Organic Electronics
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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,298,686 B2 Uetani (45) Date of Patent: Oct
US008298686B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,298,686 B2 Uetani (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 30, 2012 (54) COMPOSITION AND ORGANIC JP 2008-266459 A 11, 2008 PHOTOELECTRC CONVERTER USING THE WO 2008/O16091 A1 2/2008 SAME WO 2008/044585 A1 4, 2008 WO 2008/093822 A1 8/2008 (75) Inventor: Yasunori Uetani, Tsukuba (JP) WO 2008/0938.23 A1 8/2008 WO 2008/093831 A1 8/2008 (73) Assignee: Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited, Tokyo (JP) OTHER PUBLICATIONS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Youngkyoo Kim, et al., Organic Photovoltaic Devices Based on patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Blends of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Poly(9.9- U.S.C. 154(b) by 124 days. dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole), Chemistry of Materials, vol. 16, No. 3, Nov. 1, 2004, pp. 4812-4818. (21) Appl. No.: 12/867,799 O. Inganäs, et al., "Low bandgap alternating polyfluorene copoly (22) PCT Filed: Feb. 17, 2009 mers in plastic photodiodes and Solar cells'. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, vol. 79, No. 1, Jun. 1, 2004, pp. (86). PCT No.: PCT/UP2009/053126 31-35. S371 (c)(1), Extended European Search Report issued Mar. 29, 2012 in European (2), (4) Date: Aug. 16, 2010 Patent Application No. 09713439.9. Christopher R. McNeill, et al., “Dual electron donor/electron accep (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2009/104781 tor character of a conjugated polymer in efficient photovoltaic PCT Pub. Date: Aug. 27, 2009 diodes'. Applied Physics Letters, vol. 90, No. 19, May 9, 2007, pp. 193506-1-193506-3. -
Antireflective Coatings
materials Review Antireflective Coatings: Conventional Stacking Layers and Ultrathin Plasmonic Metasurfaces, A Mini-Review Mehdi Keshavarz Hedayati 1,* and Mady Elbahri 1,2,3,* 1 Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24143, Germany 2 Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht 21502, Germany 3 Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Aalto 00076, Finland * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.K.H.); mady.elbahri@aalto.fi (M.E.); Tel.: +49-431-880-6148 (M.K.H.); +49-431-880-6230 (M.E.) Academic Editor: Lioz Etgar Received: 2 May 2016; Accepted: 15 June 2016; Published: 21 June 2016 Abstract: Reduction of unwanted light reflection from a surface of a substance is very essential for improvement of the performance of optical and photonic devices. Antireflective coatings (ARCs) made of single or stacking layers of dielectrics, nano/microstructures or a mixture of both are the conventional design geometry for suppression of reflection. Recent progress in theoretical nanophotonics and nanofabrication has enabled more flexibility in design and fabrication of miniaturized coatings which has in turn advanced the field of ARCs considerably. In particular, the emergence of plasmonic and metasurfaces allows for the realization of broadband and angular-insensitive ARC coatings at an order of magnitude thinner than the operational wavelengths. In this review, a short overview of the development of ARCs, with particular attention paid to the state-of-the-art plasmonic- and metasurface-based antireflective surfaces, is presented. Keywords: antireflective coating; plasmonic metasurface; absorbing antireflective coating; antireflection 1. -
Organic Solar Cell
A MILESTONE IN SOLAR CELLS: ORGANIC SOLAR CELL Prashant Vats1, Prashant Kumar Tayal2, Neeru Goyal3, Rajesh Bhargava4 1,2,4Faculty, Department of Electrical Engineering, L.I.E.T., ALWAR (Raj), (India) 3Faculty, Department of Electrical Engineering, Govt. Polytecnic College, ALWAR (Raj), (India) ABSTRACT Organic solar cells are mostly flexible and lightweight—a good solution to low cost energy production, which can have a manufacturing advantages over inorganic solar cell materials. An organic solar cell uses organic electronics, which deals with conducting polymers or small organic molecules. In 1959, Kallamann and Pope reported a photovoltaic effect in a single crystal of anthracene which was sandwiched between two similar electrodes and illuminated from one side. But they could not explain the phenomenon completely Keywords : Organic Electronics, Photovoltaic Effect, Illuminated etc. I. INTRODUCTION The first organic solar cell was reported by Tang in 1986, with a power conversion efficiency of 1 per -cent (Tang etal.). The simple working principle for photovoltaic devices is that of ‘light in and current out’ which can be analyzed by seven processes: photon absorption, excitation formation and migration, exciton dissociation, charge transport and charge collection at the electrode. The structure of an organic solar cell is very simple. A setup with one photoactive material and electrodes constructed at top and bottom can show a photovoltaic current. In Figure 1, the organic solar cell consists of a photoactive layer composed of two different materials: donor and acceptor. Here the conducting glass acts as an anode and the metal acts as a cathode. The donor and acceptor material has two energy levels one is the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and the other is the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) and the energy gap between these two layers is the band gap. -
ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Materials, Physics, Chemistry and Applications
ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Materials, Physics, Chemistry and Applications AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK TABLE OF CONTENTS XXX . • Description p.1 • Audience p.1 • Impact Factor p.1 • Abstracting and Indexing p.2 • Editorial Board p.2 • Guide for Authors p.4 ISSN: 1566-1199 DESCRIPTION . Organic Electronics is a journal whose primary interdisciplinary focus is on materials and phenomena related to organic and hybrid organic-inorganic devices such as light emitting diodes, thin film transistors, photovoltaic cells, sensors, memories, etc. Papers suitable for publication in this journal cover such topics as photoconductive and electronic properties of organic and hybrid organic-inorganic semiconductors, thin film structures and characterization in the context of materials processing, charge and exciton transport, and electronic and optoelectronic devices. Organic Electronics provides the forum for applied, fundamental and interdisciplinary contributions spanning the wide range of electronic properties and applications of organic and hybrid organic- inorganic materials. A Letters section is included for rapid publication of short articles announcing significant and highly original results. Keywords: organic electronics, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, thin film transistors, sensors, memories, organic semiconductors, hybrid organic-inorganic semiconductors, halide perovskites, colloidal quantum dots, optoelectronics, charge transport. Benefits to authors We also provide many author benefits, such as free PDFs, a liberal copyright policy, special discounts on Elsevier publications and much more. Please click here for more information on our author services. Please see our Guide for Authors for information on article submission. If you require any further information or help, please visit our Support Center AUDIENCE . Applied physicists, Materials scientists IMPACT FACTOR . 2020: 3.721 © Clarivate Analytics Journal Citation Reports 2021 AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 23 Sep 2021 www.elsevier.com/locate/orgel 1 ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING . -
Polyfluorene Has Emerged As an Attractive Material for Display
Highly efficient blue polyfluorene-based polymer light - emitting diodes through solvent vapor annealing T. Zhang, Y. Deng, S. Johnson and G. Liu* Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 Abstract A highly efficient blue polymer light emitting diode based on [poly(9,9-di(2-(2-(2- methoxy-ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)] (PFOEO3) by solvent vapor annealing the polymer emitting layer is fabricated in a bi-layer device with the Al cathode. High electroluminescent efficiency is achieved by balancing charge injection. Better contact interface between polymer and cathode formed by making chain conformation reoriented with solvent vapor exposure. The effect of solvent vapor exposure on the potential barrier height of the interface is estimated using the Richardson-Schottky model. The maximum efficiency achieved 2.3 cd/A of the vapor exposed device from 0.9cd/A of the untreated pristine device. *Corresponding Author: Phone: (510) 486-7207; fax: (510) 486-7303; email: [email protected] 1 1.Introduction Conjugated polymer electroluminescence (EL) has been extensively studied for its applications in optoelectronic devices since the original report by Burroughes et al.[1] The solution based fabrication process for the polymer organic light emitting diode (OLED) has been recognized as a major advantage compared to the vacuum deposition process for small molecule OLED device. However, one major problem faced in the development of polymer light-emitting diodes is that of unbalanced carrier transport. One option is to use multi-layer devices with charge-injection or transporting layer. One limitation imposed by the solution process is layer mixing during the coating process for multilayered devices. -
Design of Multi-Layer Anti-Reflection Coating for Terrestrial Solar Panel
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 39, No. 3, June 2016, pp. 683–689. c Indian Academy of Sciences. DOI 10.1007/s12034-016-1195-x Design of multi-layer anti-reflection coating for terrestrial solar panel glass B GEETHA PRIYADARSHINI1,∗ and A K SHARMA2 1Nanotech Research Innovation & Incubation Centre, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641004, India 2National Centre for Photovoltaic Research & Education, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay 400 076, India MS received 14 September 2015; accepted 10 December 2015 Abstract. To date, there is no ideal anti-reflection (AR) coating available on solar glass which can effectively trans- mit the incident light within the visible wavelength range. However, there is a need to develop multifunctional coating with superior anti-reflection properties and self-cleaning ability meant to be used for solar glass panels. In spite of self-cleaning ability of materials like TiO2 and ZnO, these coatings on glass substrate have tendency to reduce light transmission due to their high refractive indices than glass. Thus, to infuse the anti-reflective property, a low refrac- tive index, SiO2 layer needs to be used in conjunction with TiO2 and ZnO layers. In such case, the optimization of individual layer thickness is crucial to achieve maximum transmittance of the visible light. In the present study, we propose an omni-directional anti-reflection coating design for the visible spectral wavelength range of 400–700 nm, where the maximum intensity of light is converted into electrical energy. Herein, we employ the quarter wavelength criteria using SiO2,TiO2 and ZnO to design the coating composed of single, double and triple layers. -
