mg/l 30 100 22.24 24.12 26.73 36.42 31.59 29.6 27.4 26.73 11. Chlorides (as Cl –) mg/l 250 1000 240 210 240 545 500 80.0 70.0 60.0 - 12. Sulphate (as SO4 ) mg/l 0.05 No Relaxation 56.0 48.0 56.0 72.0 64.0 40.0 36.0 32.0 13. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3 No Relaxation 0.18 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.08
14. Carbonate as CO3 mg/l - - 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Bicarbonate as mg/l - - 360 430 450 320 300 280 290 260 15. HCO3 16. Ortho Phosphate mg/l - - ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Note: The parameters analyzed in Ground water as per IS 10500-2012
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3.7.4 SUMMARY OF GROUND WATER ANALYSIS The pH varied 6.72 to 7.27; Total Dissolved Solids 540 mg/L to 1448 mg/L; Chemical Oxygen Demand 8.0 mg/L to 16.0 mg/L; Nitrate 6.0 mg/L to 24.0 mg/L; Calcium as Ca+2 32.0 mg/L to 84.0 mg/L, Magnesium mg+2 22.24 mg/L to 36.42 mg/L; Chloride 60.0 mg/L to 545.0 mg/L; Sulphate 32.0 mg/L to 72.0 mg/L.
3.7.5 INTERPRETATION OF GROUND WATER QUALITY DATA Most of the parameters for Ground Water samples were found within the limit as per drinking water norms IS10500:2012. During the analysis it was also found that TDS for the ground water sample collected from kapletha & intalva village were found more than the desirable limits, however mostly all parameters are below permissible limits. Though the samples meet permissible limits as per IS: 10,500 however, values of Calcium, Magnesium and Chlorides in Kapletha and Intalva GW samples have been found to more than the deairable limits due to directly or indirectly contamination with sewage and effluent. Based on above data, it is interpreted that the ground water quality of all the villages meets with the drinking water norms. However this water shall be used for drinking after conventional treatment. It can directly used for domestic purposes.
3.8 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The objective of the noise pollution survey around the project site was to identify existing noise sources and to measure background noise levels. The study was carried out in the following steps: Reconnaissance, Identification of noise sources and measurement of noise levels, Measurement of noise levels due to transportation, Community noise levels,
3.8.1 RECONNAISSANCE The details of location of background and transportation noise monitoring station are given in Table-3.12, while the results of noise monitoring are given in Table-3.13.
3.8.2 EQUIVALENT SOUND LEVELS OR EQUIVALENT CONTINUOUS EQUAL ENERGY LEVEL (Leq) There is large number of noise scales and rating methods based on some sort of average of weighted average quantities derived from the detailed noise characteristics. Equivalent sound levels or Equivalent continuous equal energy level (Leq) is a statistical value of sound pressure level that can be equated to any fluctuating noise level and forms a useful measure of noise exposure and forms basis of several of the noise indices used presently. Leq is defined as the constant noise level, which over a given time, expands the same amount of energy, as is expanded by the fluctuating level over the same time. This value is expressed by the equation:
i=n Li/10 Leq = 10 log (10) ti
Where, n = Total number i=1 of sound samples, Li = The noise level of any ith sample ti = Time duration of ith sample, Expressed as fraction of total sample time Leq has gained wide spread acceptance as a scale for the measurement of long term noise exposure. Hourly equipment noise levels in the identified impact zone are monitored for day and night time separately using sound level meter. All the values are reported in Leq and in case of equipment noise, Sound pressure level are monitored 1.5 m away from the machine and assessed with respect to standard prescribed in factory Act.
3.8.3 METHODOLOGY FOR NOISE MONITORING Noise standards have been designated for different types of area i.e. residential, commercial, industrial and silence zones, as per ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, Notified by Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, February 14, 2000. Different standards have been stipulated for day time (6 am to 10 pm) and night time (10 pm to 6 am). Ambient noise level monitoring was done at same locations where ambient air monitoring was carried out within a study area. Noise monitoring locations are shown in Figure-3.13. The locations are away from the major roads and major noise sources so as to measure ambient noise levels. One time monitoring was carried out at all the locations during 9th octobr to 15th december. The frequency of monitoring was set at an interval of 15 seconds over a period of 10 minutes per hour for 24-hours. The observed Equivalent sound levels (Leq) values in dBA are given in table 3.13 for each monitoring location in distinguished form of day time (6 AM to 10 PM) and night time (10 PM to 6 AM). All measurements were carried out when the ambient conditions were unlikely to adversely affect the results.
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TABLE 3.13 LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING STATIONS S.NO. NAME OF BEARING W.R.T. LATITUDE / SELECTION DATE OF VILLAGE PROJECT SITE LONGITUDE CRITERIA SAMPLING WITH DISTANCE(KM) 1. PROJECT SITE 21° 05'45.58"N, 9/10/2017 - Industrial (N1) 72° 58'30.46"E 2. 2.4 km 21° 04'43.45"N, 16/10/2017 ITALVA (N2) Residential SW 72° 57'39.61"E 3. 8.30 km 21° 03'00.88"N, 23/10/2017 KAPLETHA (N3) Residential SWW 72° 54'48.64"E 4. BALESHWAR 1.5 km 21° 06'25.58"N, 1/11/2017 Residential (N4) E 72° 59'00.29"E 5. 5.6 km 21° 05'59.63"N, 15/11/2017 VAKTANA (N5) Residential W 72° 55'22.95"E 6. 2.7 km 21° 05'55.33"N, 22/11/2017 BHATPOR (N6) Residential E 73° 00'05.03"E MAKHINGA 2.5 km 21° 04'55.22"N, 1/12/2017 7. Residential (N7) S 72° 58'38.08"E 1.8 km 21° 04'55.22"N, 15/12/2017 8. PALSANA (N8) Residential SE 72° 59'09.01"E
TABLE 3.14 NOISE LEVELS DURING STUDY PERIOD NOISE LEVEL (Leq) NOISE LEVEL (Leq) IN CATEGORY IN dBA (DAY TIME) dBA (NIGHT TIME) S. NO. LOCATION OF AREA (06:00 TO 21:00 HRS.) (21:00 TO 06:00 HRS.) (MIN-MAX) (MIN-MAX) 1. PROJECT SITE (N1) Industrial 61.00-65.00 59.40-61.30 2. ITALVA (N2) Residential 60.80-64.30 55.50-60.20 3. KAPLETHA (N3) Residential 65.30-68.80 58.40-61.50 4. BALESHWAR (N4) Residential 60.10-64.40 59.20-61.60 5. VAKTANA (N5) Residential 60.10-64.40 58.10-60.20 6. BHATPOR (N6) Residential 65.30-68.80 58.40-61.50 7. MAKHINGA (N7) Residential 60.00-66.80 58.00-60.20 8. PALSANA (N8) Residential 60.80-64.70 54.20-60.10
TABLE 3.15 EXISTING SCENARIO OF NOISE LEVEL AT POINT SOURCE / SHOP FLOOR
NOISE LEVEL IN dB(A) S.NO. LOCATION OF POINT SOURCE WITHIN PREMISES (24 hrs average) 1. P1. Existing Utility 75.4 2. P2. Plant Building 57 3. P3. Factory Area 80 4. P4. D.G. Set 78
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FIGURE 3.14 (A). NOISE LEVEL DUING DAY TIME (06:00 TO 21:00 HRS.)
FIGURE 3.14(B). NOISE LEVEL DURING NIGHT TIME (21:00 TO 06:00 HRS.)
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3.8.4 SUMMARY OF NOISE LEVEL (STUDY AREA) The noise level measured in study area at different eight locations is given in Table 3.13 &Figure3.18 (A&B). The Project site is only pertaining in category of industrial area and the noise level was found between 61.00 dBA to 65.0 dBA in daytime and 59.40 dBA to 61.30dBA in night time. The noise levels varied in the residential area of the study area during day time [night time] in the range of 60.10-68.80 [54.20-61.60] dBA. CPCB recommendation for community noise exposure in different category of area i.e. residential, commercial, industrial and silence zone is enclosed as Annexure-XXXII, while Damage risk criteria for hearing loss given by occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) is enclosed as Annexure-XXXIII. The observed noise levels were below the stipulated standards of CPCB.
3.8.5 NOISE LEVELS (TRANSPORTATION) Noise levels were also measured at three different locations for transportation noise on 22nd Nov, 2017. The equivalent noise level Leq (60 min average) measured at a distance of 10 m and 20 m from the edge of the road at each of the locations are presented in Table 3.16
TABLE 3.16 NOISE LEVELS DUE TO TRANSPORTATION (NOV, 2017) NOISE LEVEL IN dBA SAMPLING S.NO. TIME LOCATION 10 M FROM EDGE 20 M FROM EDGE OF THE ROAD OF THE ROAD 1. Project Site- Main Gate 65.2 63.5 Day of M/s. Spectrum Dyes 57.9 52.1 Night &Chemical Pvt. Ltd. 2. Junction of major 62.7 60.8 Day Road 54.5 51.8 Night 3. 59.6 58.2 Day At NH No. 8 at Palsana 52.3 50.1 Night
3.8.6 INTERPRETATION OF NOISE DATA Based on noise level data obtained during the survey for residential area it is interpreted that the equivalent noise level for the studied locations are within the limit as per MOEF&CC and in industrial area it was also found within the limit. The maximum noise level in the industrial zone sometimes exceeded the limit during the survey. Looking towards the increase in noise generating sources it is suggested that there is need to apply noise reducing devices at noise generating sources and generate public awareness. Cumulative noise modeling of the factory area, plant building, boiler is done and shown in Chapter-4.
3.9 TRAFFIC DENSITY Total 28 trucks per day would be required for the transportation of raw material and finished goods. The traffic contribution from proposed plant to the outside road network connecting SH-168 (4 lane) and NH-8 (6 lane).
Capacity values of 7.5 m and 11.0 m wide road spaces, with traffic in one direction, were obtained as about 3,200 and 4,500 cars per hour respectively. The tentative capacity values, for mixed traffic, as per IRC:86- 19837 (Indian Road Congress), for one-way traffic movement, on two lane (7.5 m) and three-lane (10.5 m) urban arterial are, respectively, 2,400 and 3,600 PCU per hour. Compared to the stipulated standards by IRC for traffic capacity of the roads, it can be observed that the existing road network is adequate to cater additional 28 trucks per day.
3.9.1 INTERPRETATION OF TRAFFIC STUDY Based on LOS value National Highway No. 8 is good and State Highway No.168 is good enough to take care of the additional traffic load from the proposed expansion project.
