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Report on the Geology of Tuscola County Michigan

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Report on the Geology of Tuscola County Michigan REPORT General surface configuration of the county ..................6 OF THE Elevations within the County..........................................7 STATE BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Elevations in Tuscola county..........................................8 OF MICHIGAN Surface drainage systems..............................................8 FOR THE YEAR 1908 The cass river valley ......................................................8 Lapeer river tributaries ...................................................9 GEOLOGY Lakes, Ponds and Swamps............................................9 ALFRED C. LANE Number and size ............................................................9 STATE GEOLOGIST Temporary ponds .........................................................10 MAY 18, 1910 Swamps and Marshes..................................................10 Saginaw Bay and its beaches......................................11 BY AUTHORITY Diagonal Features of the County .................................12 LANSING, MICHIGAN Strike and dip of the rock formations ...........................12 WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO., STATE PRINTERS 1909 Surface slopes and drainage .......................................12 The soils of the county .................................................13 REPORT CHAPTER III. THE GLACIAL PERIOD IN TUSCOLA ON THE COUNTY..........................................................................13 GEOLOGY OF TUSCOLA COUNTY MICHIGAN Introductory ..................................................................13 Pre-Wisconsin drift .......................................................15 BY The Wisconsin drift.......................................................16 CHARLES A. DAVIS The Marlette Moraine ............................................ 16 PUBLISHED BY THE BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AS PART The Mayville Moraine ............................................ 16 OF THE ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1908 The Millington Moraine .......................................... 17 Eskers.................................................................... 17 LANSING, MICHIGAN WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWPORD CO., STATE PRINTERS Kames.................................................................... 18 1909 Lake Basins ........................................................... 18 The Bay City Moraine ............................................ 18 To the Honorable the Board of Geological Survey of the The Saginaw-Port Huron Moraine......................... 19 State of Michigan: CHAPTER IV. SOILS. ....................................................21 GOV. FRED M. WARNER, President. Nature and origin of soils .............................................21 HON. D. M. FERRY, Jr., Vice President. HON. L. L. WRIGHT, Secretary. Soil defined...................................................................21 Soil types......................................................................21 Gentlemen—I beg to present herewith for publication a report prepared by Prof. C. A. Davis on the Geology of Classes found in Tuscola County.................................21 Tuscola county. This continues the work of the Huron Origin of Tuscola soils..................................................21 and Sanilac counties, and connects them with the report Ice-formed deposits......................................................22 on Bay county. Its preparation has been delayed Differences between sand and clay .............................22 somewhat by the preparation of the report on peat, Classification of soils....................................................23 which seemed of more immediate use to a wider circle. Lake beaches ........................................................ 24 Very respectfully, Clay Areas ............................................................. 24 ALFRED C. LANE, Post-glacial soils.................................................... 24 State Geologist. Lake-formed or lacustrine soils ............................. 25 Aeolian or wind-blown soils ................................... 25 Swamp-formed soils.............................................. 26 Contents Soil fertility, porosity and permeability..........................26 Other systems of classification.....................................28 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY....................................... 3 CHAPTER V. PALEOZOIC GEOLOGY.........................28 Geographical position.................................................... 3 Geological Column and Stratigraphy ...........................28 History............................................................................ 3 Valley Center Well ................................................. 29 Former geological work ................................................. 3 Caseville, Huron county, section ........................... 29 Maps.............................................................................. 3 Valley Center, Caseville, Columbiaville, Section The present survey........................................................ 4 near Caro............................................................... 30 Acknowledgments ......................................................... 4 Caseville, Blackmar, Section at Reese ................. 31 CHAPTER II. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. ....................... 4 Caseville-Bay City, Dip of Beds, Fish Point........... 31 Columbiaville-Blackmar, Arbela ............................ 32 Temperature and Precipitation ...................................... 4 Annual Report for 1908 / Report on the Geology of Tuscola County, Michigan – Page 1 of 81 Columbiaville, Bay City, Millington.........................32 Koch's well ...................................................................52 Flint-Blackmar, Dip of Berea..................................32 Tubular wells ................................................................52 Blackmar-Bay City, Dip of Berea Grit ....................32 Artesian or Flowing Wells.............................................53 Marshall sandstone. .................................................... 33 Conditions necessary to produce flowing wells ...........53 Grand rapids group...................................................... 34 Application to Tuscola county ......................................54 Coal measures. Saginaw formation. .......................... 35 Sources of Water Supply in the Lake Plain..................54 Boundary................................................................35 Depth to rock................................................................56 Thickness...............................................................35 Sandstone, Conglomerate .....................................35 Rock wells in Tuscola county.......................................56 Washouts, Drift Filled Channels ............................36 Flowing wells................................................................56 Coal seams.................................................................. 36 Distribution............................................................. 56 Reese Coal? ..........................................................37 Loss of head .......................................................... 56 Unionville Coal? .....................................................37 Flows from drift ...................................................... 57 Salzburg Rider .......................................................37 Flowing wells from the morainal region........................58 Salzburg Coal ........................................................38 General Conditions................................................ 58 Upper Rider............................................................38 Flowing Wells ........................................................ 58 Upper Verne...........................................................38 Arbela Township.................................................... 58 Lower Verne...........................................................38 Fremont and Watertown Townships...................... 58 Middle Rider...........................................................38 Wells Township ..................................................... 59 Saginaw Coal.........................................................38 Flowing wells from the Valley region............................59 Nomenclature .............................................................. 38 Miscellaneous town supplies........................................59 CHAPTER VI. ECONOMIC PRODUCTS. ..................... 39 Wells from the lake-plain region...................................59 Coal ............................................................................. 39 Akron ..................................................................... 59 Fairgrove................................................................ 60 Sandstone ................................................................... 40 Reese .................................................................... 60 Boulders....................................................................... 40 Ridge region.................................................................60 Sand ............................................................................ 41 Gagetown .............................................................. 60 Gravels ........................................................................ 41 Kingston................................................................. 60 Molding sand ..............................................................
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