ewfoundland
E.!>l. 1901 Ouarterly 6hl Year 0jJt'1llrU,f. neu• doorWtl)'·' nf knowlt·d~e about .Ynl•foull(l/and,
On July 8th, 1892, St. John's was swept by a devastating fi.re destroying 1700 buildings and leaving 11,000 homeless, with a property loss amounting to $13,000,000. Note the schooners hauled out in the stream to avoid the fire which swept the waterfront. ~rmnrial l!tniurrsity Of Newfnunlllanil
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND
Four-year courses leading to degrees:
BACHELOR OF ARTS- PASS and Honours BACHELOR OF ARTS (Education) BACHELOR OF SCIENCE- Pass and Honours BACHELOR OF COMMERCE- PASS and Honours
Five-year course leading to degrees:
BACHELOR OF ARTS or SCIENCE and BACHELOR OF EDUCATION
Graduate work leading to
MASTER'S DEGREE IN ARTS AND SCIENCE Three-year diploma course in Engineering Three-year courses in Pre-Medicine, Pre-Dental Two-year courses in Pre-Law and Pre-Forestry
Two-year certificate course in Physical Education Extension Service - Credit and non-credit courses.
Scholarships available for second, third and fourth years on the basis of academic attainments.
For information apply to the REGISTRAR. THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY
HART SHOES like all other quality goods from the ROY A.L STORES LTO. are UNCONDJTIONALL Y "Until fhey were six years old we gave them one teaspoonful of Brick's before each meal and lust Guaranteed. before bedtime. Since then we have Increased the dosage to one tablespoonful. "Of course we saw that they had proper food, rest and recreation. But we give full credit to Brick's Tasteless combination of Extract of Cod Livers, Malt, Iron and Ciilclum for relieving the loss of appetite and consequent m•lnutritlon, following colds during the critical growing years.•• So we sey: "Bring up your babies with Bricks I" ROYAL Trade Supplied by STORES LTD. " Your House for Value"
CORNER BROOK Water St. Dial 84111 THE NE~UNDLAND QUARTERLY The Newfoundland Quarterly lssued every third month March, June, September, and December. L. W. Janes ...... Editor and Publisher P. 0 . Box 58'74, St. John's, Newfoundland To whom all communications should be addressed. T elephone 92185 The Last Capture of St. John's, 1762 Robert Saunders, J.D., Ph.D...... Contributing Editor - Addison Bown ...... The St. John's Fire of 1892 .. Honourary Degrees received by Local Personalities
SUBSCRIPTION aATES Stand Fast for Newfoundland - Dr. R. Saunders, J.D· ...... 14 V One year in advance (Canada) ...... $1.00 The Career of Cadet George Williams ...... 17 y Foreign subscription ...... $1.25 Daring Escape from Signal Hill Prison If paying by cheque please add 15c:. - Alex A. Parsons, J.P...... 19 Y
To ensure return of lOSS, please encloee self addressed envelope The Greenspond Saga with sufficient postage. The publisher will not be responsible - Dr. R. Saunders, J.D. and Ralph Wright ...... 21 for loss of any mss., drawings or photographs, but will exercise care in handhng material submitted for publication. Early History of Harbour Grace - Mrs. May Davis ...... 25 Advertising rates on application Know Your Law Makers ...... 29- 30 Authorized aa Second Class Mail, We Have Rece ived- Book Review ...... 31 Post Office Dept.. Ottawa, 195!1. All rights to contents of this magazine reserved. Favourites Old and New ...... 33 Holiday Reminiscences- Mrs. Alex Marshall . .35 .../ Authorized as second class m ail by Dhe Post Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment of postage in cash Views from the Crow's Nest- Larboard Watch .37 AFE Ltd. Electronics Department DESIGN, ENGINEERING, INSTALLATION AND MAIN11ENANCE FOR EVERY TYPE OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Film Production Department - Producing - EDUCATIONAL PROMOTIONAL DOCUMENTARY FILMS
Audio-Visual and Optical SOHOOL, COL IJEGE and UNIVERSITY TEACHING AIDS & INSTRUMENT'S
16mm RENTAL FILM LIBRARY AND PROJECTION EQUIPMENT
Call 83071-2-3 for FREE Consulting Service Atlantic Films & Electronics Limited THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY Opening new doorways of knowledg.e about Newfoundland
VOL. LXI Canada $1.00 Per Year
No. 2 Foreign $1.25 Per Year ST. JOHN'S,--- NFLD., SUMMER, 1962
A JUN'E ANNIVERSARY-200 YEARS AGO
The Last Capture ol St. John ~s - 1762 By ADDISON BOWN HE visit to St. John's in April of the French sloop the Dutch in the reign of Charles II. Admiral de TCommandant Bourdais brought a reminder that the Ruyter, finding the entrance unguarded, sailed in and Newfoundland capital was captured by the French for destroyed the settlement but declared that "he would the last time just 200 years ago this year. never have dared to venture in if six guns had been The Commandant Bourdais was on her way to mounted to defend it." take up patrol duties with the French fishing fleet on In the Spring of 1762 during the Seven Years' the Grand Banks. As she passed through the Narrows War (1756-1763) a French squadron of four sail-of-the into the harbour she fired a salvo of 21 guns and re line, the Robuste, L'Eveille, La Garonne and La Sicorne, ce ived in return a 21-gun salute from the Royal New under the command of Admiral de Ternay, slipped foundland Regiment manning the Queen's Battery on out of Brest in a thick fog. Eluding the British fleet Sig nal Hill. (It had been constructed in 1709 and standing guard over that naval base, it sailed across named for Queen Anne.) the Atlantic and on June 24 entered the harbour of St. John's was captured three times by the French [)ay Bulls, 18 miles south of St. John's. There a force -in 1696, 1708 and 1762. On each occasion the port of 32 officers and 700 men under the command of was taken from the land side, never by sea. The only Comte d'Haussonville was landed to march overland occasi on that an enemy fleet penetrated the narrow to the capital. passage was on June 6, 1667, during the war with (Continued on Page 4)
NEW DELUXE BLEND GOOD LUCK IS HERE
Wait till you taste Made from the purest New Good Luck vegetable oils
It's THE FRESHEST Margarine on· the Island! It's true! New Good Luck is the only Margarine that's made fresh every day right here in Newfoundland . .. and it's sealed in an airtight foil wrap to protect its freshness ... keeps flavour in ... keeps stray odours out. Made Fresh Daily Right Here in Newfoundland 4 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY
THE LAST CAPTURE OF ST. JOHN'S (Continued) George belonging to the province of Massachusetts Commanding the Northumberland was the immortai It fell an easy prey to their attack. St. John's had navigator, Captain James Cook, who in the following been left with only 63 soldiers to defend it, and the year was to begin a four-year coastal survey of New forts were in a state of decay. A single sloop-of-war, foundland which produced the most accurate map of the Grammont of 22 guns, was in the harbour at the the Island up to that time. time and she was obliged to surrender. After the cap One mile north of the Narrows lies the little fishing ture of the port, the French squadron was brought village of Quidi Vidi with its small land-locked harbour around from Bay Bulls. The French remained in pos connected with the sea by a narrow opening, or "gut." session of the capital for the next three months during The French, in addition to strongly fortifying the Nar which they repaired the ruined fortifications and erect rows, had effectively blocked the entrance to Quidi ed fresh defences on Signal Hill to repel the inevitable Vidi by sinking fishing boats in the channel. It was attack. decided therefore to land the troops at Torbay, nine miles north of the capital, and march overland to at The governor of the colony, Capt. Thos. Graves, tack the town. R.N., was at sea engaged in convoy duty on the The ten transports carrying the soldiers were escort Grand Banks when he received word of the capture ed to the open anchorage at Torbay by H.M.S. Syren of St. John'.s. He immediately sent the news to Halifax while Lord Colville with the other ships continued his and took steps to protect the southern part of the Is blockade of St. John's. After a stormy night the land land from capture. Marines were landed at Ferryland ing began on the morning of Sept. 13th. Their move and he himself proceeded to Placentia, the old French ments had been followed by the French who sought capital, which he placed in a state of defence. The to prevent the disembarkation by firing on the boats French meanwhile overran and captured the settle but withdrew when the first battalion reached shore. ments in Conception and Trinity Bays north of St. After the march began skirmishing parties of the en John's. emy were encountered in the woods as the English Halifax was thrown into a state of alarm by the advanced but were easily beaten off. news of the capture of St. John's. An attack from the Before nightfall the leading troops had reached the French squadron was anticipated and vigorous mea east end of Quidi Vidi lake and taken possession of sures were taken for the defence of the town. A boom the river flowing into the sea. At that point the was stretched across the North-West harbour and French made a stand and in the late evening volleys warships were anchored in mid-channel. of musketry were exchanged across the ravine as The commander-in-chief of the British forces in they exerted every effort to prevent the redcoats from North America at that time was Barron Jeffrey Am crossing. The French, however, were in the minority herst, whose headquarters were at Halifax. He was a as their commander was unable to spare his full remarkable man who had risen from the humble posi force from the defence of the forts. They also had the tion of a page to the Duke of Dorset to attain the rank advantage of being on lower ground so that the strong of field marshal and governor-general of the North fire of the British regiments on the opposite slope American colonies after the fall of Montreal. The poured down into their ranks. After a brisk exchange Admiral in charge of the North Atlantic fleet, also with the French finally retreated at nightfall to Signal Hill headquarters in Halifax, was Alexander Lord Colville. leaving Amherst victor at Quidi Vidi without the loss While Lord Colville set sail with five ships to block of a man. ade St. John's, Baron Amherst despatched a letter to On the following day the Gut was opened by rais his brother, Lieutenant~Colonel William Amherst, at ing the sunken craft. This permitted the entry of fish New York asking him to command the expedition to ing boats bringing supplies from Torbay which were recover the Newfoundland capital. He too was a dis landed at Quidi Vidi for the army. tinguished soldier who had taken part in the capture The most difficult part of the enterprise still lay of Louisburg and Quebec. He left for Halifax toward ahead. Open country remained to be crossed, the the end of August, bringing with him part of the Royal whole ground being commanded by the French from American Regiment (afterwards the 60th Rifles) which their eyries on the summit of Signal Hill and the was composed mainly of Swiss and German troops. neighbouring height of Sugar Loaf. With a discernment From Halifax he proceeded to Louisburg where the fol born of long military experience, Col. Amherst saw lowing troops were embarked during the first week that his greatest chance of sue<:ess lay in a surprise of September:---Companies of the Royals, later the night attack rather than in a costly frontal assault by Royal Scots Lothian Regiment; the 43rd Fraser High day. landers, the 77th Montgomery Highlanders and the Shortly before dawn on September 15th the light 22nd and 45th Regiments of Foot, comprising a total infantry stole out from the British lines· No watchful force of about 700 men. No better troops could have "Qui vive?" from the French sentries broke the silence been chosen for the task ahead than the hardy High in that darkest hour before daylight. Through the landers, who were among the finest fighters in the sentinels the English soldiers made their way unno British service. They would find themselves thorough ticed, and the f irst intimation of their presence that ly at home in the rugged country around St. John's the enemy received was when Captain McDannel and where the last battle to decide the future ownership of his men were discovered climbing the rocks at the very Newfoundland was to be fought. summit of Signal Hill. Too late the French soldiery, The transports carrying the troops sailed from Louis confused by their unexpected appearance, sprang to burg on Sept. 6th and arrived off St. John's on the arms to repel the attack. Startled shouts and scattered 11th. There they found His Majesty's ships Northum shots rang out, shattering the stillness. Crimson fla~~~ berland, Antelope, Gosport and Syren, with the King tore across the dark curtain of the night as the BntiS THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 5
,ntantry withstood a volley and then poured a wither That night under cover of a thick fog the French ing fire that compelled the French to give way. The squadron of four sail slipped out of the harbour, elud gal lant Capt. McDonnell fell, seriously wounded, in ed Lord Colville's fleet and escaped to France, leaving the moment of victory. Lieut. Schuyler of the Royal the garrison to its fate. In spite of that defection, A mericans was killed and Capt. Baillie of the Royals Count d ' Haussonville attempted to temporize but to all an d Capt. McKenzie of Montgomery's were wounded. his evasions Amherst returned this relentless reply Eleven of the rank and file were killed and 32 wound on September 18th:- ed. On the French side a captain of grenadiers was " His Brittanick Majesty's fleet and army co-operating wo:.mded , his lieutenant killed, many of the rank and here will give no other terms to the garrison of St. f ile killed or wounded and 13 taken prisoners. The John's than their surrendering prisoners of war. I others fled pell mell down Signal Hill to the shelter don't thirst after the blood of the garrison but you of the f o rt below. must determine quickly or expect the consequences, The victorious assault placed Amherst in possession for this is my final determination." of a commanding site from which he could turn the Disheartened at last by the situation, deserted by guns that previously protected the Narrows on Fort the fleet and over-powered by the mortar fire poured William and the other defences around the harbour. down on his position from the battery which Amherst Next day Colonel Amherst sent the following ulti had erected on Signal Hill, the Count had no option matum to the officer commanding the French garrison: but to surrender. The final act of that dramatic chapter Camp Before St. John's, in the history of St. John's was recorded on September Sept. 16, 1762. 20th with the capitulation of the French invaders on Sir, the following terms:- Humanity directs me to acquaint you of my firm in 1. The French troops to surrender prisoners of war. tentions. I know the miserable state your garrison is 2. The officers and subalterns to keep their arms left in and am fully informed of your design of blow to preserve good order among the troops. ing up the fort on quitting it; but have a care, as I have 3 . Good ships to be granted to carry officers, gren ta ken measures effectively to cut off your retreat, and adiers and private men, either wounded or not, to so sure as a match is put to the train, every man of the France in the space of one month and land them on the ga rrison shall be put to the sword. I must have im coast of Brittany. mediate possession of the fort in the state it now is, or Another condition made by the French was that "the expect the consequences. goods and effects of both the officers and men shall be I give you half an hour to think of it. preserved." To that stipulation, Amherst returned the I have the honour to be, Sir, curt retort:- "His Brittanick Majesty's troops never Your most obedient, humble servant, pillage." (Sgd.) WM. AMHERST. (Continued on Page 1 0)
11?,,.,,11, --.1..1., Presenting The New JAIUA/.LXU. BEAVER Oil Range
BUILT ESPECIALLY FOR AREAS WHERE THERE IS NO ELECTRICITY - ALSO AVAILABLE WITH ELECTRIC BLOWER UNIT.
• Top Performance • Economical • Convenience • Style-Beauty
Where initial cost is a factor and yet the last word in performance and appearance is desired. You will find the FAWCETT BEAV'ER in a class by it self. The BEA.VER brings the finest cookery ser vice possible into kitchens.