3.10 LAND (SOIL) ENVIRONMENT 3.10.1 BASELINE STATUS OF SOIL OF STUDY AREA Soil samples were collected from ten different locations within the study (0-20 cm depth) area in Nov 2017. The locations selected for collection of soil samples are presented in Table 3.17 and figure 3.14. The analysis results of soil samples collected from the study area given in Table 3.18.
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TABLE 3.17 SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR SOIL QUALITY BEARING W.R.T. SAMPLING SELECTION S. SAMPLING PROJECT SITE LATITUDE/ DATE CRITERIA NO. LOCATIONS WITH DISTANCE LONGITUDE (KM) - 21° 05'45.58"N, 7/11/2017 - 1 Project Site (S1) 72° 58'30.46"E 2.9 km 21° 05'04.41"N, (Agricultural 2 TARAJ (S2) SWW 72° 56'59.11"E Soil) BALESHWAR 1.5 km 21° 06'25.58"N, (Non- 3 (S3) E 72° 59'00.29"E Agriculture)
TABLE 3.18 PHYSICO-CHEMICALS CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL Sr. PARAMETER UNIT PROJECT TARAJ (S2) BALESHWAR (S3) NO. SITE (S1) (AGRICULTURAL) (NON AGRICULTURAL) 1. pH pH Unit 7.80 7.61 7.50 2. Bulk Density gm/cm3 1.42 1.34 1.38 3. Water Holding Capacity % 29.1 28.70 30.79 4. Porosity % 41.30 42.30 42.50 5. Colour -- Brown Black Brown 6. Specific Gravity -- 2.42 2.36 2.40 7. Total Dissolved Solids mg/kg 3140 2776 2880 8. Gravel % 00 00 00 9. Course Sand % 9.20 8.90 7.80 10. Medium Sand % 35.60 34.50 38.2 11. Find Sand % 55.20 56.60 54.00 12. Total Alkalinity mg/kg 792 782 772 13. Chlorides (as Cl –) mg/kg 1310 1290 1266 - 14. Sulphate (as SO4 ) mg/kg 285 262 272 15. Nitrogen as Nitrate mg/kg 60.0 52.0 50.0 16. Calcium mg/kg 372 380 360 17. Magnesium mg/kg 220 200 210 18. SAR --- 27.0 25.0 14.0 19. Total Organic Carbon % 0.32 0.26 0.12 Note: Parameter analyzed as per IS 2720-1992.
3.10.2 SUMMARY OF SOIL ANALYSIS DATA Different parameters are analyzed to know the quality of soil in the study area. The porosity and water holding capacity of soils are in the range of 41.30 % to 42.50 % and 28.70 % to 30.79 %. The TDS was present in range between 2776 mg/Kg to 3140 mg/Kg. Other parameters analyzed in soil sample were observed under stipulated limit. Chemical properties like pH are in the range of 7.50 to 7.80. Nitrate and Sulphate were observed in the range of 50 mg/Kg to 60 mg/Kg and 262 gm/Kg to 285 mg/kg and alkalinity 772 mg/Kg to 792 mg/Kg. Other parameters analyzed in soil sample were observed under stipulated limit.
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3.10.3 INTERPRETATION OF SOIL DATA The soil of the study area is termed as deep black soil which is originated from the decomposed Deccan Trap rock and deposited by the rivers originated from the western high lands. The soil is essentially sandy and has high porosity (>40%). Soil salinity is moderately high..
3.11 LAND USE PATTERN
Land Use (LU) refers to man’s activities and various uses, which are carried on land. Land Cover (LC) refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock / soil, artificial cover and others resulting due to land transformation. Although land use is generally inferred based on the cover, yet both the terms land use and land cover are closely related and interchangeable. Information on the rate and kind of change in the use of land resources is essential to the proper planning, management and regulation of the use of such resources. Knowledge about the existing land use and trends of change is essential if the nation is to tackle the problems associated with the haphazard and uncontrolled growth. A systematic framework is needed for updating the land use and land cover maps that will be timely, relatively inexpensive and appropriate for different needs at both national and state levels. The rapidly developing technology of remote sensing offers an efficient and timely approach to the mapping and collection of basic land use and land cover data over large area. The satellite imageries are potentially more amenable to digital processing because the remote sensor output can be obtained in digital format. Land use data are needed in the analysis of environmental processes and problems that must be understood if living conditions and standards are to be improved from or maintained at current levels. It is required to carry out the land use / land cover study for the project study area (10 Km radius) to obtain the necessary environmental clearances from statutory authorities. The objective of the study is to carryout land use / land cover study for the proposed project. The LU/LC study is carried out using the Satellite Imageries (IRS RS2 LISS IV FX) in addition to Survey of India toposheets. Appropriate guidelines are followed while preparing the LU/LC map for the project study area.
3.11.1 METHODOLOGY FOR LAND USE / LAND COVER MAPPING The land use / land cover map is prepared by adopting the interpretation techniques of the satellite image in conjunction with collateral data such as Survey of India topographical maps and census records. Image classification can be done by using visual interpretation techniques and digital classification using any of the image processing software. For the present study, ERDAS 9.1 version software is used for preprocessing, rectification, enhancements and classifying the satellite data for preparation of land use land cover map for assessing and monitoring the temporal changes in land use land cover and land developmental activities. The imagery is interpreted and ground checked for corrections. The final map is prepared after field check. Flow chart showing the methodology adopted is given in the different land use / land cover categories in the study area has been carried out based on the NRSC land use / land cover classification system. Flowchart showing the Methodology adopted for land use / land cover mapping is given. For analysis and interpretation, and preparation of LU / LC map, two types of data are needed: a. Basic data b. Ground data
Basic data includes: Fused data of LISS IV MX, Toposheets on 1:25000, Local knowledge, Area map on any scale to transfer details, Reports and other literature of the study area.
Ground data: Ground data is very much essential to verify and to increase the accuracy of the interpreted classes and also to minimize the field work.
Data analysis: For analysis and interpretation of satellite data, the study can be divided into three parts: A. Preliminary work, B. Field work, C. Post field work.
A. Preliminary work includes: To see the limitation of satellite data, To lay down the criteria for land use classification to be adopted, To fix the size of mapping units, which depends upon the scale, Interpretation of different land use/land cover classes,
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Demarcation of doubtful areas, Preparation of field land use/land cover map.
B. Field work: Type of ground data to be collected, Selection of sample area for final classification, Checking of doubtful areas, Change in land use/land cover due to wrong identification, fresh Development, nomenclature. General verification.
C. Post field work: Reinterpretation or analysis or correction of doubtful areas. Transfer of details on base map. Marginal information. Preparation of final land use/land cover map.
FLOWCHART
Basic data Data source Secondary data
IRS LISS IV MX
Preparation Khariff Rabi of base season season maps
Development of
interpretation keys based on
image characteristics. Interpretation and mapping of land
use /land cover categories
Ground verification of doubtful areas Validation and final and modification of thematic details interpretation key
Transfer of Khariff and Rabi season land use/land cover details on to a Final land use/land cover single base map. map with symbols and colours
Area estimation of each land use/land cover class.
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The land use study map of study area is shown in Table 3.19 and Figure 3.16, whereas Figure 3.17 shows satellite imaginary interpretation of the study area.
TABLE 3.19 LAND USE PATTERN OF BUFFER ZONE/STUDY AREA
S. LAND USE AREA % NO. (HECTARE) 1. AGRICULTURE CROP LAND 10513.42 33.47 2. AGRICULTURE PLANTATION 7462.65 23.75 3. AGRICULTURE FALLOW LAND 7328.09 23.33 4. BARREN/UNCULTURABLE/WASTE 1955.61 6.23 LAND, SCRUB LAND 5. WATER BODIES 173.79 0.55 6. BUILT UP LAND 1725.87 5.49 7. IND/QUARRY/KILN 2255.75 7.18 TOTAL 31415.18 100
FIGURE 3.15 LAND USE PATTERN CHART OF BUFFER ZONE/STUDY AREA
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FIGURE 3.16 LAND USE LAND COVER OF STUDY
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FIGURE 3.17 SATELLITE IMAGINARY INTERPRETATION OF THE STUDY AREA
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3.12 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 3.12.1 Reconnaissance The project area falls under state Gujarat, Surat district and comprises five talukas of Surat. Actual place of project area for M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat
3.12.2 Baseline Status An assessment of socio - economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA study. Therefore, baseline information for the same was collected during the study period. The baseline socio - economic data collected for the study region, has been identified for the four major indicators viz. Demography, Civic amenities, Economy and Social culture. The baseline status of the above indicators is compiled in forthcoming sections. The data are based on 2011 Census.
3.12.2.1 Demographic Structure The details concerning the demographic structure of the survey were collected from Census record of Surat and Navsari district. Survey area covers four talukas of two districts. Demographic details such as number of persons, household, sex ratio, percentage of SC & ST population is described in Table no. 3.18. & in fig. 3.19.
The salient features of population details are as follows: Demographic details: Total area in sq km is 314. Total households are 53,341 nos. in the region. The composition of the population in project area is 2,31,050 m2 & was found to be slightly skewed in favor of male. Total males are 1,28,815 and total females are 1,02,235 Total SC population is 8,362; total ST population is 67,710. Sex ratio (number of female per thousand male) in the surveyed area is 793 this shows that male population is higher in the region as compared with the female population. The social development of a region is signified by many indices. One of which is literacy status of the population. The literacy rate in the project area is around 70.49%.
3.12.2.2 Infrastructure Resource Base The infrastructure resource base of the survey area with reference to education, medical facility, water supply, post and telegraph, transportation and communication facility and power supply etc.
3.12.2.3 Economic Attributes Economic resource base of any region mainly depends upon its economically active group i.e. the working population involved in productive work. The employment pattern and main worker employment pattern of the survey area and literacy rate is described below and shown in Figure 3.20, 3.21 and 3.22 respectively. Total main worker population is 1, 01,848 (44.08%), total marginal worker are 7,233 (3.13%) and non-worker population are 1, 21,969 (52.79%). Around 32,007 (31.43%) of main workers are involved in agricultural labour; whereas about 6,790 (6.67 %) of main worker are engaged as cultivators. Around 70.49 % of total populations are literate and remaining 29.51% are illiterate.
3.12.2.4 Health Status There are primary health centers, Govt. hospitals and hospital in the project area. The distance of the Govt. health care centers varies between 5to10km.The people generally are attended by doctors at local primary health centers and if necessary, they visit district places. The health centers are constrained by poor health infrastructure and weak monitoring of health related activities. People rarely travel to district place for treatment except for critical patients, since both time and cost of travel are not encouraging. The common mode of transport to a health centre or hospital is auto rickshaw. Average travel time to these health care centers varies from 10 minutes to 30 minutes, while average cost of one round trip journey is Rs. 20. In spite of distance to Govt. hospitals, the people depend on these only without consulting private practitioners or nursing homes, mainly because treatment at non-governmental health care centers is expensive. It revealed that the general prevailing diseases in the project area are Malaria, Cold Cough, Respiratory infection, Skin Disease, and viral fever. The health problems as reported could be attributed to improper sanitation, dust, mosquito nuisance and unhygienic water in the villages. There is sufficient Government health institution like Sub-center, PHC etc. as well as health workers and Asha workers doing actively work in the surveyed area.
