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Treasury and Federal Reserve Foreign Exchange Operations and the Gold Pool *
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF NEW YORK 47 Treasury and Federal Reserve Foreign Exchange Operations and the Gold Pool * By CHARLES A. COOMBS During the six-month period September 1963 through coordinated action in the London gold market. The mar- February 1964, the volume of foreign exchange operations kets for gold and foreign exchange are closely linked, and conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, as orderly conditions in both are essential for a smooth agent for both the Federal Reserve and for the United functioning of thc world monetary system. The history and States Treasury, expanded still further. Coming against nature of official operations in the London gold market are the background of a sharp improvement in the United described in the second part of this report. States balance of payments, this increase in exchange operations reflected both the ebb and flow of international FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS payments, marked in recent months by sharp swings in SINCEAUGUST 1963 the net dollarposition of foreign countries, and greater use of the available facilities by foreign central banks. Since August 1963, the Federal Reserve swap net- The bulk of the transactions executed for Federal Re- work has been broadened to include a S150 million swap servc account was financed through the network of central arrangement with the Bank of Japan, while the swap facili- bank reciprocal currency agreements, the so-called "swap ties with the central banks of Italy and Germany have network". From the first use of the Federal Reserve swap each been increased from $150 million to $250 million, program in March 1962 through the end of February and those with the Swiss National Bank and the Hank for 1964, total drawings on these swap lines by the Federal International Settlements have both been enlarged from Reserve and other central banks amounted to $1,608 mil- SlOO million to $150 million. -
FINDING HELP PHONE LIST J U L Y 2 0 1 1
Helping Hawai`i Live Life Well FINDING HELP PHONE LIST J u l y 2 0 1 1 Mental Health America of Hawai`i 1124 Fort Street Mall, Suite #205 • Honolulu, Hawai`i 96813 (Wheelchair Accessible/Elevator entrance: 67 So. Pauahi, off Bethel) Ph: (808) 521-1846 • Fax: (808) 533-6995 Mental Health America of Hawai`i - Maui County Branch 95 Mahalani Street, Suite #5 • Wailuku, HI 96793 • (808) 242-6461 E-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.mentalhealth-hi.org Toll-free information switchboard to find any state agency phone number in Honolulu: O`ahu 586-2211 Hawai`i 974-4000 Kaua`i 274-3141 Maui 984-2400 All phone numbers are area code 808 unless otherwise noted. The mission of Mental Health America of Hawai`i (MHA Hawai`i) is to promote mental wellness, prevent mental illnesses and co-occurring disorders, reduce stigma, and improve the overall care, treatment and empowerment of those with mental illnesses – children, adults, elders – and their families. MHA Hawai`i offers the following programs: . Youth Suicide and Bullying Prevention. Hawai`i has double the national rate of teenagers attempting or planning suicide – highest in the country and significantly high rates of middle and high school students who report that bullying is a serious problem at their schools. MHA Hawai`i is reducing teen bullying, depression, and suicide by helping middle and high school youth, parents, teachers, and staff of youth- serving organizations to identify and intervene with bullying and suicide. POWERUp! helps homeless female veterans, and homeless male veterans who have children, to obtain employment in the green job sector. -
Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States
REPORT TO CONGRESS Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS December 2020 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 1 SECTION 1: GLOBAL ECONOMIC AND EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENTS ................................... 12 U.S. ECONOMIC TRENDS .................................................................................................................................... 12 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS IN SELECTED MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS ...................................................... 24 ENHANCED ANALYSIS UNDER THE 2015 ACT ................................................................................................ 48 SECTION 2: INTENSIFIED EVALUATION OF MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS ....................... 63 KEY CRITERIA ..................................................................................................................................................... 63 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................................... 67 GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS IN THE REPORT ............................................................................... 69 This Report reviews developments in international economic and exchange rate policies and is submitted pursuant to the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, 22 U.S.C. § 5305, and Section -