WRITE ... WIRE ... OR PHONE COLLECT JOHN CLOUSTON LIMITED 172 Duckworth St. P. 0. Box E-5166 ONE LOCATION ONLY DIAL 85081 6 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY STAN FOWLER INSURANCE AGENCIES- C.O.T.C. BLDG. REPRESENTING THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES: • AMERICAN NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE CO ., NEW YORK • HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE CO. • HARTFORD ACCIDENT AND INDEMNITY CO. • THE LONDON AND PROVINCIAL UNDERWRITERS AGENCY OF THE YORKSHIRE INSURANCE CO. LTD. • NIAGARA (DETROIT) FIRE INSURANCE CO. 130 WATER ST. P. 0. BOX 'E-5342 DIAL 85531 RES. 80330
MacCORMAC'S DRY CLEANING, LTD.
THE MOST DEPENDABLE DRY CLEANING SERVICE IN NEWFOUNDLAND GEAR STREET DIAL 85181-85182-85183 REC"EIVING OFFICE- 1 ADELAIDE ST. P. 0. BOX 995
W. H. EWING & SON Established 1896
FOR SKINS AND GRENFELL HANDICRAFTS
Showroom - 199 Water St. Factory - 53 Pleasant St.
DIAL 82689 DIAL 86237
BIDGOOD'S WHOLESALE LTD. GOULDS, ST. JOHN'S WEST
WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTORS GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS SOUTHERN SHORE --- PL ACENTIA - -- BONA.VISTA PRODUCERS OF "BIDGOODS" QUALITY SALT FISH and SMOKED FISH PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGHOUT NEWFOUNDLAND
M AIN OFFICE AND W AREHOU.SE GOU LDS, ST. JOHN'S WEST -- Dial 94184, 94185 FISH PROCESSING PLANT SELF SERVICE GROCETERIAS Petty Harbour Goulds and Petty Hr. A CITY DESPOILED OF BEAUTY DESOLATION AND WOE JULY 8th, A DAY TO REMEMBER The St. John's Fire ot 1892
VER memorable in the annals of St. John's will be hottest days of the summer, the thermometer regis Ethe 8th day of July 1892. For generations to come tering 8r, in the shade at 1 p.m. Although the ther the great fire of this year will form a subject for conver mometer ranged so high, an unusually strong breeze sation, a period to date from, in the same manner as of w ind prevailed all day, decking the harbour with for the past 116 years the great fire of the 9th of "white caps" and the dust flew about in blinding Ju ne 1846 has been. Exactly forty-six years and one showers. About five o'clock the Central fire bell rang month had passed away since the great fire of 1846, o.Jt an alarm, which was quickly responded to by the an d the inhabitants of St. John's had come to look firemen, who preceeded to the scene of the conflagra upon the fire demon as one that would never again L on at the junction of Freshwater and Pennywell destroy any great portion of our city. We felt secure Roads. By the careless handling of a match the stable in the great water power we had, and the almost un of Mr. T. Brien had caught fire, and there is not the limited quantity which was stored in the natural reser least doubt that it might have been easily extinguish voi r at Windsor Lake. In fact, such was our faith in ed in its incipient stage, but that not a bucketful of t!le p ower of the fire department, and in the supply of water could be had, for the water-pipes had been un water, that when a fire occurred, even at night, but dergoing repairs that day, and although the water few people ever troubled to arise from their beds to is said to have been turned on at 3 p .m., the water at ascertain its whereabouts. 5 had not reached the higher levels of the town, and Such was the feeling of security, that when the the reservoir, close to the scene of the outbreak, was bells rang the double alarm on Friday, the 8th July, found to be empty, having been pumped out by the bJt few people paid any attention to it. The weather fire brigade at a practise about one month previously. had been extremely hot for some weeks before; so With no water to check the devouring element, and a much so, thc;~t the grass had withered on the high stEb!e full of hay to feed, and a gale of wind to fan lands, and vegetables were being dried up. Forest the flames, the fire spread with incredible rapidity, f ire~ prevailed in the surrounding country, and for leaping from house to house. It was speedily seen days the air had been laden with the smoke and heat that the fire was going to assume large proportions, of burning bush and most. Friday was one of the (Continued on Page 8) 8 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY
THE ST. JOHN'S FIRE OF 1892 (Continued) and a call was made for extra aid, which brought many GROCERS! to~~sfolk to the spot, but although there were many w1ll1ng hands, there was no water. This fact Se€med to_ paralyse th~ ~iremen, and the leaping flames flying For all your GROCERY and with such rapidity from house to house, passing over an occasional one, demonstrated the fact that no hu PROVISION needs write to man effort could stay their onward rush. Whilst one stream of fire rapidly descended Carter's Hill, another swiftly destroyed the buildings on the south side of Harvey Street, and those on Long's Hill, taking in its course the magnificent Methodist College Hall, School T & M WINTER and Home; the Masonic Temple, a comparatively ne....; building, and one that was justly looked upon with great pride by the Masonic fraternity. The destruction LIMITED of Presbyterian Manse and building near by followed. People began to realize that the fire was going to be one of huge proportions; household goods were Duckworth Street St. John's hastily packed and taken to places which were thought to be safe, such as the Church of England Cathedral, Gower Street Methodist Church, and the St. Patrick's Hall· Soon flying pieces of shingle and light wood were scattered over the city, and in less than two hours fires had started in several places. Scotland Row, on NIGHT or HOLIDAYS PHONE 82838 or 83446 Ch:.~rch Hill, was on fire before the .Masonic Temple had caught, and a building inside of Chain Rock was burnt down before the fire reached Water Street. The GEO. SUMMERS Court House and W. Campbell's supply store caught simultaneously, and before Gower Street Church was & SONS on fire. Standing near the Synod Hall one could see a mass of flames rushing down Long's Hill and across WATER STREET EAST the road the Fire Hall, licking up the brick buildings in front of Victoria Hall as though they were chips. A few firemen, with a shore hose, through which feebly GENERAL TRUCKING filtered a small stream of water, endeavoured to put out a spark of fire which fell on the building north of We are equipped to handle all kinds of Mr. Mariott's house; presently it was seen that the Clergy House adjoining Bishop Jone's residence was Heavy Machinery on fire, and then the roof of the Synod Hall caught. A ladder and some water would have saved these buildings, but there was none at hand, and the chief AT YOUR SERVICE AT ANY TIME of the Municipal Council stood and gazed in a help less manner at the empty hose and the burning build ings. The fire had now reached that noble edifice the Church of England Cathedral, a work of art, of Gothic "MARK EVERY PLOT" design, by Sir Gilbert Scott. Although not quite com WITH plete, it was the pride of the city. It had been erected c)ko'ff,/ 1 at a cost of about $500,000, the transepts and chancel MARBLE having been lately added to the nave, which later had COuit//e.r.r been built forty years previously. Alas, it now lies a THE SACRED magnificent ruin. With the onward sweep of the fire, £..neralton.r MEMORY the heat and the wind increased. Sweeping down over Gower and Duckworth Street, the brick and stone STONE buildings, warehouses, stores, halls, public buildings, and houses on Water Street fell before the flames a~ Carved speedily as did the wooden buildings higher up· The Union Bank had a narrow escape due no doubt to the .amo and lettered fact that it was protacted in the front by the large by poplar trees standing in the Cathedral grounds. By 8 o'clock the fire had reached Water Street, and Messrs. Harvey and Co's premises, Campbell's, Job Bros. and Co's, were on fire in the east, and the Court Skinner's Monumental Works House to the west of Market House Hill. People on the THE MASTER CRAFTSMEN upper levels were fast hurrying away with their house Write for Photos. State requirements P. 0. BOX 442 ST. JOHN'S, NFLD. hold goods, those who could employing teams a~d paying exorbitant prices for their hire. Many deposit- THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 9 ed their belongings in the streets, only to be consumed by the relentless flames or stolen from them. As the night advanced, the fire swept on from Long's Hill west down over Playhouse Hill to Beck's Cove, where a vigorous stand was made, which was effectual in stopping its progress west. On Playhouse Hill, near Bates Street, a vigorous effort was made by some noble workers, who formed a fire break by tearing down Dougherty's Forge, thus saving the upper part of the town. The fire, which had taken possession of the buildi ngs on Garrison Hill, was communicated to the St. Patrick's Hall, and notwithstanding the great efforts made by the Christian Brothers and others to save this fine building, it was soon one mass of fla mes. It was then feared that the fire would spread to the Convent and buildings on Military Road, and a stand was made to save the houses on the north side of Queen's Road. All on the south side were in flames, for but the stone chapel belonging to the Congregation alists stood intact. It was here that great want of tact was displayed by those in charge of the fire depart me nt. A hose which was engaged in playing on some wooden buildings further to the eastward, and which cou ld not possibly do any service at the time, should family have been employed in wetting the side of the Con gregational Church. Had such been done, this build ing, the one opposite, and in all probability the house of Mr. Greene and of Maxse Terrace, would have been saved. The fire which had swept down Gower, fun. Duc kworth and Water Streets, crept slowly up Pres cott Street, and at the top of King's Road a great effort was made to save the Eastern Fire Hall which was successful. Had this taken fire all the buildings on Mi litary Road would have been destroyed. Another da nger menaced Military Road in the presence of a sta ble to the south-east of the Drill Shed, which could not be reached by the hose. On this building for over ha lf-an-hour three of the members of the force worked rig ht valliantly, being supplied with water by a body of citizens, who vied with each other in carrying buc kets. It was here that Constable Manning fell, injuring hi mself somewhat. Owing to the exertions of these policemen and citizens, the Military Road buildings, the Methodist School on Carew Street, and the Church of En gland Academy Buildings were saved. The fire had now reached Cochrane Street, and it was hoped that the upper portion of this fine street might be saved. A few lengths of hose were obtained, but not sufficient to reach the burning houses, and th e water supply was not what it ought to have been. Several attempts were made to pull down buildings, but as they were supplied with very staunch chim neys, the efforts proved futile until the fire had reach ed next door to the Han. G. T. Rendell's residence. The house to southward was partially torn down whilst on fi re, saving Mr. Rendell's, the only house now standing on the east side of Cochrane Street. About two o'clock, the fire had reached the build ings west of Devon Row. The waterside premises, stores, warehouses, wharves, etc., from BoV:.ring's to Murray's were a mass of ruins. Pitts Tobacco and Soap Factory was in flames, and it was feared that Devon Row would go, but a vigorous effort on the part of its residents saved it, and the destroying element swept past, consuming the stores of Han. A. M. McKay, The Tannery, Messrs· John Woods & Son's premises, (Continued on Page 10) lO THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY
THE ST. JOHN'S FIRE OF 1892 (Continued) the strongest nerves. When morning broke the t . clouds of smoke still ascended from the burning Harvey's Tobacco Factory and Bakery, the Coastal Com ~lck and it was hours before it had cleared pany's Wharf and Stores, a portion of Hayles Town, sufficien~IUins, admit a view of the track or the desolating scourg/ to including the Convent School and the buildings on Signal Hill, including the Bavarian Brewery, Lindberg's, A walk through the deserted streets demonst · that the ruin was even more complete than s rated W. Canning's, and the American Consul's residences. possible at first. Of the whole easterly section sceemeld The preservation of that part of Hayles Town adjoining a b UJ·1d· mg rema1ne· d . In the extreme north-east arce y the Railway Depot is due to the hard work done by r f H 1 a small Manager Noble. of the Railway Company, and his men, s~c Jon o oy estown was standing protected by s1ve Devon Row, but the remainder of St John' mas who successfully fought the sparks and flames. The h d · h d · · s east St. George's Barracks, which was used a a fever and ah. hv~~1s e .d Ofhthe 1mmense shops and stores diphtheria hopital, and several buildings on the crest w 1c 1sp 1 aye sue varied merchandise and valu bl of the hill had taken fire, and were destroyed early in stocks gathered from all parts of the known w~rld~ the evening. Several vessels lying at the wharves had of the happy homes of artisans and middle clas ' narrow escapes. The Nelly, Ethel, and Prince Le Boo where contentment and prosperity went hand in h se~, of the comfortable houses where the labouring an ; moved into the stream, and their rigging and sails caught fire several times. The steamer Sharpshooter, sou9ht rest and refreshme~t; an_d ?f the costly and~~~ brig Dovre, the coal hulk Huntress, and a number of posmg structures and publ1c bulld1ngs which were th small boats were burned. pri~e and glory of ~ur pe_ople, scarc~ly a vestige r: About 5.30 a.m. of the ninth the fire had completed mame?; and St. Johns lay 1n the mornmg sun as a cit despo1led of her beauty and choicest ornaments y its work of destruction; fully three-fourths of the city r . f ' pre- lay in ruins. $20,000,000 worth of property had been sen 1ng a p1cture o utter desolation and woe. But destroyed, only covered by an insurance of $4,800,- h~ngry ~ouths were to be fed; houseless people pro 000. Nearly eleven thousand people were homeless, VIded w1th shelter, and with the advent of the morning some two thousand houses and stores had been des !he work commenced. Temporary shelters were erected troyed. 1n Bannerman Park and substantial provisions provid ed. The boundaries of the burnt district may be thus particularly described: from Beck's Cove, up Beck's T~e temporary _telegraph offices enabled us to com Hill, along Bates Street to New Gower, west along New municate t~e details to the outside world, and on Satur Gower, up Carter's Hill to corner of Wickford Street, day. the f1rst offers of relief came pouring in. To thence west to back of houses on east side of Good HaiJf?x belongs the glory of first assisting us, and that View Street, thence north to Cabot Street, thence up evenmg H.M.S. Blake started from there with a large Carter's Hill to LeMarchant Road and on to Freshwater stock of provisions and tents. The Ulunda left about Road, thence east along Freshwater Road and down the same time, and the Portia followed her on Monday. Harvey Street to Roman Catholic Cathedral. Down ~ubsequently !he S. S. Havana, with a full cargo of re Garrison Hill and along Military Road, thence along ~~~f stores, arnved from Halifax, followed by the Dom Queen's Road, south to Fire Hall, thence south of Inion steamer Newfield with a contribution of $10,- Church of England Academy and east along Bond 000 worth from the Dominion Government, and the Street. Up Cochrane Street and along Military Road to S. S. Nfld. from Montreal, with a cargo of relief stores. King's Bridge Road, thence south down Ordnance Besides the large amount collected for the relief of the Square to Temperance Hill, up Signal Hill Road (the fire city throughout the length and breadth of the Domin destroying many detached houses in the neighbour ion, the Ontario Government voted $10,000 towards hood), thence west along Water Street, including all our needs, and the Dominion Government $20,000. We the waterside premises. can_not too highly extol the magnificent spirit of charity The loss of life was comparatively small. It is known wh1ch pervaded our fellow subjects in the Dominion. that Eileen Molloy, Mrs· Stevens, daughter and servant ... All honour to the noble-hearted and generous peo were burnt. All the shipping at the wharves had to ple of the Dominion, and may they never meet such a make for the stream, and there anchor out of reach of dire calamity as we have passed through. From Great the flames, and all the wharves, in many instances with Britain generous donations poured in, and by the in valuable contents, were destroyed. All through the fluence of our Governor. long night the crowds continued passing and repass Taken from HISTORY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, by ing, those who had friends gladly availing themselves D. W. Prowse; pages 527-528. of the warm shelter of their houses, while those who had no better places, settled themselves with their be THE LAST CAPTURE OF ST. JOHN'S longings in Bannerman Park, the Roman Catholic Cathe (Continued from Page 5) dral grounds, and even by the road sides waiting for The terms of the surrender were faithfully carried day to break. Few there were who closed their eyes in out and in due course the survivors of the last hostile sleep that night-the homeless too heartsick and weary force to capture St- John's were landed at Brest. to seek relief in slumber, while those more fortunate To quote Prowse's History of Newfoundland, "the found themselves burdened with relatives and friends recapture of St. John's in 1762 was one of the best or gave way to the natural excitement engendered by conducted, most important successes of a glorious war. such an occasion, and wandered aimlessly from place The fleet and the army co-operated with singular har to place fascinated by a scene at once magnificent and mony and success." It was a short, decisive campaign awe inspiring. The misery of that awful night will long which ably upheld the prestige of British arms and be borne in the memories of the witnesses, and the enhanced the reputation of Amherst. His name is scenes of utter desolation and hopeless ruin which be perpetuated on the scene of his victory by the fort came evident at every step were sufficient to unman which bears his name at the entrance to the Narrows. THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY II
PROVINCE OF NEWFOUNDLAND
DEPARTMENT OF MINES, AGRICULTURE AND RESOURCES
There's A Mining Boom in Newfoundland TRAINED MEN ARE NEEDED
During the past few years we have produced
About one-third of Canada's iron ore;
All the fluorspar;
About ten per cent of her lead and zinc; more than three per cent of her cop per and silver.
