DOCSLIB.ORG

Mack-Fetish.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mack-Fetish.Pdf ts 'uortdrrf sep Flrtdl€uBoqldsd uopuo'I 'runesnw qsBrrg aqlJo seelsn{ u-relsed! olur urrol er{]Jo uorlrr;dorddtar lueler eroru erI{V lrrtuaC 'eldoad o8uo;,1 (rsrrya) ern8g .:a.ro.o4 eql etrdsep surcurer rl puy '(saorld duetu ur pesn dTJtreue8 It'te3] erour ,^d.ou v n[-n[ -otlei eqt legt p ro3) surcruer r{Jlr{^a uorlrcqddr u?llJJty ut dq perurlddns seznr a-rn11nc uead -oJng Ielerpour ur lxeluoo slr eleJ Lue 1y 'srasn ueedo.rng -slrrl3 pur smef 'sruqsn141 urlr#17 r{rro51 auop tel 'sueed Pu€ u€frJJy uee.^$eg sr euoF ]e1 's.resn uErr{Y lf,urtsrP -orng pu? suersv 'suecueruy e^rleN '.srepuqsl rgrr€d eql dp:ntpc sll W dq dr,u. arues eqt ur pootsrepun se..v\ trJr ruor3 slcelqo relrurrs dpeorqgo {let or ppo dlrcurrsrp tueos repuo,^a pls .{etu e,la 'os ua,rg 'lq8noqr3o urelled ro llel plno.^A rl 're 'se8erur qonsJo uorlcnpo.rd eqt ur euol? -qoJo d.ro8aleo elqesruSocer e ot reJer ol rurrlr eruos p?q lou sr ecrgv u€rerryS-qns 'asrnof,JO 'tueruecrld rraql tr .{ruef,Jnf prol dgereqt Surure8 u1 'ossqaf tuter ur8prd ur lred luaunuo.rd r pedeld tou s?r{ lueurafuer{ua f,rteql uErr4v tsel[t er{l olur palnlusurrl Jalel xr11 'oJqta{ p -see stseSSns trgt derrn ? ur sl?rJeltru perruf-gnu?ru pue pe>lpr selrJcrrru esen8nl;o4 tsr5 eqJ 'Erl{V pue edorng FrnteuJo dter.re,L olor{^A r qtr.ln, perelof, srralqogo pesn uee.^ teq suorleluo{uoc d1.rea eql ur urSr.ro ue sEq .qsrleJ, sI tI rerllt1 'senqenb Ieuortttueserder rreql auuer 01 s€ os 'Jlestr ruret eql;o.{Solorudre eqi3o &zrr dq sr uonturldxe drrrr aruos ur passorp ro peqlolJ uaeg e^Er{ qslr{^a slcalqo 'ur3r;o Jo puH aruos spr€,lAol elnoJ 'elrpnre eJour 'puooas 11 go Suqpl ereq tou er? e4t ur Iernteu ro lernldpcs 'ltg ro €orues lse>lre6l ou deqr eq 'sloalqo elrlelnurnf,f,r pollel eq rq8rur ta{.^a ol 'e>ls?[V ro orrxetrAJ lse>l]?Cl due dern eures er{t etrnb ur tou dysnoroeual tsoru ererlp€ ot surees (gsrtoJ, 'eJI{1r uereqes (grdnur.rd s?,l.r eregt dq,u.:epuo.u, ot Uel fins ert e,^a gSnoqr - suol] -qns ruor; slcelqo ol eluereJer qlr.a,r padoldep -epunoJ I€f,rrolsrq q3noua ernres s€q elrgv lnslqsltoJJo eq ol s:eadd? urret eql ler{t sr d1r-rerlncad puolos y ernJef rre3 eql'aleudorddtur re.tartro11'ssaco.rd drorerold 'ea.r8rped -xo eql ur uorsslu Sursrutrlsrrq3 Jo tuerua^lo uI eqt ol pelseluof,un pu? rEepJo rurel IerruqJal E ere.^A IIJI 3urqteruos seao tqnop ou snrn?saql oglJo euol tltslleJoru s? pesn sr lr 'peepuy 'uorldr.rosep olrl€u pue dpeloqcs enll eqJ 'qrroJ os pu€ ',3urop-p.te, ',l;ercqctrarr, '.drqsro.u. -ruretleJo erg arlt ur (s1uer1c rreqtJo dueugo r?qt tqnop -11 ap, '.dr]r1opl, :oro3ag pue drntuar gtuaetauru eqt ruog ou put) e8esn esnoq uontrne Sutnurluoc dq pes.ropua 'slsrs 'petues uo Suue8url Surqsern dr.rrp.reqrogo eBeSStq ? qll^\ olrrof, -red .qsrle3, se urret ? snolnqeu pue en8e.r. os le qtog 'uDI€ dlasolc ere efl{17 tse{req tnoqe ssrnooslp -erd dlqee8pel.^aou>l asrlv\olrT are sdnorS snoua8rpurgo eqt3o dlrrrrfr8eu aql pu? (qslleJ, rurel er{lJo dlr.trle8eu saureu eqa dqdarSoqtro d:erodureJuof ot uonuane elqe eqa 'sqde.rSouotu porSolodo:qrue roIIJ?e oqlJo eruos -pueururof rltr.A perepuar ueuo ',{3o1ounu.rel elrtru pu? pue slroder .srellelerl 'e.rn1t.retq ur parelsoJ uaag a^eq t?q] 'sertrroqlne pelou uro{ suorltlonb'secuare3lar dpeloqcs suorldauad pet€Ilosst eqr putJIastI ElIgVJo uorltroldxa 3o dldoutd t &1dsrp ot sultd t? asl^.r:aqto orr san8o1 'e;eq aql;o fuolsrg eloq.