The Fund Agreement in the Courts—VI
The Fund Agreement in the Courts—VI Joseph Gold* HIS INSTALLMENT of the survey of cases involving the Articles T of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund deals with cases in the courts of New York, Austria, and the Netherlands which were concerned with the unenforceability of certain exchange contracts; a case in Oregon, now to be reviewed by the United States Supreme Court, which considers the effect of exchange control on a nonresident heir's right to inherit; and a case in Chile which dealt with the currency in which a claim to compensation for requisition should be discharged. Unenforceability of Certain Exchange Contracts NEW YORK Southwestern Shipping Corporation v. National City Bank of New York1 has now been decided by the Appellate Division2 and the Court of Appeals in New York,3 and an application for review by the United States Supreme Court has been refused.4 Southwestern Shipping Corpo- ration, a New York corporation, was an export brokerage firm which acted as purchasing agent for Italian importers, of which the Garmoja firm was one. In September 1951, Garmoja placed an order with South- western for 300 tons of fatty acid at a price of $37,222. At that time, Italian foreign exchange control laws required an importer to have a license to pay dollars for such an import, but Garmoja had never obtained a license. In order to make dollars available to Southwestern to pay for the fatty acid, Garmoja entered into a contract with Corti, another Italian firm, which had obtained a license to pay dollars to an American named Anlyan for rags to be imported into Italy from the United States. -
Chapter 131. FOREIGN BRANCHES, AGENCIES and REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES
MRS Title 9-B, Chapter 131. FOREIGN BRANCHES, AGENCIES AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES CHAPTER 131 FOREIGN BRANCHES, AGENCIES AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES §1311. Definitions As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise indicates, the following terms have the following meanings. [PL 1997, c. 182, Pt. B, §3 (NEW).] 1. Agency. "Agency" means any office or any place of business of a foreign bank located in any state of the United States at which credit balances are maintained incidental to or arising out of the exercise of banking powers, checks are paid, or money is lent, but at which deposits may not be accepted from persons who are citizens or residents of the United States. [PL 1997, c. 182, Pt. B, §3 (NEW).] 2. Branch. "Branch" means any office or any place of business of a foreign bank located in any state of the United States at which deposits are received. [PL 1997, c. 182, Pt. B, §3 (NEW).] 3. Federal agency. "Federal agency" means an agency of a foreign bank established and operating pursuant to Section 4 of the federal International Banking Act of 1978. [PL 1997, c. 182, Pt. B, §3 (NEW).] 4. Federal branch. "Federal branch" means a branch of a foreign bank established and operating pursuant to Section 4 of the federal International Banking Act of 1978. [PL 1997, c. 182, Pt. B, §3 (NEW).] 5. Maine agency. "Maine agency" means an agency of a foreign bank located in this State and established and operating pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. [PL 1997, c. 182, Pt. B, §3 (NEW).] 6. -
The Price of Gold
ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE No. 15, July 1952 THE PRICE OF GOLD MIROSLAV A. KRIZ INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION 1.DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY Princeton, New1 Jersey This is the fifteenth in the series ESSAYS IN INTER- NATIONAL FINANCE published by the International Finance Section of the Department of Economics and Social Institutions in Princeton University. It is the second in the series written by the present author, the first one, "Postwar International Lending," having been published in the spring of 1947 and long since out of print. The author, Miroslav A. Kriz, is on the staff of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. From 1936 to 1945 he was a member of the Economic and Fi- nancial Department of the League of Nations. While the Section sponsors the essays in this series, it takes no further responsibility for the opinions therein expressed. The writers are free to develop their topics as they, will and their ideas may or may not be shared by the .editorial committee of the Sec- tion or the members of the Department. Nor do the views _the writer expresses purport to reflect those of the institution with which he is associated. The Section welcomes the submission of manu- scripts for this series and will assume responsibility for a careful reading of them and for returning to the authors those found unacceptable for publication. GARDNER PATTERSON, Director International Finance Section THE PRICE OF GOLD MIROSLAV A: KRIZ Federal Reserve Bank of New Y orki I. INTRODUCTION . OLD in the world today has many facets. -
Australia, the Southwest Pacific, and United States Interests