Significant amounts of limestone, cement, gypsum and pyrophillite.
We have new mines
Maritimes Mining Corpn. Ltd. started production in Aug. 1957 at Tilt Cove.
Atlantic Coast Copper Corpn. has started production in July 1961.
Advocate's asbestos at Baie Verte is exciting mining people with its great potential;
Encouraging exploration is being done in a dozen more places.
Trained men are in great demand-Mining engineers, geologists, prospectors and construction men and tradesmen of ·all kinds are being used in increasing numbers every year.
Young Newfoundlanders can qualify for the very best jobs at Technical and Trade Schools; at Memorial University in St. John's, or on the Mainland, and in many ways can get immediate assistance in the form of scholarships and grants. DEPARTMENT OF MINES, AGRICULTURE AND RESOURCES ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND 12 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY -= The Lawrence LEMARCHANT DRUG STORE Newfoundland Phone 91236- 93908 Co., Ltd. Opp. Groce Hospital WHOLESALE PAPER DEALERS SINCE 1898 Dl RECT IMPORTERS Merchandisers of Quality and MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS Cosmetics • Wrapping Paper • Tw ines and Bags • Dorothy Grey • Cellophane Wrappers and Bags • Paper Cups and Plates • Egg Cartons and • Yardley Trays • Stationery and School Supplies • Paper Cutters • Counter Check Books • Revlon • Calendars, Etc . NEW LOCATION: 209-211 DUCKWORTH ST. • L'entheric P. 0. BOX E-5044 St. John's, Newfoundland Dial 86288 or 87636
AN EPIC STORY DUNLOP In the f ield of PRODUCTS NEWFOUNDLAND HISTORY The Role of the Ill • RUBBER BELTING ROYAL NEWFOUNDLAND • WATER, STEAM & AIR HOSE REGIMENT IN ONE OF THE II • VEE BELTS TWENTY FAMOUS NAVAL ACTIONS STERNSON PRODUCTS OF ALL TIME, THAT OF CONCRETE ACCELERATORS LAKE ERIE, SEPT. 10, 1813 WATER PROOFERS HARDENERS Dr. Robert Saunders, J.D., Etc. BONDING AGENTS This fully documented history has never been published. WM . NOSWORTHY
$2.00 PER COPY LIMITED For sale by P. 0 . BOX 1058 ST. JOHN'S e Dicks Sc Co. e Gray & Goodland e Royal Stores e A yre Sc Sons e and at Newsstands DIAL 85126 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 13
DR. A. C. HUNTER
DR. C. MACPHERSON Honourary Degrees Received by Local Personalities Lieutenant-Colonel Cluny Macpherson, vice-president of the parent clan associa C.M.G., F.R.C.S., (Eng.), M.D., C.M., J.P.; tion. Dr. Alfred C. Hunter, Dean Emeritus of Born in England in 1892, Dr. A. C. Memorial niversity; and Dr. N. A. M. Hunter was professor of English and BOOBS WANTED Mackenzie, retiring president of the Uni French at Memorial from 1925, when it versity of British Columbia, received hon opened as a junior college, until his retire Back Issues of the ourary degrees at the annual spring con ment as Dean of the Faculty of Arts and vocation of Memorial University. Science in 1958. NEWFOUNDLAND Dr. Macpherson was born March 18, He was head of both the department 1879 at St. John's, and received his edu of EngLish and tlhe department of modern QUARTERLY cation in St. John' and at McGill Uni languages until 1954, and was made Dean versity, Montreal. of Arts and Science in 1949. Anyone havin g any or all He served in the First World War with The Dean Emeritus was president of of the issues of The "New the 1st Newfoundland Regiment, and the Jundor College from 1933 until it while in France in 1915, he devised the reached university status in 1949. found land Quarte rly" dated anti-gas helmet for protection of H. M. Dr. Hunter received his BaGhe1or of Forces. He returned to • ewfoundland in Arts degree from the University of Lon f rom July, 1901, Vo l. 1, No.1 191 6 and became Director of Medical don, a Bachelor of Arts with first class to Dec. 1905, Vol . 4, No. 3 is Services for the province. honors in Modern Languages and a Mas Dr. Macpherson is a Commisioner of ter of Arts from Oxford. asked to communicate with the Supreme Court of Newfoundland, the As a post-graduate, he was named the Editor. We would also be Registrar of the ewfound•land Medical Zaharoff and Health Harrison scholar. Board, and a director of the International At the University of Paris, Dr. Hunter interested in any issues up to Grenfell Association of ewfoundland. became Doctor of Letters of the Univer In 1957, he was made a Knight of sity. He was awarded the Medaille d'or 1949 . Write: Justice by the t. John Ambulance. de la langue francise by the French Acad In 1957, he was made Honorary Colonel emy for his l!hesis. He holds the honorary THE NEWFOUNDLAND of N umber One Medical Company title of Officer de l'Academie. R.C.A.M.C. (M). Dr. Hunter was trained as a teacher at QUARTERLY Dr. Macpher on, vice-president of the Borough Road Training College, Isle Royal Stores Limited, and president of tlhe worth, London. P. 0 . Box E-5419 Riverside Woolen Mills Limited, is the He saw war service with the Royal St. John's honorary president of the Olan Macpher Welsh Fusiliers in 1914, and was invalided son As ociation of Canada and honorary out in 1917. 14 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY Stand Fast for Newfoundland
By
DR. ROBERT SAUNDERS, J.D.
(Dr. Juris)
Graduate of Boston, New York. Columbia, Rutgers and Iowa State Universities. the College of Law of St. Paul and Minneapolis. Diploma in fnternationaf Affairs. University of Minnesota Cabot Sighting Newfoundland
PASS up this issue on: "When Newfoundland Helped James Croie " Dundas, or a Sketch of Canadian I Save Canada" to present further evidences of Newfound History·· (Montreal 1861) :- land's claim as the landfall of Cabot in 1497. This is "John Cabot and his son Sebastian set sail from about the fourth article I have written to this magazine on Bristol ... and to his great surprise came in sight of this subject. I find that, not only the weight of the land on the 24th of June. This happened to be the evidence; but also an almost universal credit given to ew Island of Newfoundland, and being the first land they foundland as the landfall of Cabot on 24th June 149 7. had seen he named it Prima Vista, since changed to These evidences are not only confined to foreign writers: Bona Vista." but the histories and popular writers of Canada have, in a great majority of the cases, lined themselves up on the W. E. Sweetser, Editor of "The Maritime Prouinres". side of Newfoundland's claims. a handbook for travellers·· (Boston 1883) says: Prof
- ~ ,· _.... ~~ ' f(• "We learn, indeed, from Barrett (Barrett's " His British North America (London in the 1840's) says : tory of Bristol") that on June 24th 1497 " was New This old man . . . John Cabot, had a reputation fou ndland found by Bristol men in a ship called the for bold and skilful seamanship ... in June 1497 the Matthew." adventurers discovered the coast of Labrador and New This au thor in ] 8 9 7, on Cabot when referring to foundland.' ' Barrett's old history of Bristol says Barrett took it from an R. Montgomery Martin. "British America," Vol. 1. old and famous M. S. known as the first M. S. ( 1832) says :- This M S is cited by Walter W. Hughes, member of " Cabot sailed to the Westward in the expectation Bristol Town Council. Bristol 8th March, 1897 in " A of reaching Cathay or China, but .. . on the 24th June, short account of the Cabots that an ancient Manuscript 1497, made the coast of America discovered ewfound belonging to the first family of Hill Court, Gloucestershire, land.'' threw further light on the subject and the date of the first expedition. John Parker M.P. in his " Newfoundland - the I Oth Prouince of Canada" (London 19 50 ) speaks of " at the And Mr. Hughes continues in his address on the time of its discovery by Cabot." Ca bot's:- Joseph Jacobs " The Story of Geographical Discou "Mr. William George of this city (Bristol) has ery·• ( New York 1902) says:- himself seen the Manuscript, which was unfortunately destroyed by fire at Mr. Kerslake's." " Henry VII employed John Cabot, a Venetian But Mr. Hughes continues in his address·- settled in Bristol .. to attempt the voyage .. . He ap pears to have re -discovered Newfoundland in 149 7." "We can imagine the little ship manned by only eighteen men ... dropping down the river very quietly The Grolier Society Publication, Volume 13 '' The after the experience of so many failures ; but when it Book of History," with an introduction by Viscount returned after the glorious discovery of the New Found Bryce, says:- Land etc. etc." " John and Sebastian Cabot, however, led British Duncan Campbell ( of Halifax) in Nova Scotia in crews to the discovery of Newfoundland." its historical. " M ercantile and Industrial Relations" ( Mont real 1873 ) says:- The Hydrographic Office in Washington over a half " There is an ancient Bristol Manuscript regarded century ago (in 1909) said: as a uthentic, on record that on the day indicated G . M. " The island of ewfoundlanq. said to have been Haliburton - the twenty-fourth of June 1497 - known to Norsemen at a very early date ... but its Newfoundland was first discovered by Bristol men in first authentic account of its discovery was in 1497, a ship called the Matthew therefore it is extremely prob when John Cabot ... sighted the land." able that the island specified was the first land seen by Cabot." " The Romance of Exploration" By the Burroughs Canada, by the Canadian Government Travel Bureau, Welcome Co. and associated House, New York City (But O ttawa says of Newfoundland: " It was in that year printed in England) in its excellent piece of research ( 149 7) that John Cabot reached the island after a 53 says:- days voyage from .. Bristol. (Continued on Page 16) 16 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY STAND FAST FOR NEWFOUNDLAND (Continued) Edward Eggleston "The New Century History of the U.S.A." "John Cabot, a well-to-do merchant of Bristol, "John Cabot set out in May, 1497-the year of sailing from Bristol in 149 7, under Letters Patent from Vespeccius first voyage - with one ship and eighteen King Henry VII, discovered Newfoundland." men on June 24th he reached land. It lay far to the Another unique source is "Wildlife's Consen'ation north of the islands discovered by Columbus . . . (see Album." (Washington D.C. 1942) showing a picture picture of "Land Discovered by the Cabot's" from of a codfish, remarks:- Egglestons works.) "John Cabot, who visited Newfoundland in 1497, Thomas B. Lawler LL.D. "A Primary History of discovered the cod ... From this beginning developed the U.S.A." (Ginn f1 Co. 1905). the great cod fishery operations in the Atlantic." "Cabot discovered the coast of North America An eminent English historian, George Courtney probably near Newfoundland. Going ashore, he raised Lyttleton in his History of England from the earliest dawn a cross with the flag of England on one side and the of authentic History (3 Vols. London 1801 - 1805) flag of St. Mark, the patron Saint of Venice on the other says:- ... (see picture from Lawler on "Cabot Sighting New "Henry, in the thirteenth year of his reign granted foundland) . a patent to Sebastian Cabot, a Venetian, for the dis We should give some citations from our Newfound covery of New Lands and that adventurer . .. discovered land historians of over half a century ago. This P. T. Newfoundland. McGrath (afterwards Sir Patrick) writing to the Pall Mall The above from Courtney well illustrates how little Magazine in England May 1899 says: - was known of John Cabot, when he says it was Sebastian, Cabot, on his famous voyage, sighted the New his son. foundland coast and cast anchor in St. John's June 24, 1497 ..... Joseph Halton and Rev. Moses Harvey in "New foundland" (1883) says: What part of the New World was first seen by Cabot and named by him Prima Vista. The common account is that it was some place in the island of New foundland, most probably Bonavista. Rev. Moses Harvey in "Newfoundland at the begin ning of the 20th Century (New York 1902) says: "In 1497 John Cabot discoverer of North Amer ica, touched these shores on his first memorable voyage and made known the existence of this great island." For a most recent citation we quote from a West Country newspaper-"The Poole and Dorset Herald" November 29, 1961. In it Mr. Bernard C. Short in a serial on Poole f1 Newfoundland etc. says:- "John Cabot had in effect discovered Newfound land ... within fifty years of Cabot's voyage the merchants of Poole were to establish trade relations with Newfoundland.'' SCALE. OF MILES No better ending of these authorities - and scores of 6 2bO 460 600 others given in my previous articles - can be given that that of the eminent American Historian of other days, Lands discovered, by the Cabots namely, John Clarke Ridpath LL.D. in his Complete Arnold Wright "The Romance of Colonization" History of the U.S.A. (Chicago 1912) Dr. Ridpath (London 1923) says:- says (we cite only brief! y) "Cabot investigated the shores of Labrador and "Prima Vista, or first seen - a name which made a landing at Newfoundland. That comparatively shifted a little in shape and perhaps applied to another insignificant venture in the then little-known waters part of the region has become historical in Newfound of the North Atlantic, was really the first definite step land" - Cabot landed at Prima Vista and there was in founding an overseas Empire of England." raised, for the first time in the Western Hemisphere the Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association, flag of England. Exeter July - August 1901. Extracts from Sir Leth There in the far north lifted by courageous bands. bridge's Presidential Address:- stood the flag of the Tudor Kings. There alongside "We all know that the most ancient of our settled stood the Republican banner of St. Mark ... colonies, one of the most loyal, and one of the most "He could verify everything by sufficient testi robust as regards the character of its set'tlers is New mony. His eighteen living witnesses were with him. foundland . . . Discovered by West Country sailors Where this is the one to dispute all this accumulated under one of the Cabots." evidences that I have produced in many articles in this G. P. Quackenbos LL.D. "Elementary History of magazine. Both by weight and number the evidence in the U.S.A." (New York 1870) says:- favour of Newfoundland is overwhelming. "The first navigator that reached North America See here a picture of the three great promoters of was John Cabot. In 1497, about a year before overseas exploration in other day. From D. C. Knowlton Columbus reached the mainland, Cabot explored the Ph.D. and Mary Harder M.A. in their "Our America Past coast of Newfoundland." and Present" (1936) . THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 17 All the Best Music ON BE COBBS B1BIJIOGR.AIPHY FOR Article: "The Career of Cadet HEAR THEM George Williams," in Newfoundland Quarterly, Fall, 1960. Inasmuch as no bibliography was printed with this artiole, through some error perhaps, I am asking .rhe editor for space AT for it. This seems vital-ly necessary, as someone might want to read further on the event:\s surrounding the t!imes and the man. -Robert Saunders. DICKS "The Williams Bibliography" Sir Edward Barrington-"Political and Military episodes de· rived from the Correspondence of R ight Hon. John Burgoyne RECORD ROOM General, Statesman, and Dramatist.'' (London 18, 1876). At the Sign of the Book c. E. Bennett--'~Adlva,noe and Retreat to Saratoga!" ~ew. York 1927). Water Street St. John's J ohn H. Brandow, M.A.