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3.12.2.5 Primary Survey A socio-economic survey on sample households: The sample households were selected from various social groups of the villages/settlements. While selecting sample households care was given to represent proportionally all the social strata of the concerned villages. Focus group discussions: were organized, in separate sessions, with groups like, youth / elders, shopkeepers / operators, women & especially vulnerable people who were available during survey in order to obtain their views on the project. Key informant interviews: were conducted with local leaders / village Panchayat functionaries and members & Senior citizen of the area to gain an insider’s views regarding specific project Group discussion sessions: were held with women who could share their experience related to their issues that are specific for the women. Their collective perceptions about project impacts and probable benefits particularly for the women were taken note of. Structured direct observations: Field observations on general socio-economic and health status need of the people, infrastructural set up or lack of it, requirement of the people in view of project road alignment, etc. were noted by the survey team. Review of secondary information: Apart from afore mentioned techniques and tools a desk review and preliminary analyses were undertaken of existing statistical records, census and gazetteers.
3.12.3 SALIENT OBSERVATIONS RECORDED DURING SURVEY IN THE STUDY AREA According to survey record, the latest feature about survey area is described below: Gram Panchayat Building: Most of the villages have their own Grampanchayat building. Some of the villages come in group Grampanchayat. Types of Houses: In all the villages, majority of the families live in pucca houses. These pucca houses were made of cement, bricks and tiles, others are kaccha type. Drinking Water: There are 79 tap water, 75 well water, 39 tank water sources, 42 tube well water sources, 57 hand pump sources and 18 river water sources present in the study area. Sports & Games Facility: There are 6 entertainment halls but no sports club facility available But there are many small organizing centers for sports and games in the villages. Teacher / guide are available to help them to improve their sporting skills. Discussions with the young people of the village brought to the fore their desire for facilities and equipments. Major Crops Produced: Sugarcane, Bananas, Vegetables and other winter and summer crops are produced in study area. Sources of Irrigation: The farmers in the villages mostly depend on monsoon water for agriculture. There is single season farming. Availability of Livestock: Livestock in the villages included cows, bulls, goats, and poultry. However, milk production from the cow is very less. Occupation: Despite all limitations like small landholdings, traditional methods of agricultural practices, average quality of seeds, single season farming, the primary occupation of the villagers continues to be agriculture. In order to meet the needs of the family, the adults in the family go out of the village in search of work as daily laborers for non-agricultural works like brick kilns, stone crushers, helpers, masons, casual labourers Surat and Navsari district. Some people in the village have also developed skills, which help them earn regularly in areas like, masonry, vehicle driver, etc. Major Sources of Income: Occupation is mostly agriculture and day labour. Cultivation of paddy, sugarcane, vegetable, groundnut and orchard of fruits like Sapodilla (Chiku), Mango, Banana etc gives a feedback in their economy. Life style: Most of the family keeps cows, goats and buffalos. When there is good rain there is plenty of fodder for cattle. The staple food of Gujarat consists of homemade pickles, chhaas (buttermilk); salad etc. main course includes vegetables which are usually steamed and dal. Market Facility: There are markets with both wholesale and retail facilities in the project area. Transport facility: considered as the most basic of all civic amenities as this is the lifeline of access to any kind of social services. In the project area transportation facility is in good condition. Most of the households have own two wheelers and there is about 104 bus stops, 82 approach- paved road, 25 Mud road, 18 foot path etc noticed within the study area. Communication facility: Most of the villages have Post office and other telecom services in their village. There are 74 post offices, 4 telegraph offices and 4 telephone facilities available. Mobile phones are very common in the study area, because of proximity to the city of study area. Population is aware to Internet and other electronic modes for communicating. Sanitation facility: Most of the household has sanitation facility in their house. However, Govt. encourages people to install hygienic sanitation system in house through various schemes, like low cost subsidized sanitary toilet scheme.
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Education facility: Educational facilities comprising about 85 primary schools, 0 middle schools, 13 secondary schools, 4 sr. secondary school and 2 industrial school within the study area. However, the schools needed all the support to become good learning centers for the children. There is lack of basic teaching learning materials in the schools, which is essential for creating interests among the students and to create encouraging environment for joyful learning for the students. As per the findings of the survey majority of the persons are literate. Electrification: In the study area about 95% of the villages are electrified. There are 2 power sources each for domestic & agriculture purposes. Availability of Health Facilities: Medical facilities comprises of 3 Allopathic hospital, 3 Allopathic dispensary, 6 Ayurvedic dispensary, 2 Nursing Home, 18 family welfare centre, 3 maternity and child welfare centre, 5 primary health centre, 30 primary health sub-centre etc. are present within 10km radius. Fuel: LPG fuel used for cooking purpose and other source is kerosene, wood. Decision making: Women in the region primarily are involved in household work, cultivation and other agriculture activities. The decision making is largely limited and men take the major decisions Language: People speak mostly Gujrati and Hindi, while Gujrati is the official language.
3.12.3.1 Surveyed village information 1) Palasna: Palasna village comes under Palasna tehsil, total population of the village is near about 12000.Main occupation of the village is labour work, jobs in industrial areas and farming. All type of facilities like education, communication, medical, transportation facilities are presented in the village.Roads are well connected through other surrounding villages.Tap water, hand pump water is major water source of the villagers.Power facility is presented for all type of works.Villagers are aware about the industrial areas and works performed in the industries.
2) Bhutpur Bhutpur village comes under palasna taluka, its very small village with only 600 population.Primary school and anganwad is presented in the village.Road facility is satisfactory and bus facility is available at a distance of 2 km.Tap water , well and hand pump are major water sources of drinking water.Medical facilities are available at a distance of 5 km.General diseases are malaria, typhoid etc. Sanitation facility is satisfactory with underground drainage facility.Villagers are aware about the industrial area in palasna village.
3.12.3.2 Awareness and Opinion Awareness is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects or sensory patterns. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an observer without necessarily implying understanding. In general, an opinion is a subjective belief, and is the result of emotion or interpretation of facts. An opinion may be supported by an argument, although people may draw opposing opinions from the same set of facts. For assessing the awareness and opinion about the project activity socio- economic survey was conducted in the sampling villages during monitoring period in month of Dec-17. The salient observations drawn through survey are described below: People also give the opinion that, no company gives permanent employment to local people, they got only labour work, contract basics etc. All villagers want good salary as well as permanent jobs and land. Villagers wants good infrastructure facility in there region. Villagers want good transportation facility. In order to enhance economical, safe and environment friendly movement of passenger and goods vehicles, it becomes necessary to enhance a good road network facility. This would also improve the socio-economic, industrial and agriculture activities in the region and this would simultaneously help in economic growth of the country. The status of women in the region as a whole is marginalized. Some villagers suggested that woman empowerment programme should be made by proponent Health problems of the villagers should be taken care of by providing basic health-care facilities through health centers. People suggested that proponent should share information with local communities about environmental and social implications. Some educated person says that, pay special attention to marginalized and vulnerable groups and secure their inclusion in overall public participation. As regard to employment in the project, permanent job with the contractor was preferred over temporary job during the project implementation.
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TABLE 3.20 SUMMARIZED DETAILS S.No. Particular Details 1 No. of District/s 2 2 No. of Talukas (Tahesil) 5 3 Total Household 53341 4 Total Population 231050 5 Sex Ratio 793 6 Total Male 128815 7 Total Female 102235 8 Total SC 8362 (3.62) 9 Total ST 67710 (29.30) 10 Total Literacy 162870 (70.49) 11 Main Worker 101848 (44.08) 12 Marginal Worker 7233 (3.13) 13 Non Worker 121969 (52.79) Source: Primary Censes Abstract 2011, District Surat and Navsari, State-Gujarat
FIGURE 3.18: PHOTOGRAPHS OF STUDY AREA DURING VISIT - SE
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FIGURE 3.19: POPULATION DETAILS OF THE SURVEYED AREA
FIGURE - 3.20 EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA (CENSUS 2011)
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FIGURE - 3.21 BREAK UP OF MAIN WORKER (CENSUS 2011)
FIGURE.3.22: LITERACY RATE OF THE SURVEYED AREA
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3.12.4 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES AVAILABLE IN STUDY AREA Infrastructure resource base of the surveyed villages with reference to education, medical, water resources, post and telegraph, communication and power supply. There are 83 villages within study area of 10 km radius of plant site which is presented in following Table-3.19. Significant observations with respect to availability of amenities in study area are as follows: All of the villages have primary schools and some villages have both primary and secondary education schools. Medical facilities like Hospitals and Dispensaries are available in the villages of the study area. In the study area drinking water facilities are good as tap water is available almost in all the villages. Post office facility is available in few villages while telephone facility is available in all villages. All the villages are well connected through a network of Pucca road. Bus, auto rickshaw and train is the main mode of transportation and is available in study area. All the villages get electricity for all purpose i.e. domestic, agriculture and industrial.