Order Code RL32187 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Australia, the Southwest Pacific, and United States Interests January 7, 2004 name redacted and name redacted Analysts in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Australia, the Southwest Pacific, and United States Interests Summary The major U.S. interests in the Southwest Pacific are preventing the rise of terrorist threats, working with and maintaining the region’s U.S. territories, commonwealths, and military bases (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Reagan Missile Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands), and enhancing U.S.-Australian cooperation in pursuing mutual political, economic, and strategic objectives in the area. The United States and Australia share common interests in countering transnational crime and preventing the infiltration of terrorist organizations in the Southwest Pacific, hedging against the growing influence of China, and promoting political stability and economic development. The United States has supported Australia’s increasingly proactive stance and troop deployment in Pacific Island nations torn by political and civil strife such as East Timor, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. Australia may play a greater strategic role in the region as the United States seeks to redeploy its Asia-Pacific force structure. This report will be updated as needed. Contents U.S. Interests in the Southwest Pacific .................................1 The Evolving U.S.-Australian Strategic Relationship......................2 Australia’s Role in the Region........................................5 China’s Growing Regional Influence...................................6 List of Figures Figure 1. Map of the Southwest Pacific ................................7 Australia, the Southwest Pacific, and United States Interests U.S. -
Country and City Codes
We hope this information will be useful to you in your travels! The information is believed to be reliable and up to date as of the time of publication. However, no warranties are made as to its reliability or accuracy. Check with Full Service Network Customer Service or your operator for official information before you travel. Country and City Codes Afghanistan country code: 93 Albania country code: 355 city codes: Durres 52, Elbassan 545, Korce 824, Shkoder 224 Algeria country code: 213 city codes: Adrar 7, Ain Defla 3, Bejaia 5, Guerrar 9 American Samoa country code: 684 city codes: City codes not required. All points 7 digits. Andorra country code: 376 city codes: City codes not required. All points 6 digits. Angola country code: 244 Anguilla country code: 264 Antarctica Casey Base country code: 672 Antarctica Scott Base country code: 672 Antigua (including Barbuda) country code: 268 city codes: City codes not required. * Footnote: You should not dial the 011 prefix when calling this country from North America. Use the country code just like an Area Code in the U.S. Argentina country code: 54 city codes: Azul 281, Bahia Blanca 91, Buenos Aires 11, Chilvilcoy 341, Comodoro Rivadavia 967, Cordoba 51, Corrientes 783, La Plata 21, Las Flores 224, Mar Del Plata 23, Mendoza 61, Merio 220, Moreno 228, Posadas 752, Resistencia 722, Rio Cuarto 586, Rosario 41, San Juan 64, San Rafael 627, Santa Fe 42, Tandil 293, Villa Maria 531 Armenia country code: 374 city codes: City codes not required. Aruba country code: 297 city codes: All points 8 plus 5 digits The Ascension Islands country code: 247 city codes: City codes not required. -
Abraham Lincoln and the Five Dollar Note Lesson
ABRAHAM LINCOLN and the FIVE-DOLLAR NOTE Lesson Plan LESSON DESCRIPTION In this lesson, students participate in a puzzle activity to identify leadership character- istics that Abraham Lincoln possessed. They review the changes in the redesigned $5 note and consider how Lincoln’s leadership characteristics contribute to the fact that he is pictured on the $5 note. Students look at a timeline of Lincoln’s life and identify significant events in his road to the White House. They play a game to review content learned in the lesson. GRADE LEVEL 5-8 CONCEPTS Characteristics of money Coins Counterfeit Currency Money Timeline OBJECTIVES Students will: ■■ Describe leadership characteristics possessed by Abraham Lincoln. ■■ Describe the characteristics of money. ■■ Explain why Lincoln is featured on the $5 note. ■■ Identify important events in Lincoln’s road to the White House. ■■ Identify features of the redesigned $5 note. Permission is granted to reprint or photocopy this lesson in its entirety for educational purposes, provided the user credits the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. www.stlouisfed.org/education 1 EE0805 02/16 Rev. 12-16 ABRAHAM LINCOLN and the FIVE-DOLLAR NOTE Lesson Plan CONTENT STANDARDS National Standards in History Historical Thinking Standards for Grades 5-12: ■■ Standard 1: Chronological Thinking • E. Interpret data presented in timelines and create timelines. National Standards in Economics ■■ Standard 11: Money makes it easier to trade, borrow, save, invest, and compare the value of goods and services. • Benchmarks 1, Grade 8: Money is anything widely accepted as final pay- ment for goods and services. • Benchmark 5, Grade 8: Most countries create their own currency for use as money. -
A Bill for an Act