-"The Story of Old Saratoga" (New York 1919). Lieut.-GeneraJ. Burgoyne-"A State of the Expedition From Canada as laid before the House of Commons." (London 1780). Henry B. Carrington-"Battles of the American Revolution (New York 1904). J. Corry-"History of Lancashire" (London 1825). James Croston-"History of County Palatine and Duchy Lan· caster.'' (London 1888) 5 Vols. Lieut.-Gol. Henry Fishwiok-"A History of La.ncashire" (Lon· don 1894). E. B. DeFonblanque-"Burgoyne-Political and Military UNION OIL CO. Episodes.'' (London 1876). Sergt. Roger Lamb. (Royal Welsh Fusiliers)-"A Journal of Occurences duri.ng the late American War." (Dublin 1809). DIAL 82822 "Memoir of ·the Public Services of Sir James Yeo."-Naval Chronicle. Vol. 24 (1810). FURNACE and STOVE OILS New York State Executive Committee on-"The 150th Anni versary of the Battle of Saratoga and Surrender of Burgoyne" (New York 1927). E. B. O'Callaghan M.D.-Editor of "Orderly Book of Lieut FASTEST, MOST EFFICI'ENT OIL DELIVERY General Joh.n Burgoyne" (New York 1860). J udge Prowse-"History of Newfoundland". SERVICE IN ST. JOHN'S Major Raike~"Roll of Officers of the 84th Regiment etc''. (London 1885). Horatio Roger~"Editor of a Journal kept in Canada and upo.n Burgoyne's Campaign by Lieut. James M. Hadden. Royal 24 HOURS SERVICE Artillery. ~New York 1884). Lawrence Shadwell-"Life of Colin Campbell.'' (Edinburgh 1881). After Hours Call ... Thomas &kinner-''Forty years in Ceylon" (London 1891). W. L. Stone-"Letters of Bru.nswick and Hessian Officers dur • LOUIS SMITH-Grove's Road. 930233 ing the American Revolution." (New York 1891). W. L. Stone-"The Campaign of Lieut.-General Burgoyne" (New York 1877). • RALPH BUIT-Sulva Street 869894 W. L. Stone-"Lady & Major Acland.'' Magazine of American History, Oct. 1879 and Jan. 1880, and Lippincott Magazine Oct. 1879. Ditto-"Burgoyne's Orderly Book.'' ( ew York 1893). - OFFICE - Dr. James Thacker, M.D. (Surgeon in Army)-"A Military Journal during the Revolutionary War" (Boston 1827). Junction FRESHWATER RD. and W. L. Stone-Translator of Madame Riedesel's Letters (wife of German Commander of Hessian Troops). (Albany 1867). W . L. Stone-''Reminiscences of Saratoga.'' (New York 1875). PENNYWELL RD. Ella H. Walworth-"Battles of Saratoga, 1777" (New York 1891). Sarah Perez Morton-(1759-1846) "Poems.'' DIAL 82822 Philip A. Wilkins.-"History of the V.C." Thomas Baines & Wm. Faitbairn. 2 Vols. on "Lancaster & Cheshire-Past & Present." (London 1868-69. Cichard Cannon-''Historical Records of the 20th Regiment" (London 1836). 18 THE NE~UNDLAND QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD MOVERS & OXFORDf in 5 fiHings SHIPPERS, LTD. for every width Head Office, ST. JOHN'S & STEPHENVILLE of foot Branches, AGENTIA, GOOSE BAY, LABRADOR For perfeot comfort your NEWFOUNDLAND shoes must fit you perfect ly. These fine K Oxfords are availa·ble here in five Packers, Craters, Shippers Household widths -to each half size -from very slim to extra Furniture & Effects wide. That is why we can give you a fitting ~ervice secon(l to none. AGENTS NORTH AMERICAN VAN LINES MEMBER CANADIAN WAREHOUSEMEN'S ASSOCIATION Parker&Monroe Ltd. PHONE 9-0061-62 8-6455 THE SHOE MEN FRESH. • • • • SERVICE as a flower in just one hour • SECURITY Hour • SATISFACTION Martinizing WITH ALL YOUR INSURANCE MAIL ORDERS GIVEN PROMPT ATTENTION HEAD OFFICE-THE JOHNSON INSURANCE BLDG. 95 ELIZABETH AVENUE - ST. JOHN'S HUGHES- MAYNARD DOWNTOWN ST. JOHN' S SERVICE OFFICE- 244 WATER ST. BENNETT AVENUE - BELL ISLAND CLEANSERS LTD. HIGH STREET - GRAND FALLS Telephone 92186- 92187 WESTERN OFFICE-TH JOHNSON INSURANCE BLDG. BLACKMARSH RD. ST. JOHN'S, NFLD. MAIN STREET - CORNER BROOK MAIN STREET - STEPHENVILLE the Most in Dry Cleaning NEWFOUNDLAND THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 19 A QUARTERLY FLASHBACK Daring Escape Fro,.. Signal Hill Prison IIA TALE OF 1848" By ALEX A- PARSONS, J.P. HIL E looking over a time-honoured copy of the St. crown; when no man would have dared even to dream WJohn's "Patriot" (I think it was) for 1848, I noticed of the luxurious floating hotels that were to bridge therein a stirring account of the daring escape of two the Atlantic in half-a-dozen days before the century yo ung men from the old military prison on Signal was out, and compared with whose magnificent bulk Hill. Since then I have done my best to get as many the far-famed Britannia was but a pigmy. And yet more details as possible of the incident itself, as well the Britannia was a veritable monster of the seas com as of the circumstances connected therewith. I have pared with the Sirius, the first steam-driven boat to searched the archives of the Department of Justice, as cross the Atlantic two years earlier- a vessel of 412 fa r as the gentlemanly officials there would permit me tons, which the world was impressively informed, at to go, interviewed the oldest inhabitants of Hoyles the time, had cost "no less than £27,000." town, and done everything else I could, to hunt up Does the reader ask, "What the steamship Britannia fa cts and figures to enable me to weave the affair into and Charles Dickens and his wife had to do w ith the a story for one of our local Christmas Numbers. The two men to whom I refer?" Well, they had this much net result is that I am now "out" with the fruit of my to do w ith them: the Britannia brought them from gleanings. Liverpool to New York and Mr. and Mrs. Dickens The occurrence to which I refer, took place in 1848, were two of their shipmates during the voy·age. It is and as nearly as the good people of that time have a remarkable circumstance that they should have man long since "gone hence to be no more seen", you, aged to get away from England in one of the first re ader, can imagine the difficulties I have had to face steamers to cross the Atlantic, and to associate on the in getti ng the data here employed. My story at the voyage with, perhaps, the greatest literary genius of start takes me back three-quarters of a century, when his day. things in St. John's were so vastly different from Their real names, I understand, were Dermot Brady what they are now, that if one of the "old-timers" were and Edward Naughton; but, to hide their identity, they to lay his shroud aside and step up from the grave, assumed the aliases of Bradshaw and O' Kelly. These he would hardly know what part of the world he had are the names by which they were known on the Bri come to. tannia and which they retained during their brief But to begin at the beginning! When the good sojourn in the New World. They did not remain long sh ip Britannia- the first of her kind- steamed from in New York. Some inkling of their whereabouts Li verpool, more than seventy years ago, her paddles having reached the authorities in London, the police driven by 7 40 horse-power engines, fussily churning of Gotham were notified to be on the alert, and as th e muddy waters of the Mersey, she was a vessel to soon as Brady and Naughton (I shall now give their marve l at-one of the four latest "wonders of the real names) got to know that their movements were world", of which the other three were her sister Cun shadowed, they took passage in a sailing vessel named arders, Acadia, Columbia ad Caledonia. She was the the Northern Light, bound for Fogo, with a cargo of pioneer who showed the way across the Atlantic to provisions for one of the firms doing business there. th e fleets of steam leviathans that were to follow in From that port they came on to St. John's, arriving her w ake; and in herself a statelier vessel than the here early in August of the year already mentioned Mersey had seen, with her 207 feet from stem to (1848). Being good looking, educated, and regarded stern and her burden of 1,154 tons. But Charles Dick as the sons of Irish noblemen, they soon made inti ens, who was one of the Britannia's eighty-seven pas mate acquaintance with some of the best fam il ies in sengers on that memorable trip, was in no mood to the community. At their hotel- a popular place kept be im pressed by the "far-famed, fast American steam by a Mrs. Johnson- they received their newly-found packet;" for he describes his "steam-cabin", for whose friends, who invited them to their homes where they lu xury he and his wife paid £78, as "an utterly im were dined and wined and entertained as only the practicable, thoroughly hopeless and profoundly pre hospitable merchants and planters of those days posterous box." Its door would no more admit his two "knew how to do it." They danced gracefully, sang modest portmanteaux "than a giraffe could be per and played delightfully, were expert at cards and su aded or forced into a flower-pot! " and its beds con billiards, and as a result, the leaders of society here sisted of a "very flat quilt covering, a very thin mat vied with each other in the splendor of the balls and tress, spread like a surgical plaster on a most inacces parties given in their honor. sible shelf." At these gatherings Messrs. Brady and Naughton And when to this discomfort were added the uneasy used to talk of their experiences on the Britannia and antics of the vessel which "almost rolled her funnel relate stories told them by Dickens durng the voyage. out," one can imagine with what heartiness "Boz" took And all this they did to the delight of their eager a sol emn vow on landing in America, fifteen days lat listeners. Then, again, they were good speakers, and ter, to adjure steam and make his return voyage on a much admired for the wit and humor that character ~ ood old-fashioned sailing-ship. Such was a pioneer ized their after-dinner efforts. Thus it happened that l1ner in days when Queen Victoria was new to her · {Continued on Page 20) 20 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY A DARING ESCAPE FROM SIGNAL HILL (Continued) After Brady and Naughton had been shut up a week or two, some of their acquaintances got permis for some months things went on very nicely with sion to send them in packages of sweetmeats, fruit them. But from their short and blissful dream they etc. This continued for a considerable time without were doomed to a rude awakening! arousing suspicion. On one occasion a very particular One evening at this juncture, when the pair were friend of Naughton drove up to the prison and hand at the height of their popularity, and the little soci~l ed the warden a large cake for hi.m, which he (Naugh circle in which they moved lay complacently at thetr ton) duly received, the officer never dreaming that it feet, so to speak, Naughton entered the "Dublin Book contained a set of tools by the aid of which two pri store" on Water Street, owned by Mr. Bernard Duffy, soners were to effect their escape. who subsequently edited a city paper called "The Re These tools they carefully concealed, using them cord." Naughton presented to Mr. D. a Bank of Eng whenever an opportunity presented itself, to cut land note representing one hundred pounds, request through the window bars and free themselves once ed him to deduct therefrom the value of some books more. Watching their opportunity one foggy night, he had purchased and give him (Naughton) bac_k the when the sentinel, who paced up and down in front balance. Mr. Duffy at once became suspicious and, be of the building, had reached the farthest-away point lieving the note to be a counterfeit, told him that, if he from the ce111 in which they were confined, they re would come back to the store in an hour or so, he moved the bars and Brady climbed out, dropped to the would then be in a position to change the note for ground and made off. Naughton waited till the man him. on guard again paced his round, then he too, attempt In the meantime, Mr. Duffy called on the Right Rev. ed to get awayi but owing to some slight noise caused Dr. Fleming, then Bishop of St. John's, showed him by his foot coming in contact w ith one of the loosened the note and asked His Lordship's advice with respect bars, the sentinel turned sharply, caught sight of the to the matter. The Bishop advised Mr. Duffy to see fugitive and fired, wounding him severely in the Mr. Andrew Milroy (the manager of the Bank of Brit right leg. He was recaptured and taken back to pri ish North America) father of the late Lady Thorburn son, where he remained till his wound had healed, and get his opinion in relation thereto. This he did, when the authorities sent him back to England for and Mr. Milroy took the number of the note, but re trial, in charge of High Constable Finlay. fused to have anything more to do with it. He (Mr· Brady, on effecting his escape, scrambled, as best he Duffy) then returned to Bishop Fleming, who told him could in the dark, down over the hill to the waterfront, that in a recent number of the London Times, he had divested himself of his boots, noiselessly waded in seen mention made of a sum of nineteen hundred and swam across the Narrows to the Southside. Here he pounds being stolen from the Manchester branch of rested till daylight when he made his way into Black the Bank of England, and he asked Mr. Duffy to Head, and told his story to the people of the first again let him see the note. His Lordship looked at the house he entered. They shaved off his whiskers and number and found that it was the same as the number moustache, cut his hair, gave him a fishing suit, boots on one of the stolen notes, namely: 38,458. and all, and did everything they could to conceal his Mr. Duffy, at the Bishop's suggestion, at once took identity. Nobody "gave him away," and he settled the note to the High Constable--as the Chief of Police down, married, and some of his descendants are today here was then called- who placed Brady and Naugh living in comfortable circumstances here. Constables ton under arrest. They were immediately conveyed and soldiers scoured the White Hills, as well as Signal to the only prison then available here--an old brick Hill and Quidi Vidi, in quest of him. This they kept up and stone building on Signal Hill under the control for a week or more, without avail, of course. Then they of the mil itary authorities, a soldier being on guard abandoned the search. It never occurred to them that outside all the time. he would attempt to swim across the Narrows. DRINK AND ENJOY RAINBOW TEA SO GOOD YOU WILL WANT GEORGE NEAL, Ltd. A SECOND CUP ~ ST. JOHN'S FRANK McNAMARA QUEEN ST. ST. JOHN'S THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 21 DR. ROBERT SAUNDERS, J. D. (Dr. Juris) Graduate of Boston, New York, Columbia, The Greenspond Saga by Rutgers and Iowa State Universities, the College of Law of St. Paul and Minneapolis. Diploma in International Affairs, University of Minnesota. Ill History, Sonq and Story and RALPH WRIGHT, Esq. E take up the second period of transportation to John's and worked in relays to La Manche, Random, Wand from Greenspond covering, in this article, its de Greenspond and Fogo (Ibid, 18 7 4) Pritchett was the velopments from 1870 to 1886. This was a period of time Greenspond man. when Greenspond reached the zenith of its commercial In 18 7 6 a new route was established on the "strait importance. It was also an era for applications to the shore" between Greenspond and Gander Bay with calls va rious governments for money and means to meet this at intermediate settlements. But this contract ended on expansion. 