TABLE.: 3.21 LISTS OF VILLAGES IN STUDY AREA. S. NO. VILLAGE NAME TALUKA DISTRICT 1 Amalsadi Palsana Surat 2 Ambheti Palsana Surat 3 Bagumara Palsana Surat 4 Baleshvar Palsana Surat 5 Bhutpor Palsana Surat 6 Chalthan Palsana Surat 7 Dastan Palsana Surat 8 Dhamdod Palsana Surat 9 Ena Palsana Surat 10 Erthan Palsana Surat 11 Gangpor Palsana Surat 12 Ghaluda Palsana Surat 13 Gotiya Palsana Surat 14 Haripura Palsana Surat 15 Intalva Palsana Surat 16 Isroli Palsana Surat 17 Jolva Palsana Surat 18 Kadodara Palsana Surat 19 Kanav Palsana Surat 20 Karala Palsana Surat 21 Karan Palsana Surat 22 Kareli Palsana Surat 23 Kharbhasi Palsana Surat 24 Lakhanpor Palsana Surat 25 Lingad Palsana Surat 26 Makhinga Palsana Surat 27 Malekpor Palsana Surat 28 Palsana Palsana Surat 29 Pardipata Palsana Surat 30 Pisad Palsana Surat 31 Puni Palsana Surat 32 Sanki Palsana Surat 33 Siyod Palsana Surat 34 Soyani Palsana Surat 35 Talodara Palsana Surat 36 Tantithaiya Palsana Surat 37 Tantizaghda Palsana Surat 38 Taraj Palsana Surat 39 Tundi Palsana Surat 40 Vadadala Palsana Surat 41 Vanesa Palsana Surat
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42 Vankaneda Palsana Surat 43 Vanzolia Palsana Surat 44 Bhatia Chorasi Surat 45 Bonand Chorasi Surat 46 Deladva Chorasi Surat 47 Eklera Chorasi Surat 48 Goja Chorasi Surat 49 Kachholi Chorasi Surat 50 Kapletha Chorasi Surat 51 Khambhasla Chorasi Surat 52 Kharvasa Chorasi Surat 53 Lajpor Chorasi Surat 54 Mohni Chorasi Surat 55 Pardi Kanade Chorasi Surat 56 Popda Chorasi Surat 57 Ravla Alias Vaktana Chorasi Surat 58 Sachin Chorasi Surat 59 Samrod Chorasi Surat 60 Saniya Kanade Chorasi Surat 61 Timbarva Chorasi Surat 62 Vanz Chorasi Surat 63 Ninat Bardoli Surat 64 Alak Jalapore Navsari 65 Asana Jalapore Navsari 66 Chokhad Jalapore Navsari 67 Dabhel Jalapore Navsari 68 Kalakachha Jalapore Navsari 69 Kuched Jalapore Navsari 70 Pardi (Alak) Jalapore Navsari 71 Ponsara Jalapore Navsari 72 Ranodra Jalapore Navsari 73 Sadodra Jalapore Navsari 74 Sandalpor Jalapore Navsari 75 Simlak Jalapore Navsari 76 Sisodra (Alak) Jalapore Navsari 77 Vesma Jalapore Navsari 78 Wada Jalapore Navsari 79 Asundar Navsari Navsari 80 Dhaman Navsari Navsari 81 Parthan Navsari Navsari 82 Sarai Navsari Navsari 83 Vejalpor Navsari Navsari
3.12.5 INTERPRETATION OF SOCIO ECONOMIC DATA Literacy rate of the study region is 70%. When compared to other places, these villages exhibit avg. rate of literacy thus there is need to promote education among more people. Almost all the villages have more than 52.79 % people as non-workers. It indicates that the problem of unemployment can be solved by providing proper training and education. There is also need to establish more industries so that maximum number of employment can be generated. The average QoL index value for the study area is leading to satisfactory level due to satisfactory facilities for educational facilities, employment opportunities, and better road condition. Sanitation, health facility and transportation facilities were inadequate in the study area; improvement in these areas is needed. QoL are estimated in Chapter-4.
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3.13 DESCRIPTION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.13.1 INTRODUCTION
The proposed expansion in dyes & chemical manufacturing unit is located within the project premises of M/s Spectrum Dyes & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. at Palsana in Surat district, Gujarat, India. The plot is already under the use of the same industry and hence there is going to be little change in the land use. There are no ecologically sensitive areas like Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, or Wetlands of National or International Importance or Important Bird areas (IBAs). There are no reserve forests or large water bodies. Thus, the area under consideration is not ecologically sensitive. Further, it is located in an industrial area and there are several industrial units around the industry. The proposed site is located at Palsana town in Surat district, Gujarat, India, as already mentioned. The land use pattern in the buffer zone reveals preponderance of Sugarcane fields. Natural and wild habitats are confined to very limited area such as wastelands and roadsides. Trees in the study area are restricted to homestead/farmland /road side plantation. These tree cover is termed by Forest Survey of India (FSI) as ‘Trees Outside Forests” (TOF), in the form of small woodlots and block plantations as trees along linear features, such as roads, canals bunds, etc. and scattered trees on farmlands, homesteads, community lands and urban areas. Growing trees in homestead, farmlands, sacred places, along the courses of water bodies and roads is an old age practice in India. Such trees have been important source for timber, fuel wood, fruit, fodder shade and shelter. As the maximum crop occupied in this area is sugarcane, farmland plantation which is the major share of the tree cover is mostly used as a shade during the scorching summer months by farmers as well as animals. Besides trees for shelter and shade, Teak (Tectona grandis) is commonly grown along the boundary of the mango and Chikku orchards for Timber. The dominant farmland plantations are Mango, coconut and Cheeku(Achras sapota). Besides Sugarcane, Paddy is another as major crop. There are also a few fish pondsand village water tanks in the buffer zone. Mindhola River is passing through the study area but it is located outside the zone of influence from this project activities.
3.13.2 SCOPE, AIM AND OBJECTIVES This is a A category project, as per the EIA Notification of 2006. The aim of the survey and study is to collect baseline data relating to the Ecology, Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna of the project site and its buffer zone of 10Km as per the approved Terms of Reference (ToRs). As far as the flora is concerned, only primary data is collected though field level survey and sampling while the fauna is finalized based on both primary and secondary data after careful versification. The objective is to find out whether there are any ecologically sensitive areas within the study area and whether there are any rare or endangered or threatened species or species that are included in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. To predict the impacts of the proposed project and its activity on the Ecology and Biodiversity of the study area. Based on the perception of threat, to prepare a management plan (EMP).
3.13.3 STUDY AREA AND PERIOD OF THE STUDY The study area includes the project site of 25,932 Sq.m plot (Plot No. 491-492/P) located between 21° 05’ 24.35” N latitude and 72° 58’ 28.71” E longitude at Palsana town in Surat district, Gujarat, India; where the Unit is located & is referred to hereafter as the core area and a buffer zone of 10 Km radius. The project site is a part of the site of the existing industry.
1. Project Site / Core Zone and Buffer Zone: The Project site or the core area is an area of 25,932 Sq.m located in Plot No. 491-492/P, located between 21° 05’ 24.35” N latitude and 72° 58’ 28.71” E longitude at Palsana town in Surat district, Gujarat, India. The buffer zone is an area located within a radius of 10 Km from the Project site.
2. Ecological Sensitivity / Habitats of the Study Area: There are no ecologically sensitive areas like Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, or Wetlands of National or International Importance or Important Bird areas (IBAs). There not reserve forests or large water bodies. Thus, the area under consideration is not ecologically sensitive. Further, it is located in an industrial area There are several industrial units around the industry. The core area is a part of an existing industry located in an Industrial area, while buffer zone includes croplands, plantations and residential areas but no eco-sensitive areas.
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3. Forest /National Park / Sanctuary: There are no Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, or Wetlands of National or International Importance or Important Bird areas (IBAs). There not reserve forests or large water bodies.
3.13.4 METHODOLOGY The entire core area was extensively surveyed and all the plants (cultivated as well as wild) found in the core area were listed. But in the buffer zone, a total of 20 quadrates of 20m x5 m were chosen at random and all the plant species found in the all the samples were listed. Further, the list includes every plant found in the buffer zone during the survey. As far as the fauna was concerned, extensive literary survey was carried out to get a fair idea of the fauna of the study area. The information thus gathered was cross checked with the primary survey. A final list is prepared based after carefully verifying whether that particular species is ever reported from that region / area and whether it is likely to occur in the given habitat. Secondary data: In case of Fauna, both primary and secondary data are used. In most cases, there won’t be any authentic data relating to the study area. We have information or data base for the entire State and rarely for the entire district. Therefore, information about the biogeographical information systems, State level data base or regional data base and scientific publications if any are used to only to know about what is likely to be present in the study area. With such an idea, the expert during the filed survey looks for any direct, indirect and circumstantial evidence regarding the probable presence of any Mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian etc. If there is no authentic information, forest officials (if there are forests in the study area), local people, especially teachers, bird watchers, nature lovers, sheppards shall be contacted to solicit the information that they may provide. Visits to the local markets where local products are sold is also considered if there are such markets. Such data / information is accepted only when it is in conformity with the scientific information (relating to the region or the district or the State). That is how verification and cross checking is done.
Shannon Weiner Index (H) is calculated as follows: H = -SUM[(pi) * ln(pi)] E=H/Hmax Where, SUM = Summation, pi= Number of individuals of species i/total number of samples S = Number of species or species richness, Hmax = Maximum diversity possible and E= Evenness =H/Hmax Thus, H is influenced by the species richness (S) and evenness (E). As the S and E increase, H attains higher value and vice versa. If two communities have the same number of species (S), the H depends of the E value. In any community, as the evenness increases, dominance decreases. When the dominance (D) is higher, E becomes lower and the H will be lower. However, in order to calculate H, quantitative data through scientific sampling is required. It is not appropriate for man-made ecosystems of monocultures. One can easily calculate H by using free Software of the Easycalculation. com from https://www.easycalculation.com/statistics/learn-shannon-wiener-diversity.php It calls for sampling and quantification. Without quantitative data , we can only calculate the H’Max as the measure of lnS, where in is the normal logarithmic value and S is the species richness or number of species found in the area under consideration. Further these indices do not make any sense in man-made ecosystems like croplands, plantations, orchards and human habitations. In the present project, no quantitative data was collected as it was beyond the scope of the T.O.R and hence H can’t be calculated except as HMax.
Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account both richness and evenness. The term 'Simpson's Diversity Index' can actually refer to any one of 3 closely related indices. Simpson's Index off dominance (D) measures the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a sample will belong to the same species (or some category other than species). It is calculated by the formula D = ∑(n / N)2, where n = the total number of organisms of a particular species and N = the total number of organisms of all species
Palmer Pollution Tolerance Index was developed in 1969 by Palmer. It is used to measure the Organic pollution by employing algae that tolerate organic pollution. It is also known as Palmer algal pollution index. In the study under report, no microflora or microfauna was surveyed. It is beyond the scope of the approved T.o.R.
EN-VISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, SURAT. MARCH 2018 3-89 Report No. 1718A058
Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3.13.5 Field study and Secondary Literature Review & its source: Based on Zoogeographical information and distribution of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians etc a fair idea of the site and its fauna could be obtained. The following books and literary resources were used for cross checking and verification of the data. 1. David Hill, Matthew Fasham, Graham Tucker, Michael Shewary and Philip Shaw (2005) Eds. Handbook of Biodiversity Methods: Survey, Evaluation and Monitoring, by Published by Cambridge University Press. 2. Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (2011). A Manual on Wildlife species in Trade by Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi 3. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 4. Fauna of Gujarat (Part I vertebrates) by the Zoological Survey of India (http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/sfs/042/index.pdf) 5. Avibase – Bird Checklist of the World. Gujarat by Birdlife International (http://avibase.bsc- eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=INnwgj&list=howardmoore) 6. A Review of Reptile Studies in Gujarat State by Raju Vyas.(2014). Zoos Print Journal 15: 386-390 (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242402268_A_review_of_reptile_studies_in_Gujarat_State ) 3.13.6 Field Data Collection / Inventory & its source: As far as the flora is concerned, only primary data was collected through the survey of the project site and survey cum sampling studies in the buffer zone. All the plants (both wild and cultivated) found in the project site were listed. Similarly, all plant species found in the buffer zone were listed through survey cum sampling (using 20 random quadrats of 20m x5m).