^ ' egt sI euo 'ecrlrttd slqtJo 'uorteu -eter erues eql 'lsrrJ salzznd Iereles eJ€ ereqJ -e1dxe ue dltcexe louJI 'txeluol EJo r{lrres ur pe8eurun.r '(seqsrteJ, s€ peqrrrsep dlSuqre;un ore rolf,r:€ql ul?Jrar (ueeq e,req put) eq utr wqt sp.reoqdnc pcrSoloqcdsd ego srcelqg 'epercd uo sr d.relnqrrol rrrlrureJ r stuarulred eq] put I?f,IJolslq q8noue snollqo 'lqnop ou 'eie ereqJ -eC ,elrtnurrd, ro (leqr[, eqr dq pelueserd sanSopttr ',qslteJ, Jo reqrunu t uI 'sasnoq uoltrnt ssuopuol ur ecqd 8ur{el a^eg lou op 'paqdrur sr rr teq; 'sruroJ srues eql uI su?Il 3ft Salss uuJnlnr elq eql cNrJIu,4a Jo awrJ lrHJ JV {r€w uqof €rlJJY l€rlue] ur sern8rJ lr8ew 6ft%' The Myth of the Fetish forms encouraged by acquaintance with what was in- terpreted locally as an equivalent European pracrice. All of this suggests, then, that 'the fetish' is firmly an- Several possible links have been canvassed. As chored in the space between cultures, one of the most long ago as rgoT it was suggested by the ethnographer potent zones of mutual misunderstanding. The most Peschuel-Loesche that nail Gtishes were related to cruci- characteristic of the objects referred to as 'fetish' come fixes.2 It is in fact the case that images of Christ on the from Central Africa. Indeed there is a complex of magical Cross entered Kongo culture in part as an insignia of objects and practices which involves masquerade, and the chiefly oflice rather than in specifically evangelising con- use ofvarious devices for healing and other purposes texts. Locally cast brass crucifixes are a familiar part of the rvhich, with local variation, is common to peoples from iconography of more recent Kongo art. Whether the the Atlantic Coast right across Central Africa and into same inspiration lies behind the creation of nailed figures Zallnbia and beyond. The term nkisi ts the shared Bantu among the Kongo is very far from certain. Despite a con- *'ord for aspects of this complex and is found in use in siderable attention to archival sources on the history of very widely distant parts of the region. Thus in terms of missionary activity in the Lower Congo area, no solid most of the objects illustrated here, and found in the support for this speculation has emerged. African section of the exhibition which the volume ac- A second link is the possible connection with a companies, nkisi refers both to the nailed images from the practice of sticking pins into images, which in Europe is Kongo on the continent's western shores, and to the best known as a means of inflicting injury on others.3 magical figures of the Songye deep into centalZaire. Again, there is no supporting evidence of any association. The most familiar of so-called 'fetishes', however, Yet some expectation based on vague notions of the come from the peoples clustered round the mouth of functioning of European witchcraft has been a significant s-hat was then the River Congo (and is now the River part of the impression cultivated about the use of nail Zaire).It is important to recall that here there is a history figures in Central Africa. All the negativify of the term of contact with Europe that extends back over 5oo years. 'fetish' has seemed appropriate to these 'ferocious', The first Portuguese ships arrived offthe coast in 1482. 