31st December 18 7 6, the courier declining to continue for On the Bay itself the Sailing Packet service was per the amount paid for the service. The Postmaster General formed by six boats, apparently some years even before the allowed it to go on until Spring; but at same time claimed regular northern route. One of these boats "ran" between not enough business. (Ibid 18 7 7). Salvage and Greenspon d. On this John Delaney, the then With the advance of steam navigation we soon read Postmaster General reported to the Hon. Colonial Secre of a petition in the Assembly by Dr. Skelton - then one of tary that "As far as I can learn this service has been per the three representatives for Bonavista Bay-from the fo rmed during the past year with tolerable regularity" commevcial interests of the then Greater Greenspond: (Proceedings House of Assembly, 18 70). "Praying for the establishment of Steam Communication Mr. Delaney reported to the Legislative Council that in Bonavista Bay." The Petition reads: the mails during the present winter were transmitted as From J. C. Dominy and others of Greenspond, Peter follows, viz: "for Greenspond Via Harbour Grace, New House and others of Pools Island, Joseph Howse and others Harbour, La Manche, Random, Bloody Bay, Salvage and of Gooseberry Islands, Edward Bishop and others of Freshwater." (Proceedings Legislative Council, 18 70). Swain's Island and John Hann and others of Pinchards It was then thought that a local steam mail route Island praying for a steam communication." (Ibid 1879). could also make special trips by a Vessel (the Walrus) These were all settlements of growing importance in carrying the judge and his suite on a Circuit Court. But those days. Then, to divert our attention from trans on account of the delay of a day or two in every outport portation, we should say here that of these places surround in his itinerary in order for the judge to hear and decide ing Greenspond there is plenty of evidence that they were cases the defects in this plan were soon apparent. all enumerated under Greater Greenspond in case anyone Mr. Delaney, the then Postmaster General, reported has any doubt on this point. on this to Mr. Alsop, the Colonial Secretary that:- For examples, in 1869 the Census relating to the "On the 17th September a mail was dispatched for Grant for education shows 4325 protestant inhabitants at Fogo and Twillingate, by the Walrus, which was then Greenspond (Legislative Council 18 71) But we certainly proceeding on Circuit with the Judge, and after an do know that Greenspond Island of itself never did con absence of twenty-three days she returned bringing back tain that number of souls. those mails. having proceeded no further on Circuit In 1870 there was a circular to the outports "Arrang than Greenspond, consequently these mails had been put ing for a General Vaccination" (So far as could be got) out of due course one month" (Proc. Legislative of the poor "Gratis." Greenspond was then given credit Council. 1871). for 313 9 inhabitants; but Dr. Skelton, in Greenspond, In 18 7 6 tenders were called for by Public notice for when he made his "Return relative to Vaccination" shows a fortnightly mail service between St. John's and the only 855 Vaccinated free out of this total population of Northern Outports. The lowest tender was accepted and over 3000. This somewhat attests to the then prosperity the first mail dispatched on 8th January, 18 77 and every of Greenspond; as we should suppose that the other 2200 altf: rnate Monday following. They were to call at Random. or more were too proud to go for a free vaccination as Trinity, Bonavista, Bloody Bay, Salvage, Gambo, Fresh they had the means to pay for medical services. They were water, Greenspon d. etc. (Report of John Delaney, Post not looking for Government "hand-outs." master General. Proceedings of the Assembly, 1877). And in the Financial Returns of the Elementary Within a year the Screw steamships "Curlew" and School Board for year ending 30th June 1870, Greens "Plover" were under contract with the Government for pond's ordinary appropriation for the past year ( 18 6 9) the conveyance of mails and passengers. A regular schedule was nearly 240 pounds sterling (to be exact, 238 pounds, of passengers rates was established. Cabin from St. John's 3 shillings) This was the most allotted in any part of to Greenspond thirty shillings with steerage passenger pay Bonavista Bay, including even Bonavista itself (Legis ing half this fare. From King's Cove or Bonavista to lative Council. Proc. 18 71) Greenspond, ten shillings cabin five shillings for steerage, These facts are a diversion from my main theme; meals included. Persons under twelve half the adult price but they will illustrate the then commercial importance and under four years free if with parents (Obid, 1877). of Greenspond mainly as a "one-crop-cod-fish center." But a regular overland mail had been established be In 1870 an act (29 Vic.) was passed "for the en fore this for mail delivery. The contractors for the carriage couragement of Agriculture" in order to reduce Pauper of this mail in 18 73 were Woodman, Pritchett, Crocker, ism. In looking through the nine columns of names and Hodder etc. at a cost of $1,0 7 2. 0 0 Some of these names the grants of land given out all over Newfoundland, there namely Allen Pritchett, and Crocker, are even to this day familiar to the Greenspond people. They started at St. (Continued on Page 23) 22 THE NE~OUNDLAND QUARTERLY CLAYTON CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, LIMITED REFRIGERATION & DIESEL ENGIN·EERS MUIR BUILDING, WATER ST. ST. JOHN'S, NFLD. Air Cooled Marine Engine 81h to 30 H.P. Distributors m Newfoundland for- LISTER & BLACKSTONE- STATIONARY & MARINE ENGINES - 3 to 1200 H.P. GENERATING SETS- P.4 to 860 K.W. STOCKS CARRIED - Spares for Frick Refrigeration - Lister Engines - Darling Pumps - RustoleurtT Paints - Calcium Chloride - Ammonia Air Cooled Generating Set - Freon and Full Service Department. Air Cooled Stationery llh to 18 K.W . 3lfz to 30 H.P. • Steamship Terminal Operators BUILDING SUPPLIES • Contracting Stevedores MURRAY'S ROOFING (ell kinds) • Public Warehouse Operators ALSO DOORS - PLYWOOD AND ALL BUILDING MATERIAL Representing ENGINE DEPARTMENT NEWFOUNDLAND CANADA STEAMSHIPS LTD . PETTER LIGHTING PLANTS Direct Shipping Service DRAIN PIPE COPPER TUBING From and a full line of •II Machinery, Supplies and Fittings. Halifax, N.S. and Montreal, Que. to St. John's SCALES MURRAY AGENCIES & SAWS TRANSPORT CO., LTD. A. H. MURRAY 6 COMPANY, LTD. ST. JOHN'S PHONE 82031-2-3 P. 0. BOX 2155 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY THE GREENSPOND SAGA (Continued) was not one in Greenspond given any land" in order to reduce pauperism" (Ibid 18 71). Greenspond was then riding so high as a fish center pure and simple that the PUBLIC NOTICE ordinary garden vegetables were often brought to Greens pond from Gooseberry Islands " up the bay." This is particularly mentioned by Professor Jukes in his "Excur sions in and around Newfoundland," in the 1840's. Royal Newfoundland Regiment Gooseberry Islands were important then. My mother and two of her sisters married Greenspond men, the trade History by ordinary boat was usual from Fair Island and the Gooseberry's to Greenspond. The Government of Newfoundland is now ar To go back to our theme, the transportation problem ranging for the preparation of a comprehensive in the 1870's! Robert Ford was, in the Mid-1870's, paid history of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment $276.92 for the carriage of mails from Bonavista to which it is hoped to have ready for release by Greenspond (Assembly 18 7 4 ) . A few years before this 1964, the fiftieth anniversary of the outbreak Mr. Lang. the Postmaster was paid $47.00 a year (Ibid of World War I. 1860). But Mr. Lang, and later his daughter Agnes, kept To assist in this work, an urgent appeal is ad this monopoly for half a century. Mr. Lang had other dressed to the public- and, especially, to mem Government interests to swell his salary and a decade later bers and former members of the Regiment-for he was receiving $100.00. the use of any records, documents, plans, photo The light houses, as an aid to navigation, received graphs, etc. which they may have in their posses much attention, and of course, used free and freely for sion relating 'to the Regiment and which may be political purposes. Thus J . T . Neville, Inspector of Light of value to the historian retained by the Govern House and Public Buildings, in one of his yearly Reports ment, Col. G. W. L. Nicholson, former Director of cbarged:- the Historical Division of the Department of Na tional Defence (Canada). " Hire of Steamer Hercules (to make the light-house inspection) and claims this steamer took Noonan ( mer Any relevant material whatsoever will be sin chants in Greenspond then) Winter and Barnes to Greens cerely appreciated but there is a particularly pond and Bonavista Bay for electioneering - got free pressing need for photographs of the Regiment passage and further, a ship ordered to Greenspond "for on active service. Materials should be forward bringing home Mr. Oake (Light House Inspector) from ed to:- Greenspond, At that time Mr. Oake was not at Greens pond." (Ibid 1874.). J. G. Channing, This was evidentally a cloak to cover up the real use of this steamer. And to further illustrate the political Secretary, pressure in Light House jobs read that: ••J. C. Dominy Regimental History Committee, (A business man of repute in Greenspond) petitioned Mr. Winton one of the MHA's for the bay "praying that c/ o Department of Provincial Affairs, Edward Harding may be appointed keeper of the light St. John's. bouse about to be erected on Cabot Island" (Ibid 1879) . Excluding important settlements such as Bonavista and Greenspond, the whole bay was in the next decade in Donors are assured that their material will be an expansive mood. Mr. Delaney, in his 18 81 Reports fully safeguarded at all times and will be return speaks of:- ed to them as soon as possible. " The extension of mail service to settlements which It would be also of considerable assistance to are becoming popular and craving for regular Postal Com the Committee to hear from any member of the munication is much required. A courier between Gambo, public who, whilst not himself having any ma Glovertown, Bloody Bay, and Salvage to connect with the terial concerning the Regiment, may be able to boat at the latter place would complete the mail commun suggest other sources to which a direct approach ication in Bonavista Bay. ( Ibid 1882). might be made. Most of these newer settlements possessed good agri It is felt that the preparation of this Royal New cultural and timber lands and there was soon a real exodus foundland Regiment history is an undertaking from Greenspond to Gamba, Glovertown and Bloody Bay. which will commend itself to all Newfoundland New industries were in operation -such as saw-mills. ers and it is sincerely hoped that this appeal will meet with a generous and widespread response. For example - Mr. George LeMessurier (for the Post-Master General) reports that:- MYLES MURRAY, T he inhabitants of Bloody Bay, Gamba and Freshwater Bay are seeking the establishment of a courier to connect Minister of Provincial Affairs. these settlements with Greenspond on the North and (Continued on Page 24) 24 THE NE~OUNDLAND QUARTERLY THE GREENSPOND SAGA (Continued) ~orthern Dis~ricts demand mor_e frequent opportunities of mtercourse w1th the Metropohs and with one another" King's Cove on the South, where the sailing packets (Assembly 18 84) . between these two places (Kings Cove and Greenspond) calls both going to and returning from Greenspond. They recommended a Weekly Mail over the entire There are three saw-mills in operation at the localities route and. ~r . LeMessurier was able to say the same year named and a large population there." ( Assembly 1884). on the Sa1lmg Packets to Greenspond :- There is one in Bonavista Bay from King's Cove to Greenspond calling at At the turn of the 1880's many different steps were Salvage, Flat, Cottells and Gooseberry Islands to land and taken, to not only improve transportation, but to install receive mails." (Ibid) . new devices. It is recorded in the Assembly proceedings that on March 7th, 1884 that "A select Committee be This improvement was anticipated by Mr. Delaney in appointed to take into consideration the establishment of his " Report on Sailing Packets" When he says that "The an efficient Northern Winter Mail Service." boat on the Bay runs seven months of the year from Bona vista to Salvage and on to Greenspond (Ibid, 1882). On April 21st, 18 84 the Speaker announced that: "The Legislative Council, acquainted the House of In his Report of 21st Feb. 1885 Mr. Lemessurier (to Assembly that they concur in and have passed the Hon. E. D . Shea) speaks of the newer services on th(:' north address sent up from the House of Assembly on the side of the bay thus:- subject of the extension of Telegraphic Communications " A Courier has been appointed to convey mails from to Greenspond and other places mentioned in the Ad Greenspond to Cape Freels, calling on all the larger settle dress" (Ibid) . ments between two and three thousand." (Assembly 1885) On April 18th, the House sent a "prayer" to the These settlements he here refers to became known as Governor that:- "Down the Shore" from Greenspond, and he adds: "Sev May it please your Excellency " House of Assembly" eral sealing Vessels proceed to the fishery from these local considered extension of Telegraph Communities to ities and a large number of vessels employed in the Labrador Greenspond ... Request that your Excellency will be and shore fisheries belong there." pleased to cause such lines of Telegraph to be con It was there that these newer places - after the structed . . as will attain these objects" (Ibid. ) . overflow from Greenspond-tended to take the primacy A. M. McKay's Report on proposed Telegraph is : from Greenspond. And the very next year Mr. Lemessurier, fully acquainted with the growing needs, reports to the " Total cost to connect Shoal Harbour ( Trinity Bay) Legislative Council that: with Twillingate and a branch from Freshwater to Greenspond, twenty seven thousand four hundred dol "Fortnightly trips are not sufficient to meet the require lars. Proposed to examine the country from Greens ments of the Northern Districts, neither has the steamer pond to the North of Gander River which possibly (The Plover) capacity to meet the wants for freight or might be a preferable route, but would not cost less" passage. Boats of much larger tonnage will not answer, (Ibid 1884). as they could not enter or leave some of the most im portant ports of call in rough weather such as Greens Pressure, no doubt, from their constituents obliged pond, Fogo and Little Bay Islands." the House on February 18, 1886 to send an address to the Governor that "We consider that the extension of the But the larger steamers did come in due course and telegraph system to Greenspond must necessarily be attend they solved the space problem by anchoring out in the ed with advantages