Polyfluorene-Based Semiconductors Combined with Various Periodic
Progress in Polymer Science 37 (2012) 1192–1264 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Progress in Polymer Science j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ppolysci Polyfluorene-based semiconductors combined with various periodic table elements for organic electronics ∗ Ling-Hai Xie, Cheng-Rong Yin, Wen-Yong Lai, Qu-Li Fan, Wei Huang Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Polyfluorenes have emerged as versatile semiconducting materials with applications in Received 12 April 2011 various polymer optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting devices, lasers, solar cells, Received in revised form 8 February 2012 memories, field-effect transistors and sensors. Organic syntheses and polymerizations Accepted 10 February 2012 allow for the powerful introduction of various periodic table elements and their build- Available online 16 February 2012 ing blocks into -conjugated polymers to meet the requirements of organic devices. In this review, a soccer-team-like framework with 11 nodes is initially proposed to illus- Keywords: trate the structure–property relationships at three levels: chain structures, thin films -Conjugated polymers and devices. Second, the modelling of hydrocarbon polyfluorenes (CPFs) is summarized Band-gap engineering Light-emitting diodes within the framework of a four-element design principle, in which we have highlighted Photovoltaic cell polymorphic poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene)s with unique supramolecular interactions, various Field-effect transistors hydrocarbon-based monomers with different electronic structures, functional bulky groups Memories with steric hindrance effects and ladder-type, kinked, hyperbranched and dendritic confor- mations. -
Low Dielectric Constant-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Capacitors
LOW DIELECTRIC CONSTANT-BASED ORGANIC FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AND METAL-INSULATOR-SEMICONDUCTOR CAPACITORS A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by NDUBUISI BENJAMIN UKAH Dr. Suchi Guha, Dissertation Supervisor DECEMBER 2012 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled LOW DIELECTRIC CONSTANT-BASED ORGANIC FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AND METAL-INSULATOR-SEMICONDUCTOR CAPACITORS Presented by Ndubuisi Benjamin Ukah A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. ____________________________________________________ Dr. Suchi Guha ____________________________________________________ Dr. Carsten Ullrich ____________________________________________________ Dr. Gavin King ____________________________________________________ Dr. Ping Yu ____________________________________________________ Dr. Naz Islam DEDICATION I cannot exhaust my many thanks to my loving wife, pillar of support, and co- strategist – Ahunna, who having traveled this extraordinary road before me, stood by me every step of the way. I also express my indebtedness and gratitude to my loving parents, sister, and brothers for their support, encouragement, sacrifice, and prayers throughout my graduate degree journey. I pray for the blessings of Almighty God on them, friends and well-wishers. Last, I will never forget the support and prayers of my American family - Mr. & Mrs. Tom Carter, who drove me down to Columbia in August of 2009 and ensured that I settled in on day one. My debt to them is without measure. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor - Dr. Suchi Guha for taking a chance on me and for her all-round support and guidance throughout the period. -
Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics – Facts and Figures Focus on Food Packaging in the Netherlands
Bio-based and biodegradable plastics – Facts and Figures Focus on food packaging in the Netherlands Martien van den Oever, Karin Molenveld, Maarten van der Zee, Harriëtte Bos Rapport nr. 1722 Bio-based and biodegradable plastics - Facts and Figures Focus on food packaging in the Netherlands Martien van den Oever, Karin Molenveld, Maarten van der Zee, Harriëtte Bos Report 1722 Colophon Title Bio-based and biodegradable plastics - Facts and Figures Author(s) Martien van den Oever, Karin Molenveld, Maarten van der Zee, Harriëtte Bos Number Wageningen Food & Biobased Research number 1722 ISBN-number 978-94-6343-121-7 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/408350 Date of publication April 2017 Version Concept Confidentiality No/yes+date of expiration OPD code OPD code Approved by Christiaan Bolck Review Intern Name reviewer Christaan Bolck Sponsor RVO.nl + Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs Client RVO.nl + Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs Wageningen Food & Biobased Research P.O. Box 17 NL-6700 AA Wageningen Tel: +31 (0)317 480 084 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.wur.nl/foodandbiobased-research © Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, institute within the legal entity Stichting Wageningen Research All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. The publisher does not accept any liability for inaccuracies in this report. 2 © Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, institute within the legal entity Stichting Wageningen Research Preface For over 25 years Wageningen Food & Biobased Research (WFBR) is involved in research and development of bio-based materials and products. -
