Fossorial Morphotype Does Not Make a Species in Water Voles

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fossorial Morphotype Does Not Make a Species in Water Voles Mammalia 2015; 79(3): 293–303 Boris Kryštufek, Toni Koren, Simon Engelberger, Győző F. Horváth, Jenő J. Purger, Atilla Arslan, Gabriel Chişamera* and Dumitru Murariu Fossorial morphotype does not make a species in water voles Abstract: Phenetic and ecological plasticity in Arvicola has caused a long-standing dispute over the number of species Introduction within the genus, which is currently thought to consist of Water voles (genus Arvicola Lacépède, 1799) are extraor- two aquatic (sapidus, amphibius) and one fossorial species dinary among the Palaearctic rodents for their outstand- (scherman). We used mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) ing phenetic and ecological plasticity. Two morphological gene sequences to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships types can be distinguished, the aquatic and the fossorial, between the fossorial and the aquatic water voles from each with different living habits (Meylan 1977). This varia- the various regions of their European and Asiatic range. bility has caused a long-standing dispute over the number These two types differed morphologically and exhibited of species within the genus. Whereas Ellerman and Mor- allopatric ranges. Our study provided 50 new haplotypes, rison-Scott (1951) clumped a wide array of morphological generating a total dataset of 70 different water vole cytb forms under one nominal species, A. terrestris (Linnaeus, haplotypes. Phylogenetic reconstructions retrieved two 1758), Hinton (1926) recognized four species and Miller major lineages that were in a sister position to A. sapidus: (1912) listed seven species for Western Europe only. Since a fossorial Swiss lineage and a widespread cluster, which 1970, the majority of authors have accepted a division into contained aquatic and fossorial water voles from Europe two species: A. sapidus Miller, 1908 with a small range in and western Siberia. The phylogeographic architecture in Western Europe, and a widespread and polytypic A. ter- water voles is explained by Quaternary climatic dynamics. restris (Corbet 1978, Niethammer and Krapp 1982 Gromov Our results show that A. scherman in its present scope is and Polyakov 1992, Shenbrot and Krasnov 2005). Within not a monophyletic taxon. the latter, Ognev (1964) distinguished two species, the fos- sorial A. scherman (Shaw, 1801) and the aquatic A. terrestris. Keywords: Arvicola amphibius; Arvicola scherman; cyto- Ognev’s taxonomic arrangement was largely ignored, but chrome b; molecular phylogeny; Quaternary refugia. gained credit after being adopted in the influential compi- lation by Musser and Carleton (2005). The genus Arvicola DOI 10.1515/mammalia-2014-0059 is currently regarded as consisting of two aquatic (sapidus, Received April 15, 2014; accepted July 3, 2014; previously published amphibius) and one fossorial species (scherman). Musser online August 5, 2014 and Carleton (2005) even anticipated “that future revision- ary research will […] converge towards Miller’s (1912) rec- *Corresponding author: Gabriel Chişamera, Department of ognition of biodiversity”, i.e., in an increase in the species Terrestrial Fauna, “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, Sos. Kiseleff no. 1, Bucharest 1, RO-011341, Romania, of water voles. Evidently, our understanding of species e-mail: [email protected] limits in the genus Arvicola is still far from final. Boris Kryštufek: Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Prešernova Arvicola sapidus, which is endemic to the Pyrenean 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Peninsula and France (Shenbrot and Krasnov 2005), pos- Toni Koren: Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, sesses a unique set of chromosomes (Matthey 1956) and Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia is therefore well defined taxonomically. We shall subse- Simon Engelberger: Museum of Natural History Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Wien, Austria quently focus on two species that result from splitting A. Győző F. Horváth and Jenő J. Purger: Institute of Biology, Faculty of terrestris (sensu Corbet 1978) into A. amphibius (Linnaeus, Sciences, Department of Ecology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, 1758) and A. scherman (Musser and Carleton 2005). The Hungary names amphibius and terrestris are synonymous and the Atilla Arslan: Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Selçuk former has priority based on the principle