3.13.7 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
3.13.7.1 HABITATS DESCRIPTION OF THE BUFFER ZONE OF 10 KM RADIUS: The proposed site is located at Palsana town in Surat district, Gujarat, India. As already mentioned, the land use pattern of this region was predominated by Sugar cane fields. Natural habitats has confined to very limited area. Trees in the study area are restricted to homestead/farmland /road side plantation. These tree cover is termed by Forest Survey of India (FSI) as ‘Trees Outside Forests” (TOF), in the form of small woodlots and block plantations as trees along linear features, such as roads, canals bunds, etc. and scattered trees on farmlands, homesteads, community lands and urban areas. Growing trees in homestead, farmlands, sacred places, along the courses of water bodies and roads is an old age practice in India. Such trees have been important source for timber, fuel wood, fruit, fodder shade and shelter.
As the maximum crop occupied in this area is sugarcane, farmland plantation which is the major share of the tree cover in other parts of Gujarat; mostly used as a shade during the scorching summer months for farmers as well as animals, is almost not observed in this region. This locality is characterised by the large scale plantation of Teak along the boundary of the mango orchards and Chikku orchards. The dominant farmland plantation was coconut along the agriculture fields practising rice as major crop. The river passing through the study area is MindholaRiver & is located outside the zone of influence from this project activities.
FIGURE 3.23 PHOTOGRAPHS OF STUDY AREA DURING VISIT - EB
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
3.13.7.2 PLANTS FOUND IN THE STUDY AREA The dominant trees in the study area were generally planted either as farmland plantation or homestead plantation or along the road sides. The list of plants species found in the core area is enlisted in the Table3.22 Total 68 plant species were enumerated from the study area.
TABLE 3.22 LISTS OF PLANTS FOUND IN THE CORE AREA: Sr. No. Name of species Common name Family 1. Acacia auriculiformis Australian wattle Mimosaceae 2. Acacia nilotica Kala Babul Mimosaceae 3. Achras sapota Cheeku / Sapota Sapotaceae 4. Alamanda cathartica Golden trumpet wine Apocynaceae 5. Albizia lebbeck Kala siris Mimosaceae 6. Alternanthera repens Paper thorn Solanaceae 7. Artocarpus heterophyllus Jack fruit Moraceae 8. Asclepias curassavica Milk weed Asclepiadaceae 9. Bignonia capreolata Crossvine Bignoniaceae 10. Caesalpinia pulcherrima Peacock Flower Caesalpiniaceae 11. Calotropis gigantea Arka Asclepiadaceae 12. Calotropis procera Mudar Asclepiadaceae 13. Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarina Casuarinaceae 14. Celosia argentea Cockscomb Amaranthaceae 15. Chamaedorea sefritzii Bamboo Palm Arecaceae 16. Chromolaena odorata Siam weed Asteraceae 17. Clerodendrum inerme Bataj, Lanjal Verbenaceae 18. Cocos nucifera Coconut Arecaceae 19. Cynodon dactylon Turf grass Poaceae 20. Cyperus rotundus Sedge Cyperaceae 21. Dalbergia sissoo Shesum Fabaceae 22. Delonix elata Sandsro Caesalpiniaceae 23. Digitaria ciliaris Fodder grass Poaceae 24. Duranta repens Golden Dew Drops Verbenaceae 25. Eremopogon foveolatus Fodder grass Poaceae 26. Euphorbia hirta Asthma plant Euphorbiaceae 27. Ficus benjamina Weeping fig Moraceae 28. Ficus benghalensis Banyan Moraceae 29. Ficus racemosa Cluster fig Moraceae 30. Ficus religiosa Peepal Moraceae 31. Furcraea foetida Giant Cabuya Agavaceae 32. Gliricidia sepium Mexican Lilac Fabaceae 33. Heliotropium indicum Indian Heliotrope Boraginaceae 34. Hyptis suaveolens Vilaiti Tulsi Lamiaceae 35. Imperata cylindrica Uloo or Cotton grass Poaceae
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
36. Ipomoea alba White Morning Glory Convolvulaceae 37. Ipomoea carnea Bush Morning Glory Convolvulaceae 38. Ipomoea pes-caprae Goat foot vine Convolvulaceae 39. Lantana camara Lantana Verbenaceae 40. Leptochloa chinensis Fodder grass Poaceae 41. Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Mimosaceae 42. Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae 43. Moringa oleifera Drum stick Moringaceae 44. Muntingia calabura Singapore Cherry Muntingiaceae 45. Musa paradisiaca Banana Musacae 46. Nerium odorum Oleander Apocynaceae 47. Peltophorum pterocarpum Copper pod Caesalpiniaceae 48. Phoenix sylvestris Khajur or Kharek Arecaceae 49. Phyllanthus emblica Amla Euphorbiaceae 50. Pithecellobium dulcis Manila tamarind Mimosaceae 51. Plumeria alba White Frangipani Apocynaceae 52. Plumeria pudica White Frangipani Apocynaceae 53. Plumeria rubra Frangipani Apocynaceae 54. Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka Annonaceae 55. Polyalthia pendula Ashoka Annonaceae 56. Pongamia pinnata Karanj Fabaceae 57. Portulaca grandiflora Table rose / Luni Portulacaceae 58. Prosopis juliflora Mesquite / Gadobaval Mimosaceae 59. Prosopis spicigera Shami Mimosaceae 60. Punica granatum Pomegranate Lythraceae 61. Roystonea regia Royal Palm Arecaceae 62. Samanea saman Rain tree Mimosaceae 63. Tamarix aphylla Athel pine Tamricaceae 64. Tamarix gallica Jhau / Indian Tamarix Tamricaceae 65. Thespesia populnea Portia Tree Malvaceae 66. Urochloa mutica Para grass Poaceae 67. Vitex negundo Nirgundi Verbenaceae 68. Ziziphus nummularia Ber Rhamnaceae
3.13.8 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION & IT’S SOURCE
As far as the flora is concerned, only primary data is used . In case of fauna, based on Zoogeographical information and distribution of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians etc a fair idea of the site and its fauna could be obtained. The following books and literary resources were used for cross checking and verification of the data.
1. David Hill, Matthew Fasham, Graham Tucker, Michael Shewary and Philip Shaw (2005) Eds. Handbook of Biodiversity Methods: Survey, Evaluation and Monitoring, by Published by Cambridge University Press. 2. Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (2011). A Manual on Wildlife species in Trade by Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi 3. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 4. Fauna of Gujarat (Part I vertebrates) by the Zoological Survey of India (http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/sfs/042/index.pdf) 5. Avibase – Bird Checklist of the World. Gujarat by Birdlife International (http://avibase.bsc- eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=INnwgj&list=howardmoore) 6. A Review of Reptile Studies in Gujarat State by Raju Vyas.(2014). Zoos Print Journal 15: 386-390 (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242402268_A_review_of_reptile_studies_in_Gujarat_State)
A list of trees, shrubs and perennial climbers found in the study area is given in Table 3.23
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Project: M/s. Spectrum Dyes and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Palsana, Surat, Gujarat (EIA/EMP Report for Proposed Expansion of Dyes and Chemicals Manufacturing Unit)
Table 3.23: List of trees and tree like plants found in the study area. 1 Acacia catechu Khair Mimosaceae 2 Acacia auriculiformis Australian wattle Mimosaceae 3 Acacia nilotica Kala Babul Mimosaceae 4 Achras sapota Cheeku / Sapota Sapotaceae 5 Agave americana Ketaki Agavaceae 6 Albizia lebbeck Kala siris Mimosaceae 7 Artocarpus heterophyllus Jack fruit Moraceae 8 Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae 8 Balanites aegyptica Ligorio Balanitaceae 10 Borassus flabellifer Toddy palm Arecaceae 11 Capparis aphylla Karir Capparidaceae 12 Capparis decidua Karda Capparaceae 13 Carissa spinarum Jangli Karonda Apocynaceae 14 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarina Casuarinaceae 15 Chamaedorea sefritzii Bamboo Palm Arecaceae 16 Cocos nucifera Coconut Arecaceae 17 Colubrina asiatica Asian Snakewood Rhamnaceae 18 Cordia subcordata Glueberry Boraginaceae 19 Dalbergia sissoo Shesum Fabaceae 20 Delonix elata Sandsro Caesalpiniaceae 21 Euphorbia antiquorum Triangular spurge Euphorbiaceae 22 Euphorbia tirucalli Indian tree spurge Euphorbiaceae 23 Ficus benjamina Weeping fig Moraceae 24 Ficus benghalensis Banyan Moraceae 25 Ficus glomerata Uumar, gular, uamaro Moraceae 26 Ficus racemosa Cluster fig Moraceae 27 Ficus religiosa Peepal Moraceae 28 Furcraea foetida Giant Cabuya Agavaceae 29 Gliricidia sepium Mexican Lilac Fabaceae 30 Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Mimosaceae 31 Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae 32 Moringa oleifera Drum stick Moringaceae 33 Muntingia calabura Singapore Cherry Muntingiaceae 34 Peltophorum pterocarpum Copper pod Caesalpiniaceae 35 Phoenix sylvestris Khajur or Kharek Arecaceae 36 Phyllanthus emblica Amla Euphorbiaceae 37 Pithecellobium dulcis Manila tamarind Mimosaceae 38 Plumeria alba White Frangipani Apocynaceae 39 Plumeria rubra Frangipani Apocynaceae 40 Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka Annonaceae 41 Polyalthia pendula Ashoka Annonaceae 41 Pongamia pinnata Karanj Fabaceae 42 Prosopis juliflora Mesquite / Gadobaval Mimosaceae 43 Prosopis spicigera Shami Mimosaceae 44 Punica granatum Pomegranate Lythraceae 45 Roystonea regia Royal Palm Arecaceae 46 Salvadora oleoides Mithijal Salvadoraceae 47 Salvadora persica Kharijal / Tooth brush tree Salvadoraceae 48 Samanea saman Rain tree Mimosaceae 49 Scutia myrtina Cat-thorn Rhamnaceae 50 Tamarix aphylla Athel pine Tamricaceae 51 Tamarix aphylla Athel pine Tamricaceae 52 Tamarix gallica Jhau / Indian Tamarix Tamricaceae 52 Tamarix gallica Jhau / Indian Tamarix Tamricaceae 53 Thespesia populnea Portia Tree Malvaceae 54 Vitex negundo Nirgundi Verbenaceae
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55 Ziziphus nummularia Ber Rhamnaceae
A list of shrubs and perennial climbers found in the study area is given in Table 3.24