'frankly obscene','indecent''scarecrows'.a 'Within a decade the sparse Portuguese settlements were In the end, the perception of these objects as 'fetish' reinforced by a significant group of new settlers from is an entirely spurious external view which classifies Europe including representatives of a variety of Catholic objects regardless of indigenous understanding. Indeed it Orders. And by Easter r49r the first baptism of a local has been in situations where an alternative system of Kongo chief had taken place. By May the Kongo king understanding, that based on Christian doctrine, was and several local aristocrats had followed suit; and byJuly making significant inroads among the Kongo that they that same year the first church was already approaching completion.l The first catechism was written down in the local Kikongo dialect in r556, and a dictionary had been prepared by 1652. We do not know for sure the origin of the fetish figures of the Kongo, nor indeed is it at all likely that there could be a single knowable source. Various of these objects were destroyed with the conversion to Christian- in of the famous Kongo king Alfonso I, and so certainly predated the late fifteenth-century encounter of Kongo rvith the Portuguese. Yet it has been suggested that at least one form of so-called fetish figure, that which incor- porates nails, is in fact related to certain nailed images as thev appear in'Western culture. The Kongo objects in quesrion are carved and usually figurative. In addition to nails. r'arious other bits of hardware have often been driven into them. They are discussed in more detail be- Power figure los-. If of Christian or, more generally, European inspira- Songye people, Central Africa rion. such images would represent an evolution of local Trustees of the British Museum, London _i+ ss lou er€ deqtg 'ren 'pa-reeddesrp seq uort?redo rragl 'esJnoseJ e^rlseSSns e pe old pepunorrns eJuo leqt pntrr eqt pue depol peqsrururrp seq osp srg 'Dlesung rr) n€r)-nJ 'roletueruruoc o3uo14 sleelqo qlnsJo asn eqI 'F,^Ao^esrpJo stfe qfnsJo llnser e dq uamr.rr'r pue 696r ruor3 Surtrp legdrurd iloqs y llerrp e ueuo sr erag,l osla pur edornggo surnesntu eql E'perelorsrper dpuece.r pur d-rnluac eql3o ured d1;re aqr ur dtpol pa,L.rese.rd a.rr deqt tc€J er{J 'sreprstno reqlo lo ur pepJoJeJ slcalqo Jql ]noq? slxel elrleuJo uorl€urrurxa serJ?uorssrur ol psodsrp .rreql 'elet due 1r ,-ro - uorlf,nJlsep 'seSeurgo -er € urog peurr8 ueeq seq qrnw les xelduror .rraqr perydur slrelqo qrnsJo doecrge eqt urJerTeq IIeJo dpnuessa ue 8ur1e.tr:un ur pe^on{le ueeq dpre.rp seq p,^.o^Esrc 'qsneJJo lse^rrr{ Jqt pelelared s€.^A slnosJo l?q.^a uo uorlf,eEer ? eJe suorlenresqo Sur.LrolloJ eqJ lse^r?q eqt :uorsre^uor u?rlsrlqSJo^q uortrpuof elq?tl^eur '.qslteJ, I?rtuesselurnb eql 'lsee1 te uortdeored crlqnd ur aql s? pa.^aofioJ ]rE txeu eqa 'Surueeru crloquds luereg 'umue; o] peurlsep e.re daql 'uortrterdrature; dq penlser -grp e elrnb seSrrur esegt ol etnqrr]]r ot pe8r.rnocue ere \ urlrag'ePun>lra]Ig^ r.Tu runesnlAl pBnl:o4 E)r{V lertuaC '(qr1) aldoed o8uo) 'Brqruro3 ep epeprsrJ^run 'orr8olodo.rluy nesnw op eletor1qrg ( rsrryi;) a.rnB g,ra.r,r,o6 elr{V I€rluoC 'eldoed o8uo;1 (rsl;7r) a:n8g:a.r,ro4 V]IUJV f YUIN:I] NI SgdNCI'I SICVW ,,,ii:,iit,,iu"dii&fuini,i,',u'l,iili The 0biec{ and its Function The images themselves are in a variery of forms: the most familiar in ethnographical collections are a series of human figures carved from a solid block of wood.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evidence from the Kuba Kingdom*