of first reviser University, 42031 Konya, Turkey Dumitru Murariu: Department of Terrestrial Fauna, “Grigore Antipa” (Corbet 1978). Both names were used interchangeably in National Museum of Natural History, Sos. Kiseleff no. 1, Bucharest 1, the past. To avoid confusion, we shall subsequently use RO-011341, Romania amphibius sensu stricto (s.s.) in the sense of Musser and 294 B. Kryštufek et al.: Fossorial morphotype does not make a species in water voles Carleton (2005), and amphibius sensu lato (s.l.) to contain Musser and Carleton’s amphibius s.s. and scherman. The range of Arvicola amphibius s.s. stretches from Western Europe to the River Lena in eastern Siberia (Bat- saikhan et al. 2008). The geographic scope of A. scherman is more restricted, but it is also poorly resolved. Hinton (1926) believed that its range extends over “Central Europe from the Baltic southwards to the Pyrenees”, also encompassing the Alps. Panteleyev (2001) and Amori et al. (2008a) mapped A. scherman for the mountainous regions in northern Spain and the Pyrenees, the Alps, the mountains of Central Europe, and the Carpathians. The two species are presumably allopatric in the south, but show overlapping ranges in the north (e.g., Meylan 1977). Arvicola voles, which typically possess rootless molars, presumably evolved from the extinct rhizodont Mimomys Forsyth Major, 1902, and have been known in the Figure 1 Distribution of water vole samples sequenced for cyto- chrome b gene. Approximate ranges of Arvicola amphibius s.s. fossil record since the beginning of the Early Pleistocene and A. scherman follow Batsaikhan et al. (2008) and Amori et al. (Gromov and Polyakov 1992). Therefore, the taxonomic (2008a), respectively. Symbols for morphotypes (Δ – fossorial; □ richness in Arvicola results from a relatively recent radia- – aquatic) correspond to those in Figure 4 and Table 1. Samples of tion and the species may still be in an ongoing speciation unknown morphotype are denoted by circles. process. In such cases, which are common in arvicolines (e.g., Jaarola et al. 2004), molecular data provide vital insight into past cladogenetic events and current species of Biology, Selçuk University (Konya, Turkey). Tissue limits. In the present study, we used mitochondrial cyto- samples are deposited in the PMS and NMW. chrome b (cytb) gene sequences to reconstruct phyloge- netic relationships between the fossorial and the aquatic water voles from various regions of their European and Morphotypes Asiatic range. Our aim was to test the taxonomic arrange- ment of A. amphibius s.l. Our null hypothesis predicted We examined museum specimens of water voles for their the reciprocal monophyly of the aquatic and the fossorial morphology. Included in the study were individuals morphotypes. If our hypothesis would not be rejected, sequenced for cytb but also museum vouchers of unknown the results will support the current tripartite taxonomic genetic makeup from the same site as the genotyped mate- arrangement of the genus Arvicola. rial. Swiss and German sequences were downloaded from GenBank and their morphotype was not reported (Pfunder et al. 2004, Schlegel et al. 2012b). Swiss samples were from the range of a subspecies scherman (Meylan and Saucy Materials and methods 1995) and were assigned on this ground to the fossorial morphotype. German water voles were not classified into Samples the morphotype. Identification was based on character states and five We studied the mitochondrial genetic makeup of water linear measurements (three external and two cranial) that voles from Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, are used in determination keys (see references in the next Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Romania, Turkey, and paragraph). Measurements were scored only in full grown Russia (Figure 1, Table 1). Voucher specimens (skins and voles (age groups V and VI of Hinton 1926) with complete skulls, or wet specimens) were preserved for the majority skulls: H&B – length of head and body; TL – length of of sequenced individuals. They are deposited in the Slo- tail; HF – length of hind foot (without claws); condyloba- venian Museum of Natural History (PMS; Ljubljana, Slo- sal length of skull (CbL); and length of molar tooth-row venia), Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NMW; Vienna, (MxT). External measurements were obtained from speci- Austria), “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural men tags and skull dimensions were measured using a History (Bucharest, Romania), and the Department dial calliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. B. Kryštufek et al.: Fossorial morphotype does not make a species in water voles 295 Table 1 Water voles included in the phylogenetic analysis, arranged according to morphotypes (Δ – fossorial; □ – aquatic). Names of coun- tries are abbreviated as follows: A – Austria; BH – Bosnia and Herzegovina; CH – Switzerland; D – Germany; H – Hungary; RO – Romania; RU – Russia; SL – Slovenia; SR – Serbia; TR – Turkey. Location Sample locality Longitude/latitude N Morphotype Haplotype GenBank access. no. 1 Hagen, D 51°11′/07°58′ D1 JF318969a 2 Eckhardtshausen, D 50°52′/10°16′ D2 HQ728473b D3 HQ728474b 3 Dürrweitzschen, D 51°10′/12°43′ D4 HQ728469b D5 HQ728470b 4 Scharfenberg, D 51°09′/13°29′ D6