Table 3.24: List of shrubs and perennial climbers found in the study area. 1 Abrus precatorius Gunj Fabaceae 2 Agave americana Ketaki Agavaceae 3 Alamanda cathartica Golden trumpet wine Apocynaceae 4 Alhagi camelorum Camel thorn Fabaceae 5 Ampelocissus indica Wild grape Vitaceae 6 Bignonia capreolata Crossvine Bignoniaceae 7 Breynia retusa Cup saucer plant Euphorbiaceae 8 Breynia vitis-idaea Mountain coffee bush Euphorbiaceae 9 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Peacock Flower Caesalpiniaceae 10 Calotropis gigantea Arka Asclepiadaceae 11 Calotropis procera Mudar Asclepiadaceae 12 Canavalia ensiformis Sword bean Fabaceae 13 Capparis aphylla Karir Capparidaceae 14 Capparis decidua Karda Capparaceae 15 Carissa spinarum Jangli Karonda Apocynaceae 16 Cassia auriculata Tanner’s Cassia Caesalpiniaceae 17 Cassytha filiformis Amrvel / Aakaashvel Lauraceae 18 Cayratia trifolia Bush grape / Fox grape Vitaceae 19 Chromolaena odorata Siam weed Asteraceae 20 Cissus quadrangularis Hadjod Vitaceae 20 Clerodendrum inerme Bataj, Lanjal Verbenaceae 21 Coccinia grandis Ivy gourd Cucurbitaceae 22 Duranta repens Golden Dew Drops Verbenaceae 23 Ipomoea alba White Morning Glory Convolvulaceae 24 Ipomoea carnea Bush Morning Glory Convolvulaceae 25 Ipomoea pes-caprae Goat foot vine Convolvulaceae 26 Lantana camara Lantana Verbenaceae 27 Leptadenia reticulata Dodi Asclpiadaceae. 28 Mucuna pruriens Velvet bean Fabaceae 29 Nerium odorum Oleander Apocynaceae
A list of herbs found in the study area is given in Table 3.25
Table 3.25. List of herbs and herbaceous plants found in the study area. Name of species Common / Common name Family Achyranthes aspera Chirchita Solanaceae Aeschynomene indica Didhen / Phulan Fabaceae Alternanthera ficoidea Joseph’s coat Solanaceae Alternanthera sessilis Garundi / Sessile Joyweed Solanaceae Argemone mexicana Pharangi dattura Papavaraceae Blumea amplectans Dog tobacco Asteraceae Blumea obliqua Blumea Asteraceae Blumea oxyodonta Spiny leaf Blumea Asteraceae Blumea virens Dog tobacco Asteraceae Brachiaria mutica Para grass or buffalo grass Poaceae Carex cruciata Carex Cyperaceae Chrozophora rottleri Suryavarthi Euphorbiaceae Chrysopogon aciculatus False bead grass Poaceae Conyza stricta Bat Dawana Asteraceae Cressa cretica Kherdi Convolvulaceae Crotalaria burhia Zipto Fabaceae
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Croton bonplandianum Kala Bhangra Euphorbiaceae Cymbopogon caesius Lemon scented grass Poaceae Cymbopogon coloratus Lemon scented grass Poaceae Cymbopogon flexuosus Lemon scented grass Poaceae Cynodon dactylon Turf grass Poaceae Cyperus bulbosus Sedge Cyperaceae Cyperus nutans False sedge Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Nut grass Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Nut grass Cyperaceae Digitaria ciliaris Fodder grass Poaceae Echinochloa colona Jungle rice Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyard grass Poaceae Echinops echinatus Indian Globe Thistle Asteraceae Eclipta alba Bhringaraj Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata Bhringaraj Asteraceae Emilia sonchifolia Hirakhuri Asterace Eremopogon foveolatus Fodder grass Poaceae Euphorbia hirta Asthma plant Euphorbiaceae Fimbristylis miliacea Grass like Fimbry Cyperaceae Glinus oppositifolius Bitter cumin Aizoaceae Hyptis suaveolens Vilaiti Tulsi Lamiaceae Imperata cylindrica Uloo or Cotton grass Poaceae Iseilema laxum Musal grass Poaceae Leptochloa chinensis Fodder grass Poaceae Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Mimosaceae Malachra capitata Pardesi bhindo Malvaceae Merremia gangetica Kidney-leaf Morning glory Convolvulaceae Oxalis corniculata Wood sorrel Oxalidaceae Parthenium hysterophorus Congress weed Asteraceae Paspalidium geminatum Egyptian panic grass Poaceae Phaseolus mungo Urad Fabaceae Phragmites karka Tall reed Poaceae Polycarpaea spicata Polycarpaea Caryophyllaceae Pongamia pinnata Karanj Fabaceae Portulaca grandiflora Table rose / Luni Portulacaceae Portulaca quadrifida Luni Portulacaceae Saccharum spontaneum Kans grass Poaceae Schoenoplectus articulatus Bulrush Cyperaceae Senna uniflora One leaf Senna Caesalpiniaceae Sesbania bispinosa Prickly Sesban Fabaceae Sesbania procumbens Trailing Sesban Fabaceae Tribulus terrestris Gokhru Zygophyllaceae Typha angustata Cattail Typhaceae Urochloa mutica Para grass Poaceae Urochondra setulosus Grass Poaceae
A list of climbers and twiners found in the study area is given in Table 3.26
Table 3.26: List of trees shrubs and perennial climbers found in the study area. 1 Abrus precatorius Gunj Fabaceae 2 Alamanda cathartica Golden trumpet wine Apocynaceae 3 Ampelocissus indica Wild grape Vitaceae 4 Bignonia capreolata Crossvine Bignoniaceae 5 Canavalia ensiformis Sword bean Fabaceae 6 Cassytha filiformis Amrvel / Aakaashvel Lauraceae 7 Cayratia trifolia Bush grape / Fox grape Vitaceae 8 Cissus quadrangularis Hadjod Vitaceae
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9 Coccinia grandis Ivy gourd Cucurbitaceae 10 Ipomoea alba White Morning Glory Convolvulaceae 11 Ipomoea carnea Bush Morning Glory Convolvulaceae 12 Ipomoea pes-caprae Goat foot vine Convolvulaceae 13 Leptadenia reticulata Dodi Asclepiadaceae. 14 Mucuna pruriens Velvet bean Fabaceae 15 Wattakaka volubilis Sneeze wort Asclepiadaceae.
Agriculture and Horticulture : Major Crops, Minor crops, Vegetables, Major horticultural crops
The core area or the project site is located in an industrial area and it has been under the industrial use and as such the original vegetation and flora has been modified with the introduction of flowering plants, fruit and avenue trees from nurseries. But no such changes have taken place in the buffer on a large scale. On account of assured (canal) irrigation, Sugarcane and Paddy are grown extensively in lands with irrigation facility and in drier areas Mango and Cheeku fruit trees are grown. A list of agriculture, horticulture, major and minor crops grown in the buffer zone is given in Table 3.27:
Table 3.27: List of agriculture, horticulture, major and minor crops grown in the buffer zone Name of the crop Name of the crop plant Major use Status in the area Mango Mangifera indica Fruit tree Prominent Cheeku Achras sapota Fruit tree Prominent Pomegranate Punica granatum Fruit tree Minor Guava Psidium guajava Fruit tree Minor Papaya Carica papaya Fruit tree Minor Banana Musa paradisaca Fruit tree Prominent Watermelon Citrullus lanatus Fruit plant Minor Sugar cane Saccharum officinarum Commercial crop Major Paddy Oryza sativa Food Major Corn or Maize Zea mays Food Minor Sorghum Sorghum bicolor Food & fodder Minor Cotton Gossypium hirsutum Textile fibre Minor Tomato Solanum lycopersicon Vegetable Minor Beans Dolochos lablab Vegetable Minor Brinjal Solanum meloongena Vegetable Minor Bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria Vegetable Minor Ridge gourd Luffa acutangula Vegetable Minor Bitter gourd Momordica charantia Vegetable Minor Sword bean Canavalia gladiata Vegetable Minor Cabbage Brassica oleracea var.capitata Vegetable Minor Cauliflower Brassica oleracea var botrytis Vegetable Minor Radish Raphanus sativus Vegetable Minor Beetroot Beta vulgaris Vegetable Minor Carrot Daucus carota Vegetable Minor Onion Allium cepa Vegetable Minor Coconut Cocos nucifera Commercial crop Minor Roses Rose sp Horticulture Minor Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum indicum Horticulture Minor Mary gold Tagetus erecta Horticulture Minor
Land use and land cover of the buffer zone reveals the absence of any reserved forests, Biosphere reserves, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, other protected areas such as the important bird areas (IBAs) within a distance of 10 Km from the buffer area. There are croplands of Sugarcane, Paddy, Okra, Banana, Jowar,
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Fodder grasses; Orchards of Mango and Cheeku; Commercial plantations of Coconut, Cashew nut and plantations of Teak, Casuarina, Eucalyptus, and Australian Wattle (Acacia auriculiformis) among others in the buffer zone. There are common tropical avenue trees as well as common wild shrubs and climbers. However, a large area in the western part forms the extension of the creek and it is covered by sea water. The natural and wild vegetation is confined to roadsides, wastelands and grazing lands. A list of trees, shrubs and perennial climbers found in the buffer zone is given in Table 3.22, 3.23, 3.24. There are no rare or endangered or threatened (RET) species and all the species are common and of widespread occurrence.
3.13.9 CULTIVATED PLANTS IN THE STUDY AREA The major agriculture activities of this region are Sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum) cultivation. In some villages paddy is cultivated as major crop. The crop occupying the highest percentage of the sown area of this region is taken as the major crop and all other possible alternative crops which are sown in this region either as substitutes of the base crop in the same season or as the crops which fit in the rotation in the subsequent season, are considered as minor crop. Major Crops: Major crops in the study area are Sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum L) and Paddy (Oryza sativa). Minor crops: The minor crops of this region is Jowar (Sorghum bicolar). Vegetable: The vegetables grown in the study area are, Ladies finger (Abelmoschusesculentus),Riganor Egg Plant (Solanum melongena), and Tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum) Horticulture Practices and fruits grown: Orchards of Mango and Chikoo, Cultivation of Banana and Papaya are the major horticulture activity of these villages.
3.13.10 RARE AND ENDANGERED FLORA IN THE STUDY AREA The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. Among the enumerated flora in the study area, none of them were assigned any threat category, by RED data book of Indian Plants. (Nayar and Sastry, 1990) and Red list of threatened Vascular plants (IUCN, 2010, BSI, 2003). None of the plant species found either in the core area or the buffer zone come under the RET category.