    The Evolution of Culture and Institutions:Evidence from the Kuba Kingdom* Sara Lowes† Nathan Nunn‡ James A. Robinson§ Jonathan Weigel¶ 16 November 2015 Abstract: We use variation in historical state centralization to examine the impact of institutions on cultural norms. The Kuba Kingdom, established in Central Africa in the early 17th century by King Shyaam, had more developed state institutions than the other independent villages and chieftaincies in the region. It had an unwritten constitution, separation of political powers, a judicial system with courts and juries, a police force and military, taxation, and significant public goods provision. Comparing individuals from the Kuba Kingdom to those from just outside the Kingdom, we find that centralized formal institutions are associated with weaker norms of rule-following and a greater propensity to cheat for material gain. Keywords: Culture, values, institutions, state centralization. JEL Classification: D03,N47. *A number of individuals provided valuable help during the project. We thank Anne Degrave, James Diderich, Muana Kasongo, Eduardo Montero, Roger Makombo, Jim Mukenge, Eva Ng, Matthew Summers, Adam Xu, and Jonathan Yantzi. For comments, we thank Ran Abramitzky, Chris Blattman, Jean Ensminger, James Fenske, Raquel Fernandez, Carolina Ferrerosa-Young, Avner Greif, Joseph Henrich, Karla Hoff, Christine Kenneally, Alexey Makarin, Anselm Rink, Noam Yuchtman, as well as participants at numerous conferences and seminars. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Pershing Square Venture Fund for Research on the Foundations of Human Behavior and the National Science Foundation (NSF). †Harvard University. (email: [email protected]) ‡Harvard University, NBER and BREAD. (email: [email protected]) §University of Chicago, NBER, and BREAD.
    [Show full text]
  • Africans: the HISTORY of a CONTINENT, Second Edition
    P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 This page intentionally left blank ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 africans, second edition Inavast and all-embracing study of Africa, from the origins of mankind to the AIDS epidemic, John Iliffe refocuses its history on the peopling of an environmentally hostilecontinent.Africanshavebeenpioneersstrugglingagainstdiseaseandnature, and their social, economic, and political institutions have been designed to ensure their survival. In the context of medical progress and other twentieth-century innovations, however, the same institutions have bred the most rapid population growth the world has ever seen. The history of the continent is thus a single story binding living Africans to their earliest human ancestors. John Iliffe was Professor of African History at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of St. John’s College. He is the author of several books on Africa, including Amodern history of Tanganyika and The African poor: A history,which was awarded the Herskovits Prize of the African Studies Association of the United States. Both books were published by Cambridge University Press. i P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 african studies The African Studies Series,founded in 1968 in collaboration with the African Studies Centre of the University of Cambridge, is a prestigious series of monographs and general studies on Africa covering history, anthropology, economics, sociology, and political science.