Recommended publications
  • Mammalia: Rodentia) Around Amasya, Turkey
    Z. ATLI ŞEKEROĞLU, H. KEFELİOĞLU, V. ŞEKEROĞLU Turk J Zool 2011; 35(4): 593-598 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-0910-4 Cytogenetic characteristics of Microtus dogramacii (Mammalia: Rodentia) around Amasya, Turkey Zülal ATLI ŞEKEROĞLU1,*, Haluk KEFELİOĞLU2, Vedat ŞEKEROĞLU1 1Ordu University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 52200 Ordu - TURKEY 2Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 55139 Kurupelit, Samsun - TURKEY Received: 02.10.2009 Abstract: Th e banding patterns of chromosomes of Microtus dogramacii, a recently described vole species endemic to Turkey, were studied. G-, C-, and Ag-NOR-banded patterns of this species are reported here for the fi rst time. In this study, 2 karyotypical forms were determined. Each form had the same diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 48), but possessed diff erent autosomal morphologies. For this reason, the samples collected from the research area were karyologically separated into 2 groups, cytotype-1 (NF = 50) and cytotype-2 (NF = 52). All chromosomes possessed centromeric/pericentromeric heterochromatin bands in both karyotypical forms. It was shown that the acrocentric chromosomes of pair 8 in cytotype-1 have been transformed into metacentric chromosomes in cytotype-2 through pericentric inversion. Variation in the number of active NORs was also observed, but the modal number of active NORs was 8. Due to the chromosomal variation found in M. dogramacii, the cytogenetic results presented in this study may represent a process of chromosomal speciation. Key words: Microtus dogramacii, karyology, pericentric inversion, Turkey Amasya (Türkiye) çevresindeki Microtus dogramacii (Mammalia: Rodentia)’nin sitogenetik özellikleri Özet: Türkiye için endemik olan yeni tanımlanmış bir tarla faresi, Microtus dogramacii’nin kromozomlarının bantlı örnekleri çalışıldı.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics, Geographic Variation, and Evolution of Snow Voles (Chionomys) Based on Dental Characters
    AclaThcriologica 36 (1-2): 1-45,1991. PI, ISSN 0001 -7051 Systematics, geographic variation, and evolution of snow voles (Chionomys) based on dental characters Adam NADACHOWSKI Nadachowski A. 1991. Systematics, geographic variation, and evolution of snow voles (iChiononrys) based on dental characters. Acta theriol. 36: 1 -45. Analysis of dental characters of Chionomys supported by a comparison with biochemical and karyological criteria shows its isolation from Microtus (sensu slricto). Snow voles (Chionomys) consist of two lineages developed separately since the Lower Biharian. The first one has appeared and evolved in Europe (Ch. nivalis lineage) while the second is probably of the Near East or Caucasus origin (Ch. roberli-gud lineage). Variation in dental characters of extant Ch. nivalis permit to reconstruct affinities between particular populations comparable in this respect with biochcniical data. Fossil species traditionally included in the Chionomys group (Microtus matei, M. ttivaloides, M. nivalinns, M. rallicepoides) seem to belong to Microtus sensu striclo. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland Key words', systematics, evolution, Chionomys, dental characters Introduction Teeth have long been inlcnsivcly studied by palaeontologists because they have great value in the identification of species and the investigation of variability, microevolution and phylctic relationships. Abundant fossil record of voles (An’icolidae) from Oualcmary sediments of Eurasia and North America discovered in last decades (see Fejfar and Heinrich 1983, Zakrzewski 1985, Rcpcnning 1987 for summary) provide the opportunity to reconstruct their variation, spcciation and phylogcny more precisely. The major changes in the arvicolids lhat have been documented from the fossil materials involve changes in the cheek leeth (Mi and M3).