to these localities" (Ibid, 18 8 6) "bight" around Greenspond or off the harbour Bight, it self and transport freight and passenger by " tender" boats Mr. MacKay in his Report to the Hon. E. D . Shea, to and from the inner harbour, as anyone knows who Colonial Secretary speaks of "New wire from Shoal Har lived around these parts. bour to Twillingate, including the Greenspond branch, is one hundred and ninety miles, costing one hundred and We wish to record, with Ralph's request, a word or sixteen dollars per mile." two on Mrs. Peter Carter of Ship Island, known to all around as "Aunt Carrie" as of Christmas 1961 it is said: His report and accounting for the " Twillingate and "I think it is worth recording (a visit to Mrs. Carter) Greenspond Telegraph Extension" includes everything She looked like a lovely saintly old lady with her snowy such as " boatline from Samuel Saunders (Greenspond) white hair and not a wrinkle in her face. We were not in her $3 .00 John Stroud (lived around Glovertown) services home long before we saw her put the kettle on to boil. as pilot $4.00. Darius Blandford (Greenspond) Smiths She said I am going to make you a cup of tea and give ( blacksmith) account $10.94 and one dog from Gambo you a piece of my Christmas Cake. She bustled around $5.00. and had the table neatly set. Did it all herself. Her grand Mr. MacKay was very exact in his finances for these son steadied her hand while she was pouring the tea as Telegraph lines and put it at $22,076.68 less a $5.00 her sight is not very good. She will be 8 9 her next birth overcharge. Nothing is said about this overcharge, but it day. She was able to laugh and tell us a few jokes of her looks like they decided not to pay the dog and his master girlhood days. We left her with a smile on her face and for their treks to and from Gambo. (Ibid 1886). her eyes sparkling - She was also able to give me a bit of history about Mail Carriers as her father William Cross The importance of the north was constantly subject was one of the early mail carriers . . . up to a year ago to Reports. Thus on April 2 , 1884 a " select committee Aunt Carrie was an active member of the C. E. W. A. on the ·Winter Mails has this to say:-- "The growing (Church of England Women's Association)- commercial importance and the external relations of the (To be continued) THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 25 EARLY HISTORY OF HARBOUR GRACE By MRS. MAY DAVIS On July 26th, 1830, the Comer Stone of Exactly at twelve O'clock the Chief the new Court House and Gaol was laid Magistrate, aocompanied as aforesaid, took fo r t11e Harbour Grace Northern District his station, attended by Mr. Kough the of NewfoundJand at eleven o'clock in the architect and t!he two operative masons. fo renoon. The parade before the cere The arrangements being completed, the mony was composed of the following: Gentilemen bearing the Corn, Wine and Acting High Consta!ble, John Currie; Oil, and the bottle containing the period {;onstables A. Martin and Wtilliam Martin: ical publications with the piece of parcll carrying the banners were M·r. Robert Oke ment, on which was in cribed the date and William Innott; the olergy was repre and origin of the building, presented the sented by Rev. John Haigh, Rev. McBurt, same to His Worship, with tille Colins of Clerk, J. P., Rev. John Smit!hers; Magis the Realm of His Majesty King George trate Joshua Green, Const. Peace James the Fourth - viz. - Sovereign Piece in F. Crowley Esq., J. P.; Master, Thomas Gold, a Crown Piece, A Half Crown Piece, Danson Buckingham, Esq. J. P., Chief One Shilling, and one sixpence in Silver, John Buckingham, Esq. J.P., Ohief Magis· (Continued on page 26) Magistrate; James Coburn and Alex Allen, operatives; Oil, Corn an.d Wine, support er Mr. Jooiah Parkin Mcht.; Mr. J. C. ~uttall, Mcht., !Mr. James Hippisley, SUPPORT THE Agent for Hugh M. Danson, Esq., Mcht. and Sheriff of BristoL Mr. Patrick Kough, ADVERTISERS architect, with the plan; coins borne by Master James Innott; Mr. Hooper, Mcht. WHO bearing the bottle with !!he Inscription SUPPORT THE and latest publications; Deputy Collector of H. M. Customs, James Bayley, Esq.; NFLD. QUARTERLY Gentlemen of the Law, Mr. H. C. Clow, MORE Mr. H. G. Watts; Surgeon, Wm. Ylolloy; Catechist, R. G. Bray; Constables James Barry and Benjamin Rowe, Merdhants, SM/LEAGE (Two by two); Officers of ~he Ben evolent Irish &x:iety of Conception FOR YOUR MONEr bay, (two by two) Olificers and Members New All-Electric of tlle Fishern1en's and Shore men's As YOU'LL LIKI·III sociatJion of Conception Bay; Mr. Ricl1 Copy Maker! Mackey, Master of St. Pa;trick's Irish DILICIOUS School, with the children; Mr. Jas. King well, Master of the Nfld and British fJRANtl. FlAVtl. North American School, whh the child eastt ren; Householders and the general pop· ulace. HILP YOURSILf TO The procession was very imposing; the respectable appearance of t!he Societies added greatly to the effect, and the children of the two scllools, about 400 Exclusive dry process eliminates in number, were neatly attired, and all chemicals; negatives. You make persons present: which consisted in num copies when you need them in ber from 1500 to 2000 persons, all seemed just 4 seconds. New All-Eiectrir m acl1ine. to enjoy the best possible humour of the Ca 11 for a demons! caLion pleasures of the day. At twenty minutes before twelve o'clock the heads of the procession reach ed the commencement of ·the new road to the extensive area selected for the site of BOnLED BY the new bu ilding. This avenue was clear Distributed b y ed by the constaJbile'IS, and in moving from BROWNING hence to the ground the tout ensemJble ASKA SALES LTO. formed an interesting and pleasing dis 38 Prescott Street, HARVEY play. On its arrival at the ground the St. John's whole procession moved rouna the site Phones : LIMITED to the trenclJ. of the foundation, which 82079- 857~7800 was surrounded by respectable and well We Welcome Your Enquiries St. John's Corner Brook dressed spectators. 26 THE NE~OUN DLAND QUARTERLY EARLY NOTES FROM HARBOUR GRAC'E HISTORY (Continued) one Penny, one Halfpenny, and one Far On the Corn, 'Vine and Oil being found silence were particularly attentive, thing in Copper; all of which his ''\lor poured into the excavation of the stone, and when concluded three hearty cheers ship Deposited in the South East Corner the Bottle containing the Periodical Pub being given, God Save the King was play. of the in tended building, in a stone lications with the Inscription on Parch ed by the amateur band in excellent style, which had an excavation in it, sufficiently Jnent were introduced into the excava after which l!he procession left the ground, large to contain the said coins of the tion of the stone. His ' Vorship was pre returning in the same manner to the Realm, the corn, the 'Vine and the Oil, sented with a trowel by one of the 'Vaterford Arms in HaPbour Grace, and with the Bottle containing the Latest Per operative masons and having smoothed the people began to di perse. iodical Publications of the Island, with the mortar therewith, struck the stone, Those gentlemen who were not other. the parchment, which are destined to with a hammer and mallet ~herewith, wise engaged joined the Magistrates in remain a latent Memorial of the present and applied tJhe line, plumb, etc. He ut a glass of wine, to the Hea 1th of our age. tered a short ejaculation, imploring of Gracious Monarch, which was drank with The fol.lowing is a copy of the in the Almighty that His Assisting Grace enthusiasm. scription on the Parchment: might Direct the Progress of the Building, (It was later learned that His Majestv "The foundation Stone of this building and His preventing mercy shield the had been dead for some time.) · was laid by Thomas Danson Ecquire, Operatives from evi I accidents. The heall!h of our Worthy Governor, Chief Magistrate of the Northern District T.he Reverend John Burt, Clerk and Sir Thomas John Gocluane, Knig ht, e tc. of this Island, on Monday Morning, the one of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace, was proposed and drank with the greatest Twenty Sixth of J uly, during the Gov for this District, the esteemed and vener applause. ernment of His Excellency Sir Thomas ated Minister of St. Paul's Ohurch in On the health of the at·chitect :\fr. Oochrane, Knight Governor and Com HaPbour Grace, stepped forth upon bhe Kough, the Builder of the New Court mander in Chief in and over the Island block uncovered, with a small book (a House, being proposed and drank, wish of :-.l'ewfoundland and its dependencies pocket bible), clasped his hands, and ing him in perfect health to complete and ex-vice Admiral of the same, in the addressed the assemlbly in a most appro the New Building, and long to enjO\ Eleventh year of His Majesty George the priate supplication "To Almighty God on life, aftenvards the company separated, Fourth, by the Grace of God of the this interesting and solemn occasion, to highly gratified with the proceedings of Llnited Kingdom of Great Britain and which prayer the whole assembly, in pro- the day. Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith etc. and in the Year of Our Lord, O ne Thou sand Eigh t Hundred and Thirty." FOR THOSE AWAY FROM HOME (Sgd.) Patrick Kough, A SUBSCRIPTION TO THE "NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY" Builder. • CRAGPROOF OVERALLS • TERRY JEANS • FINE DRESS SHIRTS • SPORTS SHIRTS • BOXER SHORTS • UNIFORMS Manufacturers of Quality Garments UNITED COTTON MILLS LIMITED ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND P. 0 . BOX 1447 DIAL 92244. 92056. 92057 THE N EWFOUNDLAND Q UARTERLY 27 FOR YOUR REQUIREMENTS KLIK and KAM YORK CANNED MEATS YORK CANNED GOODS DOMESTIC SHORTENING TULIP MARGARINE FRESH and PROCESSED MEATS FRESH FRUITS and VEGETABLES - CONTACT - CANADA PACKERS LIMITED WATER ST. - PHONE 85161 BOND ST. - PHONE 84011 P. 0. BOX 370 ST. JOHN'S C H A R L ES R. B E L L, L T D . DISTRIBUTORS IN NFLD. FOR : • JOHNSON Outboard Motors • EVINRUDE Outboard Motors • SABLECRAFT Fibreglas Boats • G. M. Dieselite Generators • GATOR Trailers • BRYDON Brass Marine Accessories and Hardware • KOHLER Lighting Plants • AQUALITE Water Pumps 685-687 WATER ST. DIAL 578-2131 28 THE NEWTOUNDLAND QU ARTERLY MAKE SURE THAT THE SURE IS IN YOUR INSURANCE Take advantage of M E R I T ' S "Composite dwelling policy." This is a special packaged policy with a number lt~s Fun Any Tina@ of coverages in one, i.e. insurance on your building con tents, personal liability as well as Seasonal dwelling policy (Insurance on you r summer home or cabin). ol Th@ Y@ar : SPECIAL ADVANTAGES : WITH A BICYCLE FROM . . . All coverages expire on the same da•te ALL business handled by one Company. SPECIAL discount allotted when you take advantage of Harris & Hiscock this new policy LIMITED SEE COMPLETE LINE OF BICYCLES AND PARTS MERIT INSURANCE 168 WATER ST. DIAL 85016 87552 COMPANY ST. JOHN'S, NFLD. ANDERSON A VENUE DIAL 9-0011 _j_ LEDREWS ROYLE EXCAVATING EXPRESS LTD. CO., LTD. TORBAY ROAD GENERAL CONTRACTORS Your ALLIED VAN LINES Agent CONSULTING ENGINEERS OVER 80 YEARS EXPERIENCE IN THE MOVING BUSINESS LET LEDREW'S G IVE YOU THE BENEFIT OF ATLANTIC PAVING THEIR EXPERIENCE CO., LTD. LOCAL AND LONG DISTANCE MOVING Asphalt Paving Contractors •MOVING •sTORING •PACKING DIAL 96085 - 90522 445 WATER ST. W. P. 0. BOX 5520 PHONES 578-0100- 578-2367 THE NEWTOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 29 Know Your Law Makers CAPT. ·EARL WINSOR Liberal Member for Labmdor CAPT. EARL WINSOR. Born July operator with the Newfoundland Railway 2lsL, 1918 at Wesleyville, son of Capt. for years during the v\Tar on practically Jo hua and Blanche 'Vinsor. W'as edu all the coastal fleet including the S. S. cated at \Vesleyville High School and Caribou, being transferred from her just Ia ter attended a technical branch of the shortly before her ill-fated trip. In 1945 Memorial University, where he obtained a he re igned from the Newfoundland Rail first-class certificate of proficiency in way to take command of their Motor wireless. Along with the above he is Vessel 'Winifred Lee,' this vessel served probably unique in that as well as being the people of Labrador from 1933 to the holder of a first-class certificate he 1954, and later the M.V. Trepassey for is also the holder of a Master :\Iariner's a short period. He entered politics in Certificate. He spent some time as wire 1957 and was elected as the Liberal mem less operator on the Labrador coastal ber for Labrador orth which district teamers, a well as on many of the old he still 1·epre ents in the House of As ~ealing ships, also Merchant , avy ves sembly. He is married to the former sels travelling to different pans of the Sarah Elizabeth Penny and they have one world. He served as purser and wireless son, Bruce. RAYMOND WINSTON GUY Liberal Member for Grand Falls GUY, RAYMOND WINSTOr Born seas with 4th Naval draft Maroh 1940 5 July, 1912 at Musgrave Harbour, Fogo Returned to Grand Falls and Goodyear District, son of Simeon and Jessie Guy. Humber Stores May 1946. Joined Riff's Educated High School, Musgrave Har Ltd. as Manager, March 1949. Elected bour. Married Gil.liam Spooner, daugh as Liberal Member of the House of ter of Major and the late Mrs A. F. Assembly for the District of Grand Falls, Spooner of Kula Lumpar, Malay. Four August 1959. Attended Coronation of child1·en, Margaret Jane, John Raymond Queen Elizabeth Ill, June 1953. Past Franklin, Roger Geo1•ge and Daphne Gill _ oble Grand Exploits No. 2 I.O.O.F., ian Tudor, served with Royal aYy 194{)-46 Past Master Lodge orthcliffe 1086 A.F. Lieut. R.~.V.R., Mentioned in Despatches, an.d A.M.; Past President Canadian Cham Battle of the Atlantic. Started commer ber of Commerce. Polritics, Liberal, Hob cial life at Musgrave Harbour 1929, came bies, Gardening and Fishing. Religion, to Grand Falls Branch Manager Good United Church of Canada. Address, 52 year Humber Stores Ltd., 1935. ' '\'ent over- Botwood Highway, Grand Falls, Nfld. GEORGE MAURICE NIGHTINGALE Liberal Member for St. John's North GEORGE MAURICE NIGHTINGALE. 1911 in St. John's. Elected member Born June 5, 1893, at Liverpool England. Hou e of Assembly for St. John's North Son of Robert and Harriet Nightingale. 