    [Show full text]
  • Regents of the University of California 18Th-Century Kuba King Figures
    Regents of the University of California 18th-Century Kuba King Figures Author(s): Monni Adams Source: African Arts, Vol. 21, No. 3 (May, 1988), pp. 32-38+88 Published by: UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3336440 Accessed: 27-10-2016 15:08 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Regents of the University of California, UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to African Arts This content downloaded from 141.213.142.215 on Thu, 27 Oct 2016 15:08:27 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 18th-Century Kuba King Figures MONNI ADAMS The arts of large sub-Saharan African iar methods of iconographical and histor- of its culture and structure, as Vansina courts fit more readily into the famil- ical investigation. This can be demon- found during 1953-1956, when he con- iar categories of European art history strated by a description of the steps ducted an intensive study of the king- with regard to subject, purpose, and taken by scholars to identify and date dom.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of the Instability and Exploitation in Congo from King Leopold II's Free State to the 2Nd Congo War
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of Central Florida (UCF): STARS (Showcase of Text, Archives, Research & Scholarship) University of Central Florida STARS HIM 1990-2015 2014 An Examination of the Instability and Exploitation in Congo From King Leopold II's Free State to the 2nd Congo War Baldwin Beal University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIM 1990-2015 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Beal, Baldwin, "An Examination of the Instability and Exploitation in Congo From King Leopold II's Free State to the 2nd Congo War" (2014). HIM 1990-2015. 1655. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015/1655 AN EXAMINATION OF THE INSTABILITY AND EXPLOITATION IN CONGO FROM KING LEOPOLD II’S FREE STATE TO THE 2ND CONGO WAR by BALDWIN J. BEAL A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in History in the College of Arts and Humanities and in The Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2014 Thesis Chair: Dr. Ezekiel Walker Abstract This thesis will analyze the Congo from King Leopold II’s Free State to the 2nd Congo War. After a thorough investigation of the colonial period, this thesis will analyze the modern period.
    [Show full text]
  • Coming to Terms with Heritage Kuba Ndop and the Art School of Nsheng
    Coming to Terms with Heritage Kuba Ndop and the Art School of Nsheng Elisabeth L. Cameron n 1989, I was in Zaïre (now the Democratic Republic of feet. For example, Shyaam aMbul aNgoong banned gambling and the Congo) doing pre-dissertation fieldwork and trying introduced the lyeel game (Vansina 1978:60). He is also credited to find the perfect research topic. The Kuba kingdom for bringing a time of peace that gave people leisure time to play was an irresistible draw and I spent several months in games. Therefore, he chose thelyeel game as his symbol. Thendop the area exploring various topics. I was especially privi- was used during the king’s lifetime as his surrogate when he was leged to stay at Nsheng,1 the capital of the Kuba king- absent from the capital. At his death, the incoming king slept with dom, as the guest of the king’s mother. One evening a young man the ndop of the previous king to absorb his ngesh or bush spirit.3 Iapproached me and gave me an ndop, a carved figure represent- The ndop then became a memorial figure that was kept by the ing the seventeenth century king Shyaam aMbul aNgoong (Fig. king’s surviving wives and occasionally displayed. When the Afri- 1). He introduced himself as Musunda-Kananga from the Sala can American missionary William Sheppard arrived at the court Mpasu area and heritage and explained that he had aspirations in 1892, he described the scene: of becoming a contemporary artist. He had applied to go to the On an elevation were statues of four former kings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetic Landscape of Ethiopia: Diversity, Intermixing and the Association With
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/756536; this version posted September 5, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 The genetic landscape of Ethiopia: diversity, intermixing and the association with 2 culture 3 Authors: Saioa López1,2*, Ayele Tarekegn3*, Gavin Band4, Lucy van Dorp1,2, Tamiru Oljira5, 4 Ephrem Mekonnen6, Endashaw Bekele7, Roger Blench8,9, Mark G. Thomas1,2, Neil Bradman10, 5 Garrett Hellenthal1,2 6 7 Affiliations: 8 9 1) Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, 10 Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom 11 2) UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United 12 Kingdom 13 3) Department of Archaeology and Heritage Management, College of Social Sciences, Addis Ababa 14 University, New Classrooms (NCR) Building, Second Floor, Office No. 214, Addis Ababa 15 University, P. O. Box 1176, Ethiopia 16 4) Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom 17 5) Bioinformatics & Genomics Research Directorate (BGRD), Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute 18 (EBTi), Ethiopia 19 6) Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 20 7) College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia 21 8) McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom 22 9) Department of History, University of Jos, Nigeria 23 10) Henry Stewart Group, London WC1A 2HN, United Kingdom 24 (* = contributed equally) 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/756536; this version posted September 5, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Africans: the HISTORY of a CONTINENT, Second Edition
    P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 This page intentionally left blank ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 africans, second edition Inavast and all-embracing study of Africa, from the origins of mankind to the AIDS epidemic, John Iliffe refocuses its history on the peopling of an environmentally hostilecontinent.Africanshavebeenpioneersstrugglingagainstdiseaseandnature, and their social, economic, and political institutions have been designed to ensure their survival. In the context of medical progress and other twentieth-century innovations, however, the same institutions have bred the most rapid population growth the world has ever seen. The history of the continent is thus a single story binding living Africans to their earliest human ancestors. John Iliffe was Professor of African History at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of St. John’s College. He is the author of several books on Africa, including Amodern history of Tanganyika and The African poor: A history,which was awarded the Herskovits Prize of the African Studies Association of the United States. Both books were published by Cambridge University Press. i P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 african studies The African Studies Series,founded in 1968 in collaboration with the African Studies Centre of the University of Cambridge, is a prestigious series of monographs and general studies on Africa covering history, anthropology, economics, sociology, and political science.