3.13.11 ENDEMIC PLANTS OF THE STUDY AREA De candolle (1855) first used the concept of endemic, which is defined as an area of a taxonomic unit, especially a species which has a restricted distribution or habitat, isolated from its surrounding region through geographical, ecological or temporal barriers. Among recorded plant species, during the survey period, none of the plants found in the study area were either endemic or have restricted distribution.
3.13.12 STATUS OF FOREST AND THEIR CATEGORY IN THE STUDY AREA No natural forest land was observed in the study area except few scattered scrub cover in the barren lands and area demarcated for grazing.
3.13.13 FAUNAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE STUDY AREA As the animals, especially vertebrates and the winged invertebrates move from place to place in search of food, shelter, mate or other biological needs, separate lists for core and buffer areas are not feasible. As such there are no forests or wildlife habitats and as the study area has been under human use for agricultural, horticulture, industry, residential uses, there are no chances of occurrence of any rare or endangered or endemic or threatened (REET) species within the core or buffer area. There are no Sanctuaries, National Parks, Tiger Reserve or Biosphere Reserve or Elephant Corridor or other protected areas within 10 Km of radius from buffer area. It is evident from the available records, reports and circumstantial evidence that the entire study area including the core and buffer areas were free from any endangered animals. Among the Mammals, only Squirrels, Mongoose, Rats and Bandicoots were seen occasionally during the survey. Monkeys were also rare. Among the reptiles, Lizards, Garden lizards were very common. Rat snake was said to be common but not noticed during the survey. Other reptiles were very rare. The amphibians listed were fairly common. There were no resident birds other than Crows, Parrots, Doves, and Weaver birds, Swifts, Quails and Mynas. It is apparent from the list that none of the species with the sole exception of Peacock either spotted or reported is included in Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act. Peacocks are fairly common in these areas. They do not come under the threatened category of the IUCN. Further it is easy to multiply
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Peacocks and they can be easily domesticated if permitted. For the documentation of the faunal biodiversity of the study area with respect to birds, reptiles, amphibians, and butterfly species, a baseline survey had been conducted.
3.13.13.1 BIRDS OF THE STUDY AREA The most commonly spotted bird species of this area were; Cattle Egret, Little Egret, Brahmny Myna, Black Drongo and White-breasted Water hen. Systematic account of the birds in the study area with the status of occurrence is given in the Table 3.28.
TABLE 3.28 LISTS OF BIRDS IN STUDY AREA WITH RESIDENTIAL STATUS Sr. No. Scientific name Common name WPA Schedule 1. Accipiter badius Shikra IV 2. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna IV 3. Anthropoides virgo Demoiselle Crane IV 4. Acrocephalus aedon Thickbilled Warbler IV 5. Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth's Reed Warbler IV 6. Acrocephalus melanopogon Moustached Warbler IV 7. Acrocephalus stentoreus Clamorous Reed Warbler IV 8. Aegithina tiphia Common Iora IV 9. Aethopyga siparaja Crimson Sunbird IV 10. Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher IV 11. Amauromis phoenicurus White breasted Water hen IV 12. Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit IV 13. Apus affinis House Swift IV 14. Butastur teesa White-eyed Buzzard IV 15. Buteo buteo Common Buzzard IV 16. Cacomantis merulinus Indian Plaintive Cuckoo IV 17. Caprimulgus asiaticus Indian Night jar IV 18. Caprimulgus indicus Grey Nightjar IV 19. Carpodacus erythrinus Common Rose finch IV 20. Celeus brachyurus Rufous Woodpecker IV 21. Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher IV 22. Ceyx erithacus Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher' IV 23. Chaetomis striatus Bristled Grass bird IV 24. Chalcophaps indica Emerald Dove IV 25. Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover IV 26. Charadrius hiaticuln Common Ringed Plover IV 27. Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern IV 28. Chlidonias leucopterus White winged Tern IV 29. Chlidonias niger Black Tern IV 30. Columba livia Rock Pigeon IV 31. Copsychus malerbaricus Indian Shama IV 32. Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin IV 33. Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller IV 34. Corvus corax Common Raven IV 35. Corvus macrorhynchos Large-billed Crow IV 36. Corvus ruficollis Brown necked Raven IV 37. Corvus splendens House Crow V 38. Cotumix cotumix Common Quail IV 39. Cuculus micropterus Indian Cuckoo IV 40. Cuculus poliocephalus Lesser Cuckoo IV 41. Cuculus varius Common Hawk Cuckoo IV 42. Cypsiurus balasiensis Asian Palm Swift IV 43. Dicrurus adsimilis Black Drongo IV 44. Dicrurus leucophaeus Ashy Drongo IV 45. Dryocopus javensis White-bellied Woodpecker IV
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46. Emberiza melanocephala Black-headed Bunting IV 47. Emberiza pusilla Little Bunting IV 48. Emberiza stewarti White-capped Bunting IV 49. Emberiza striolata House Bunting IV 50. Eremopterix grisea Ashy-crowned Sparrow-Lark IV 51. Erithacus brunneus (Luscinia brunnea) Indian Blue Robin IV 52. Erithacus svecicus(Luscinia svecica) Blue throat IV 53. Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel IV 54. Francolinus francolinus Black Francolin IV 55. Francolinus pictus Painted Francolin IV 56. Francolinus pondicerianus Grey Francolin IV 57. Fulica atra Common Coot IV 58. Gallicrex cinerea Water cock IV 59. Gallinago gallinago Common Snipe IV 60. Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen IV 61. Grus grus Common Crane IV 62. Halcyon pileata Black-capped Kingfisher IV 63. Halcyon symensis White-breasted Kingfisher IV 64. Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite IV 65. Hemiprone coronata Crested Tree Swift IV 66. Hippolais caligata Booted Warbler IV 67. Hirundo daurica Red-romped Swallow IV 68. Hydrophasianus chirurgus Pheasant-tailed Jacana IV 69. Hypothymis azurea Black-naped Monarch IV 70. Ictinaetus malayensis Black Eagle IV 71. Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike IV 72. Larus argentatus Yellow-legged Gull IV 73. Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull IV 74. Larus minutus Little Gull IV 75. Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull IV 76. Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit IV 77. Locustella naevia Grasshopper Warbler IV 78. Lonchura malacca Black headed Munia IV 79. Lonchura striata White-rumped Munia IV 80. Megalaima haemocephala Coppersmith Barbet IV 81. Megalaima viridis White-cheeked Barbet IV 82. Megalaima zeylanica Brown-headed Barbet IV 83. Melophus lathami Crested Bunting IV 84. Milvus migrans Black Kite IV 85. Milvus milvus Red Kite IV 86. Mirafra cantillans Singing Bush Lark IV 87. Mirafra erythroptera Indian Bush Lark IV 88. Motacilla alba White Wagtail IV 89. Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail IV 90. Muscicapa latirostris(M. dauurica) Asian Brown Flycatcher IV 91. Muscicapa parva(Ficedula parva) Red-throated Flycatcher IV 92. Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird IV 93. Oenanthe desertii Desert Wheatear IV 94. Orthotomus sutorius Tailor Bird IV 95. Pandion haliaetus Osprey IV 96. Passer domesticus House Sparrow IV 97. Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl I (LC) 98. Pellomeum ruficeps Puff-throated Babbler IV 99. Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Small Minivet IV 100. Pericrocotus flammeus Scarlet Minivet IV 101. Phylloscopus aphinis Tickell's Warbler IV 102. Phylloscopus collybita Conunon Chiff-chaff IV
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103. Phylloscopus griseolus Sulphur-bellied Warbler IV 104. Phylloscopus inomatus Yellowbrowed IV 105. Phylloscopus occipitalis Western Crowned Warbler IV 106. Phylloscopus trochiloides Greenish Warbler IV 107. Phylloscopus tytleri Tytler's Leaf Warbler IV 108. Pitta brachyura Indian Pitta IV 109. Ploceus benghalensis Black-breasted Weaver IV 110. Ploceus manyar Streaked Weaver IV 111. Ploceus philippininus Baya Weaver IV 112. Podiceps nigricolis Black-necked Grebe IV 113. Podiceps ruficollis Little Grebe IV 114. Pomatorhinus schisticeps White-browed Scimitar Babbler IV 115. Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia IV 116. Prinia sylvatica Jungle Prinia IV 117. Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet IV 118. Pseudibis papillosa Indian Black ibis IV 119. Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul IV 120. Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul IV 121. Pycnonotus leucogenys leucotis (P.leucotisWhite-eared Bulbul IV 122. Pycnonotus luteolus White-browed Bulbul IV 123. Rhipidura albicollis White throated Fantail IV 124. Rhipidura aureola White browed Fantail IV 125. Rynchops albicollis Indian Skimmer IV 126. Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin IV 127. Sterna albifrons Little Tern IV 128. Sterna acuticauda Black bellied Tern IV 129. Sterna hirundo Common Tern IV 130. Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove IV 131. Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Collared Dove IV 132. Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove IV 133. Streptopelia tranquebarica Red Collared Dove IV 134. Stumus vulgaris Common Starling IV 135. Sumiculus lugubris Drongo Cuckoo IV 136. Sylvia althaea (S.curruca) Lesser Whitethroat IV 137. Sylvia communis Whitethroat IV 138. Sylvia nana Desert Warbler IV 139. Treron phoenicoptera Yellow-footed Green Pigeon IV 140. Treron pompadora Pompadour Green Pigeon IV 141. Tringa hypoleucos Common Sandpiper IV 142. Tumix sylvatica Small Buttonquail IV 143. Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler IV 144. Turdoides malcolmi Large Grey Babbler IV 145. Turdoides striatus Jungle Babbler IV 146. Tyto alba Barn Owl IV 147. Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing IV 148. Zosteropspalpebrosus Oriental White eye IV
3.13.13.2 BUTTERFLIES FROM THE STUDY AREA Butterflies observed during the present study are documented in the Table 3.29.