    [Show full text]
  • Further Assessment of the Genus Neodon and the Description of a New Species from Nepal
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Further assessment of the Genus Neodon and the description of a new species from Nepal 1³ 2 2 3 Nelish PradhanID , Ajay N. Sharma , Adarsh M. Sherchan , Saurav Chhetri , 4 1³ Paliza Shrestha , C. William KilpatrickID * 1 Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, 2 Center for Molecular Dynamics±Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, 3 Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America, 4 Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America a1111111111 ³ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Recent molecular systematic studies of arvicoline voles of the genera Neodon, Lasiopod- omys, Phaiomys, and Microtus from Central Asia suggest the inclusion of Phaiomys leu- OPEN ACCESS curus, Microtus clarkei, and Lasiopodomys fuscus into Neodon and moving Neodon juldaschi into Microtus (Blanfordimys). In addition, three new species of Neodon (N. linz- Citation: Pradhan N, Sharma AN, Sherchan AM, Chhetri S, Shrestha P, Kilpatrick CW (2019) Further hiensis, N. medogensis, and N. nyalamensis) have recently been described from Tibet. assessment of the Genus Neodon and the Analyses of concatenated mitochondrial (Cytb, COI) and nuclear (Ghr, Rbp3) genes recov- description of a new species from Nepal. PLoS ered Neodon as a well-supported monophyletic clade including all the recently described ONE 14(7): e0219157. https://doi.org/10.1371/ and relocated species. Kimura-2-parameter distance between Neodon from western Nepal journal.pone.0219157 compared to N. sikimensis (K2P = 13.1) and N. irene (K2P = 13.4) was equivalent to genetic Editor: Johan R.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Distribution and Hosts of the Cestode Paranoplocephala Omphalodes (Hermann, 1783) Lühe, 1910 in Russia and Adjacent Territories
    Parasitology Research (2019) 118:3543–3548 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06462-z GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND PHYLOGENY - SHORT COMMUNICATION Geographical distribution and hosts of the cestode Paranoplocephala omphalodes (Hermann, 1783) Lühe, 1910 in Russia and adjacent territories Pavel Vlasenko1 & Sergey Abramov1 & Sergey Bugmyrin2 & Tamara Dupal1 & Nataliya Fomenko3 & Anton Gromov4 & Eugeny Zakharov5 & Vadim Ilyashenko6 & Zharkyn Kabdolov7 & Artem Tikunov8 & Egor Vlasov9 & Anton Krivopalov1 Received: 1 February 2019 /Accepted: 11 September 2019 /Published online: 6 November 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Paranoplocephala omphalodes is a widespread parasite of voles. Low morphological variability within the genus Paranoplocephala has led to erroneous identification of P. omphalodes a wide range of definitive hosts. The use of molecular methods in the earlier investigations has confirmed that P. omphalodes parasitizes four vole species in Europe. We studied the distribution of P. omphalodes in Russia and Kazakhstan using molecular tools. The study of 3248 individuals of 20 arvicoline species confirmed a wide distribution of P. omphalodes. Cestodes of this species were found in Microtus arvalis, M. levis, M. agrestis, Arvicola amphibius, and also in Chionomys gud. Analysis of the mitochondrial gene cox1 variability revealed a low haplotype diversity in P. omphalodes in Eurasia. Keywords Paranoplocephala omphalodes . Cestodes . Vo le s . Haplotype . cox1 . Eurasia Introduction Cestodes of the genus Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 (family Anoplocephalidae) parasitizing the small intestine of Section Editor: Guillermo Salgado-Maldonado arvicoline rodents are widespread in the Holarctic. Low mor- phological variability within the genus has led to erroneous * Anton Krivopalov identifications of Paranoplocephala omphalodes (Hermann, [email protected] 1783) Lühe, 1910 in the wide range of definitive hosts (24 species of rodents from the 10 genera) (Ryzhikov et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Agricultural Changes and the Expansion of a Water Vole
    Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 212 (2015) 198–206 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment journa l homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/agee Historical agricultural changes and the expansion of a water vole population in an Alpine valley a,b,c,d, a c c e Guillaume Halliez *, François Renault , Eric Vannard , Gilles Farny , Sandra Lavorel d,f , Patrick Giraudoux a Fédération Départementale des Chasseurs du Doubs—rue du Châtelard, 25360 Gonsans, France b Fédération Départementale des Chasseurs du Jura—route de la Fontaine Salée, 39140 Arlay, France c Parc National des Ecrins—Domaine de Charance, 05000 Gap, France d Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté/CNRS—16 route de, Gray, France e Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes – BP53 2233 rue de la Piscine, 38041 Grenoble, France f Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Small mammal population outbreaks are one of the consequences of socio-economic and technological Received 20 January 2015 changes in agriculture. They can cause important economic damage and generally play a key role in food Received in revised form 30 June 2015 webs, as a major food resource for predators. The fossorial form of the water vole, Arvicola terrestris, was Accepted 8 July 2015 unknown in the Haute Romanche Valley (French Alps) before 1998. In 1998, the first colony was observed Available online xxx at the top of a valley and population spread was monitored during 12 years, until 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Niche Evolution and Its Relation To
    514 G. Shenbrot Сборник трудов Зоологического музея МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова Archives of Zoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State University Том / Vol. 54 Cтр. / Pр. 514–540 ECOLOGICAL NICHE EVOLUTION AND ITS RELATION TO PHYLOGENY AND GEOGRAPHY: A CASE STUDY OF ARVICOLINE VOLES (RODENTIA: ARVICOLINI) Georgy Shenbrot Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; [email protected] Relations between ecological niches, genetic distances and geographic ranges were analyzed by pair-wise comparisons of 43 species and 38 intra- specifi c phylogenetic lineages of arvicoline voles (genera Alexandromys, Chi onomys, Lasiopodomys, Microtus). The level of niche divergence was found to be positively correlated with the level of genetic divergence and negatively correlated with the level of differences in position of geographic ranges of species and intraspecifi c forms. Frequency of different types of niche evolution (divergence, convergence, equivalence) was found to depend on genetic and geographic relations of compared forms. Among the latter with allopatric distribution, divergence was less frequent and convergence more frequent between intra-specifi c genetic lineages than between either clo sely-related or distant species. Among the forms with parapatric dis- tri bution, frequency of divergence gradually increased and frequencies of both convergence and equivalence gradually decreased from intra-specifi c genetic lineages via closely related to distant species. Among species with allopatric distribution, frequencies of niche divergence, con vergence and equivalence in closely related and distant species were si milar. The results obtained allowed suggesting that the main direction of the niche evolution was their divergence that gradually increased with ti me since population split.