    [Show full text]
  • Coming to Terms with Heritage Kuba Ndop and the Art School of Nsheng
    Coming to Terms with Heritage Kuba Ndop and the Art School of Nsheng Elisabeth L. Cameron Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/afar/article-pdf/45/3/28/1816145/afar_a_00009.pdf by guest on 26 September 2021 n 1989, I was in Zaïre (now the Democratic Republic of feet. For example, Shyaam aMbul aNgoong banned gambling and the Congo) doing pre-dissertation fieldwork and trying introduced the lyeel game (Vansina 1978:60). He is also credited to find the perfect research topic. The Kuba kingdom for bringing a time of peace that gave people leisure time to play was an irresistible draw and I spent several months in games. Therefore, he chose thelyeel game as his symbol. Thendop the area exploring various topics. I was especially privi- was used during the king’s lifetime as his surrogate when he was leged to stay at Nsheng,1 the capital of the Kuba king- absent from the capital. At his death, the incoming king slept with dom, as the guest of the king’s mother. One evening a young man the ndop of the previous king to absorb his ngesh or bush spirit.3 Iapproached me and gave me an ndop, a carved figure represent- The ndop then became a memorial figure that was kept by the ing the seventeenth century king Shyaam aMbul aNgoong (Fig. king’s surviving wives and occasionally displayed. When the Afri- 1). He introduced himself as Musunda-Kananga from the Sala can American missionary William Sheppard arrived at the court Mpasu area and heritage and explained that he had aspirations in 1892, he described the scene: of becoming a contemporary artist.
    [Show full text]
  • Kongo and Kuba: the Art of Rulership Display
    ARTHIST 345-01/AAAS 348-01/ICS 223- 01/AFRICAN ART: FROM ROYAL COURT TO CONTEMPORARY MARKETPLACE Kongo and Kuba: The Art of Rulership Display Monday, March 30 Map of the Kongo Kingdom Mbanza Kongo (Salvador, Angola), from Olfert Dapper’s Description of Africa, 1688. Above left: L. Degrandpré, The house & funeral of the court minister of commerce, the Ma-Kayi, of Cabinda, c. 1787. Below left: Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi, After being denied a chair by the Portuguese governor, Queen Nzinga Mbundu sits on the back of her attendant, 1690. Engraving. Yombe peoples, Democratic Republic of Congo, Royal scepter, 19th century. Ivory. Above left: Kongo Kingdom, Democratic Republic of Congo/Angola, Royal hat (mpu), before 1674. Woven grass & fiber. Below left: Kongo Kingdom, Democratic Republic of Congo/Angola, Royal apron, before 1674. Woven grass & fiber. Above & below left: renderings of the Kongo cosmogram. Kongo Kingdom, Democratic Republic of Congo, Funeral cylinder (diboondo), 19th century. Terracotta. Left: Kongo Kingdom, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guardian figure (tomba, ntadi), 19th century. Steatite. Right: Yombe peoples, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mother & child statue, 19th century. Wood & mixed media. Above: Photograph of a Bwende funerary mannequin (niombo) during a public ceremony, early 20th century. Right: Bwende, Democratic Republic of Congo, Funerary mannequin (niombo), early 20th century. Cloth, pigment, soil, human remains. Left: Yombe peoples, Democratic Republic of Congo, Power figure (nkisi nkondi), 1905. Wood, metal, glass, & mixed media. Above: Vili peoples, Angola/Democratic Republic of Congo, Double-headed power figure of dog (nkondi), before 1912. Wood, iron & mixed media. Map of Central Africa, 17th century CE.