THE SENATE 3082 TWENTY-NINTH LEGISLATURE, 2018 S.D. 1 STATE OF HAWAII • H.D. 1 A BILL FOR AN ACT RELATING TO VIRTUAL CURRENCY. BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII: 1 PARTI 2 SECTION 1. The Hawaii Revised Statutes is amended by 3 adding a new chapter to be appropriately designated and to read 4 as follows: 5 “CHAPTER 6 UNIFORM REGULATION OF VIRTUAL CURRENCY BUSINESSES ACT 7 PART I. GENERAL PROVISIONS 8 § -l Short title. This chapter shall be known and cited 9 as the Uniform Regulation of Virtual Currency Businesses Act. 10 § -2 Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the 11 context otherwise requires: 12 “Applicant~ means a person that applies for a license under 13 this chapter. 14 11Bank~ means a federally chartered or state chartered 15 depository institution or holder of a charter granted by the 16 Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to a person engaged in SB3082 HD1 HMS 2018-2975 S.B NO. ~ 1 the business of banking other than accepting deposits. “Bank” 2 does not include: 3 (1) Ax~i industrial loan company, state chartered trust 4 company, or a limited purpose trust company, unless 5 the division has authorized the company to engage in 6 virtual currency business activity; or 7 (2) A trust company or limited purpose trust company 8 chartered by a state with which this State does not 9 have a reciprocity agreement governing trust company 10 activities. 11 “Control” means: 12 (1) When used in reference to a transaction or 13 relationship involving virtual currency, power to 14 execute unilaterally or prevent indefinitely a virtual 15 currency transaction; and 16 (2) When used in reference to a person, the direct or 17 indirect power to direct the management, operations, 18 or policies of the person through legal or beneficial 19 ownership of voting power in the person or under a 20 contract, arrangement, or understanding. -
Money Unit: Lesson.4
Money Unit: Lesson.4 Objectives Learners will be able to… Materials Life skill/Literacy: Read a short informational paragraph Make Student Copies and answer questions Handout: Say the Amount Listening/speaking: Pronounce dollar amounts intelligibly; Handout: The Meaning of the Dollar Bill pronounce the /n/ sound in isolation and context. Handout: Reading Test Practice Make Single Copies or Reference Volunteer Manual, 2012: Letter/Sound Drill, p. 113 Lesson Plan Review: Listening/Speaking (40mins) Description: Ss will practice writing and saying different dollar amounts. Materials/Prep: copies of Say the Amount. Activity 1: Life Skill/Literacy (30-40mins) Description: Ss will read a short informational paragraph and answer questions. Materials/Prep: copies of The Meaning of the Dollar Bill. Activity 2: Listening/Speaking (20-30mins) Description: Ss will practice the /n/ sound in isolation and context Materials/Prep: reference Volunteer Manual, 2012: Letter/Sound Drill, p. 113; The Meaning of the Dollar Bill. Activity 3: Optional Review Test Description: Ss can take an optional Reading Test. Materials/Prep: copies of Reading Test Practice. Minnesota Literacy Council, 2012 34 Money Unit Teacher Directions: Review: Listening/Speaking Materials: Say the Amount Step 1: Setting the Context Write this price on the board: $2.30. Ask your Ss how they say this price two dollars and thirty cents OR two thirty. If your Ss don’t come up with both of these answers on their own, supply them. Then ask them which one native English speakers use most often (two thirty). Step 2: Writing Dollar Amounts Pass out the Say the Amount handout and have your Ss work on it independently. -
Coordination and Human Resource Planning in the Hawaii Visitor Industry
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 059 439 AC 012 300 TITLE Coordination and Human Resource Planning in the Hawaii Visitor Industry. INSTITUTION Hawaii State Commission on Manpower and Full Employment, Honolulu. PUB DATE Jan 72 NOTE 138p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS Annual Reports; Business; *Codification; Community Involvement; Data Analysis; *Human Resources; *Interagency Coordination; Interviews; Labor Unions; Manpower Development; *Planning Commissions; Problem Solving; State Government; *Tourism IDENTIFIERS *Hawaii Visitors Bureau ABSTRACT This report was undertaken in response to a request by the Sixth Legislature, which expressed its concern with the lack of coordination n d overall human resource planning in the visitor industry and that the findings of the January 6-7 1970 Travel Industry Congress had not been fully implemented. The State Commission on Manpower and Full Employment was requested to use its staff to initiate codification of all government activity in this field and to engage in the necessary coordination and report back in its next annual report to the Legislature. In order to benefit from the expertise of the community at large, the Commission held many meetings, both formal and informal, with representatives of business, labor, government, and conducted a number of individual interviews. A former president of the Hawaii Visitors Bureau provided material on the dimensions of the problem, the Hawaii Visitors Bureau, and the problems with the data. (Author/CK) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCEO EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG- INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NEdESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION OR POLICY.