1956, re-elected 1959. Elected to St. John's Educated at Liverpool, Technical Institute Municipal Council 1949, appointed De- Married to Violet Noseworthy of St. puty Mayor. Re-elected Councillor 1953, John's. Children: Edgar Robert, George 1957. .Hobbies: work and gardening. Edward, Florence Elizabeth. Member of Religion, Church of England. Politics: Rotary Club, Legion Club, Laurier Club, valon Lodge 776 (E.G.) A.F. and A.M. Liberal, Address: 249 LeMarchant Road. (Past Master). In auto business since St. John's, fld. (Continued on Page 30) 30 THE NEWTOUNDLAND QUARTERLY Know Your Law Makers STEPHEN K. SMITH Liberal Member for Port au Port STEPHEN K. SMITH, born 1894, Har Brook with the ' ewfoundland Power and bour Breton. Educated at Harbour Bre Paper Company, rinternational Paper ton and St. Bonaventure's College. Company, Bowater's Newfoundland Pulp Served with the Royal 1 ewfound· and Paper Mills from J 925 to 1935. Was. land Regiment 1914 - 1918 Gallipoli - Town Manager of Corner Brook from Belgium and France with the rank of 1935 to 1956. Elected to vhe House of Sergeant, 2nd Lieutenant and Lieutenant. Assembly for Port au Port District _ Wounded 1st July 1916 Beaumont Hamel Liberal- in 1957 and again in 1959. Past and the 13th of April 1918 Bailleul. New President of the Corner Brook Branch of foundland Trade Commissioner for Port the G.W.V ~'\ .. Religion: Roman Catholic. ugal 1921 -1923. Held position in Corner R ecre:J.tion : Curling and Golf. P.REST-0-LITE M. CONNORS LTD. BATTERIES Distwibutors in Newfoundland for NEED WATER ONLY 3 TIMES A YEAR GUARANTEE: LAMBERTS COUGH SYRUP The battery with the 30-month guarantee or Wholesale and Retail 30,000 miles for private car use. Guaranteed for commercial vehicles, 15,000 miles DRUGGISTS Distributor for Newfoundland Prescription Specialists LEMARCHANT ROAD, ST. JOHN'S 334 Water St. Dial 82206 DIAL 85433 P. 0. BOX 448 It Pays to Remember. • • for WALL PAPERS ' AND PAINTS THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 31 lt/11 luw11 &coin.ll.d- THE HUMAN SIDE OF AMERICAN HISTORY by Richard C. Brown, Ginn & Co. (Toronto, 310 pages. $2.00 postpaid). Professor Brown has gathered together form began to be revealed there . . . a It was very hard to know what to do. in one volume a collection of human in large California lion, a puma, pulling determined to catch a horse somehow, terest tories of the great and near-great the meat from one of our oxen ... It ·but just as I was planning !how it might in American history. tarting even before grew very light before he took any notice be done two men came out of the bushes the d iscovery of America in 1490. he of us where we sat under the oxcart. As and spoke to me. They were armed quotes pre.dicl:lions of its existing - going ~oon as he saw us he walked up . . . mak strangers and very wild, so I fell on my back to the First Century A.D. - rhe au ing a purring sound. He came so close knees and prayed to them to do me no thor gives ohrono1ogically excerpts from that I felt his breath on me, and finally, harm. One of them a ked me why I letters, journals, diaries and speeches he put his nose against my ankle. I was t!here, so I told him. He laughed th rough the centuries a few of the head had no stockings on, only home-made and said I was a good girl, and sent his in gs, taken at random, will give some idea shoes, and his nose felt very strange. man to catch my horse. Then he came of the contents. For example: After what seemed a long time. the lion up to me and kissed me on the forehead, " Columbus Contracts for ten percent went back and lay down beside the dead which frightened me very much. Then 1942. ox. the man came up with my horse. and I A Colonial Cure for the Plague - 1688. We law there un.der the cart until the looked at the leader of the two, and Mary Lacey has a Date with the Devil middle of the afternon. About three aske.d what he was going to do wit:Jh me. ~1692. o'clock mother and Jose, ~he peon came "My girl," he said, "you are more brave Deacon Tudor describes "A Most Honible d own from the coast way. They could see than some of your people were on the M urder"-1770. the whole situation at a glance-the lion, beach when we landed. You shall go Many Stouthearted Sinners were Conquer the dead ox, the cart, and the three of back." He put me on my horse, and ed - 1807. us / huddled together under it. Jose ran kissed my hand and said: "Ride fast, there Lincoln fulfills a Promise to Ibis Maker - forward and fired two shots, wounding are others of Bouchard's men who would 1862. the lion, but he got away in the rocks. not treat you so well. I thanked him Sam Clemens (Mark Twain) Writes of Then mobher told me she had forgotten briefly and he added as he let go the Cats and Centipedes - 1866. a family book ... and she wanted to ride bridle . . . "that he had already two A Muckraker learns about the Boss of back and obtain it. I told her I was not wives on board his ship, or he would his Gang - 190~1- afraid to go; so I mounted her horse have taken me there." This last made 0 God , Thy Sea is so great and my boat and galloped off to Monterey. After a me ride in great terror and with frightful is so small - 1959." while I heard a cannon shot, then an speed. \ Vhen I reached mother's camp. Here is an example of the kind of other, and then a great many. At last I was crying." stories you will find in this book: I reached our own house which was about The preface to eaah story, as this ex Pico is kissed by a Pirate a mile from the beach. I ran and found ample shows, places it in its proper per Monterey was a quiet outpost in Span the old book. But when I went out the specci\·e. This is a book you can pick ish California. Like all outposts it was door, I saw my horse mnning off, fright up at any time - and start reading, any su bject to attack. Hypolite Bouchard, a ened by the noise. where. Frenchman, led two shiploads of pimtes who mided Monterey in 1818. Maria THE IMPERTINENCES OF BROTHER ANONYMOUS An,tonia Pica, m ember of a prominent (Harvest House, 1.50)-A Translation from the French by Miriam Chapin Spanish family, tells of her experiences on that exciting day - Editor's note. Miriam Chapin has done an excellent job for a long time to come." In a note the .. . I was sixteen years of age. A of translation in llhis book. Brother An Editor says: vessel brought the report to Monterey onymous (Frere Untel) is a flesh-and-blood " ... here is the opening of democracy that a whole fleet of pirates were coming. teaching friar in Quebec, Pierre Jerome. and liberalization of instu Lions in Quebec Every one commenced to move ... My This book is about education, lang that the rest of Canada has been allegedly father was not at home . . . My sister, uage, religious bureaucracy and personal waiting for. There will be no turning brother and myself went with the carts, freedom in Quebec. In it Brother Anon back." A book you will want to read mother was to come next day with a ymous lashes out at the corrupt speeah at one sitting. servant. Night came on before we fairly of Frenah Canadians and he belabours started ... About midn·ight we reached pious hypocrites, unctuous tyrants and a large broken oak tree where our mother educational sluggards. The cormpt speech h ad told us to camp. We let the oxen of French Canadians, which he calls loose to graze and crawled under the "joual," and the hot-dog, hot-rod, rock cart. n-roll youth are handled with a club. ... I lay awake and wished my father The incongruous dress imposed on and the m en-servants had been at home priests and nuns and the even more out ... While I was thinking of these things moded habits of life are his targets. a wild , strange noise was heard approach \Vhile his book has not been "banned in ing . . . I knew that something had Boston," or even place.d on the Index, attacked the animals. Brother Jerome himself has allegedly been CARL WINSOR T he morning was dawning when this sent off to Rome "to further his theo happened, and .. . I oould see a hundred logical studies," and it has been said INSU R ANCE feet down llhe canyon. An indistinct "You know he won't be writing anything 179 W ater Street 32 THE NEWFO UNDLAND QUARTERLY SHOES of distinct i on . . . ever increasing in popularity because of the top quality materials used and the craftsmanship, (handed down through generations), KOCH SHOES are etching for themselves a place in the style and comfort brac ket of Newfoundlanders. Write us direct for price list and information. Orders filled from stock KOCH SHOES LIMITED day after received. H ARBOUR GRACE NEWFOUNDLAND GO ANYWHERE VEHICLE THE WORLD'S MOST VERSATILE VEHICLE For Demonstration and Price contact- LIMITED P. 0 . BOX 40 ST. JOHN'S, NFLD. PHONE 83015-6-7 THE NEWFO UND LAND QUAR TER LY 33 J avoul'ileo 0/d and r/ew Jhe Sonlj o/ Jhe Jri6 By R. H. PELLEY On the 14th of D ecember, After the storm they had a calm; As you will understand, They went to work again, The schooner " Iris" lefit Charlottetown But thirst was looking them straight in the face Bound down to Newfoundland. As all rhey had to drink was rain. They sailed away with spirits gay, So they caught twelve buckets of water one day :\Tot thinking of the gales, As it dropped from the heavens abO\ e. That would smash in their bulkarks, :\fow all tJ1ey wanted to see was land, Likewise tear up their sails. Like ~oah when he put out the dove. They had it fine the first d ay out, After being fifty-seven days out But it came on to blow, Without seeing any land And on that night the seas ran high They anchored in West Indies, 'Vith frost and showers of snow. Twenty-two hundred miles from Newfoundland. Likewise they forced their vessel on The Captain's name was Richards, Like gallant seamen can, A man from Charlottetown, In hopes to reach some har bour He was a navigator, On the coast of ~ewfoundland. And had sa]ed th ~ world all ro:n.< But as days rolled on, the seas rolled high, The mate was Vere Riohards, And fieocer grew the gales, 'Vith an eye so bright and keen , Till it became impossible for them And Dick, a Newfoundlander, To cook their meals. A lad of seventeen. St. Stephens night all gathered off There were Bob and Jim, who we re in one watch, U pon the quarter deck, They were British tars, And each man thought his time had come And also Tom who liked his rum As their vessel was a wreck. As you oould tell b y his scars. Spray after spray, day a•fter day, So success to the Iris, "\Vith frozen ropes and hands, Likewise, her jolly crew, T •heir vessel got all iced up As they are still a-sailing And drove out over the Banks. Upon the waters blue . .-\nd on that coast of ewfoundland A Spaniard bought the Iris. It is a stormy route, As I have since been told, Impo ible to get her in But to those storm-tossed sailors They had to run her south. She is worth her w eight in gold. They headed for another clime, They reached the old Gulf Stream. And not even the smoke of a steame r "\Vas ever sighted or seen. At last they reached the Tropics. TOLEDO SCALES As some of you may know, And glad enough the sailors were AND FOOD MACHINES To be out of frost and snow. The N ame Everybody Knows ALSO Electrical Meat Saws SEE US FOR YOUR Meat Ch oppers CROCKERY and GLASSWARE Steak Machines REQUIREMENTS Vegetable Peelers 1\f eat Slicers CU PS and SAUCERS -TEA SETS DINNER SETS MODE.L 1051 24 and 30 lbs. c~pacity WATER SETS - BERRY SETS One of many models available Full particulars and prices with terms furnished upon request for all models of scales and Food Machines. Onr Senice Department is fully equipped to give fast, S. 0. STEELE & SONS competent service on all machines. LIMITED FRED. V. CHESMAN LTD. DIAL 8-6392 WATER STREET EAST REPRESENTATIVES P . 0. Box 695 178 Water St. Telephone 82536 34 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY FAVORITES OLD AND NEW (Continued) Coa3lerj By R. W. S. Fore and afiter sailing from far off Labrador Running wing and wing back home to :\fewfounclland. Full load of codfish Cod oil and herring, Salted salmon, rounders -always in demand. Stately diesel ~chooner coming up from " 'hite Ba~ Flitting by nhe many capes along the rocky shore, Cargoes of lumber Birch junks and timber Salmon and lobsters in ca es by the score. For 139 Years McMURDO'S has meant Service Di11ty coastwise steamer wiuh trap boats on her deck and Satisfaction to the Newfoundland Trade Butting past the headlands in tho e bleak :-/0\•ember da,~. Bringing home the planters, · Those sturdy £ishing planters - 0 - The back bone of our country from our harbours and o ur ba~~. When you order Drugs, Cosmetics, Toiletries, ~ R eq-t-tejl Confectionery and Fruit Syrups By PEARL PLOUGHMAN GRYZLO Take a pen in hand and write, you men CALL 84061 - 84062 'Vho know the Tale of Newfoundland. Let us en joy the tales of old, There mu t be many, yet untold. T. McMURDO & CO. LIMITED Reveal our history, strong and true. Of fishing and of fighting too. Newfoundland's Leading Drug Wholesaler Sing out, sing out, for all to hear WATER ST. ST. JOHN'S From Bonavista down to Carbonear. From Trinity to Champneys "''est Port Rexton down to Clarenville, 1 8 2 3 Our 139th Year 1962 St. John's clear up to Signal Hill Enrich the history of our past. You ladies too, may want to join In telling stories or, just rhymes. Of Hooking mats, or quilting bees. Or, picnics on the •holidays. Be proud, that you're from Newfoundland Sing our prai es, round the land. So, glory in your past and write Old memories, please start tonight. DELPHIS COTE '"'rite about the rug-ged Island That we love so well. (EASTERN) LTD. And yarns, proud Newfoundlanders tell. You mu t remember£ Sirs that we Were meant to have a Hi.storv Om Island's rocky, big and 'bold Let not our History be untold. ROOFING and SHEET METAL WATERPROOFING Quick Starts L "t· 'e1 Asbestos Roofing and Siding . . . Ollg 11 Member Canadian Roofing Contractors Association P. 0. Box 5234 Dial 91049 ...... a "Large or Small . W.ll1 a:r· . . . . We Cover Them All" T. A. M a c N A B & C 0., L T D. DISTRIBUTORS THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 35 Holiday B@nainisc@HC@S By Mrs· Alex Marshall CHAPTER V (CONCLUSION) "'\'ell, in order to engage one for to The leaves' light flutter, ~ound of partly consoled when Max said that in morrow we shall have to go to Musgrave sudden wings, stead of going back to the Long Shore rown now," said Marion. "Could you take The far dim hills, with waters wide Road, we could take a road bhrough the us ~fr. Lethbridge?" between. heart of the woods which would lead "Yes, Miss Marston, if you wish, but Breath of great Mother Earth, here we us out at the east end of Lethbridge. "-e won't get back till dark." lean This road was overgrown also; some "That won't matter," I said, "we are '.Yith no conventions hard to intervene, times we had to bend low in order to accustomed to having our supper at any Content with the contentment Nature save our hats, while the branches of old time." brings; trees brushed well the wheels of the Thereupon we impressed upon Herman Just to be out of doors." carriage. " ' e managed to get through, and ="Ted that they be sure to wait for old I shall tell briefly how we spent the however, by walking over the roughest :Mrs. Hancock and take her safely home, day, for perhaps my readers are even places, and this we did not mind as it and in a very short while we were in the now weary of this tale. First we drove gave us the opportunity to pick blue motor-boat with Mr. Lethbridge making in an easterly direction through Canning's berries, which were growing thick in for l\Iusgravetown. Cove. In the gardens of the cottages places near the roadside. Vpon arriving there we called on Mr. '"' e just revelled in the beautiful wild Stead. and made our request. He was erness of it all, and it really was de sorry he could not oblige us, as, al lightful to jog along with the gentle fresh though he owned ten horses, his only • A DAY OUT-DOORS wind rustling the leaves, sunshine and caniage had been smashed up by some sweet woodland smells all around us, one to v.'lhom he had lent it. • THUNDER AND LIGHTNING and the birds singing overhead. '\Te then decided that we would go At last we reached Lethbridge, where to ~fr. 0. We knew that he has a car • A VISIT FROM GRANDMA we had tea, and said good-bye to Max riage, but having heard him speak of the and Carrie, who still had to drive eight condition of the Random Road, we feared • FAREWELLS or nine miles before getting home. Mr. he might not want to let us hire it. But Lethbridge was waiting to take us home our evident desire to see more of the to the bungalow. country touched his heart, and he con the apple-trees were laden with red and Just after we arrived, Frank and Teddy sen ted to let us have his horse and car green fruit, and of course we stopped called on us, and Marion, according riage, with his son to drive. We ar to buy some. I enjoy crisp sour apples, to her promise, asked them to stay to ranged to be over the next ,morning if but as these were not ripe, we could not supper. fin e at ten o'clock, Mr. Lethbridge hav indulge in many, so they were carried That night we were awakened by a in g promised to call and take us there, home to make apple sauce. When the thunder and lightning storm, with heavy and we started for home well pleased with road came to an end, we turned and rain. Following a flash of lightning, th e result of our little trip, which we drove back through Musgravetown again, the bungalow was all illuminated, and greatly enjoyed, for it was a perfect even and on through Bloomfield and along the remained so. As first we thought tJhe ing and delightful on the water. Western shore of the arm. house had been struck, and was on fire, "I hope it will be fine and warm like Shortly after noon we reached the but on running into the kitchen we this tomorrow," Marion said, and she South-vVest River, and here we decided found that the biroh slabs which we had her wish, for a more beautiful day to have lunch. '.Ye drove over the long had put in the stove for the morning's could not be desired. 