    [Show full text]
  • Arvicolinae and Outgroup Mitochondrial Genome Accession Numbers
    Supplementary Materials: Table S1: Arvicolinae and outgroup mitochondrial genome accession numbers. Species Name Accession Number Lasiopodomys brandtii MN614478.1 Lasiopodomys mandarinus JX014233.1 Lasiopodomys gregalis MN199169.1 Microtus fortis fortis JF261174.1 Microtus fortis calamorum JF261175.1 Microtus kikuchii AF348082.1 Neodon irene NC016055.1 Neodon fuscus MG833880.1 Neodon sikimensis KU891252.1 Microtus rossiaemeridionalis DQ015676.1 Microtus levis NC008064.1 Microtus arvalis MG948434.1 Terricola subterraneus MN326850.1 Microtus agrestis MH152570.1 Microtus richardsoni MT225016.1 Microtus ochrogaster KT166982.1 Proedromys liangshanensis FJ463038.1 Arvicola amphibius MN122828.1 Myodes regulus NC016427.1 Myodes rufocanus KT725595.1 Myodes rutilus MK482363.1 Myodes glareolus KF918859.1 Eothenomys melanogaster KP997311.1 Eothenomys miletus KX014874.1 Eothenomys chinensis FJ483847.1 Eothenomys Inez KU200225.1 Ondatra zibethicus KU177045.1 Dicrostonyx hudsonius KX683880.1 Dicrostonyx groenlandicus KX712239.1 Dicrostonyx torquatus MN792940.1 Prometheomys schaposchnikowi NC049036.1 Cricetulus griseus DQ390542.2 Peromyscus polionotus KY707301.1 Sigmodon hispidus KY707311.1 Mus musculus V00711.1 Table S2: Sequenced Wildwood Trust water vole samples. Sample Sample Enclosure Local ID Sex No. Type No. 1 Tissue TB31 - - 2 Tissue WW46 - - 3 Tissue WW0304/34 - Male 4 Tissue WW34/39 - - 5 Hair Q88 - Male 6 Hair Q100 - Male 7 Hair R95 - Male 8 Hair R12 - Male 9 Hair R28 - Male 10 Hair Q100 - Male 11 Faecal R2 2228 Male 12 Faecal Q52 2245 Female 13 Faecal Q42 2218 Female 14 Faecal Q7 2264 Female 15 Faecal Q75a 2326 Female 16 Faecal R50 2232 Male 17 Faecal R51 2225 Male 18 Faecal Q58 2314 Male 19 Faecal Q100 2185 Female 20 Faecal R27 2445 Female Table S3: Additional water vole sequences from previous publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Ther5 1 017 024 Golenishchev.Pm6
    Russian J. Theriol. 5 (1): 1724 © RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF THERIOLOGY, 2006 The developmental conduit of the tribe Microtini (Rodentia, Arvicolinae): Systematic and evolutionary aspects Fedor N. Golenishchev & Vladimir G. Malikov ABSTRACT. According to the recent data on molecular genetics and comparative genomics of the grey voles of the tribe Microtini it is supposed, that their Nearctic and Palearctic groups had independently originated from different lineages of the extinct genus Mimomys. Nevertheless, that tribe is considered as a natural taxon. The American narrow-skulled voles are referred to a new taxon, Vocalomys subgen. nov. KEY WORDS: homology, homoplasy, phylogeny, vole, Microtini, evolution, taxonomy. Fedor N. Golenishchev [[email protected]] and Vladimir G. Malikov [[email protected]], Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia. «Êàíàë ðàçâèòèÿ» ïîëåâîê òðèáû Microtini (Rodentia, Arvicolinae): ñèñòåìàòèêî-ýâîëþöèîííûé àñïåêò. Ô.Í. Ãîëåíèùåâ, Â.Ã. Ìàëèêîâ ÐÅÇÞÌÅ.  ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïîñëåäíèìè äàííûìè ìîëåêóëÿðíîé ãåíåòèêè è ñðàâíèòåëüíîé ãåíîìè- êè ñåðûõ ïîëåâîê òðèáû Microtini äåëàåòñÿ âûâîä î íåçàâèñèìîì ïðîèñõîæäåíèè íåàðêòè÷åñêèõ è ïàëåàðêòè÷åñêèõ ãðóïï îò ðàçíûõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé âûìåðøåãî ðîäà Mimomys. Íåñìîòðÿ íà ýòî, äàííàÿ òðèáà ñ÷èòàåòñÿ åñòåñòâåííûì òàêñîíîì. Àìåðèêàíñêèå óçêî÷åðåïíûå ïîëåâêè âûäåëÿþòñÿ â ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíûé ïîäðîä Vocalomys subgen. nov. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: ãîìîëîãèÿ, ãîìîïëàçèÿ, ôèëîãåíèÿ, ïîëåâêè, Microtini, ýâîëþöèÿ, òàêñîíîìèÿ. Introduction The history of the group in the light of The Holarctic subfamily Arvicolinae Gray, 1821 is the molecular data known to comprise a number of transberingian vicari- ants together with a few Holarctic forms. Originally, The grey voles are usually altogether regarded as a the extent of their phylogenetic relationships was judged first-hand descendant of the Early Pleistocene genus on their morphological similarity.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversification of Muroid Rodents Driven by the Late Miocene Global Cooling Nelish Pradhan University of Vermont