    [Show full text]
  • Nber Working Paper Series the Evolution of Culture
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE EVOLUTION OF CULTURE AND INSTITUTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM THE KUBA KINGDOM Sara Lowes Nathan Nunn James A. Robinson Jonathan Weigel Working Paper 21798 http://www.nber.org/papers/w21798 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 December 2015 A number of individuals provided valuable help during the project. We thank Anne Degrave, James Diderich, Muana Kasongo, Eduardo Montero, Roger Makombo, Jim Mukenge, Eva Ng, Matthew Summers, Adam Xu, and Jonathan Yantzi. For comments, we thank Ran Abramitzky, Chris Blattman, Jean Ensminger, James Fenske, Raquel Fernandez, Carolina Ferrerosa-Young, Avner Greif, Joseph Henrich, Karla Hoff, Christine Kenneally, Alexey Makarin, Anselm Rink, Noam Yuchtman, as well as participants at numerous conferences and seminars. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Pershing Square Venture Fund for Research on the Foundations of Human Behavior and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2015 by Sara Lowes, Nathan Nunn, James A. Robinson, and Jonathan Weigel. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Evolution of Culture and Institutions: Evidence from the Kuba Kingdom Sara Lowes, Nathan Nunn, James A. Robinson, and Jonathan Weigel NBER Working Paper No.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Legacy of State Centralization in the Kuba Kingdom of The
    Genetic legacy of state centralization in the Kuba SEE COMMENTARY Kingdom of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Lucy van Dorpa,b,2, Sara Lowesc, Jonathan L. Weigeld, Naser Ansari-Poure, Saioa Lópezf, Javier Mendoza-Revillaa,g,h, James A. Robinsoni, Joseph Henrichj, Mark G. Thomasa,k, Nathan Nunnl,1, and Garrett Hellenthala,k,1,2 aUniversity College London Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; bCentre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; cDepartment of Economics, Bocconi University, Milan 20100, Italy; dDepartment of International Development, London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; eFaculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; fCancer Institute, University College London, WC1E 6DD London, United Kingdom; gLaboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia,́ Universidad, Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; hUnit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; iHarris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; jDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; kDepartment of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and lDepartment of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Edited by Chapurukha Kusimba, American University, Washington, DC, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Elsa M. Redmond November 9, 2018 (received for review June 29, 2018) Few phenomena have had as profound or long-lasting conse- 28). These were initially organized in small-scale societies, with quences in human history as the emergence of large-scale central- no political hierarchy beyond the village level.
    [Show full text]
  • Harris Klein Collection of African Art
    RESEARCH ON THE HARRIS KLEIN COLLECTION OF AFRICAN ART A Project by Sabrina Klutzke BA Sociology, Benedictine College, 2006 Submitted to the Department of Anthropology and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts May 2009 © Copyright 2009 by Sabrina Klutzke All Rights Reserved NOTE: This is a SEARCHABLE PDF file. Formatted with Adobe Acrobat Professional 6.0 it is accessible to all versions of Acrobat Reader later than 5.0 To search in the file, use the Search feature of your Acrobat Reader To find specific words, phrases, or catalog numbers. ii RESEARCH ON THE HARRIS KLEIN COLLECTION OF AFRICAN ART The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. _________________________________________ David Hughes, Committee Chair _________________________________________ Robert Lawless, Committee Member _________________________________________ Annette LeZotte, Committee Member _________________________________________ Jerry Martin, Committee Member iii PREFACE This paper was created in a searchable pdf format. The Find function under the Edit heading in Adobe Reader enables the user to easily move from the culture description to the museum database form of the object located in Appendix II. Simply type into the find function the accession number that is found in the culture description or the table at the end of the section. This will pull up that object’s form that includes the object’s description, measurements and photograph. To return to the paper, select the “find previous” button.
    [Show full text]