Flexible and Printed Electronics February 2021
1. February 2021 Advanced Technologies – for Industry Product Watch Flexible and printed electronics Product Watch Report - European Commission This report was prepared by Chiel Scholten, Kincsö Izsak and Maialen Perez from Technopolis Group. The authors would like to thank the interviewees for their valuable comments and inputs. EUROPEAN COMMISSION Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) Unit A.1.2 — COSME E-mail: [email protected] Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs Unit D.2 — Industrial forum, alliances, clusters E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels LEGAL NOTICE The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of EASME or of the Commission. Neither EASME, nor the Commission can guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither EASME, nor the Commission or any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use, which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). PDF ISBN 978-92-9460-556-6 doi:10.2826/295137 EA-02-21-327-EN-N © European Union, 2021 February 2021 Product Watch Report - European Commission Table of contents Section 1 ............................................................................................................................... 4 1. Background and objectives of the report .................................................................... -
Polyfluorene/Carbon Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Capacitors
75,No. 8(2007) 601 ― Communication― Polyfluorene/Carbon Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Capacitors Kenji MACHIDA, Shunzo SUEMATSU, and Kenji TAMAMITSU * Research Center, Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation (363, Arakawa, Takahagi-shi, Ibaraki 318-8505, Japan) Received January 31, 2007 ; Accepted June 6, 2007 A nanocomposite material based on polyfluorene (PF) loaded with a carbon black, namely Ketjen Black (KB), was investigated electrochemically as a cathode material for high-energy electrochemical capacitors. The nanocomposite was prepared by a chemical oxidation of fluorene monomer dissolved in the KB suspension. From TEM observation, thin PF films with 5-15 nm in thickness were loaded onto the surface of the aggregated KB particles. The nanocom- posite based capacitor electrode exhibited high specific capacitance of 160 F g−1 (260 F g−1 per PF mass) in an elec- trolyte of 1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate/propylene carbonate. More importantly, the charge was found to be stored at high potential ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 V vs. Ag/Ag+, which is higher than the redox potentials for con- ventional conducting polymers. Key Words : Electrochemical Capacitor, Polyfluorene, Nanocomposite, Ketjen Black 1 Introduction Conducting polymers have been studied widely as electrode material in energy devices and more particu- larly in electrochemical capacitors.1-13)Charge storage of the conducting polymer based electrochemical capacitors is based on redox reaction of π-conjugated system (p- Fig. 1 Structure of polyfluorene (PF). doping or n-doping) in the conducting polymer, while charge storage of conventional electric double layer capacitors is double layer charging/discharging at the tive material with the PF is required. -
Development of Flexible and Functional Sequins Using Subtractive Technology and 3D Printing for Embroidered Wearable Textile Applications
materials Article Development of Flexible and Functional Sequins Using Subtractive Technology and 3D Printing for Embroidered Wearable Textile Applications Ramona Nolden * , Kerstin Zöll and Anne Schwarz-Pfeiffer Research Institute for Textile and Clothing, Hochschule Niederrhein-University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstraße 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany; [email protected] (K.Z.); [email protected] (A.S.-P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Embroidery is often the preferred technology when rigid circuit boards need to be con- nected to sensors and electrodes by data transmission lines and integrated into textiles. Moreover, conventional circuit boards, like Lilypad Arduino, commonly lack softness and flexibility. One approach to overcome this drawback can be flexible sequins as a substrate carrier for circuit boards. In this paper, such an approach of the development of flexible and functional sequins and circuit boards for wearable textile applications using subtractive and additive technology is demonstrated. Applying these techniques, one-sided sequins and circuit boards are produced using wax printing and etching copper-clad foils, as well as using dual 3D printing of conventional isolating and electri- cally conductive materials. The resulting flexible and functional sequins are equipped with surface mounted devices, applied to textiles by an automated embroidery process and contacted with a Citation: Nolden, R.; Zöll, K.; conductive embroidery thread. Schwarz-Pfeiffer, A. Development of Flexible and Functional Sequins Keywords: 3D printing; additive manufacturing; circuit boards; functional sequins; subtractive Using Subtractive Technology and 3D technology; wearable electronics Printing for Embroidered Wearable Textile Applications. Materials 2021, 14, 2633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma14102633 1.