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2018 Diversification Of Muroid Rodents Driven By The Late Miocene Global Cooling Nelish Pradhan University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons, Evolution Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Pradhan, Nelish, "Diversification Of Muroid Rodents Driven By The Late Miocene Global Cooling" (2018). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 907. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/907 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIVERSIFICATION OF MUROID RODENTS DRIVEN BY THE LATE MIOCENE GLOBAL COOLING A Dissertation Presented by Nelish Pradhan to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Biology May, 2018 Defense Date: January 8, 2018 Dissertation Examination Committee: C. William Kilpatrick, Ph.D., Advisor David S. Barrington, Ph.D., Chairperson Ingi Agnarsson, Ph.D. Lori Stevens, Ph.D. Sara I. Helms Cahan, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT Late Miocene, 8 to 6 million years ago (Ma), climatic changes brought about dramatic floral and faunal changes. Cooler and drier climates that prevailed in the Late Miocene led to expansion of grasslands and retreat of forests at a global scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Karyotypic Relationships of the Tatra Vole (Microtus Tatricus)
    Folia Zool. – 53(3): 279–284 (2004) Karyotypic relationships of the Tatra vole (Microtus tatricus) Natália MARTÍNKOVÁ1, Petra NOVÁ2, Olga V. SABLINA3, Alexander S. GRAPHODATSKY3 and Jan ZIMA1* 1 Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, CZ-603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 6030090, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Received 22 December 2003; Accepted 25 August 2004 A b s t r a c t . This study reports for the first time the banding pattern on chromosomes of the Tatra vole, Microtus tatricus, as revealed by G-, C-, and Ag-NOR staining procedures. The banded karyotype of M. tatricus was compared with Microtus (Terricola) subterraneus, M. (Stenocranius) gregalis, and M. (Blanfordimys) aghanus. The karyotype of M. tatricus possesses highly derived features, e.g., the low diploid number of chromosomes or unique combinations of arms in the biarmed autosomes. It is almost impossible to find clear relationships of M. tatricus with other extant vole species from the point of view of comparative karyology. The karyotypic changes in voles are apparently not accompanied by adequate divergence in morphological and genetic traits. Key words: chromosomes, banding pattern, phylogeny, M. subterraneus, M. gregalis, M. afghanus Introduction The Tatra vole, Microtus tatricus (Kratochvíl, 1952) is the only mammalian species endemic to the Carpathian Mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • The Feeding Behaviour of Breeding Short-Eared Owls (Asio Flammeus) and Relationships with Communities of Small Mammal Prey