'Ve were up early bridge which spanned it, and on the fire were in a blaze. The only con and all ready with our basket packed other side we boiled the kettle, and sat clusion we could come to was that the when Mr. Lethbridge called. When we on the side of the bridge to eat our lightning had come down the chimney, arri\·ed at Musgravetown, Max was wait dinner, with a beauti·ful view of the river ignited the birch, and passed out through ing with the horse and carriage; we in and the arms of the bay before us. the window. Some people may think \'ited his sister to come along too, and After dinner we soon came to the this incredible, but I am just stating soon we were all seated in f:lhe wagon, Random Road, which turned directly facts as they happened. and ready for our day in the open. into the woods away from the water. This The next morning it was still raining, Delighnful it was to start out in the road had not been used for many years, and we could not go to the island for a early morning with a whole long day as travelling has been done by water in picnic to which we had been invited before us to be spent in God's Out of those parts for some time, and conse Late in the afternoon we went by motor Doors, driving through beautiful scenery quently it was completely overgrown. boat to visit Mrs. George Pye, and thank and new country. Few pleasures can We drove on for quite a distance, her for her kindness to us. She gave surpass it. Someone has put in verse: laughing at the jolts, until the road be us two large beet to carry home as sam "Just to be out of doors, so fresh, so green, came so rough we were obliged to turn, ples from her garden. With unbreathed air, illimitable clean, fearing the carriage might meet the fate The rain was now all over, and we The soft sweet scent of happy growing of Mr. Stead's. Marion was very loth walked home in the glow of a brilliant things, to leave the Random Road, but was (Continued on Page 36) 36 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY HOLIDAY REMINISCENCES (Continued) sunser. Marion said, "Let us go and take of sunshine into my li.fe. When yous is the hore, we oould ee the two old a farewell look at the view from my gone, how I hall miss you dear ones." bodies arm in arm, walking slowly up bungalow site." This we did, and then We tried to cheer her by promising rhrough the fields towards their homes. went home to find Herman waiting with to write to her, but the tears were in Teddy and Frank, with their arms around some cream for our supper which his her eyes when she wi bed us good-night. each other, sauntered dejectedly along grandma had sent us. The next morning they were all over the beach in the opposite direction. ·'Grandma is comin' over to see yous in to say good-bye and see us off; Mrs. Mr. Lethbridge and Mr. Oxden wished the 1non1in'," he informed us. Providence and our old lady, Herman, u good-bye at the station, and as our "Tell here we shall be very pleased Max and Ned Hancock, and Frank and train moved quickly away, we went out indeed to see her, Herman, and thank Teddy Porter. Our old friend Mr. Oxden on the platform in order to see th e last her for the cream." who was so good to us the day we ar of our bungalow aero the Arm, and Our old lady came over after tea. rived came again to help Mr. Lethbridge its beautiful surroundings. As it dis "Oh my dears," she said, "my heart is sad take our baggage away; it had diminished appeared from our view we resolved that tonight. I never thought I should come by seve1·al packages, which was a com some time in the near future we would to love yous so. The first day yous come fort. again visit the charming country, the I felt I must run away I was so fright T1hey were all waving to us from the beauties of which had been such a source ened of trangers; but now you is both wharf a our boat moved off, and I think of p leasure to us during our brief stay. tucked down in the cosy corner of my they were indeed sorry to see us go. heart, and you has indeed brought a bit As the distance widened between us and THEE D NEWFOUNDLAND- As It Was And As It Is IN POETRY AND PICTURES Selected Poems of SOLOMON SAMSON Ed ited, arranged and illustrated w ith rare v iews of Newfoundland. This Book w ould ma ke an ideal Christmas gift to some f riend away from home. By DR. ROBERT SAUNDERS, J.D. On Sa le at Book Stores in the City. FIRE INSURANCE ~ Effect it with the old, reliable and prompt-paying ~OR VALvE':J Company IMPORTERS OF Dry Goods, Men's, Women's & Children's THE YORKSHIRE Wearing Apparel, Footwear, Household INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD . Goods, Infants' Wear, Notions, Etc . LOSSES BY GAS, LIGHTNING AJND FO REST FIRES NOT EXCFJPTED. Ask for rates before insuring else whue. All infOI·mation gladly given. RYAN & CAU LE fl:o~.s _, fl_Cttl. Barristers, Solicitors and Notary Public t .. . z.. .. .o . . ...~ ~--- 1...... ~ ... AGENTS TWO STORES 216-220 Duckworth Street - Dial 83257 Phone 85061 263 Duckworth St. 109-111 (Top) Long's Hill - Dial 84342 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 87 VIEWS FROM The CrowS Nest 1RY By LARBOARD WATCH LilAC If any one were to tell me that he had from Sir Francis vValsingham's plan to time to read only six books on New annoy tJhe King of Spain. foundland, and were to ask my advice as "A plotte for the anoyeng of the K 1EA to what six books were the most inter of payne the enterpryce is to surpryce esting and profitable, I would certainly soch sphanyshe shippes as resort yerely to include in the six, the volume entitled the fyshing of the newe fownde Iande andvou·fl ";\lewfoundland Historical and Geograp and the grand baye. hical" by J. G. Rogers. I do not know any The K. of Fravnces mynde is to be felt thing about the author except the little towching an assocyaton for the annoyeng information that is found on the title of the K. of Spayne and the abrydging a9ree page of his book where it is stated that of his greatness." he was "harrister-at law, formerly Stowell And, again, this from Sir Humphrey fellow of University College, Oxford." I Gilbert's plan to annoy the King of it can't would say that Mr. Rogers has made a Spain: vaJuable contribution to the list of his ..I am bowld (most excellent Souer torical works on ewfoundland, and I aigne) to exeroi e my pen touching mat be beat J= am glad to have a copy of his book in ters of stare, because I am a syllie mem r my collection. ber of this Common Weale of England, ,... This work, evi.dently one of a series, and doe not offer myself therein as an and, in this respect, like the book of Lord Instructor, or a reformer, but as a Wei for ,... Birkenhead, was edited by Henry Frowde, wilier to your Mate and my Countrie, and was issued from the Clarendon Press, wherein the meanest or si.mpliest ought Oxford, in 1911. The book is of ordinary not yeeld themselves second to the best, flavour ,_ ~ novel size, contains 274 pages and four or wisest. In wich respect I hope to be . .;.:·!~;;: .... _ maps. The ten chapters of the book pardoned, if through want of judgement -'~··· :z have the following headings: l-Inter I be mistaken herein. And as to matter. _;f · Ci\ national Discoveries; II - International The sa,fety of Principates, Monarchies, Fisheries and an Imperfect Colony in and Common weales, rest chiefly on mak ewfoundland; liii -The fiirst Beginnings ing theire enemies weake, and poore and /lt PURl CEYLON of a Perfect English Colony in Newfound themselves strong and rich, first your 111 land; IV - The Crisis and the Convoys, Highness ought undoubtedly to seeke the BLENDED 1656 -88; V - The firstAnglo·French kingdom of heaven, and vppon that lJ! Duel and English Victory, 1618-1713; fowndacion to beleve that there can never ORANGE PEKOI I VI - A half-century of Progress, 1713-63. be constant, and firme league of amytie The Second Anglo-French Duel and Eng betwene those princes, who e devision is lish Victory; VII - The '"Dhird Anglo planted by the woorme of their con French Duel and English Victory; and sciences." the Beginning of Permanence, 1763-1818; When reviewing Pedley's History I VIII- Progress by Land during the last per said I supposed that if a hundred histories iod, 1818-1910; IX - Fish; X - Bait-fish, of Newfoundland were written each would Expansion, and Conflict. There are also leave on the mind of the reader some appendices including: peculiar impression, and I remarked that, (a) Sir Humphrey Gilbert's plans to after reading Pedley's History, I saw New annoy the King of Spain, 1577. foundland torn by internal strife due to (b) Sir Francis Walsingham's plan to the conflict of human passions not yet annoy the King of Spain. subdued by an interest in the common 4c) II.nstructions to Sir John Gilbert, good. After reading this work by Rogers October 10, 1585. I had an impression of Newfoundland as (d) Charles Leigh's "Brief Platform for the battle ground of a conflict of ideas a Voyage." October 4, 1597. a conflict between schemes of empire (e) The Colonizallion of Newfoundland builders of this nation and of that. On Advocated for purposes of trade, one hand colonizers who tried to estab 1600. lish settlements in r ewfoundland, and on (f) The Atlantic Fisheries Arbitration; the other fishing captains who looked Award of the Hague Tribunal as upon Newfoundland as "a great English published September 8, 1910. ship moored near the banks during the T hese appendices are interesting not Jiishing-season for the convenience of the only for the subject matter, but also on English fishermen," and sought to keep account of old spellings and quaint ex it so. Again on one hand the soldiers of pressions. For instance, rtake nhis extract (Continued on Page 38) 38 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY THE CROW'S NEST (Continued) Guy's successor, John Mason encouraged Treaty of Paris, he remarked that "tin France, and on the other the soldiers of the growth of com to such an extent, that sustaining their claim French arguments England as these tw.o nations struggled the rye-crops of B11istol's Hope were the delived valuable assistance from English for the mastery, not only of Newfound cynosure of rival settlements." ignorance." 'Vhile discussing t!he disputes land, but of great part of the orth R . Hayman, who succeeded Mason as between the English and the French American Continent. Governor, made Ha11bour Grace instead of Rogers has this to say TWIN FALLS PLANT ROBIN HOOD FLOUR TO DOUBLE CAPACITY MILLS OFFER HOME ECONOMICS SCHOLARSHIP British Newfoundland Corporation Ltd. Robin Hood Flour Mills Limited announced that its affiliate, Twin Falls is happy to announce >that again this year a scholarship, valued at p0 wer Co11poration Ltd. is planning to $400.00, will be awal"ded to a New double the capacity of its Labrador power foundland girl who wishes to enter plant. a recognized Sohool of Home Eco The initial 120,000 h.p. on the Un nomics. This scholarship wi11 be known River is scheduled tb come on made paya-ble in the name of the winning •candidate to the Regis power June 1 for delivery to the Wabush •trar of the University or College area. Power from both this first stage where her application J'or enroll and the projected second stage of the ment has been accepted. The suc Twin Falls development is to be used cessful candida.te may have three by the Iron Ore Company of Canada years in which -to take up . her scholarship. which, through the Carol Pellet Company, Preference wiU be given to 4-H is building a pelletizing plant at Labra members who have successfully THE ROYAL GARAGE LIMITED - DEALERS FOR - CHRYSLER- DODGE- VALIANT- SIMCA CARS DODGE TRUCKS THE BEST AUTOMOTIVE LINE FOR 1962 CARNELL STREET DIAL 82094 - 95 - 96 CAR LOT ON TOPSAIL ROAD PHONE 92196 ll'l"',' Contact us today if You are Planning • AN ANNIVERSARY BOOKLET ·~ • A COMPANY CATALOGUE • A SCHOOL YEAR BOOK • A SPECIAL REPORT • COLOUR PRINTING • BROCHURES, PRICE LISTS, ETC. 11FOR PRINTING THAT GETS RESU LTS 11 GUARDIAN LIMITED St. John's Newfoundland T eacher Donna Howell helps a student with her French lesson at United Church R egional High School Imperial Oil Scholarships-part of the Newfoundland educational scene Donna Howell teaches French at the U.C. Regional High School in the Summerville area of St. John's. Donna was born and grew up in St. John's. She attended Prince of Wales College where she was an honours pupil. In her final year she won an Imperial Oil Newfoundland Scholarship which she held during her attendance at Memorial University, where she obtained her B.A. in Education. Donna is one of 30 students award ed Imperial Oil Newfoundland Scholarships since the company started its plan in 1947. The plan is designed to help promising stu dents attain higher education. Two scholarships are awarded each year. Imperial Oil has long been a good citizen of Newfoundland. It insti tuted its scholarship program in the interests of advancing education in the province. I MPERIAL OIL LIMITED , there's more about Newfoundland RADIO on ... a magazine by and about Newfoundlanders. CBC WEEKLY SUNDAYS, 2.30 P.M. SITES IN SOUND ... . actuality and documentary programs abo ut the Newfoundland scene, starting April 28 SATU RDAYS, 4.30 P.M. SUNDAY MISCELLANY A program of talks reflecting the rich variety of life in Newfoundland. SUNDAYS, 1.45 p.m. NOTES AND COMMENT ... A. B. Perlin reports and comments on current affairs in Newfoundland. SUNDAYS, 8.15 P.M. NFLD. PROGRAM from LONDON . . . at BBC London, Margot Davies talks to and about Newfoundlanders in the British Isles. SUNDAYS, 8 .00 P.M. esT csG GRAND FALLS CBN GANDER CANADIAN 51 . JOHN'S BROADCASTING CORPORATION