TABLE 3.29 BUTTERFLIES IN THE STUDY AREA Sr.No. Scientific name Common name 1. Papiliopolytes Common Mormon 2. Euremahecabe Common Grass yellow 3. CatopsiliaPomona Common Emigrant 4. Catopsiliapyranthe Mottled Emigrant 5. Ixias mariane White orange tip
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6. Ixias pyrene Yellow orange tip 7. Danaus genutia Stripped Tiger 8. Hypolimanasmisippus Danaid egg fly 9. Mycalesisperseus Common bush brown
3.13.13.3. HERPETOFAUNA List of Amphibians & Reptiles either found or reported from the study area are documented in the Table 3.30. The species spotted in the core area are indicated by *
TABLE 3.30 AMPHIBIANS& REPTILES IN THE STUDY AREA Sr. Scientific name Common name WPA Schedule No. AMPHIBIANS 1 Bufomelanostictus Common Indian Toad IV 2 Fejervaryalimnocharis Asian grass frog IV 3 Polypedatesleucomystax Common tree frog IV 4 Rana breviceps Rain frog IV Reptiles (V: stands for venomous ) 1 Ahaetulla nasuta Green Wine Snake II 2 Bungaruscaeruleus Common Krait (V) II 3 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard IV 4 Eryxconicus Common Sand boa II 5 Eryxjohnii Indian Sand Boa II 6 Hemidactylus maculatus Spotted Leaf-toed Gecko IV 7 Hemidactylusbrooki Brookes’s House Gecko IV 8 Hemidactylusflaviviridis Yellow Bellied House Gecko IV 9 Hemidactylusleschenaulti Leaf-toed Gecko IV 10 Mabuyacarinata Common Gecko IV 11 Macropisthodonplumbicolor Lead Keelback / Green Keelback II 12 Najanaja Cobra (V) II 13 Natrix piscator Checkered Keelback II 14 Oligodonarnensis Common Kukri / Banded Kukri II 15 Ptyasmucosus Dhaman / Oriental Rat Snake II 16 Typhlopsbraminus Brahminy bind snake II 17 Viperarusseli (=Daboia russeli) Russel’s Viper (V) II
3.13.13.4. Mammals The wild mammals either found or reported from the study area are documented in the Table 3.31. The species spotted in the core area are indicated by *
Table 3.31: MAMMALS IN THE STUDY AREA Latin name Common name WPA Schedule Anourosorexsquamipes Mole shrew IV Fulvous fruit bat Rousettus leschenaulti IV Funambuluspalmarum Three striped squirrel IV Herpestesedwardsii Common mongoose IV Herpestesfuscus Brown mongoose IV Herpestesjavanicus Small Indian mongoose IV Macacamulatta Rhesus macaque IV Mus booduga Common Indian field mouse IV Nosokiaindicaindica Bandicoot rat IV Soriculusleucops Indian long-tailed shrew IV Suncusmurinus House shrew/musk shrew IV
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3.13.13.5. AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNA: There are no perennial water bodies in the study area. Mindhola River is located within a distance of 2 Km from the core area but it is a small seasonal rivulet. There are many small stagnant water ponds and irrigation distribution canals in the buffer zone. A list of aquatic macrophytes found in the buffer zone is given in Table 3.30. A few aquatic birds found in the buffer zone are included in Table 3.26. A list of fishes either caught to reported from the water bodies of the buffer zone are given in Table 3.32. It may be mentioned that these fishes are edible but the buffer zone hardly contributes any commercial fish production. Table 3.32: LIST OF AQUATIC OR SEMI AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOUND IN THE STUDY AREA: Sr. No. Scientific Name Family 1. Alternanthera philoxeroides Solanaceae 2. Alternanthera sessilis Solanaceae 3. Azollapinnata Azollaceae 4. Brachiariamutica Poaceae 5. Carexcruciata Cyperaceae 6. Centellaasiatica Apiaceae 7. Chrysopogonaciculatus Poaceae 8. Cynodondactylon Poaceae 9. Cyperusnatans Cyperaceae 10. Cyperusrotundus Cyperaceae 11. Echinochloacolona Poaceae 12. Eichhorniacrassipes Pontederiaceae 13. Fimbristylismiliacea Cyperaceae 14. Hydrilla verticillata Hydrocharitaceae 15. Imperatacylindrical Poaceae 16. Ipomoea aquatic Convolvulaceae 17. Ipomoea carnea Convolvulaceae 18. Ludwigiaperennis Onagraceae 19. Marsiliaquadrifoliata Marsiliaceae 20. Nelumbo nucifera Nelumbiaceae 21. Nymphaea nauchali Nympheaceae 22. Nymphaea stellata Nympheaceae 23. Otteliaalismoides Hydrocharitaceace 24. Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae 25. Paspalidiumgeminatum Poaceae 26. Phragmites karka Poaceae 27. Pistiastratoides Araceae 28. Saccharumspontaneum Poaceae 29. Schloenoplectusarticulatus Cyperaceae 30. Schoenoplectusarticulates Cyperaceae 31. Typha angustata Typhaceae 32. Vallisneria spiralis Hydrocharitaceae
Table 3.33: LIST OF FRESH WATER FISHES EITHER CAUGHT BY THE FISHERMAN OR REPORTED FROM THE STUDY AREA: S.No. Scientific Name Common name 1. Hetyeropneustesfossilis Cat fish 2. Mystusvittatus Cat fish 3. Catlacatla Catla 4. Glossogobiusgiuris Gobids 5. Platycephalus sp. Gobids 6. Anguilla bengalensis Indian Mottled Eel 7. Cirrhinusmrigala Mrigal 8. Channa punctatus Murrel 9. Channastriatus Murrel 10. Macrobrachiummalcolmsonii Prawn
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11. Macrobrachiumrosenberghii Prawn 12. Labeorohita Rohu 13. Siloniasilonia Silonia 14. Mastecembalusarmatus Spiny eel 15. Oreochromis niloticus Tilapia 16. Wallago attu Wallago
3.13.14. RARE AND ENDANGERED FAUNA OF THE STUDY AREA 3.13.14.1 As per IUCN RED (2010) List The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. No sighted fauna fall under any threat category of IUCN.
3.13.14.2 As per Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended on 17th January 2003, is an Act to provide for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto with a view to ensuring the ecological and environmental security of the country. Some of the sighted fauna were given protection by the Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 by including them in different schedules. Among the birds in the study area, Pea fowl (Pavocristatus) is included in schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act (1972), while the other birds are included in schedule IV except common crow. Among the reptiles, all snakes are in Schedule-II of Wildlife protection act, (1972). Among mammals; Common Mongoose (Herpestesedwardsi), is a schedule –II mammals. Hares and five stripped squirrels are included in schedule IV of Wild Life Protection act 1972 are shown in Table 3.34.
TABLE 3.34: SPECIES PROVIDED PROTECTION AS PER WILD LIFE PROTECTION ACT 1972 Group Species Schedule Pea fowl (Pavocristatus), schedule I Birds Most of other listed birds Schedule-IV Snakes Schedule-II Reptiles Most of other listed Reptiles Schedule-IV Amphibians All listed amphibians Schedule-IV Bandicoot rat (Nosokiaindicaindica) Schedule-V Mammals Common Indian field mouse (Mus booduga) Schedule-V Most of other listed mammals Schedule-IV
3.13.15 STATUS OF THREATENED AND ENDEMIC BIODIVERSITY In order to ascertain whether a species belong to any of the IUCN categories of threat or the BSI or ZSI or the WPA status, appropriate authentic and latest information from the websites was gathered. From the search, it is evident that none of the plant species found either in the core area nor in the project area belongs to a threatened or endemic category. There is no evidence of presence of any endemic species in the study area. The habitat features and the land use pattern in the study area are not conducive to any REET species. Thus, there are no chances of occurrence of any rare or endangered or endemic or threatened (REET) species within the core or buffer area. There are no Sanctuaries, National Parks, Tiger Reserve or Biosphere Reserve or Elephant Corridor or other protected areas within 10 Km of radius from core area. It is evident from the available records, reports and circumstantial evidence that the entire study area including the core and buffer areas were free from any endangered animals. Among the Mammals, only Squirrels, Mongoose, Rats and Bandicoots were seen occasionally during the survey. Monkeys were also rare. Among the reptiles, Lizards, Garden lizards were very common. Rat snake was said to be common but not noticed during the survey. Other reptiles were very rare. The amphibians listed were fairly common. A list of Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians either found or reported from the area is given in Table 3. A list of birds is given in Table 4. There were no resident birds other than Crows, Parrots, Doves, and Weaver birds, Swifts, Quails and Mynas. It is apparent from the list that none of the species with the sole exception of Peacock either spotted or
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3.13.16 INTERPRETATION OF DATA PRIMARY & SECONDARY 3.13.16.1 PRIMARY DATA: In the report under consideration, as far as the flora is concerned, only primary data was used. Primary data is the one which is original, actual, factual and it is collected by the expert (S) based on the survey /sampling of the project site and the buffer zone. Literary resources are used only where there is a doubt about the name of the species and for cross checking or verification of the same. Published works such as the district floras, and web resources such as the Virtual herbarium, Flowers of India (http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Periwinkle.html) etc are used for finding he common names. As far as the flora is concerned only primary data is used except where there is a Wildlife sanctuary or National park. In such cases, the data relating to the sanctuary or Park prepared by the Forest and wildlife department, working plans of the forest department etc are used since no sampling is allowed in such areas without special permission from the National Wildlife Board. In the project under consideration, no such secondary data was used as far as the flora is concerned. 3.13.16.2 SECONDARY DATA: SOURCES, CROSS CHECKING AND AUTHENTICATION / GROUND VALIDATION In case of Fauna, both primary and secondary data are used. In most cases, there won’t be any authentic data relating to the study area. We have information or data base for the entire State and rarely for the entire district. Therefore, information about the biogeographical information systems, State level data base or regional data base and scientific publications if any are used to only to know about what is likely to be present in the study area. With such an idea, the expert during the filed survey looks for any direct, indirect and circumstantial evidence regarding the probable presence of any Mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian etc. In the present case, local people, especially factory workers, teachers, bird watchers, nature lovers, were contacted to solicit the information that they could provide. Visits to the local markets where local products were sold was also considered. Such data / information is accepted only when it is in conformity with the scientific information (relating to the region or the district or the State). That is how verification and cross checking is done. 3.13.17 INTERPRETATION OF EB The site under consideration is in the west Coast of India and it is not a hill station. Seasonal changes are mostly influenced by the rainfall and temperature but temperature variations are not extreme. There are no freezing winters and the temperature is favourable for growth of all plants and crops throughout the year provided there is water. During the rainy season from June to September, most of the productive lands turn green due to the growth of weeds, herbs and cultivated crops. Rainy season is followed by a short transition period during October when the Southwest monsoon withdraws and most annuals complete their life cycle. From November to February, we have a relatively cool and dry season and it is also suitable for plant growth provided there is water. Winter is followed by the hot and humid summer season lasting till the onset of monsoon. Summer is also good for plant growth if there is no shortage of water. Seasons in the study area much like any other plains of India. They can influence the phenological events and phenological calendar of plants but practically all plants can grow throughout the year if there is no shortage of water. But due to the shortage of water during the post monsoon period, landscape changes under natural conditions. Most of the annuals die and wither away. But the perennials remain. Vegetation can influence the fauna, especially the short lived invertebrate fauna of the area to a great extent. Long-lived vertebrates remain and they are not going to vanish in any season.
In the buffer zone, wild flora was restricted to a few small areas which are open to grazing. Due to agriculture and anthropogenic impacts, the flora is dominated by cultivated plants and weeds associated with them. On account of irrigation, weeds were dominated by wetland species. But none of the plant species found in the area belong to any RET category.
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