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by I-Revues THE FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF BREEDING SHORT-EARED OWLS (ASIO FLAMMEUS) AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH COMMUNITIES OF SMALL MAMMAL PREY Dominique MICHELAT & Patrick GIRAUDOUX* RÉSUMÉ Le suivi de cinq couples nicheurs de Hibou des marais (Asio flammeus) dans le bassin du Drugeon (près de Pontarlier, Haut-Doubs, France) a révélé que leur distribution était liée, dans l'espace et dans le temps, aux variations de densité du Campagnol des champs (Microtus arvalis) et du Campagnol terrestre (Arvicola terrestris). Les oiseaux sélectionnaient les secteurs où les densités de ces rongeurs prairiaux étaient non seulement les plus élevées mais aussi distribuées de manière la plus homogène. Le succès moyen des tentatives de capture était de 32 %. Les performances de chasse entre mâles dans les différents milieux fréquentés (prairies, pâtures, marais) n'étaient pas significativement différentes. Cependant le nombre de jeunes à 1' envol était fortement corrélé (r = 0,89) au succès de capture des mâles. Il semble donc que, compte tenu de l'homogénéité des populations de proies, le succès de reproduction ait bien été déterminé par les performances de chasse des mâles. Le régime alimentaire fut étudié à partir de 192 pelotes, totalisant 297 proies identifiables. La recherche de corrélations entre les tentatives de capture par les mâles et la proportion des différentes espèces de rongeurs dans le régime alimentaire des couples a montré que les proportions de Campagnol des champs et de Campagnol agreste (Microtus agrestis) étaient liées à l'effort de chasse des mâles dans l'habitat typique de chaque espèce de rongeur (respectivement r = 0,97 pour la prairie permanente et le Campagnol des champs, et r = 0,96 pour les marais et le Campagnol agreste).
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Systematics and Holarctic Phylogeography of Cestodes of the Genus Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 S
    Zoologica Scripta Molecular systematics and Holarctic phylogeography of cestodes of the genus Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 s. s. (Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae) in lemmings (Lemmus, Synaptomys) VOITTO HAUKISALMI,LOTTA M. HARDMAN,VADIM B. FEDOROV,ERIC P. HOBERG & HEIKKI HENTTONEN Submitted: 27 March 2015 Haukisalmi, V., Hardman, L.M., Fedorov, V.B., Hoberg, E.P., Henttonen, H. (2016). Accepted: 2 July 2015 Molecular systematics and Holarctic phylogeography of cestodes of the genus Anoplo- doi:10.1111/zsc.12136 cephaloides Baer, 1923 s. s. (Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae) in lemmings (Lemmus, Synap- tomys). —Zoologica Scripta, 45,88–102. The present molecular systematic and phylogeographic analysis is based on sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) (mtDNA) and 28S ribosomal DNA and includes 59 isolates of cestodes of the genus Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 s. s. (Cyclophyllidea, Anoplo- cephalidae) from arvicoline rodents (lemmings and voles) in the Holarctic region. The emphasis is on Anoplocephaloides lemmi (Rausch 1952) parasitizing Lemmus trimucronatus and Lemmus sibiricus in the northern parts of North America and Arctic coast of Siberia, and Anoplocephaloides kontrimavichusi (Rausch 1976) parasitizing Synaptomys borealis in Alaska and British Columbia. The cox1 data, 28S data and their concatenated data all suggest that A. lemmi and A. kontrimavichusi are both non-monophyletic, each consisting of two separate, well-defined clades, that is independent species. As an example, the sister group of the clade 1ofA. lemmi, evidently representing the ‘type clade’ of this species, is the clade 1 of A. kontrimavichusi. For A. kontrimavichusi, it is not known which one is the type clade. There is also fairly strong evidence for the non-monophyly of Anoplocephaloides dentata (Galli-Valerio, 1905)-like species, although an earlier phylogeny suggested that this multi- species assemblage may be monophyletic.
    [Show full text]